ATERA DDR2 SDRAM Masu Gudanarwa

Muhimman Bayanai

Altera® DDR, DDR2, da DDR3 SDRAM Masu Gudanarwa tare da ALTMEMPHY IP suna ba da sauƙaƙan musaya zuwa DDR, DDR2, da DDR3 SDRAM na masana'antu. ALTMEMPHY megafunction shine mu'amala tsakanin mai sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kuma yana aiwatar da karantawa da rubuta ayyuka zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. DDR, DDR2, da DDR3 SDRAM Masu Gudanarwa tare da ALTMEMPHY IP suna aiki tare da Altera ALTMEMPHY megafunction.
DDR da DDR2 SDRAM Controllers tare da ALTMEMPHY IP da ALTMEMPHY megafunction suna ba da cikakken ƙimar ko rabin adadin DDR da DDR2 SDRAM. DDR, DDR3, da DDR3 SDRAM Controllers tare da ALTMEMPHY IP suna ba da babban mai sarrafa kayan aiki II (HPC II), wanda ke ba da ingantaccen aiki da fasali na ci gaba. Hoto na 2-3 yana nuna zane-zane na matakin tsarin ciki har da tsohonampda top-level file cewa DDR, DDR2, ko DDR3 SDRAM Controller tare da ALTMEMPHY IP ya ƙirƙira muku.

Hoto na 15-1. Tsarin-Matakin Tsari

Bayani ga Hoto na 15-1:
(1) Lokacin da kuka zaɓi Instantiate DLL A Waje, madaidaicin kulle-kulle (DLL) yana nan take a wajen megafunction ALTMEMPHY.

MegaWizard™ Manajan Plug-In yana haifar da tsohonampda top-level file, wanda ya ƙunshi wani exampLe direban, da DDR, DDR2, ko DDR3 SDRAM babban mai sarrafawa bambancin al'ada. Mai sarrafa yana ɗaukar misalin ALTMEMPHY megafunction wanda hakanan yana ɗaukar madaidaicin madaidaicin lokaci (PLL) da DLL. Hakanan zaka iya kunna DLL a wajen ALTMEMPHY megafunction don raba DLL tsakanin al'amuran da yawa na ALTMEMPHY megafunction. Ba za ku iya raba PLL tsakanin al'amura da yawa na ALTMEMPHY megafunction ba, amma kuna iya raba wasu daga cikin abubuwan agogon PLL tsakanin waɗannan lokuta da yawa.

© 2012 Altera Corporation. An kiyaye duk haƙƙoƙi. ALTERA, ARRIA, CYCLONE, HARDCOPY, MAX, MEGACORE, NIOS, QUARTUS da STRATIX kalmomi da tambura alamun kasuwanci ne na Kamfanin Altera kuma an yi rajista a Ofishin Alamar kasuwanci ta Amurka da wasu ƙasashe. Duk sauran kalmomi da tambura da aka gano azaman alamun kasuwanci ko alamun sabis mallakin masu riƙe su ne kamar yadda aka bayyana a www.altera.com/common/legal.html. Altera yana ba da garantin aiwatar da samfuran semiconductor ɗin sa zuwa ƙayyadaddun bayanai na yanzu daidai da daidaitaccen garanti na Altera, amma yana da haƙƙin yin canje-canje ga kowane samfuri da sabis a kowane lokaci ba tare da sanarwa ba. Altera ba ya ɗaukar wani nauyi ko alhaki da ya taso daga aikace-aikacen ko amfani da kowane bayani, samfur, ko sabis da aka bayyana a nan sai dai kamar yadda Altera ya yarda da shi a rubuce. Ana shawarci abokan cinikin Altera su sami sabon sigar ƙayyadaddun na'urar kafin dogaro da kowane bayanan da aka buga kuma kafin yin oda don samfur ko ayyuka.

