i-intel AN 522 yokuSebenzisa iBus LVDS isiNxulumano kwiSixhobo seFPGA esiXhaswayo kwiiNtsapho

I-LVDS yebhasi (i-BLVDS) yandisa isakhono se-LVDS yonxibelelwano lwe-point-to-point kuqwalaselo lwamanqaku amaninzi. I-Multipoint BLVDS inikezela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo kwii-multipoint backplane izicelo.

Inkxaso yokuPhunyezwa kwe-BLVDS kwizixhobo ze-Intel FPGA

Unokwenza ujongano lwe-BLVDS kwezi zixhobo ze-Intel usebenzisa imigangatho ye-I/O edwelisiweyo.

Phawula:
Amandla okuqhuba anokucwangciswa kunye neempawu zezinga lokubulala kwezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba wenze inkqubo yakho yeengongoma ezininzi ukuze usebenze kakhulu. Ukumisela izinga eliphezulu ledatha exhaswayo, yenza ukulinganisa okanye umlinganiselo ngokusekelwe kucwangciso lwakho lwenkqubo ethile kunye nesicelo.
BLVDS Ngaphezuluview kwiphepha 4
Itekhnoloji ye-BLVDS kwiZixhobo ze-Intel kwiphepha lesi-6
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-BLVDS kwiphepha lesi-9
I-BLVDS Design Exampkwiphepha le-10
Uhlalutyo Lwentsebenzo kwiphepha le-17
Imbali yoHlaziyo loXwebhu lwe-AN 522: Ukusebenzisa i-Bus LVDS Interface kwi-Intel FPGA yeSixhobo esiXhaswayo kwiiNtsapho kwiphepha lama-25
Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo
ImiGangatho ye-I/O ye-BLVDS Interface kwi-Intel FPGA Devices kwiphepha lesi-7

BLVDS Ngaphezuluview

Inkqubo eqhelekileyo ye-multipoint BLVDS iquka inani lee-transmitter kunye ne-receiver pairs (i-transceivers) eziqhagamshelwe ebhasini.
Ii-BLVDS ezininziUlungelelwaniso kumzobo owandulelayo lubonelela ngonxibelelwano oluphindwe kabini lwesiqingatha se-duplex ngelixa unciphisa ukuxinana koqhagamshelwano. Nayiphi na i-transceiver ingathatha indima ye-transmitter, kunye ne-transceivers eseleyo esebenza njengabamkeli (isinye kuphela isidluliseli esinokusebenza ngexesha). Ulawulo lwezithuthi zebhasi, mhlawumbi ngeprotocol okanye isisombululo sehardware ngokuqhelekileyo siyafuneka ukunqanda ingxabano yabaqhubi ebhasini. Ukusebenza kwe-multipoint BLVDS kuchaphazeleka kakhulu ngokulayishwa kwe-capacitive kunye nokupheliswa kwibhasi.
Iingqwalasela zoyilo
Uyilo olulungileyo lwe-multipoint kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo umthwalo we-capacitive kunye nokupheliswa kwibhasi ukufumana imfezeko yophawu olungcono. Unokunciphisa umthamo womthwalo ngokukhetha i-transceiver ene-pin capacitance ephantsi, isinxibelelanisi esine-capacitance ephantsi, kunye nokugcina ubude be-stub bufutshane. Enye yeengqwalasela yoyilo lwe-BLVDS yolwahlulo olusebenzayo kukuthintelwa okusebenzayo kwebhasi egcwele ngokupheleleyo, ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengothintelo olusebenzayo, kunye nokulibaziseka kosasazo ngebhasi. Olunye uqwalaselo loyilo lwe-BLVDS oluninzi lubandakanya ukungaphumeleli kokhuseleko, uhlobo lwesinxibelelanisi kunye ne-pin-out, uyilo lokulandela umkhondo webhasi yePCB, kunye neenkcukacha zomda womqhubi.
Impedance esebenzayo
I-impedance esebenzayo ixhomekeke kwi-bus trace impedans impedance i-Zo kunye nokulayishwa kwe-capacitive ebhasini. Izihlanganisi, i-stub kwikhadi leplagi-in, ukupakishwa, kunye ne-receiver input capacitance zonke zinegalelo ekulayisheni okunamandla, okunciphisa i-impedance esebenzayo yebhasi.
Inxaki 1. Esebenzayo Umahluko Imedance Equation
Sebenzisa le nxaki ukuqikelela umahluko osebenzayo wothintelo lwebhasi elayishiweyo (Zeff).Apho:

• I-Zdiff (Ω) ≈ 2 × Zo = i-impedance yeempawu ezahlukileyo zebhasi
•  I-Co (pF/intshi) = umthamo weempawu ngobude beyunithi yebhasi
• CL (pF) = amandla omthwalo ngamnye
•  N = inani lemithwalo ebhasini
•  H (intshi) = d × N = ubude obupheleleyo bebhasi
•  d (intshi) = isithuba phakathi kwekhadi ngalinye leplagi
•  Cd (pF/intshi) = CL/d = umthamo osasaziweyo ngobude beyunithi kwibhasi

