intel AN 522 e Kenyelletsang Sehokelo sa Bese LVDS ho Malapa a Tšehetsoeng a Sesebelisoa sa FPGA

Bus LVDS (BLVDS) e eketsa bokhoni ba puisano ea LVDS ho ea ho ntlha ho tlhophiso ea lintlha tse ngata. Multipoint BLVDS e fana ka tharollo e sebetsang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa multipoint backplane.

Ts'ehetso ea Ts'ebetso ea BLVDS ho Lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA

U ka kenya tšebetsong li-interface tsa BLVDS ho lisebelisoa tsena tsa Intel u sebelisa litekanyetso tsa I/O tse thathamisitsoeng.

Hlokomela:
Matla a ho khanna a lokiselitsoeng le likarolo tsa sekhahla se bolailoeng lisebelisoa tsena li u lumella ho etsa sistimi ea hau ea multipoint bakeng sa ts'ebetso e phahameng. Ho fumana boholo ba sekhahla sa data se tšehelitsoeng, etsa ketsiso kapa tekanyo e ipapisitseng le tlhophiso le ts'ebeliso ea sistimi ea hau.
BLVDS Ho fetaview leqepheng la 4
BLVDS Technology ho Intel Devices leqepheng la 6
Tšebeliso ea Matla a BLVDS leqepheng la 9
BLVDS Design Example leqepheng la 10
Tlhahlobo ea Ts'ebetso leqepheng la 17
Nalane ea Tokomane ea Tokomane bakeng sa AN 522: Ho kenya tšebetsong Sehokelo sa Bus LVDS ho Malapa a Sesebelisoa sa Intel FPGA a Tšehetsoeng leqepheng la 25
Lintlha Tse Amanang
Maemo a I/O bakeng sa Sehokelo sa BLVDS ho Lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA leqepheng la 7

BLVDS Ho fetaview

Sistimi e tloaelehileng ea multipoint BLVDS e na le lipara tse ngata tse fetisang le tse amohelang (li-transceivers) tse hokahaneng le bese.
Multipoint BLVDSTlhophiso e setšoantšong se fetileng e fana ka puisano ea halofo ea duplex ha e ntse e fokotsa sekhahla sa khokahanyo. Transceiver leha e le efe e ka nka karolo ea transmitter, 'me li-transceivers tse setseng li sebetsa e le ba amohelang (ho ka ba le mochine o le mong feela o sebetsang ka nako). Taolo ea sephethephethe sa libese, ebang ke ka protocol kapa tharollo ea hardware hangata e hlokahala ho qoba likhang tsa bakhanni beseng. Ts'ebetso ea multipoint BLVDS e angoa haholo ke capacitive loading le ho felisoa ka bese.
Mehopolo ea Moralo
Moralo o motle oa li-multipoint o tlameha ho nahana ka boima ba capacitive le ho emisoa ka beseng ho fumana botšepehi bo betere. O ka fokotsa matla a mojaro ka ho khetha transceiver e nang le matla a tlase a pin, sehokelo se nang le matla a tlase, le ho boloka bolelele ba stub bo khuts'oane. E 'ngoe ea lintlha tse nahanang ka moralo oa BLVDS ke phapang e sebetsang ea libese e tletseng ka botlalo, e bitsoang impedance e sebetsang, le tieho ea phatlalatso ka bese. Lintlha tse ling tsa moralo oa BLVDS li kenyelletsa leeme le sa sireletsehang, mofuta oa sehokelo le pin-out, sebopeho sa mohlala oa libese tsa PCB, le lintlha tsa sekhahla sa mokhanni.
Impedance e Sebetsang
Ts'ireletso e sebetsang e ipapisitse le ts'ebetso ea libese ea ts'ebetso ea Zo le ho kenya capacitive ka bese. Lihokelo, li-stub tse kareteng ea plug-in, sephutheloana, le bokhoni ba ho kenya moamoheli kaofela li kenya letsoho ho phahamiseng matla, e leng ho fokotsang phepelo e sebetsang ea libese.
Equation 1. Phapang e Atlehang ea Impedans Equation
Sebelisa equation ena ho hakanya phapang e sebetsang ea bese e laetseng (Zeff).Moo:

• Zdiff (Ω) ≈ 2 × Zo = phapang e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso ea bese
•  Co (pF/inch) = bokhoni ba sebopeho ho bolelele ba yuniti ea bese
• CL (pF) = bokhoni ba mojaro o mong le o mong
•  N = palo ea meroalo ka bese
•  H (inch) = d × N = bolelele bohle ba bese
•  d (inch) = sebaka pakeng tsa karete ka 'ngoe ea plug-in
•  Cd (pF/inch) = CL/d = matla a ajoang ka bolelele ba yuniti ho pholletsa le bese

