moglabs PID Fast Servo Isilawuli
Imininingwane
- Imodeli: MOGLabs FSC
- Uhlobo: Isilawuli se-Servo
- Ukusetshenziswa Okuhlosiwe: Ukuzinzisa imvamisa ye-laser kanye nokuncipha kobubanzi bomugqa
- Uhlelo lokusebenza oluyinhloko: Ukulawulwa kwe-servo okunomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ophansi
Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo
Isingeniso
I-MOGlabs FSC yakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngolawulo lwe-servo olunomkhawulokudonsa ophansi wokuzinzisa imvamisa ye-laser kanye nokuncipha kobubanzi bomugqa.
Ithiyori Yokulawula Impendulo Eyisisekelo
Ukuzinzisa imvamisa yempendulo yama-lasers kungaba yinkimbinkimbi. Kunconywa ukuba kabushaview lawula izincwadi zethiyori kanye nezincwadi zokuzinzisa imvamisa ye-laser ukuze uqonde kangcono.
Izixhumanisi nezilawuli
Izilawuli zephaneli yangaphambili
Izilawuli zephaneli zangaphambili zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa nokuqapha ngokushesha. Lezi zilawuli zibalulekile ekulungisweni kwesikhathi sangempela phakathi nokusebenza.
Izilawuli zephaneli yangemuva kanye nokuxhumana
Izilawuli zamaphaneli angemuva nokuxhumana kunikeza ukuxhumana kwamadivayisi angaphandle nama-peripherals. Ukuxhuma kahle lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuhambisana nezinhlelo zangaphandle.
Ukushintsha Kwangaphakathi kwe-DIP
Amaswishi e-DIP angaphakathi anikeza izinketho ezengeziwe zokumisa. Ukuqonda nokusetha ngendlela efanele lezi zinguquko kubalulekile ekwenzeni isilawuli ngokwezifiso.
FAQ
inkampani ye-santec
Isilawuli se-servo esisheshayo
Inguqulo 1.0.9, Rev 24 hardware
Umkhawulo Wesibopho
I-MOG Laboratories Pty Ltd (MOGLabs) ayithathi noma yisiphi isikweletu esivela ngenxa yokusebenzisa ulwazi oluqukethwe kule manuwali. Lo mbhalo ungase uqukathe noma uqondise ulwazi kanye nemikhiqizo evikelwe amalungelo okushicilela noma amalungelo obunikazi futhi awudlulisi noma yiliphi ilayisense ngaphansi kwamalungelo obunikazi be-MOGLabs, noma amalungelo abanye. Ama-MOGlabs ngeke abophezeleke nganoma ikuphi ukonakala kwehadiwe noma isofthiwe noma ukulahleka noma ukunganeli kwedatha yanoma yiluphi uhlobo, noma nganoma imuphi umonakalo oqondile, ongaqondile, wengozi, noma umphumela ohlobene noma ovela ngenxa yokusebenza noma ukusetshenziswa kwanoma imiphi yemikhiqizo yayo. . Umkhawulo ongenhla wesikweletu uzosebenza ngokulinganayo kunoma iyiphi isevisi ehlinzekwa yi-MOGLabs.
I-copyright
I-copyright © MOG Laboratories Pty Ltd (MOGlabs) 2017 2025. Ayikho ingxenye yalolu shicilelo okumele igaywe kabusha, igcinwe ohlelweni lokuthola kabusha, noma idluliselwe, nganoma iyiphi indlela noma nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngogesi, ngomshini, ngokuthwebula izithombe noma ngenye indlela, ngaphandle kokubhala kuqala. imvume ye-MOGLabs.