Ukunyuswa komthamo womthwalo okanye isithuba esikufutshane phakathi kwamakhadi eplagi kunciphisa i-impedance esebenzayo. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-transceiver ye-capacitance ephantsi kunye nekhonkco. Gcina ubude bestub somamkeli ngamnye phakathi kwesidibanisi kunye ne-transceiver ye-I/O pin mfutshane kangangoko.
I-Impedans esebenzayo eQhelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-Cd/Co
Eli nani libonisa iziphumo zesakhono esisasaziweyo kwi-impedance esebenzayo eqhelekileyo.Ukupheliswa kuyafuneka ekupheleni kwebhasi, ngelixa idatha ihamba ngeendlela zombini. Ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kunye nokukhala kwibhasi, kufuneka ufanise isichasi sokuphelisa kwi-impedance esebenzayo. Kwinkqubo eneCd / Co = 3, i-impedance esebenzayo yi-0.5 amaxesha e-Zdiff. Ngokuyeka kabini kwibhasi, umqhubi ubona umthwalo olinganayo we-0.25 amaxesha e-Zdiff; kwaye ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ujingi lwemiqondiso kunye nokwahlula umda wengxolo kuwo wonke amagalelo abamkeli (ukuba kusetyenziswa umqhubi weLVDS oqhelekileyo). Umqhubi we-BLVDS ujongana nalo mbandela ngokunyusa i-drive yangoku ukufezekisa umthamo ofanayotage swing kumagalelo omamkeli.
Ukulibaziseka kokusasaza
Ukulibaziseka kokusasazwa (tPD = Zo × Co) lixesha lokulibaziseka ngomgca wothumelo ngobude beyunithi. Kuxhomekeke kwi-impedance yeempawu kunye neempawu
amandla ebhasi.
Ukulibaziseka kokusasazwa okusebenzayo
Ngebhasi elayishiweyo, ungabala ukulibaziseka kosasazo olusebenzayo ngale nxaki. Ungabala ixesha lokuba umqondiso usasaze ukusuka kumqhubi A ukuya kumamkeli B njenge-tPDEFF × ubude bomgca phakathi komqhubi A kunye nomamkeli B.

Itekhnoloji ye-BLVDS kwizixhobo ze-Intel

Kwizixhobo ze-Intel ezixhaswayo, i-interface ye-BLVDS ixhaswa kuwo nawuphi na umqolo okanye ikholamu I / iibhanki ezixhaswa yi-VCCIO ye-1.8 V (i-Intel Arria 10 kunye ne-Intel Cyclone 10 GX izixhobo) okanye i-2.5 V (ezinye izixhobo ezixhaswayo). Kwezi bhanki ze-I/O, ujongano luxhaswa kwiiphini ze-I/O kodwa hayi kwigalelo lewotshi enikezelweyo okanye izikhonkwane zokuphuma kwewotshi. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-Intel Arria 10 kunye ne-Intel Cyclone 10 GX izixhobo, ujongano lwe-BLVDS luxhaswa kwizikhonkwane zewotshi ezinikezelweyo ezisetyenziswa njenge-I/Os jikelele.

•  Isidluliseli se-BLVDS sisebenzisa ii-buffers ezimbini ezinesiphelo esinye kunye nesithinteli semveliso sesibini esicwangciswe njengeguqulweyo.
•  Umamkeli we-BLVDS usebenzisa isithinteli sokufaka esizinikeleyo seLVDS.

BLVDS I/O Buffers kwizixhobo ezixhaswayoSebenzisa igalelo elahlukileyo okanye izithinteli zemveliso ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesicelo:

• Usetyenziso lwe-Multidrop-sebenzisa igalelo okanye isithinteli semveliso ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni isixhobo senzelwe umqhubi okanye umsebenzi womamkeli.
• I-Multipoint application-imveliso ye-buffer kunye ne-input buffer yabelana ngezikhonkwane ze-I/O ezifanayo. Ufuna imveliso yenza (oe) isignali yokuchaza kathathu isithinteli se-LVDS xa singathumeli zimpawu.
•  Sukwenza ukupheliswa kothotho lwe-on-chip (RS OCT) yesikhuseli semveliso.
• Sebenzisa izichasi zangaphandle kwizithinteli zemveliso ukubonelela ngokudibana kwe-impedance kwi-stub kwikhadi leplagi.
• Musa ukwenza i-on-chip differential termination (RD OCT) ye-different input buffer kuba ukupheliswa kwebhasi ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa izichasi zokuphelisa zangaphandle kuzo zombini iziphelo zebhasi.

Imigangatho ye-I/O ye-BLVDS Interface kwi-Intel FPGA Devices
Unokuphumeza ujongano lwe-BLVDS usebenzisa imigangatho ye-I/O efanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zamandla zangoku zezixhobo ze-Intel ezixhaswayo.
Umgangatho we-I / O kunye neNkxaso yeNkxaso ye-BLVDS Interface kwiiDevices ze-Intel ezixhaswayo

1.  I-DIFFIO_TX pin ayixhasi abamkeli bokwenyani bokwahluka kweLVDS.

Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe, jonga kumaxwebhu esixhobo afanelekileyo njengoko zidweliswe kwicandelo lolwazi olunxulumeneyo:

• Ngolwazi lwe-asayinimenti ye-pin, jonga kwi-pin-out yesixhobo files.
• Ngeempawu zemigangatho ye-I/O, jonga kwisahluko sencwadi yesixhobo se-I/O.
•  Ngeenkcukacha zombane, jonga kwidatha yedatha yesixhobo okanye i-DC kunye noxwebhu lweempawu zokutshintsha.

Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo

•  Intel Stratix 10 Pin-Out Files
•  Stratix V Pin-Out Files
• I-Stratix IV Pin-Out Files
•  Stratix III Isixhobo Pin-Out Files
•  Intel Arria 10 Isixhobo Pin-Out Files
•  Isixhobo se-Arria V Pin-Out Files
•  Arria II GX Isixhobo Pin-Out Files
• Intel Cyclone 10 GX Isixhobo Pin-Out Files
• Intel Cyclone 10 LP Isixhobo Pin-Out Files
• I-Cyclone V Device Pin-Out Files
•  I-Cyclone IV Device Pin-Out Files
• I-Cyclone III Device Pin-Out Files
• Intel MAX 10 Isixhobo Pin-Out Files
• I-Intel Stratix ye-10 yeNjongo ngokubanzi ye-I/O Isikhokelo soMsebenzisi
•  Iimpawu ze-I/O kwizixhobo ze-Stratix V
•  Iimpawu ze-I / O kwi-Stratix IV Isixhobo
•  Iimpawu ze-Stratix III zesixhobo se-I/O
• Iimpawu ze-I/O kwizixhobo ze-Stratix V
•  Iimpawu ze-I / O kwi-Stratix IV Isixhobo
•  Iimpawu ze-Stratix III zesixhobo se-I/O
•  I / O kunye ne-Speed ​​​​High Speed ​​I / O kwi-Intel Arria 10 Devices
•  Iimpawu ze-I/O kwizixhobo zeArria V
• Iimpawu ze-I / O kwizixhobo ze-Arria II
•  I/O kunye ne-Speed ​​​​Speed ​​I/O kwi-Intel Cyclone 10 GX Devices
•  I / O kunye ne-Speed ​​​​Speed ​​I / O kwi-Intel Cyclone 10 LP Devices
• Iimpawu ze-I/O kwi-Cyclone V Devices
• Iimpawu ze-I / O kwiCyclone IV Devices
•  Iimpawu ze-I / O kwi-Cyclone III Device Family
• Intel MAX 10 Injongo ngokubanzi I/O Isikhokelo somsebenzisi
•  Intel Stratix 10 Device Datasheet
• Icwecwe leDatha yeSixhobo ye-Stratix V
•  I-DC kunye noTshintsho lweempawu ze-Stratix IV izixhobo
•  I-Datasheet yesiXhobo ye-Stratix III: i-DC kunye neempawu zoTshintsho
•  Intel Arria 10 Device Datasheet
•  Arria V Device Datasheet
• Device Datasheet for Arria II Devices
• Intel Cyclone 10 GX Device Datasheet
•  Intel Cyclone 10 LP Device Datasheet
•  I-Cyclone V Device Datasheet
•  I-Cyclone IV Device Datasheet
• I-Cyclone III Device Datasheet
• Intel MAX 10 Device Datasheet

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-BLVDS

• Ngaphambi kokuphumeza uyilo lwakho kwisixhobo, sebenzisa i-Excel-based EPE kwisixhobo esixhaswayo osisebenzisayo ukufumana ubungakanani obuqikelelweyo be-BLVDS I/O yokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
•  Kwizikhonkwane zegalelo kunye ne-bidirectional, i-BLVDS input buffer ihlala ivuliwe. Isithinteli segalelo le-BLVDS sisebenzisa amandla ukuba kukho umsebenzi wokutshintsha ebhasini (ngokomzekeloample, ezinye ii-transceivers zithumela kwaye zifumana idatha, kodwa isixhobo se-Cyclone III ayingomamkeli ocetywayo).
•  Ukuba usebenzisa i-BLVDS njengesithinteli segalelo kwi-multidrop okanye njengesithinteli se-bidirectional kwizicelo ezininzi, i-Intel icebisa ukuba ufake ireyithi yokuguqula equka yonke imisebenzi ebhasini, ingeyiyo nje imisebenzi elungiselelwe isixhobo se-Intel se-BLVDS sokufaka isithinteli.

Example ye-BLVDS I/O yokuNgena kweDatha kwi-EPE
Eli nani libonisa ukungena kwe-BLVDS I/O kwiNkanyamba III EPE. Kwimigangatho ye-I/O yokukhetha kwi-EPE yezinye izixhobo ze-Intel ezixhaswayo, bhekisa kulwazi olunxulumeneyo.I-Intel icebisa ukuba usebenzise i-Intel Quartus Prime Power Analyzer Tool ukwenza uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwe-BLVDS I/O emva kokuba ugqibe uyilo lwakho. Isixhobo sokuHlalutya saMandla siqikelela amandla ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zoyilo emva kokuba indawo kunye nendlela igqityiwe. Isixhobo sokuHlalutya Amandla sisebenzisa indibaniselwano yomsebenzisi-engeniswayo, ukulinganisa, kunye nemisebenzi yesignali eqikelelweyo ethi, idityaniswe nemodeli yesekethe eneenkcukacha, ivelise uqikelelo lwamandla oluchanekileyo.
Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo

• Isahluko sohlalutyo lwamandla, i-Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition Handbook
  Ibonelela ngolwazi olungakumbi malunga ne-Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition Power Analyzer isixhobo se-Intel Stratix 10, i-Intel Arria 10, kunye ne-Intel Cyclone 10 yeentsapho ze-GX.
• Isahluko sohlalutyo lwamandla, i-Intel Quartus Prime Standard Edition Handbook
  Ibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-Intel Quartus Prime Standard Standard Edition Power Analyzer isixhobo se-Stratix V, Stratix IV, Stratix III, Arria V, Arria II, Intel Cyclone 10 LP, Cyclone V, Cyclone IV, Cyclone III LS, Cyclone III, kunye ne-Intel MAX 10 izixhobo iintsapho.
• I-Early Power Estimators (EPE) kunye nephepha le-Power Analyzer
  Ibonelela ngolwazi olungakumbi malunga ne-EPE kunye nesixhobo se-Intel Quartus Prime Power Analyzer.
• Ukusebenzisa iBus LVDS Interface kwiiNtsapho zeSixhobo ze-Intel FPGA kwiphepha lesi-3
  Udwelisa imigangatho ye-I/O yokukhetha kwi-EPE ukuqikelela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-BLVDS.