Keketseho ea matla a mojaro kapa sebaka se haufi pakeng tsa likarete tsa plug-in ho fokotsa ts'ebetso e sebetsang. Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sistimi, ho bohlokoa ho khetha transceiver ea capacitance e tlase le sehokelo. Boloka bolelele ba stub e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea moamoheli pakeng tsa sehokelo le pinana ea I/O ea transceiver e le khuts'oane kamoo ho ka khonehang.
Tšitiso e Tloaelehileng e Atlehileng Khahlanong le Cd/Co
Palo ena e bonts'a litlamorao tsa capacitance e ajoang ho impedance e sebetsang e tloaelehileng.Ho felisoa hoa hlokahala pheletsong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea bese, ha data e phalla ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli. Ho fokotsa ho thuisa le ho lla ka beseng, o tlameha ho bapisa mohanyetsi oa ho emisa le tšitiso e sebetsang. Bakeng sa tsamaiso e nang le Cd / Co = 3, impedance e sebetsang ke linako tse 0.5 tsa Zdiff. Ka ho felisoa habeli ka bese, mokhanni o bona mojaro o lekanang oa linako tse 0.25 tsa Zdiff; 'me ka hona e fokotsa ho tsubella ha mats'oao le moeli oa lerata o fapaneng ho pholletsa le lisebelisoa tsa moamoheli (haeba ho sebelisoa mokhanni o tloaelehileng oa LVDS). Mokhanni oa BLVDS o sebetsana le taba ena ka ho eketsa lebelo la koloi ho fihlela molumo o tšoanangtage ts'oarella linthong tsa moamoheli.
Ho lieha ho phatlalatsoa
Ho lieha ho phatlalatsoa (tPD = Zo × Co) ke ho lieha ha nako ka mohala oa phetiso ka bolelele ba yuniti. E itšetlehile ka tšobotsi ea impedance le tšobotsi
bokgoni ba bese.
Ho lieha ho Phatlalatsa ho Atlehang
Bakeng sa bese e tletseng, o ka khona ho bala tieho e sebetsang ea phatlalatso ka equation ena. O ka bala nako ea hore lets'oao le phatlalatse ho tloha ho mokhanni A ho ea ho moamoheli B joalo ka tPDEFF × bolelele ba mohala lipakeng tsa mokhanni A le moamoheli B.

Theknoloji ea BLVDS ho Intel Devices

Ho lisebelisoa tsa Intel tse tšehetsoeng, sebopeho sa BLVDS se tšehetsoa moleng ofe kapa ofe oa I/libanka tse tsamaisoang ke VCCIO ea 1.8 V (Intel Arria 10 le Intel Cyclone 10 GX lisebelisoa) kapa 2.5 V (lisebelisoa tse ling tse tšehetsoeng). Libankang tsena tsa I/O, sebopeho se ts'ehelitsoe ho lithakhisa tsa I/O tse fapaneng empa eseng ho kenyelletso ea oache e inehetseng kapa lipampiri tsa tlhahiso ea oache. Leha ho le joalo, lisebelisoa tsa Intel Arria 10 le Intel Cyclone 10 GX, sebopeho sa BLVDS se tšehetsoa ho lithapo tsa oache tse inehetseng tse sebelisoang e le li-I/O tse akaretsang.

•  Transmitter ea BLVDS e sebelisa li-buffer tse peli tse nang le pheletso e le 'ngoe tse nang le buffer ea bobeli e hlophisitsoeng joalo ka ha e fetotsoe.
•  Moamoheli oa BLVDS o sebelisa buffer e inehetseng ea LVDS.

Li-Buffers tsa BLVDS I/O ka har'a lisebelisoa tse tšehelitsoengSebelisa li-buffers tse fapaneng kapa tse hlahisoang ho latela mofuta oa ts'ebeliso:

• Multidrop application-sebelisa sekoaelo sa ho kenya kapa se hlahisoang ho latela hore na sesebelisoa se etselitsoe mokhanni kapa moamoheli.
• Sesebelisoa sa Multipoint-buffer le bafa ea ho kenya li arolelana lithapo tse tšoanang tsa I/O. U hloka lets'oao la (oe) le fanang ka monyetla oa ho bolela "buffer" ea LVDS ha e sa romelle matšoao.
•  Se ke oa lumella on-chip series termmination (RS OCT) bakeng sa buffer ea tlhahiso.
• Sebelisa lihanyetsi tsa kantle ho li-buffers tsa tlhahiso ho fana ka ts'ebetso e ts'oanang le stub e kareteng ea plug-in.
• Se ke oa lumella on-chip differential termmination (RD OCT) bakeng sa buffer ea ho kenya ka mokhoa o fapaneng hobane hangata ho emisa libese ho sebelisoa lihanyetsi tsa kantle tsa bese lipheletsong tse peli tsa bese.

Maemo a I/O bakeng sa Sehokelo sa BLVDS ho Lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA
O ka kenya tshebetsong sebopeho sa BLVDS o sebedisa maemo a amehang a I/O le ditlhoko tsa hona jwale tsa matla bakeng sa disebediswa tsa Intel tse tsheheditsweng.
I/O E tloaelehileng le Tšehetso ea Likarolo bakeng sa Sehokelo sa BLVDS ho Lisebelisoa tsa Intel tse Tšehetsoeng

1.  DIFFIO_TX Pin ha e tšehetse baamoheli ba 'nete ba LVDS.

Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi, sheba litokomane tse amehang tsa sesebelisoa joalo ka ha li thathamisitsoe karolong ea lintlha tse amanang:

• Bakeng sa tlhahisoleseling ea likabelo tsa phini, sheba ho pin-out ea sesebelisoa files.
• Bakeng sa likarolo tsa maemo a I/O, sheba khaolo ea I/O ea buka ea sesebelisoa.
•  Bakeng sa lintlha tsa motlakase, sheba database ea sesebelisoa kapa DC le tokomane ea litšobotsi tsa switching.