Oxhumana naye
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, sicela uthinte:
MOG Laboratories P/L 49 University St Carlton VIC 3053 AUSTRALIA +61 3 9939 0677 info@moglabs.com www.moglabs.com
Santec LIS Corporation 5823 Ohkusa-Nenjozaka, Komaki Aichi 485-0802 JAPAN +81 568 79 3535 www.santec.com
Isingeniso
I-MOGLabs FSC ihlinzeka ngezinto ezibalulekile zesilawuli se-servo esinomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu esine-latency ephansi, ehloselwe ngokuyinhloko ukuqinisa imvamisa ye-laser kanye nokunciphisa ububanzi bomugqa. I-FSC nayo ingasetshenziselwa ampukulawula ukufunda, ngokwesiboneloample ukudala “okudla umsindo” ezinzisa amandla okubona e-laser, kodwa kule manuwali sithatha ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kokuzinzisa imvamisa.
1.1 Ithiyori yokulawula impendulo eyisisekelo
Ukuzinzisa imvamisa yempendulo yama-lasers kungaba nzima. Sikhuthaza abafundi ukuthi baphindeview lawula izincwadi zethiyori [1, 2] kanye nezincwadi zokuqiniswa kwe-laser frequency [3].
Umqondo wokulawula impendulo uboniswa ngohlelo emfanekisweni 1.1. Imvamisa ye-laser ikalwa nge-frequency discriminator ekhiqiza isignali yephutha elingana nomehluko phakathi kwefrikhwensi ye-laser esheshayo kanye nefrikhwensi efiswayo noma yephoyinti lokubeka. Abacwasi abavamile bahlanganisa imigodi yokubona kanye nokutholwa kwe-Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) [4] noma i-Ha¨nsch-Couillaud [5]; ukukhiya i-offset [6]; noma ukuhlukahluka okuningi kwe-spectroscopy yokumuncwa kwe-athomu [710].
0
+
Isiginali yephutha
I-Servo
Isiginali yokulawula
I-Laser
I-dV/df I-Frequency discriminator
Umfanekiso 1.1: Umdwebo webhulokhi eyenziwe lula weluphu yokulawula impendulo.
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2
Isahluko 1. Isingeniso
1.1.1 Izimpawu zamaphutha
Isici esiyinhloko esivamile sokulawula impendulo ukuthi isignali yephutha esetshenziselwa ukulawula kufanele ihlehlise uphawu njengoba imvamisa ye-laser ishintsha ngaphezu noma ngaphansi kwendawo ebekiwe, njengasemfanekisweni 1.2. Kusukela kusignali yephutha, i-servo yempendulo noma isinxephezelo sikhiqiza isignali yokulawula ye-transducer ku-laser, njengokuthi imvamisa ye-laser ishayelwa ibheke endaweni efiswayo. Ngokubalulekile, lesi siginali yokulawula izoshintsha uphawu njengoba isignali yephutha ishintsha, iqinisekisa ukuthi imvamisa ye-laser ihlezi iphushwa ibheke endaweni ebekiwe, kunokuba isuke kuyo.
Iphutha
Iphutha
f
0
Imvamisa f
f Imvamisa f
IPHUTHA OFFSET
Umfanekiso 1.2: Isignali yephutha lokuhlakazeka kwetiyori, ngokulingana nomehluko phakathi kwefrikhwensi ye-laser kanye ne-setpoint frequency. I-offset kusiginali yephutha ishintsha indawo yokukhiya (kwesokudla).
Qaphela umehluko phakathi kwesignali yephutha nesiginali yokulawula. Isignali yephutha isilinganiso somehluko phakathi kwefrikhwensi ye-laser yangempela nefiswayo, leyo ngokomgomo esheshayo futhi engenamsindo. Isiginali yokulawula ikhiqizwa kusuka kusiginali yephutha yi-servo yempendulo noma isinxephezelo. Isignali yokulawula ishayela i-actuator efana ne-piezo-electric transducer, umjovo wamanje we-laser diode, noma i-acousto-optic noma i-electro-optic modulator, ukuze imvamisa ye-laser ibuyele endaweni yokubeka. Ama-Actuator anemisebenzi yokuphendula eyinkimbinkimbi, enama-lags esigaba esilinganiselwe, inzuzo encike kuma-frequency, nama-resonances. Isinxephezelo kufanele sithuthukise impendulo yokulawula ukuze kwehlise iphutha libe lincane ngangokunokwenzeka.