The exampda top-level file tsari ne mai cikakken aiki wanda zaku iya kwaikwaya, hadawa, da amfani dashi cikin kayan masarufi. The example driver module ne mai gwada kansa wanda ke ba da umarni karantawa da rubuta umarni ga mai sarrafawa da bincika bayanan karanta don samar da fas ɗin ko kasawa, da gwada cikakkun sigina.
AlTMEMPHY megafunction yana ƙirƙirar hanyar bayanai tsakanin na'urar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da mai sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Ana samun megafunction azaman samfur na tsaye ko za'a iya amfani dashi tare da babban mai sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na Altera.
Lokacin amfani da megafunction ALTMEMPHY azaman samfur na tsaye, yi amfani da ko dai na al'ada ko masu kulawa na ɓangare na uku.

Don sababbin ƙira, Altera yana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar waje ta tushen UniPHY, kamar masu sarrafa DDR2 da DDR3 SDRAM tare da UniPHY, QDR II da QDR II+ SRAM masu kula da UniPHY, ko RLDRAM II mai sarrafawa tare da UniPHY.

Bayanin Saki

Tebur 15-1 yana ba da bayani game da wannan sakin na DDR3 SDRAM Controller tare da ALTMEMPHY IP.

Tebur 15–1. Bayanin Saki

Abu	Bayani
Sigar	11.1
Ranar Saki	Nuwamba 2011
Lambobin oda	IP-SDRAM/HPDDR (DDR SDRAM HPC) IP-SDRAM/HPDDR2 (DDR2 SDRAM HPC) IP-HPMCII (HPC II)
ID na samfur	00BE (DDR SDRAM) 00BF (DDR2 SDRAM) 00C2 (DDR3 SDRAM) 00CO (ALTMEMPHY Megafunction)
ID mai siyarwa	6AF7

Altera yana tabbatar da cewa nau'in software na Quartus® II na yanzu yana tattara sigar baya na kowane aikin MegaCore. Bayanan Sakin Laburaren IP na MegaCore da Errata suna ba da rahoton keɓantawa ga wannan tabbaci. Altera baya tabbatar da haɗawa tare da nau'ikan aikin MegaCore waɗanda suka girmi saki ɗaya. Don bayani game da batutuwa akan DDR, DDR2, ko DDR3 SDRAM babban mai sarrafa ayyuka da ALTMEMPHY megafunction a cikin wani nau'in Quartus II na musamman, koma zuwa Bayanan Sakin Software na Quartus II.

Tallafin Iyali na Na'ura

Shafin 15-2 yana bayyana matakan tallafin na'urar don Altera IP cores.

Tebur 15-2. Matakan Tallafin Na'urar Altera IP Core

Iyalan Na'urar FPGA	Iyalan Na'urar HardCopy
Taimakon farko- An tabbatar da asalin IP ɗin tare da ƙirar lokaci na farko don dangin wannan na'urar. Babban IP ɗin ya cika duk buƙatun aiki, amma har yanzu ana iya yin nazarin lokaci don dangin na'urar. Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin ƙirar samarwa tare da taka tsantsan.	Abokin HardCopy-An tabbatar da asalin IP ɗin tare da ƙirar lokaci na farko don na'urar abokin haɗin Hard Copy. Babban IP ɗin ya cika duk buƙatun aiki, amma har yanzu ana iya yin nazarin lokaci don dangin na'urar HardCopy. Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin ƙirar samarwa tare da taka tsantsan.
Taimakon ƙarshe- An tabbatar da asalin IP ɗin tare da ƙirar lokaci na ƙarshe don dangin wannan na'urar. Babban IP ɗin yana saduwa da duk buƙatun aiki da lokaci don dangin na'urar kuma ana iya amfani dashi a ƙirar samarwa.	HardCopy Compilation-An tabbatar da asalin IP ɗin tare da ƙirar lokaci na ƙarshe don dangin na'urar HardCopy. Babban IP ɗin yana saduwa da duk buƙatun aiki da lokaci don dangin na'urar kuma ana iya amfani dashi a ƙirar samarwa.

Tebur 15–3 yana nuna matakin tallafin da DDR, DDR2, da DDR3 SDRAM Controllers ke bayarwa tare da ALTMEMPHY IP don iyalai na na'urar Altera.