Lintlha Tse Amanang

•  Intel Stratix 10 Pin-Out Files
•  Stratix V Pin-Out Files
• Stratix IV Pin-Out Files
•  Stratix III Sesebelisoa Pin-Out Files
•  Intel Arria 10 Sesebelisoa sa Pin-Out Files
•  Pin-Out ea Sesebelisoa sa Arria V Files
•  Arria II GX Sesebelisoa sa Pin-Out Files
• Intel Cyclone 10 GX Sesebelisoa sa Pin-Out Files
• Intel Cyclone 10 LP Sesebelisoa sa Pin-Out Files
• Cyclone V Device Pin-Out Files
•  Cyclone IV Device Pin-Out Files
• Cyclone III Sesebelisoa sa Pin-Out Files
• Intel MAX 10 Sesebelisoa sa Pin-Out Files
• Intel Stratix 10 General Purpose I/O Guide User
•  Likarolo tsa I/O ho Lisebelisoa tsa Stratix V
•  Likarolo tsa I / O ho Sesebelisoa sa Stratix IV
•  Lisebelisoa tsa Stratix III tsa I / O
• Likarolo tsa I/O ho Lisebelisoa tsa Stratix V
•  Likarolo tsa I / O ho Sesebelisoa sa Stratix IV
•  Lisebelisoa tsa Stratix III tsa I / O
•  I/O le High Speed ​​I/O ho Intel Arria 10 Devices
•  Likarolo tsa I/O ho Lisebelisoa tsa Arria V
• Likarolo tsa I/O ho Lisebelisoa tsa Arria II
•  I/O le High Speed ​​I/O ho Intel Cyclone 10 GX Devices
•  I/O le High Speed ​​I/O ho Intel Cyclone 10 LP Devices
• Likarolo tsa I/O ho Lisebelisoa tsa Cyclone V
• Likarolo tsa I/O ho Lisebelisoa tsa Cyclone IV
•  Likarolo tsa I/O ho Lelapa la Sesebelisoa sa Cyclone III
• Intel MAX 10 General Purpose I/O Guide User
•  Intel Stratix 10 Device Datasheet
• Lethathamo la lintlha tsa sesebelisoa sa Stratix V
•  DC le Litšobotsi tsa Switching bakeng sa Lisebelisoa tsa Stratix IV
•  Datasheet ea Sesebelisoa sa Stratix III: DC le Litšobotsi tsa Switching
•  Lethathamo la lintlha tsa lisebelisoa tsa Intel Arria 10
•  Lethathamo la lisebelisoa tsa Arria V
• Device Datasheet bakeng sa Arria II Devices
• Intel Cyclone 10 GX Device Datasheet
•  Lethathamo la lintlha tsa lisebelisoa tsa Intel Cyclone 10 LP
•  Leholiotsoana V Device Datasheet
•  Leholiotsoana IV Device Datasheet
• Leholiotsoana III Device Datasheet
• Lethathamo la lintlha tsa lisebelisoa tsa Intel MAX 10

Tšebeliso ea Matla a BLVDS

• Pele o kenya ts'ebetsong moralo oa hau sesebelisoa, sebelisa EPE e thehiloeng ho Excel bakeng sa sesebelisoa se tšehetsoeng seo u se sebelisang ho fumana tekanyo e hakanyetsoang ea tšebeliso ea matla ea BLVDS I/O.
•  Bakeng sa lithapo tsa ho kenya le tse peli, buffer ea ho kenya ea BLVDS e lula e le teng. Buffer ea ho kenya ea BLVDS e sebelisa matla haeba ho na le ts'ebetso ea ho chencha libese (bakeng sa mohlalaample, li-transceiver tse ling li romella le ho amohela data, empa sesebelisoa sa Cyclone III ha se moamoheli ea reretsoeng).
•  Haeba u sebelisa BLVDS e le "buffer ea ho kenya" multidrop kapa e le "bilirectional buffer" lits'ebetsong tse ngata, Intel e khothaletsa ho kenya sekhahla sa toggle se kenyelletsang mesebetsi eohle ea bese, eseng feela mesebetsi e reretsoeng "Intel" BLVDS input buffer.

Example ea BLVDS I/O Keno ea Lintlha ho EPE
Palo ena e bontša ho kena ha BLVDS I/O ho Leholiotsoana III EPE. Bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa I/O ho khetha ho EPE ea lisebelisoa tse ling tsa Intel tse tšehetsoeng, sheba lintlha tse amanang le tsona.Intel e khothalletsa hore u sebelise Intel Quartus Prime Power Analyzer Tool ho etsa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea BLVDS I/O ka mor'a hore u qete moralo oa hau. Sesebelisoa sa Power Analyzer se hakanya matla ho ipapisitsoe le lintlha tse ikhethang tsa moralo ka mor'a hore sebaka le tsela e phetheloe. Sesebelisoa sa Power Analyzer se sebelisa motsoako oa mesebetsi ea mats'oao e kentsoeng ke basebelisi, e nkiloeng ke mosebelisi, le e hakanyetsoang eo, ha e kopantsoe le mefuta e qaqileng ea potoloho, e hlahisang likhakanyo tse nepahetseng haholo tsa matla.
Lintlha Tse Amanang