I-BLVDS Design Example
Uyilo example ikubonisa indlela yokumisela i-BLVDS I/O buffer kwizixhobo ezixhaswayo ezinenjongo ngokubanzi efanelekileyo I/O (GPIO) iicores ze-IP kwi-Intel Quartus Prime software.

•  I-Intel Stratix 10, i-Intel Arria 10, kunye ne-Intel Cyclone 10 izixhobo ze-GX-sebenzisa i-GPIO Intel FPGA IP core.
•  Intel MAX 10 izixhobo-sebenzisa GPIO Lite Intel FPGA IP core.
•  Zonke ezinye izixhobo ezixhaswayo-sebenzisa i-ALTIOBUF IP core.

Uyakwazi ukukhuphela uyilo example kwikhonkco kulwazi olunxulumeneyo. Kumzekelo we-BLVDS I/O buffer, i-Intel icebisa ezi zinto zilandelayo:

•  Phumeza undoqo we-GPIO IP kwimowudi ye-bidirectional kunye nemo yokwahlukana evuliwe.
•  Yabela umgangatho we-I/O kwizikhonkwane zeendlela ezimbini:
•  I-BLVDS-Intel Cyclone 10 LP, Cyclone IV, Cyclone III, kunye ne-Intel MAX 10 izixhobo.
•  I-Differential SSTL-2 I-Class I okanye i-Class II-Stratix V, i-Stratix IV, i-Stratix III, i-Arria V, i-Arria II, kunye ne-Cyclone V izixhobo.
• I-Differential SSTL-18 Class I okanye iClass II-Intel Stratix 10, Intel Arria 10, kunye ne-Intel Cyclone 10 GX izixhobo.

Igalelo okanye i-Output Buffers Operations Ngexesha lokuBhala nokuFunda imisebenzi

• Izibuko le-o lifumana umqondiso we-o ukusuka kumbindi wesixhobo ukwenza okanye ukuvala izithinteli zemveliso eziphela-nye.
•  Gcina umqondiso we-o uphantsi ukuze uchaze kathathu isithinteli semveliso ngexesha lokufunda.
•  Umsebenzi we-AND wesango kukumisa isignali egqithisiweyo ekubuyeleni kumbindi wesixhobo. Isithinteli sokufaka umahluko sisoloko sivuliwe.

Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo

•  I/O Buffer (ALTIOBUF) IP Core User Guide
•  Isikhokelo somsebenzisi weGPIO IP Core
•  Intel MAX 10 I/O Izikhokelo zokuSebenzisa
• Intshayelelo kwi-Intel FPGA IP Cores
• Uyilo Eksampngaphantsi kwe-AN 522

Ibonelela ngoyilo lwe-Intel Quartus Prime exampisetyenziswa kancinci kweli nqaku lesicelo.
Uyilo Eksample Izikhokelo Intel Stratix 10 Devices
La manyathelo asebenzayo kwi-Intel Stratix 10 izixhobo kuphela. Qinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa GPIO Intel FPGA IP core.

1. Yenza i-GPIO Intel FPGA IP engundoqo enokuxhasa igalelo le-bidirectional kunye ne-buffer yemveliso:
   • a. Qinisekisa GPIO Intel FPGA IP core.
   • b. KuMkhombandlela weDatha, khetha i-Bidir.
   • c. Kububanzi beDatha, faka u-1.
   • d. Layita Sebenzisa isithinteli esahlukileyo.
   • e. Kwimo yokubhalisa, khetha akukho nanye.
2. Qhagamshela iimodyuli kunye negalelo kunye nemveliso yamazibuko njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo:
   UQhagamshelwano lwamazibuko eZiphumayo kunye neZiphumo Example for Intel Stratix 10 Devices
3. KuMhleli weSabelo, yabela umgangatho we-I/O ofanelekileyo njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo. Ungaphinda usete amandla angoku kunye neenketho zereyithi yokubulala. Ngaphandle koko, isoftware ye-Intel Quartus Prime ithatha useto olungagqibekanga.
   Isabelo se-BLVDS I/O kwi-Intel Quartus Prime Assignment Editor ye-Intel Stratix 10 Devices
4. Qokelela kwaye wenze ukulinganisa okusebenzayo kunye neModelSim * -Isoftware ye-Intel FPGA Edition.

Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo

• IModelSim-Intel FPGA Edition Software Support
  Ibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neModelSim – Intel FPGA Edition software kwaye iqulathe amakhonkco ahlukeneyo kwizihloko ezinjengofakelo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulungisa iingxaki.
• ImiGangatho ye-I/O ye-BLVDS Interface kwi-Intel FPGA Devices kwiphepha lesi-7
  Udwelisa izikhonkwane kunye nemigangatho ye-I/O onokuyinika ngesandla kwizixhobo ezixhaswayo ze-Intel FPGA kwizicelo ze-BLVDS.
• Uyilo Eksampngaphantsi kwe-AN 522
  Ibonelela ngoyilo lwe-Intel Quartus Prime exampisetyenziswa kancinci kweli nqaku lesicelo.

Uyilo Eksample Izikhokelo Intel Arria 10 Devices
La manyathelo asebenzayo kwi-Intel Arria 10 izixhobo usebenzisa i-Intel Quartus Prime Standard Edition kuphela. Qinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa GPIO Intel FPGA IP core.