Tebur 15-3. Tallafin Iyali na Na'ura

Iyalin Na'ura	Yarjejeniya
	DDR ya da DDR2	DDR3
Arria® GX	Karshe	Babu tallafi
Arria II GX	Karshe	Karshe
Cyclone® III	Karshe	Babu tallafi
Cyclone III LS	Karshe	Babu tallafi
Cyclone IV E	Karshe	Babu tallafi
Cyclone IV GX	Karshe	Babu tallafi
HardCopy II	Koma zuwa Abin da ke sabo a cikin Altera IP shafi na Altera website.	Babu tallafi
Stratix® II	Karshe	Babu tallafi
Stratix II GX	Karshe	Babu tallafi
Sauran iyalai na na'ura	Babu tallafi	Babu tallafi

Siffofin

ALTMEMPHY Megafunction

Tebur 15-4 yana taƙaita goyan bayan fasalin maɓalli don megafunction ALTMEMPHY.

Tebur 15-4. ALTMEMPHY Megafunction Feature Support

Siffar	DDR ya da DDR2	DDR3
Goyon bayan Altera PHY Interface (AFI) akan duk na'urori masu tallafi.	✓	✓
Daidaitawar farko ta atomatik ta kawar da ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdigan bayanai masu rikitarwa.	✓	✓
Voltage da yanayin zafin jiki (VT) wanda ke ba da garantin mafi girman aiki ga DDR, DDR2, da DDR3 SDRAM musaya.	✓	✓
Hannun bayanan da ke ƙunshe da kai wanda ke yin haɗi zuwa mai sarrafa Altera ko mai kula da wani ɓangare na uku mai zaman kansa daga mahimman hanyoyin lokaci.	✓	✓
Cikakkun dubawar ƙima	✓	—
Ƙididdigar rabin ƙimar kuɗi	✓	✓
Editan siga mai sauƙin amfani	✓	✓

Bugu da kari, ALTMEMPHY megafunction yana goyan bayan abubuwan DDR3 SDRAM ba tare da daidaitawa ba:

• ALTMEMPHY megafunction yana goyan bayan abubuwan DDR3 SDRAM ba tare da daidaitawa don na'urorin Arria II GX ta amfani da T-topology don agogo, adireshin, da bas ɗin umarni:
  • Yana goyan bayan zaɓin guntu da yawa.
• DDR3 SDRAM PHY ba tare da matakin fMAX shine 400 MHz don zaɓin guntu ɗaya ba.
• Babu goyan bayan fil ɗin-mask (DM) don ×4 DDR3 SDRAM DIMMs ko abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, don haka zaɓi A'a don fitilun DM na FPGA lokacin amfani da na'urorin ×4.
• ALTMEMPHY megafunction yana goyan bayan musaya na DDR3 SDRAM rabin-rabi kawai.

Babban Mai Gudanarwa II

Tebur 15–5 yana taƙaita mahimmin tallafin fasalin ga DDR, DDR2, da DDR3 SDRAM HPC II.

Tebur 15-5. Tallafin fasali (Sashe na 1 na 2)

Siffar	DDR ya da DDR2	DDR3
Mai sarrafa rabin ƙimar	✓	✓
Taimakawa ga AFI ALTMEMPHY	✓	✓
Taimakawa ga Avalon®Memory Mapped (Avalon-MM) dubawar gida	✓	✓

Tebur 15-5. Tallafin fasali (Sashe na 2 na 2)