• Khaolo ea Tlhahlobo ea Matla, Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition Handbook
  E fana ka leseli le eketsehileng mabapi le sesebelisoa sa Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition Power Analyzer bakeng sa malapa a lisebelisoa tsa Intel Stratix 10, Intel Arria 10, le Intel Cyclone 10 GX.
• Khaolo ea Tlhahlobo ea Matla, Intel Quartus Prime Standard Edition Handbook
  E fana ka leseli le eketsehileng mabapi le sesebelisoa sa Intel Quartus Prime Standard Edition Power Analyzer bakeng sa Stratix V, Stratix IV, Stratix III, Arria V, Arria II, Intel Cyclone 10 LP, Cyclone V, Cyclone IV, Cyclone III LS, Cyclone III, le Intel. MAX 10 lisebelisoa malapa.
• Leqephe la Early Power Estimators (EPE) le Power Analyzer
  E fana ka leseli le eketsehileng mabapi le EPE le sesebelisoa sa Intel Quartus Prime Power Analyzer.
• Ho kenya ts'ebetsong Sehokelo sa Bus LVDS ho Malapa a Sesebelisoa sa Intel FPGA a Tšehetsoeng leqepheng la 3
  E thathamisa litekanyetso tsa I/O tseo u ka li khethang ho EPE ho hakanya tšebeliso ea matla ea BLVDS.

BLVDS Design Example
Moqapi exampe u bontša mokhoa oa ho kenya buffer ea BLVDS I/O lisebelisoa tse tšehelitsoeng ka sepheo se akaretsang sa I/O (GPIO) IP cores ho software ea Intel Quartus Prime.

•  Intel Stratix 10, Intel Arria 10, le Intel Cyclone 10 GX lisebelisoa-sebelisa GPIO Intel FPGA IP core.
•  Lisebelisoa tsa Intel MAX 10-sebelisa GPIO Lite Intel FPGA IP ea mantlha.
•  Lisebelisoa tse ling kaofela tse tšehelitsoeng — sebelisa ALTIOBUF IP core.

U ka khoasolla moralo example ho tsoa sehokelong sa litaba tse amanang. Bakeng sa mohlala oa buffer oa BLVDS I/O, Intel e khothaletsa lintho tse latelang:

•  Kenya ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea GPIO IP ka mokhoa oa bidirectional ka mokhoa oa ho fapana o buletsoe.
•  Abela maemo a I/O ho liphini tse peli:
•  BLVDS—Intel Cyclone 10 LP, Cyclone IV, Cyclone III, le lisebelisoa tsa Intel MAX 10.
•  Differential SSTL-2 Class I or Class II—Stratix V, Stratix IV, Stratix III, Arria V, Arria II, le Cyclone V disebediswa.
• Phapang ea SSTL-18 Class I kapa Class II—Intel Stratix 10, Intel Arria 10, le lisebelisoa tsa Intel Cyclone 10 GX.

Ts'ebetso ea Li-Input Buffers Nakong ea Ts'ebetso ea ho Ngola le ho Bala

• Oe port e amohela lets'oao la oe ho tsoa ho mantlha ea sesebelisoa ho nolofalletsa kapa ho tima li-buffer tse nang le pheletso e le 'ngoe.
•  Boloka lets'oao la oe le le tlase ho beha li-buffers tse tsoang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho bala.
•  Mosebetsi oa LE heke ke ho emisa lets'oao le fetisoang ho khutlela mokokotlong oa sesebelisoa. Phapang ea buffer e lula e le teng.

Lintlha Tse Amanang

•  I/O Buffer (ALTIOBUF) IP Core User Guide
•  GPIO IP Core User Guide
•  Litataiso tsa Ts'ebetsong tsa Intel MAX 10 I/O
• Kenyelletso ea Intel FPGA IP Cores
• Moqapi Exampka tlase bakeng sa AN 522

E fana ka moralo oa Intel Quartus Prime exampe sebelisitsoeng molemong ona oa kopo.
Moqapi Example Litaelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa Intel Stratix 10
Mehato ena e sebetsa ho lisebelisoa tsa Intel Stratix 10 feela. Netefatsa hore o sebelisa GPIO Intel FPGA IP core.

1. Theha konokono ea GPIO Intel FPGA IP e ka ts'ehetsang ho kenya letsoho le ho hlahisa buffer:
   • a. Kenya motheo oa GPIO Intel FPGA IP.
   • b. Ho Data Direction, khetha Bidir.
   • c. Ka bophara ba data, kenya 1.
   • d. Bulela Sebelisa buffer e fapaneng.
   • e. Mokhoeng oa Ngoliso, khetha ha ho letho.
2. Hokela li-module le likou tsa ho kenya le ho tsoa joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se latelang:
   Khokahano ea Maemakepe a Kenang le Tse Tsoang Example bakeng sa Intel Stratix 10 Devices
3. Ho Sehlophisi sa Kabelo, abela maemo a nepahetseng a I/O joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong se latelang. U ka boela ua seta matla a hajoale le likhetho tsa sekhahla se bolailoeng. Ho seng joalo, software ea Intel Quartus Prime e nka litlhophiso tsa kamehla.
   Kabelo ea BLVDS I/O ho Intel Quartus Prime Assignment Editor bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa Intel Stratix 10
4. Kopanya le ho etsa papiso e sebetsang ka software ea ModelSim* - Intel FPGA Edition.