1. Vula iStratixV_blvds.qar file ukungenisa ngaphandle uyilo lwe Stratix V example kwisoftware ye-Intel Quartus Prime Standard Edition.
2. Fuduka uyilo example ukusebenzisa i-GPIO Intel FPGA IP engundoqo:
   • a. Kwimenyu, khetha iProjekthi ➤ Phucula i-IP Components.
   • b. Cofa kabini into ethi "ALIOBUF".
     Ifestile yeMegaWizard Plug-In Manager ye-ALTIOBUF IP core iyavela.
   • c. Cima iprojekthi yomdlalo/ehlala ikho.
   • d. Kusapho lwesixhobo esikhethiweyo ngoku, khetha iArria 10.
   • e. Cofa Gqiba kwaye emva koko ucofe Gqiba kwakhona.
   • f. Kwibhokisi yencoko yababini evelayo, cofa u-Kulungile.
     Isoftware ye-Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition yenza inkqubo yokufuduka kwaye emva koko ibonisa umhleli weparamitha ye-GPIO IP.
3. Qwalasela undoqo we-GPIO Intel FPGA IP ukuxhasa igalelo le-bidirectional kunye ne-output buffer:
   • a. KuMkhombandlela weDatha, khetha i-Bidir.
   • b. Kububanzi beDatha, faka u-1.
   • c. Layita Sebenzisa isithinteli esahlukileyo.
   • d. Cofa kuGqiba kwaye uvelise i-IP engundoqo.
4. Qhagamshela iimodyuli kunye negalelo kunye nemveliso yamazibuko njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo:
   UQhagamshelwano lwamazibuko eZiphumayo kunye neZiphumo Example kuba Intel Arria 10 Devices
5. KuMhleli weSabelo, yabela umgangatho we-I/O ofanelekileyo njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo. Ungaphinda usete amandla angoku kunye neenketho zereyithi yokubulala. Ngaphandle koko, i-software ye-Intel Quartus Prime Standard Edition ithatha iisetingi ezingagqibekanga ze-Intel Arria izixhobo ezili-10-Ukwahluka kwe-SSTL-18 Class I okanye i-Class II I / O standard.
   Isabelo se-BLVDS I/O kwi-Intel Quartus Prime Assignment Editor ye-Intel Arria 10 DevicesPhawula:
   Kwizixhobo ze-Intel Arria ezili-10, unako ukwabela indawo zombini ze-p kunye ne-n pin ye-LVDS izikhonkwane ngoMhleli weSabelo.
6. Qokelela kwaye wenze ukulinganisa okusebenzayo kunye neModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition software.

Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo

• IModelSim-Intel FPGA Edition Software Support
  Ibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neModelSim – Intel FPGA Edition software kwaye iqulathe amakhonkco ahlukeneyo kwizihloko ezinjengofakelo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulungisa iingxaki.
• ImiGangatho ye-I/O ye-BLVDS Interface kwi-Intel FPGA Devices kwiphepha lesi-7
  Udwelisa izikhonkwane kunye nemigangatho ye-I/O onokuyinika ngesandla kwizixhobo ezixhaswayo ze-Intel FPGA kwizicelo ze-BLVDS.
• Uyilo Eksampngaphantsi kwe-AN 522
  Ibonelela ngoyilo lwe-Intel Quartus Prime exampisetyenziswa kancinci kweli nqaku lesicelo.

Uyilo Eksample Izikhokelo Intel MAX 10 Devices
La manyathelo asebenzayo kwi-Intel MAX 10 izixhobo kuphela. Qinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa GPIO Lite Intel FPGA IP core.

1. Yenza i-GPIO Lite Intel FPGA IP engundoqo enokuxhasa igalelo le-bidirectional kunye ne-buffer yemveliso:
   • a. Qinisekisa i-GPIO Lite Intel FPGA IP engundoqo.
   • b. KuMkhombandlela weDatha, khetha i-Bidir.
   • c. Kububanzi beDatha, faka u-1.
   • d. Layita Sebenzisa i-pseudo differential buffer.
   • e. Kwimo yokubhalisa, khetha u-Bypass.
2. Qhagamshela iimodyuli kunye negalelo kunye nemveliso yamazibuko njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo:
    UQhagamshelwano lwamazibuko eZiphumayo kunye neZiphumo Example for Intel MAX 10 Devices
3. KuMhleli weSabelo, yabela umgangatho we-I/O ofanelekileyo njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo. Ungaphinda usete amandla angoku kunye neenketho zereyithi yokubulala. Ngaphandle koko, isoftware ye-Intel Quartus Prime ithatha useto olungagqibekanga.
   Isabelo se-BLVDS I/O kwi-Intel Quartus Prime Assignment Editor ye-Intel MAX 10 yezixhobo
4. Qokelela kwaye wenze ukulinganisa okusebenzayo kunye neModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition software.

Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo

• IModelSim-Intel FPGA Edition Software Support
  Ibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neModelSim – Intel FPGA Edition software kwaye iqulathe amakhonkco ahlukeneyo kwizihloko ezinjengofakelo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulungisa iingxaki.
• ImiGangatho ye-I/O ye-BLVDS Interface kwi-Intel FPGA Devices kwiphepha lesi-7
  Udwelisa izikhonkwane kunye nemigangatho ye-I/O onokuyinika ngesandla kwizixhobo ezixhaswayo ze-Intel FPGA kwizicelo ze-BLVDS.
• Uyilo Eksampngaphantsi kwe-AN 522
  Ibonelela ngoyilo lwe-Intel Quartus Prime exampisetyenziswa kancinci kweli nqaku lesicelo.