Siffar	DDR ya da DDR2	DDR3
Tsaftace umarni na duba gaban sarrafa banki tare da karantawa da rubutu cikin tsari	✓	✓
Ƙara jinkiri	✓	✓
Taimako don tsayin fashe Avalon na sabani	✓	✓
Gina mai sassauƙan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar fashe adaftan	✓	✓
Taswirar adireshin gida-zuwa-Memory mai daidaitawa	✓	✓
Saitin lokacin gudu na zaɓi na girman da saitunan rijistar yanayi, da lokacin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya	✓	✓
Sashe na array mai sabunta kai (PASR)	✓	✓
Goyon bayan na'urorin DDR3 SDRAM na masana'antu	✓	✓
Taimako na zaɓi don umarnin sabunta kai	✓	✓
Taimako na zaɓi don umarnin saukar da wutar lantarki mai sarrafa mai amfani	✓	✓
Taimako na zaɓi don umarnin saukar da wutar lantarki ta atomatik tare da ƙarewar lokaci	✓	✓
Taimako na zaɓi don karanta precharge ta atomatik da umarnin rubuta precharge ta atomatik	✓	✓
Taimako na zaɓi don sabunta mai sarrafa mai amfani	✓	✓
Rarraba agogon mai sarrafawa da yawa na zaɓi a cikin SOPC Builder Flow	✓	✓
Haɗe-haɗen gyaran kurakurai (ECC) aikin 72-bit	✓	✓
Haɗin aikin ECC, 16, 24, da 40-bit	✓	✓
Taimako don rubuta ɓangaren kalma tare da zaɓi na gyara kuskuren atomatik	✓	✓
SOPC Builder yana shirye
Taimako don kimantawar OpenCore Plus	✓	✓
Samfuran simintin aikin IP don amfani a cikin VHDL mai goyan bayan Altera da na'urar kwaikwayo ta Verilog HDL	✓	✓

Bayanan kula ga Tebur 15-5:

1. HPC II tana goyan bayan ƙimar latency ƙari mafi girma ko daidai da tRCD-1, a cikin naúrar zagayowar agogo (tCK).
2. Wannan fasalin ba shi da goyan bayan DDR3 SDRAM tare da daidaitawa.

Siffofin da ba su da tallafi

Tebur 15-6 yana taƙaita fasalulluka marasa goyan baya don mu'amalar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar waje ta tushen ALTMEMPHY na Altera.

Tebur 15-6. Siffofin da ba su da tallafi

Ka'idar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya	Siffar da ba a so
DDR ya da DDR2 SDRAM	Simulation na lokaci
	Tsawon fashewar 2
	Fashe ɓangarori da fashe marasa daidaituwa a cikin ECC da yanayin mara ECC lokacin da aka kashe fil ɗin DM
DDR3 SDRAM	Simulation na lokaci
	Fashe ɓangarori da fashe marasa daidaituwa a cikin ECC da yanayin mara ECC lokacin da aka kashe fil ɗin DM
	Stratix III da Stratix IV
	DIMM goyon baya
	Cikakkun musaya masu ƙima

Tabbatar da MegaCore

Altera yana yin bazuwar gwaje-gwajen da aka ba da umarni tare da kewayon gwajin aiki ta amfani da ƙirar Denali na masana'antu don tabbatar da ayyukan DDR, DDR2, da DDR3 SDRAM Controllers tare da ALTMEMPHY IP.

Amfani da Albarkatu

Wannan sashe yana ba da bayanan amfani na yau da kullun don masu kula da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na waje tare da ALTMEMPHY don iyalai masu goyan bayan na'ura. An bayar da wannan bayanin a matsayin jagora kawai; don ainihin bayanan amfani da albarkatu, yakamata ku samar da ainihin IP ɗin ku kuma koma zuwa rahotannin da software na Quartus II ke samarwa.
Tebur 15-7 yana nuna bayanan amfani da albarkatu don ALTMEMPHY megafunction, da DDR3 babban mai sarrafa kayan aiki II don na'urorin Arria II GX.

Tebur 15-7. Amfani da Albarkatu a Na'urorin Arria II GX (Sashe na 1 na 2)

Yarjejeniya	Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya Nisa (Bits)	Haɗuwa ALUTS	Hankali Masu yin rijista	Mem ALUTs	M9K Toshewa	M144K Toshewa	Member y (Bits)
Mai sarrafawa
DDR3 (Rabin ƙimar)	8	1,883	1,505	10	2	0	4,352
	16	1,893	1,505	10	4	0	8,704
	64	1,946	1,521	18	15	0	34,560
	72	1,950	1,505	10	17	0	39,168

Tebur 15-7. Amfani da Albarkatu a Na'urorin Arria II GX (Sashe na 2 na 2)