Lintlha Tse Amanang

• ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition Software Support
  E fana ka leseli le eketsehileng mabapi le software ea ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition mme e na le likhokahano tse fapaneng tsa lihlooho tse kang ho kenya, ts'ebeliso le tharollo ea mathata.
• Maemo a I/O bakeng sa Sehokelo sa BLVDS ho Lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA leqepheng la 7
  E thathamisa liphini le litekanyetso tsa I/O tseo u ka li abelang ka letsoho ho lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA tse tšehetsoeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa BLVDS.
• Moqapi Exampka tlase bakeng sa AN 522
  E fana ka moralo oa Intel Quartus Prime exampe sebelisitsoeng molemong ona oa kopo.

Moqapi Example Tataiso ea Intel Arria 10 Devices
Mehato ena e sebetsa ho lisebelisoa tsa Intel Arria 10 tse sebelisang Intel Quartus Prime Standard Edition feela. Netefatsa hore o sebelisa GPIO Intel FPGA IP core.

1. Bula StratixV_blvds.qar file ho reka kantle ho moralo oa Stratix V exampe kene ho software ea Intel Quartus Prime Standard Edition.
2. Tsamaisa moralo example ho sebelisa GPIO Intel FPGA IP core:
   • a. Ho menu, khetha Project ➤ Ntlafatsa likarolo tsa IP.
   • b. Tobetsa habeli "ALIOBUF" setsi.
     Fesetere ea MegaWizard Plug-In Manager bakeng sa mantlha ea IP ea ALTIOBUF ea hlaha.
   • c. Koala Match project/default.
   • d. Lelapeng la lisebelisoa tse khethiloeng hajoale, khetha Arria 10.
   • e. Tobetsa Finish ebe o tobetsa Finish hape.
   • f. Ka lebokoseng la puisano le hlahang, tobetsa OK.
     Software ea Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition e etsa ts'ebetso ea ho falla ebe e bonts'a GPIO IP parameter editor.
3. Lokisa GPIO Intel FPGA IP core ho ts'ehetsa ho kenya letsoho ka bobeli le buffer:
   • a. Ho Data Direction, khetha Bidir.
   • b. Ka bophara ba data, kenya 1.
   • c. Bulela Sebelisa buffer e fapaneng.
   • d. Tobetsa Qetella 'me u hlahise setsi sa IP.
4. Hokela li-module le likou tsa ho kenya le ho tsoa joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se latelang:
   Khokahano ea Maemakepe a Kenang le Tse Tsoang Example bakeng sa Intel Arria 10 Devices
5. Ho Sehlophisi sa Kabelo, abela maemo a nepahetseng a I/O joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong se latelang. U ka boela ua seta matla a hajoale le likhetho tsa sekhahla se bolailoeng. Ho seng joalo, software ea Intel Quartus Prime Standard Edition e nka li-setting tsa kamehla bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa Intel Arria 10-Differential SSTL-18 Class I kapa Class II I/O standard.
   Kabelo ea BLVDS I/O ho Intel Quartus Prime Assignment Editor bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa Intel Arria 10Hlokomela:
   Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa Intel Arria 10, u ka khona ho abela libaka tsa p le n pin bakeng sa lipini tsa LVDS ka Assignment Editor.
6. Kopanya le ho etsa papiso e sebetsang ka software ea ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition.

Lintlha Tse Amanang

• ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition Software Support
  E fana ka leseli le eketsehileng mabapi le software ea ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition mme e na le likhokahano tse fapaneng tsa lihlooho tse kang ho kenya, ts'ebeliso le tharollo ea mathata.
• Maemo a I/O bakeng sa Sehokelo sa BLVDS ho Lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA leqepheng la 7
  E thathamisa liphini le litekanyetso tsa I/O tseo u ka li abelang ka letsoho ho lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA tse tšehetsoeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa BLVDS.
• Moqapi Exampka tlase bakeng sa AN 522
  E fana ka moralo oa Intel Quartus Prime exampe sebelisitsoeng molemong ona oa kopo.

Moqapi Example Tataiso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa Intel MAX 10
Mehato ena e sebetsa ho lisebelisoa tsa Intel MAX 10 feela. Netefatsa hore o sebelisa GPIO Lite Intel FPGA IP core.

1. Theha GPIO Lite Intel FPGA IP ea mantlha e ka ts'ehetsang ho kenya letsoho le ho hlahisa buffer:
   • a. Kenya motheo oa GPIO Lite Intel FPGA IP.
   • b. Ho Data Direction, khetha Bidir.
   • c. Ka bophara ba data, kenya 1.
   • d. Bulela Sebelisa buffer ea pseudo differential.
   • e. Ho Register mode, khetha Bypass.
2. Hokela li-module le likou tsa ho kenya le ho tsoa joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se latelang:
    Khokahano ea Maemakepe a Kenang le Tse Tsoang Example bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa Intel MAX 10
3. Ho Sehlophisi sa Kabelo, abela maemo a nepahetseng a I/O joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong se latelang. U ka boela ua seta matla a hajoale le likhetho tsa sekhahla se bolailoeng. Ho seng joalo, software ea Intel Quartus Prime e nka litlhophiso tsa kamehla.
   Kabelo ea BLVDS I/O ho Intel Quartus Prime Assignment Editor bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa Intel MAX 10
4. Kopanya le ho etsa papiso e sebetsang ka software ea ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition.