Uyilo Eksample Izikhokelo kuzo zonke izixhobo ezixhaswayo Ngaphandle kwe-Intel Arria 10, i-Intel Cyclone 10 GX, kunye ne-Intel MAX 10

La manyathelo asebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo ezixhaswayo ngaphandle kwe-Intel Arria 10, i-Intel Cyclone 10 GX, kunye ne-Intel MAX 10. Qinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa i-ALTIOBUF IP core.

1.  Yenza undoqo we-ALTIOBUF we-IP onokuxhasa igalelo le-bidirectional kunye ne-buffer yemveliso:
   • a. Qinisekisa i-ALTIOBUF IP core.
   • b. Qwalasela imodyuli Njengesithinteli sokuphinda-phindwe kabini.
   • c. KwiLithini inani lezithinteli eziza kuqinisekiswa, faka u-1.
   • d. Layita Sebenzisa imowudi yokwahlula.
2. Qhagamshela iimodyuli kunye negalelo kunye nemveliso yamazibuko njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo:
    UQhagamshelwano lwamazibuko eZiphumayo kunye neZiphumo Example kuzo zonke izixhobo ezixhaswayo ngaphandle kwe-Intel Arria 10, i-Intel Cyclone 10 GX, kunye ne-Intel MAX 10 yezixhobo
3. KuMhleli weSabelo, yabela umgangatho we-I/O ofanelekileyo njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo ulandelayo ngokwesixhobo sakho. Ungaphinda usete amandla angoku kunye neenketho zereyithi yokubulala. Ngaphandle koko, isoftware ye-Intel Quartus Prime ithatha useto olungagqibekanga.
   • I-Intel Cyclone 10 LP, i-Cyclone IV, i-Cyclone III, kunye ne-Cyclone III LS izixhobo-i-BLVDS I / O esemgangathweni ukuya kwi-bidirectional p kunye nezikhonkwane ze-n njengoko kuboniswe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo.
   • I-Stratix V, i-Stratix IV, i-Stratix III, i-Arria V, i-Arria II, kunye nezixhobo ze-Cyclone V-Ukwahlukana kwe-SSTL-2 I-Class I okanye i-Class II I / O standard.
     Isabelo se-BLVDS I/O kuMhleli weSabelo we-Intel Quartus oyiNkulumbusoPhawula: Uyakwazi ukunika ngesandla zombini iindawo ze-p kunye ne-n kwisixhobo ngasinye esixhaswayo ngoMhleli weSabelo. Ngezixhobo ezixhaswayo kunye nezikhonkwane onokuthi uzinike ngesandla, bhekisa kulwazi olunxulumeneyo.
4. Qokelela kwaye wenze ukulinganisa okusebenzayo kunye neModelSim - Intel FPGA Edition software.

Example leZiphumo zokulinganisa eziSebenzayo
Xa uphawu lwe-o lubasiwe, i-BLVDS ikwimowudi yokusebenza yokubhala. Xa isignali ye-o isusiwe, i-BLVDS ikwimowudi yokusebenza yokufunda.Phawula:
Ukulinganisa usebenzisa i-Verilog HDL, ungasebenzisa i-blvds_tb.v testbench, ebandakanyiweyo kuyilo oluhambelanayo ex.ample.
Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo

• IModelSim-Intel FPGA Edition Software Support
  Ibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neModelSim – Intel FPGA Edition software kwaye iqulathe amakhonkco ahlukeneyo kwizihloko ezinjengofakelo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulungisa iingxaki.
• ImiGangatho ye-I/O ye-BLVDS Interface kwi-Intel FPGA Devices kwiphepha lesi-7
  Udwelisa izikhonkwane kunye nemigangatho ye-I/O onokuyinika ngesandla kwizixhobo ezixhaswayo ze-Intel FPGA kwizicelo ze-BLVDS.
• Uyilo Eksampngaphantsi kwe-AN 522
  Ibonelela ngoyilo lwe-Intel Quartus Prime exampisetyenziswa kancinci kweli nqaku lesicelo.

Uhlalutyo lweNtsebenzo

Uhlalutyo lwentsebenzo ye-multipoint BLVDS lubonisa impembelelo yokupheliswa kwebhasi, ukulayishwa, umqhubi kunye neempawu zomamkeli, kunye nendawo yomamkeli ovela kumqhubi kwinkqubo. Ungasebenzisa i-BLVDS yoyilo exampukuhlalutya ukusebenza kwesicelo se-multipoint:

•  I-Cyclone III BLVDS yoyilo example-le yoyilo example iyasebenza kuzo zonke ezixhaswayo iStratix, iArria, kunye nothotho lwesixhobo seCyclone. Kwi-Intel Arria 10 okanye i-Intel Cyclone 10 usapho lwesixhobo se-GX, kufuneka ufudukele kwi-design ex.ample kusapho lwesixhobo esifanelekileyo kuqala phambi kokuba uyisebenzise.
• Intel MAX 10 BLVDS uyilo example-le yoyilo example iyasebenza Intel MAX 10 usapho isixhobo.
• Intel Stratix 10 BLVDS uyilo example-le yoyilo exampLe iyasebenza kwi-Intel Stratix 10 usapho lwesixhobo.