Yarjejeniya	Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya Nisa (Bits)	Haɗuwa ALUTS	Hankali Masu yin rijista	Mem ALUTs	M9K Toshewa	M144K Toshewa	Member y (Bits)
Mai sarrafawa+PHY
DDR3 (Rabin ƙimar)	8	3,389	2,760	12	4	0	4,672
	16	3,457	2,856	12	7	0	9,280
	64	3,793	3,696	20	24	0	36,672
	72	3,878	3,818	12	26	0	41,536

Tebur 15-8 yana nuna bayanan amfani da albarkatu don mai sarrafa babban aiki na DDR2 da mai sarrafawa tare da PHY, don jeri-rabi da cikakken ƙimar na'urorin Arria II GX.

Tebur 15-8. Amfani da Albarkatun DDR2 a cikin Na'urorin Arria II GX

Yarjejeniya	Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya Nisa (Bits)	Haɗuwa ALUTS	Hankali Masu yin rijista	Mem ALUTs	M9K Toshewa	M144K Toshewa	Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (Bits)
Mai sarrafawa
DDR2 (Rabin ƙimar)	8	1,971	1,547	10	2	0	4,352
	16	1,973	1,547	10	4	0	8,704
	64	2,028	1,563	18	15	0	34,560
	72	2,044	1,547	10	17	0	39,168
DDR2 (Cikakken ƙimar)	8	2,007	1,565	10	2	0	2,176
	16	2,013	1,565	10	2	0	4,352
	64	2,022	1,565	10	8	0	17,408
	72	2,025	1,565	10	9	0	19,584
Mai sarrafawa+PHY
DDR2 (Rabin ƙimar)	8	3,481	2,722	12	4	0	4,672
	16	3,545	2,862	12	7	0	9,280
	64	3,891	3,704	20	24	0	36,672
	72	3,984	3,827	12	26	0	41,536
DDR2 (Cikakken ƙimar)	8	3,337	2,568	29	2	0	2,176
	16	3,356	2,558	11	4	0	4,928
	64	3,423	2,836	31	12	0	19,200
	72	3,445	2,827	11	14	0	21,952

Tebur 15-9 yana nuna bayanan amfani da albarkatu don DDR2 babban mai sarrafa ayyuka da mai sarrafawa tare da PHY, don jeri-rabi da cikakken ƙimar na'urorin Cyclone III.

Tebur 15-9. Amfani da Albarkatun DDR2 a cikin Na'urorin Cyclone III

Yarjejeniya	Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya Nisa (Bits)	Hankali Masu yin rijista	Kwayoyin dabaru	Tubalan M9K	Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (Bits)
Mai sarrafawa
DDR2 (Rabin ƙimar)	8	1,513	3,015	4	4,464
	16	1,513	3,034	6	8,816
	64	1,513	3,082	18	34,928
	72	1,513	3,076	19	39,280
DDR2 (Cikakken ƙimar)	8	1,531	3,059	4	2,288
	16	1,531	3,108	4	4,464
	64	1,531	3,134	10	17,520
	72	1,531	3,119	11	19,696
Mai sarrafawa+PHY
DDR2 (Rabin ƙimar)	8	2,737	5,131	6	4,784
	16	2,915	5,351	9	9,392
	64	3,969	6,564	27	37,040
	72	4,143	6,786	28	41,648
DDR2 (Cikakken ƙimar)	8	2,418	4,763	6	2,576
	16	2,499	4,919	6	5,008
	64	2,957	5,505	15	19,600
	72	3,034	5,608	16	22,032

Abubuwan Bukatun Tsarin

Mai kula da DDR3 SDRAM tare da ALTMEMPHY IP wani yanki ne na MegaCore IP Library, wanda aka rarraba tare da software na Quartus II kuma ana iya saukewa daga Altera. website, www.altera.com.

Don buƙatun tsarin da umarnin shigarwa, koma zuwa Altera Software Installation & License.