Lintlha Tse Amanang

• ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition Software Support
  E fana ka leseli le eketsehileng mabapi le software ea ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition mme e na le likhokahano tse fapaneng tsa lihlooho tse kang ho kenya, ts'ebeliso le tharollo ea mathata.
• Maemo a I/O bakeng sa Sehokelo sa BLVDS ho Lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA leqepheng la 7
  E thathamisa liphini le litekanyetso tsa I/O tseo u ka li abelang ka letsoho ho lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA tse tšehetsoeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa BLVDS.
• Moqapi Exampka tlase bakeng sa AN 522
  E fana ka moralo oa Intel Quartus Prime exampe sebelisitsoeng molemong ona oa kopo.

Moqapi Example Tataiso bakeng sa Lisebelisoa Tsohle Tse Tšehetsoeng Ntle le Intel Arria 10, Intel Cyclone 10 GX, le Intel MAX 10

Mehato ena e sebetsa ho lisebelisoa tsohle tse tšehetsoeng ntle le Intel Arria 10, Intel Cyclone 10 GX, le Intel MAX 10. Netefatsa hore u sebelisa ALTIOBUF IP core.

1.  Theha konokono ea IP ea ALTIOBUF e ka ts'ehetsang ho kenya letsoho ka mahlakoreng a mabeli le buffer ea tlhahiso:
   • a. Kenya motheo oa ALTIOBUF IP.
   • b. Hlophisa mojule Joalo ka buffer ea bidirectional.
   • c. Ho Ke palo ea li-buffer tse lokelang ho netefatsoa, ​​kenya 1.
   • d. Bulela Sebelisa mokhoa o fapaneng.
2. Hokela li-module le likou tsa ho kenya le ho tsoa joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se latelang:
    Khokahano ea Maemakepe a Kenang le Tse Tsoang Example bakeng sa Lisebelisoa Tsohle tse Tšehetsoeng Ntle le Intel Arria 10, Intel Cyclone 10 GX, le Intel MAX 10 Devices
3. Ho Sehlophisi sa Kabelo, abela maemo a bohlokoa a I/O joalo ka ha a bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se latelang ho latela sesebelisoa sa hau. U ka boela ua seta matla a hajoale le likhetho tsa sekhahla se bolailoeng. Ho seng joalo, software ea Intel Quartus Prime e nka litlhophiso tsa kamehla.
   • Intel Cyclone 10 LP, Cyclone IV, Cyclone III, le Cyclone III LS lisebelisoa—BLVDS I/O standard to the bidirectional p and n pins joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong se latelang.
   • Lisebelisoa tsa Stratix V, Stratix IV, Stratix III, Arria V, Arria II, le Cyclone V—Differential SSTL-2 Class I or Class II I/O standard.
     BLVDS I/O Kabelo ho Intel Quartus Prime Assignment EditorHlokomela: O ka abela ka bowena dibaka tsa p le n phini bakeng sa sesebediswa se seng le se seng se tsheheditsweng ka Assignment Editor. Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tšehetsoeng le liphini tseo u ka li abelang ka letsoho, sheba lintlha tse amanang le tsona.
4. Kopanya le ho etsa papiso e sebetsang ka software ea ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition.

Example of Functional Simulation Results
Ha lets'oao la oe le tiisitsoe, BLVDS e maemong a ts'ebetso ea ho ngola. Ha lets'oao la oe le hlakotsoe, BLVDS e maemong a ho sebetsa.Hlokomela:
Bakeng sa papiso e sebelisang Verilog HDL, o ka sebelisa blvds_tb.v testbench, e kenyellelitsoeng ho moralo o fapaneng oa ex.ample.
Lintlha Tse Amanang

• ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition Software Support
  E fana ka leseli le eketsehileng mabapi le software ea ModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition mme e na le likhokahano tse fapaneng tsa lihlooho tse kang ho kenya, ts'ebeliso le tharollo ea mathata.
• Maemo a I/O bakeng sa Sehokelo sa BLVDS ho Lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA leqepheng la 7
  E thathamisa liphini le litekanyetso tsa I/O tseo u ka li abelang ka letsoho ho lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA tse tšehetsoeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa BLVDS.
• Moqapi Exampka tlase bakeng sa AN 522
  E fana ka moralo oa Intel Quartus Prime exampe sebelisitsoeng molemong ona oa kopo.

Tlhahlobo ea Ts'ebetso

Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea multipoint BLVDS e bonts'a phello ea ho emisoa ha bese, ho palamisa, litšobotsi tsa mokhanni le moamoheli, le sebaka sa moamoheli ho tsoa ho mokhanni ho sistimi. U ka sebelisa sebopeho se kenyellelitsoeng sa BLVDS exampho sekaseka ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso ea lintlha tse ngata:

•  Cyclone III BLVDS moralo example — moetso ona exampe sebetsa ho letoto la lisebelisoa tsohle tse tšehetsoeng tsa Stratix, Arria, le Cyclone. Bakeng sa lelapa la sesebelisoa sa Intel Arria 10 kapa Intel Cyclone 10 GX, o hloka ho falla moralo oa ex.ampE-ea ho lelapa la lisebelisoa tse amehang pele u ka e sebelisa.
• Intel MAX 10 BLVDS moralo example — moetso ona exampe sebetsa ho lelapa la lisebelisoa tsa Intel MAX 10.
• Intel Stratix 10 BLVDS moralo example — moetso ona exampe sebetsa ho lelapa la sesebelisoa sa Intel Stratix 10.