Phawula:
Uhlalutyo lwentsebenzo ye-BLVDS yamanqaku amaninzi kweli candelo lusekelwe kwi-Cyclone III BLVDS igalelo / i-output buffer information specification (IBIS) imodeli yokulinganisa kwi-HyperLynx*.
I-Intel icebisa ukuba usebenzise le mifuziselo ye-Intel IBIS yokulinganisa:

• I-Stratix III, i-Stratix IV, kunye ne-Stratix V izixhobo-isixhobo esithe ngqo Umahluko we-SSTL-2 imodeli ye-IBIS
• Intel Stratix 10, Intel Arria 10(2) kunye ne-Intel Cyclone 10 GX izixhobo:
  •  Isithinteli semveliso-Umahluko wemodeli ye-SSTL-18 IBIS
  • Isithinteli sokufaka—imodeli ye-LVDS IBIS

Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo

• Intel FPGA IBIS Model iphepha
  Ibonelela ngokukhutshelwa kweemodeli zesixhobo ze-Intel FPGA.
•  Uyilo Eksampngaphantsi kwe-AN 522
  Ibonelela ngoyilo lwe-Intel Quartus Prime exampisetyenziswa kancinci kweli nqaku lesicelo.

Ukuseta inkqubo

 Ii-BLVDS ezininzi ezine-Cyclone III BLVDS Transceivers
Eli nani libonisa iskimu se-multipoint topology eneshumi le-Cyclone III BLVDS transceivers (ebizwa ngokuba yi-U1 ukuya kwi-U10).Umgca wothumelo lwebhasi kucingwa ukuba unezi mpawu zilandelayo:

•  Umgca wemigca
•  Ukuphazamiseka kophawu lwe-50 Ω
• Umthamo weempawu ze-3.6 pF nge-intshi nganye
•  Ubude bee-intshi ezili-10
• Iimodeli ze-Intel Arria ezili-10 ze-IBIS zizinto zokuqala kwaye azifumaneki kwimodeli ye-Intel IBIS web iphepha. Ukuba ufuna le mifuziselo ye-Intel Arria 10 ye-IBIS, qhagamshelana ne-Intel.
• Umehluko wophawu lwebhasi malunga ne-100 Ω
•  Isithuba phakathi kwe-transceiver nganye ye-intshi e-1
• Ibhasi iyekisiwe kuzo zozibini iziphelo ngokupheliswa kwe-RT

• Amandla okuqhuba amiselweyo yi-12 mA
• Useto lwesantya esicothayo ngokungagqibekanga
• I-Pin capacitance ye-transceiver nganye ye-6 pF
•  I-Stub kwi-transceiver nganye ye-BLVDS yi-1-intshi ye-microstrip ye-impedance yeempawu ze-50 Ω kunye nomthamo weempawu ze-3 pF nge-intshi nganye.
•  Amandla onxibelelwano (ikhonkco, iphedi, kunye ne-PCB) ye-transceiver nganye kwibhasi ithathwa njenge-2 pF.
• Umthamo opheleleyo womthwalo ngamnye umalunga ne-11 pF

Kwisithuba somthwalo we-intshi ye-1, i-capacitance esasazwayo ilingana ne-11 pF nge-intshi nganye. Ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa okubangelwa yi-stubs, kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu eziphumayo
umqhubi, i-impedance ehambelana ne-50 Ω resistor RS ibekwe kwimveliso ye-transceiver nganye.

Ukupheliswa kweebhasi
Uthintelo olusebenzayo lwebhasi elayishwe ngokupheleleyo ngama-52 Ω ukuba ufaka endaweni yophawu lwebhasi kunye nomthamo osasaziweyo ngobude beyunithi yokuseta kwi-equation yokwahlukana yokwahlukana okusebenzayo. Ukuze ufumane imfezeko yophawu oluphezulu, kufuneka uthelekise i-RT ukuya kuma-52 Ω. La manani alandelayo abonisa imiphumo ehambelanayo-, ngaphantsi, kunye nokupheliswa kwe-wave-wave umahluko (VID) kwi-receiver input pins. Izinga ledatha yi-100 Mbps. Kule manani, ukupheliswa phantsi (RT = 25 Ω) kubangela ukubonakaliswa kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu umda wengxolo. Kwezinye iimeko, phantsi kokupheliswa kude kuphule umda wommkeli (VTH = ± 100 mV). Xa i-RT iguqulwa ibe yi-50 Ω, kukho i-margin yengxolo enkulu ngokumalunga ne-VTH kwaye umboniso awuhoywa.

Isiphumo sokuyekiswa kwebhasi (Umqhubi kwi-U1, uMamkeli kwi-U2)
Kulo mzobo, i-U1 isebenza njenge-transmitter kwaye i-U2 ukuya kwi-U10 ngabamkeli.

Isiphumo sokuyekiswa kwebhasi (Umqhubi kwi-U1, uMamkeli kwi-U10)
Kulo mzobo, i-U1 isebenza njenge-transmitter kwaye i-U2 ukuya kwi-U10 ngabamkeli.

Isiphumo sokuyekiswa kwebhasi (Umqhubi kwi-U5, uMamkeli kwi-U6)
Kulo mzobo, i-U5 sisidluliseli kwaye abanye ngabamkeli.