Shigarwa da lasisi

Hoto 15-2 yana nuna tsarin tsarin bayan kun shigar da DDR3 SDRAM Controller tare da ALTMEMPHY IP, inda shine jagorar shigarwa. Tsohuwar adireshin shigarwa akan Windows shine c:\altera\ ; akan Linux shine /opt/altera .

Hoto na 15-2. Tsarin Jagora

Kuna buƙatar lasisi don aikin MegaCore kawai lokacin da kuka gamsu da aikin sa da aikinsa, kuma kuna son ɗaukar ƙirar ku don samarwa.
Don amfani da DDR3 SDRAM HPC, kuna iya buƙatar lasisi file daga Altera web saiti a www.altera.com/license kuma shigar da shi a kan kwamfutarka. Lokacin da kake buƙatar lasisi file, Altera ya aika maka da lasisi.dat file. Idan baku da damar Intanet, tuntuɓi wakilin ku na gida.
Don amfani da DDR3 SDRAM HPC II, tuntuɓi wakilin tallace-tallace na gida don yin odar lasisi.

Ƙimar Kyauta

Altera's OpenCore Plus fasalin kimantawa yana aiki ne kawai ga DDR3 SDRAM HPC. Tare da fasalin ƙimar OpenCore Plus, zaku iya aiwatar da ayyuka masu zuwa:

• Yi kwaikwayon halayen megafunction (aikin Altera MegaCore ko AMPPSM megafunction) a cikin tsarin ku.
• Tabbatar da aikin ƙirar ku, da kuma kimanta girmansa da saurin sa cikin sauri da sauƙi.
• Ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen na'ura mai iyakance lokaci files don ƙira waɗanda suka haɗa da ayyukan MegaCore.
• Shirya na'ura kuma tabbatar da ƙirar ku a cikin kayan aiki.

Kuna buƙatar siyan lasisi don megafunction kawai lokacin da kuka gamsu da aikin sa da aikinsa, kuma kuna son ɗaukar ƙirar ku don samarwa.

BudeCore Plus Halayen Lokaci-Kashe

Ƙimar kayan aikin OpenCore Plus na iya tallafawa hanyoyin aiki guda biyu masu zuwa:

• Untethered — zane yana gudana na ɗan lokaci kaɗan
• Haɗe-yana buƙatar haɗi tsakanin allonku da kwamfutar mai ɗaukar hoto. Idan yanayin da aka haɗa yana da goyan bayan duk megafunctions a cikin ƙira, na'urar zata iya aiki na dogon lokaci ko har abada.

Duk megafunctions a cikin na'urar lokacin ƙarewa a lokaci guda lokacin da mafi ƙarancin lokacin kimantawa ya kai. Idan akwai megafunction fiye da ɗaya a cikin ƙira, takamaiman aikin mega na ƙayyadaddun halayen lokacin ƙarewa na iya zama abin rufe fuska ta lokacin ƙarewar sauran megafunctions.

Don ayyukan MegaCore, lokacin da ba a haɗa shi ba shine 1 hour; Ƙimar ƙarewar lokacin da aka haɗa ba ta da iyaka.

Ƙirar ku ta daina aiki bayan lokacin kimanta kayan aikin ya ƙare kuma kayan aikin gida_ready ya ragu.

Tarihin Bita daftarin aiki

Tebur 15-10 ya lissafa tarihin sake fasalin wannan takarda.

Tebur 15-10. Tarihin Bita daftarin aiki

Kwanan wata	Sigar	Canje-canje
Nuwamba 2012	1.2	An canza lambar babi daga 13 zuwa 15.
Yuni 2012	1.1	Ƙara gunkin martani.
Nuwamba 2011	1.0	Haɗin Bayanin Sakin, Tallafin Iyali na Na'ura, Lissafin Fasaloli, da Lissafin Siffofin Marasa Goyan baya don DDR, DDR2, da DDR3.

Takardu / Albarkatu

ATERA DDR2 SDRAM Masu Gudanarwa [pdf] Umarni DDR2 SDRAM Masu Gudanarwa, DDR2, Masu Gudanar da SDRAM, Masu Gudanarwa

Magana

• Manual mai amfani