Hlokomela:
Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea BLVDS ea lintlha tse ngata karolong ena e ipapisitse le ketsiso ea mohlala oa Cyclone III BLVDS input/output buffer information (IBIS) ho HyperLynx*.
Intel e khothaletsa hore u sebelise mefuta ena ea Intel IBIS bakeng sa papiso:

• Sesebediswa sa Stratix III, Stratix IV, le Stratix V—mofuta o kgethehileng wa Differential SSTL-2 IBIS
• Intel Stratix 10, Intel Arria 10(2) le lisebelisoa tsa Intel Cyclone 10 GX:
  •  Bafa ea sephetho—Moetso o fapaneng oa SSTL-18 IBIS
  • Kenoa buffer—mohlala oa LVDS IBIS

Lintlha Tse Amanang

• Intel FPGA IBIS Model leqepheng la
  E fana ka lits'oants'o tsa mefuta ea lisebelisoa tsa Intel FPGA.
•  Moqapi Exampka tlase bakeng sa AN 522
  E fana ka moralo oa Intel Quartus Prime exampe sebelisitsoeng molemong ona oa kopo.

Tlhophiso ea Sistimi

 Multipoint BLVDS le Cyclone III BLVDS Transceivers
Palo ena e bontša moralo oa topology ea lintlha tse ngata e nang le li-transceivers tse leshome tsa Cyclone III BLVDS (tse bitsoang U1 ho ea ho U10).Tsela ea ho tsamaisa libese ho nahanoa hore e na le litšobotsi tse latelang:

•  Mola o hlobolang
•  Sebopeho sa impedance ea 50 Ω
• Bokhoni ba sebopeho sa 3.6 pF ka inch
•  Bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 10
• Mefuta ea Intel Arria 10 IBIS ke ea pele 'me ha e fumanehe mofuteng oa Intel IBIS web leqephe. Haeba o hloka mefuta ena ea pele ea Intel Arria 10 IBIS, ikopanye le Intel.
• Phapang ea libese e ka bang 100 Ω
•  Sebaka pakeng tsa transceiver ka 'ngoe ke 1 inch
• Bese e emisitsoe ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli e nang le RT ea ho emisa

• Matla a ho khanna a 12 mA
• Litlhophiso tsa sekhahla sa butle ka mokhoa oa kamehla
• Bokhoni ba ho penya ba transceiver ka 'ngoe ea 6 pF
•  Stub ho transceiver e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea BLVDS ke 1-inch microstrip ea ts'oaetso ea 50 Ω le bokhoni ba sebopeho sa 3 pF ka inch.
•  Bokhoni ba khokahano (sehokelo, pad, le ka PCB) ea transceiver e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho ea bese e nkoa e le 2 pF.
• Kakaretso ea bokhoni ba mojaro o mong le o mong ke hoo e ka bang 11 pF

Bakeng sa sebaka sa 1-inch mojaro, matla a ajoang a lekana le 11 pF ka inch. Ho fokotsa ho thuisa ho bakoang ke li-stubs, le ho nyenyefatsa matshwao a hlahang
mokhanni, ho na le 50 Ω resistor RS e ts'oanang le XNUMX Ω e behiloe tlhahiso ea transceiver ka 'ngoe.

Pheliso ea Libese
Tšitiso e sebetsang ea bese e tlatsitsoeng ka botlalo ke 52 Ω ha o ka nkela sebaka sa sebopeho sa bese le matla a ajoang ka bolelele ba yuniti ea setup ho equation e sebetsang ea phapang ea impedance. Bakeng sa ho nepahala ha lets'oao, o tlameha ho bapisa RT le 52 Ω. Lipalo tse latelang li bonts'a litlamorao tsa ts'ebetso e ts'oanang, e tlase, le ho felloa ke matla holim'a mofuta o fapaneng oa waveform (VID) ho lithapo tsa moamoheli. Sekhahla sa data ke 100 Mbps. Lipalong tsena, ho felloa ke matla (RT = 25 Ω) ho fella ka ho nahanisisa le ho fokotsa haholo moeli oa lerata. Maemong a mang, tlas'a ho felisoa ho bile ho tlōla moeli oa ho amohela (VTH = ± 100 mV). Ha RT e fetoloa ho 50 Ω, ho na le moeli o moholo oa lerata mabapi le VTH mme ponahatso ha e na thuso.

Phello ea ho Felisoa ha Libese (Mokhanni ho U1, Receiver ho U2)
Palong ena, U1 e sebetsa joalo ka transmitter mme U2 ho ea ho U10 ke baamoheli.

Phello ea ho Felisoa ha Libese (Mokhanni ho U1, Receiver ho U10)
Palong ena, U1 e sebetsa joalo ka transmitter mme U2 ho ea ho U10 ke baamoheli.

Phello ea ho Felisoa ha Libese (Mokhanni ho U5, Receiver ho U6)
Palong ena, U5 ke transmitter 'me ba bang kaofela ke ba amohelang.