Isiphumo sokuyekiswa kwebhasi (Umqhubi kwi-U5, uMamkeli kwi-U10)
Kulo mzobo, i-U5 sisidluliseli kwaye abanye ngabamkeli.Isikhundla esihambelanayo somqhubi kunye nommkeli kwibhasi kwakhona kuchaphazela umgangatho womqondiso ofunyenweyo. Oyena mamkeli ukufutshane kumqhubi ufumana eyona mpembelelo imbi yelayini yothumelo kuba kule ndawo, isantya somphetho sesona sikhawulezayo. Oku kwenziwa kubi ngakumbi xa umqhubi ephakathi ebhasini.
Umzekeloample, thelekisa uMfanekiso 16 kwiphepha lama-20 kunye noMfanekiso 18 kwiphepha lama-21. I-VID kwi-receiver U6 (umqhubi kwi-U5) ibonisa ukukhala okukhulu kunoko kumamkeli u-U2 (umqhubi we-U1). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lomda liyancipha xa umamkeli ehlala kude nomqhubi. Ixesha elikhulu lokunyuka elirekhodiweyo yi-1.14 ns kunye nomqhubi obekwe kwelinye icala lebhasi (U1) kunye nommkeli kwelinye icala (U10).

Ubude beStub
Ubude obude be-stub abuyikwandisa kuphela ixesha lokuhamba ukusuka kumqhubi ukuya kummkeli, kodwa kubangele umthamo omkhulu womthwalo, obangela ukubonakaliswa okukhulu.

Isiphumo Sokunyusa Ubude beStub (Umqhubi kwi-U1, uMamkeli kwi-U10)
Eli nani lithelekisa i-VID kwi-U10 xa ubude be-stub bunyuswa ukusuka kwi-intshi enye ukuya kwii-intshi ezimbini kwaye umqhubi use-U1.

Ukupheliswa kweStub
Kuya kufuneka utshatise i-impedance yomqhubi kunye ne-stub character impedance. Ukubeka uthotho lokuphelisa i-RS kwimveliso yomqhubi kunciphisa kakhulu isiphumo somgca wothumelo olubi olubangelwa yi-stub ende kunye nesantya somphetho okhawulezayo. Ukongeza, i-RS inokutshintshwa ukuze ithintele i-VID ukuhlangabezana neenkcukacha zomamkeli.

Isiphumo Sokupheliswa kweStub (Umqhubi kwi-U1, uMamkeli kwi-U2 kunye ne-U10)
Eli nani lithelekisa i-VID kwi-U2 kunye ne-U10 xa i-U1 ihambisa.

Ireyithi yokubulala umqhubi
Izinga lokubulala ngokukhawuleza linceda ekuphuculeni ixesha lokunyuka, ngakumbi kumamkeli akude kumqhubi. Nangona kunjalo, isantya esikhawulezayo sokubulala sikwakhulisa ukukhala ngenxa yokubonakalisa.

Isiphumo soMda woMda woMqhubi (Umqhubi kwi-U1, uMmkeli kwi-U2 kunye ne-U10)
Lo mzobo ubonisa umphumo wesantya somqhubi. Uthelekiso lwenziwa phakathi kwesantya esicothayo nesikhawulezayo sokubulala nge-12 mA yamandla okuqhuba. Umqhubi use-U1 kwaye ulwahlulo lwamaza e-U2 kunye ne-U10 luyavavanywa.

Ukusebenza kweNkqubo iyonke

Ireyithi ephezulu yedatha exhaswa yi-BLVDS ye-multipoint igqitywe ngokujonga umzobo weliso loyena mntu wamkela kude kumqhubi. Kule ndawo, isignali egqithisiweyo inesantya esicothayo somphetho kwaye ichaphazela ukuvulwa kwamehlo. Nangona umgangatho wesignali efunyenweyo kunye nenjongo yomgca wengxolo ixhomekeke kwizicelo, ukuvulwa kwamehlo kubanzi, kungcono. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kwakhona ujonge umamkeli okufutshane kumqhubi, kuba iziphumo zentambo yothumelo zithande ukuba mbi ukuba umamkeli ubekwe kufutshane nomqhubi.
Umzobo 23. Umzobo wamehlo kwi-400 Mbps (Umqhubi kwi-U1, uMmkeli kwi-U2 kunye ne-U10)
Lo mfanekiso ubonisa imizobo yamehlo kwi-U2 (ijika elibomvu) kunye ne-U10 (ijika eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) kwireyithi yedatha kwi-400 Mbps. Ijitha engaqhelekanga ye-1% yexesha leyunithi ithathwa kukulinganisa. Umqhubi uku-U1 ngamandla akhoyo angagqibekanga kunye noseto lwezinga lokubulala. Ibhasi ilayishwe ngokupheleleyo ngeyona RT = 50 Ω. Okona kuvula kwamehlo kuncinci kuku-U10, ekumgama we-U1. Ukuphakama kwamehlo sampikhokelwa kwisithuba seyunithi ye-0.5 yi-692 mV kunye ne-543 mV ye-U2 kunye ne-U10, ngokulandelelanayo. Kukho ingxolo enkulu ngokumalunga ne-VTH = ± 100 mV kuzo zombini iimeko.

Imbali yoHlaziyo loXwebhu lwe-AN 522: Ukusebenzisa i-Bus LVDS Interface kwiiNtsapho zeSixhobo ze-Intel FPGA

Amaxwebhu / Izibonelelo

i-intel AN 522 yokuSebenzisa iBus LVDS isiNxulumano kwiSixhobo seFPGA esiXhaswayo kwiiNtsapho [pdf] Isikhokelo somsebenzisi I-AN 522 yokuSebenzisa iBus LVDS isiNxulumaniso kwiiNtsapho zeSixhobo zeFPGA eziXhasiweyo, i-AN 522, iBus LVDS isiNxulumaniso kwiFamilie yeSixhobo seFPGA esiXhasiweyo, isiNxulumano kwiFamily yeSixhobo seFPGA esiXhasiweyo, iiNtsapho zesiXhobo seFPGA

Iimbekiselo

• Incwadi yokusebenzisa