Phello ea ho Felisoa ha Libese (Mokhanni ho U5, Receiver ho U10)
Palong ena, U5 ke transmitter 'me ba bang kaofela ke ba amohelang.Boemo bo lekanyelitsoeng ba mokhanni le moamoheli beseng le bona bo ama boleng ba matšoao a amoheloang. Mokhanni ea haufi le mokhanni o ba le phello e mpe ka ho fetisisa ea mohala oa phetisetso hobane sebakeng sena, sekhahla sa moeli ke sona se potlakileng haholo. Sena se mpefala le ho feta ha mokhanni a le bohareng ba bese.
Bakeng sa mohlalaample, bapisa setšoantšo sa 16 leqepheng la 20 le Setšoantšo sa 18 leqepheng la 21. VID ho seamoheli U6 (mokhanni ho U5) e bontša molumo o moholo ho feta oa moamoheli U2 (mokhanni oa U1). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lebelo la moeli le fokotseha ha moamoheli a le hole le mokhanni. Nako e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea ho phahama e tlalehiloeng ke 1.14 ns le mokhanni ea teng ka lehlakoreng le leng la bese (U1) le moamoheli ka lehlakoreng le leng (U10).

Stub Length
Bolelele ba stub e telele ha bo ekelle feela nako ea sefofane ho tloha ho mokhanni ho ea ho moamoheli, empa hape ho fella ka matla a maholo a mojaro, a bakang ponahatso e kholoanyane.

Phello ea ho eketsa Bolelele ba Stub (Mokhanni ho U1, Receiver ho U10)
Palo ena e bapisa VID ho U10 ha bolelele ba stub bo eketseha ho tloha ho lisenthimithara tse peli ho isa ho tse peli 'me mokhanni a le ho U1.

Ho felisoa ha Stub
O tlameha ho ts'oants'a ts'ebetso ea mokhanni le sebopeho sa stub impedance. Ho beha letoto la li-remination resistor RS ho sephetho sa mokhanni ho fokotsa haholo phello e mpe ea phetisetso e bakoang ke li-stub tse telele le lebelo le potlakileng. Ho phaella moo, RS e ka fetoloa ho fokotsa VID ho finyella se boleloang ke moamoheli.

Phello ea ho Felisoa ha Stub (Mokhanni ho U1, Receiver ho U2 le U10)
Palo ena e bapisa VID ho U2 le U10 ha U1 e fetisa.

Sekhahla sa Mokhanni oa Slew
Sekhahla sa ho bolaea ka potlako se thusa ho ntlafatsa nako ea ho phahama, haholo-holo ho motho ea amohelang hole le mokhanni. Leha ho le joalo, lebelo le potlakileng la ho bolaea le lona le phahamisa molumo ka lebaka la ho thuisa.

Phello ea Sekhahla sa Driver Edge (Mokhanni ho U1, Receiver ho U2 le U10)
Palo ena e bonts'a sekhahla sa lebelo la mokhanni. Papiso e etsoa lipakeng tsa lebelo le butle le le potlakileng le matla a koloi a 12 mA. Mokhanni o ho U1 mme mefuta e fapaneng ea maqhubu ho U2 le U10 ea hlahlojoa.

Kakaretso ea Ts'ebetso ea Sisteme

Sekhahla se phahameng ka ho fetisisa sa data se tšehetsoeng ke multipoint BLVDS se khethoa ka ho sheba setšoantšo sa leihlo la moamoheli oa hole ho tsoa ho mokhanni. Sebakeng sena, lets'oao le fetisoang le na le lebelo le liehang ho feta 'me le ama ho bula mahlo. Le hoja boleng ba lets'oao le amoheloang le sepheo sa moeli oa lerata li itšetlehile ka lits'ebetso, ho buleha ha mahlo ho pharaletseng ho molemo. Leha ho le joalo, o tlameha ho hlahloba le moamoheli ea haufi le mokhanni, hobane litlamorao tsa mohala oa phetisetso li mpefala haholo haeba moamoheli a le haufi le mokhanni.
Setšoantšo sa 23. Setšoantšo sa Leihlo ho 400 Mbps (Mokhanni ho U1, Receiver ho U2 le U10)
Palo ena e bontša litšoantšo tsa mahlo ho U2 (mokokotlo o mofubelu) le U10 (mokokotlo o moputsoa) bakeng sa sekhahla sa data ho 400 Mbps. jitter e sa fetoheng ea 1% ea nako ea yuniti e nahanoa papisong. Mokhanni o ho U1 ka matla a hona joale a kamehla le litlhophiso tsa sekhahla sa ho bolaea. Bese e tletse ka botlalo RT = 50 Ω. Pula ea mahlo e nyane ka ho fetisisa e ho U10, e hole le U1. Bophahamo ba mahlo sampe etelletsoeng pele ka nako ea yuniti ea 0.5 ke 692 mV le 543 mV bakeng sa U2 le U10, ka ho latellana. Ho na le moeli o moholo oa lerata mabapi le VTH = ± 100 mV bakeng sa linyeoe tseo ka bobeli.

Nalane ea Tokomane ea Tokomane bakeng sa AN 522: Ho kenya tšebetsong Sehokelo sa Bus LVDS ho Malapa a Sesebelisoa sa Intel FPGA

Litokomane / Lisebelisoa

intel AN 522 e Kenyelletsang Sehokelo sa Bese LVDS ho Malapa a Tšehetsoeng a Sesebelisoa sa FPGA [pdf] Bukana ea Mosebelisi AN 522 E Sebelisang Sehokelo sa Bus LVDS ho Malapa a Sesebediswa sa FPGA a Tsheheditsweng, AN 522, Sehokelo sa Bus LVDS se Tshehetswang ho Malapa a Sesebediswa sa FPGA, Sehokelo ho Malapa a Sesebediswa a Tsheheditsweng a FPGA, Malapa a Sesebediswa sa FPGA

Litšupiso

• Bukana ea Mosebelisi