1.1 Ithiyori yokulawula impendulo eyisisekelo
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1.1.2 Ukusabela kwemvamisa ye-servo yempendulo
Ukusebenza kwe-feedback servos kuvame ukuchazwa ngokwempendulo yefrikhwensi ye-Fourier; okungukuthi, ukuzuza kwempendulo njengomsebenzi wemvamisa yokuphazamiseka. Okwesiboneloample, ukuphazamiseka okuvamile imvamisa yama-mains, = 50 Hz noma 60 Hz. Lokho kuphazamiseka kuzoshintsha imvamisa ye-laser ngenani elithile, ngesilinganiso esingu-50 noma esingu-60 Hz. Umthelela wokuphazamiseka ku-laser ungase ube mncane (isb = 0 ± 1 kHz lapho u-0 kuyifrikhwensi ye-laser engaphazanyiswa) noma ube mkhulu (= 0 ± 1 MHz). Kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu balokhu kuphazamiseka, imvamisa ye-Fourier yokuphazamiseka ingaba ku-50 noma ku-60 Hz. Ukuze ucindezele lokho kuphazamiseka, i-servo yempendulo kufanele ibe nenzuzo ephezulu ku-50 no-60 Hz ukuze ikwazi ukunxephezela.
Inzuzo yesilawuli se-servo ngokuvamile inomkhawulo wefrikhwensi ephansi, ngokuvamile echazwa umkhawulo wokuzuza womkhawulokudonsa we-opamps esetshenziswa kusilawuli se-servo. Inzuzo kufanele futhi yehlele ngaphansi kwenzuzo yobunye (0 dB) kumafrikhwensi aphezulu ukuze kugwenywe ukuyenga ukuguquguquka kokuphumayo kokulawula, njengokukhala kwezwi eliphezulu okujwayelekile kwezinhlelo zomsindo (okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “impendulo yomsindo”). Lawa ma-oscillations enzeka kumafrikhwensi angaphezu kokuphindaphindeka kokulibaziseka okuncane kokusakazwa kwe-laser ehlanganisiwe, i-frequency discriminator, i-servo nesistimu ye-actuator. Ngokuvamile lo mkhawulo ulawulwa isikhathi sokuphendula se-actuator. Kuma-piezo asetshenziswa kumalaser we-cavity diode yangaphandle, umkhawulo ngokuvamile ama-kHz ambalwa, futhi empendulweni yamanje yokuguquguquka kwe-laser diode, umkhawulo ucishe ube ngu-100 kuye ku-300kHz.
Umfanekiso 1.3 uyitulo lomqondo lenzuzo ngokumelene nefrequency kaFourier ye-FSC. Ukuze unciphise iphutha le-laser frequency, indawo engaphansi kwesakhiwo sokuzuza kufanele yandiswe. I-PID (i-proportional integral and differential) izilawuli ze-servo ziyindlela evamile, lapho isiginali yokulawula iyisamba sezingxenye ezintathu ezithathwe kusiginali yephutha lokokufaka elilodwa. Impendulo elinganiselwe (P) izama ukunxephezela iziphazamiso ngokushesha, kanti impendulo yesihlanganisi (I) inikeza inzuzo ephezulu yokususa nokuhamba kancane, futhi impendulo ehlukile (D) yengeza inzuzo eyengeziwe ngoshintsho olusheshayo.
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Isahluko 1. Isingeniso
Thola (dB)
Imvamisa ephezulu. i-cutoff Isihlanganisi esiphindwe kabili
60
FAST INT FAST GET
INZUZO YE-FAST DIFF DIFF (umkhawulo)
40
20
Umhlanganisi
0
I-FAST LF GET (umkhawulo)
Umhlanganisi
Ngokulinganayo
Umhlukanisi
Hlunga
I-SLOW INT
20101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
I-Fourier frequency [Hz]
Umfanekiso 1.3: Isakhiwo se-Conceptual Bode esibonisa isenzo sezilawuli ezisheshayo (ezibomvu) nezinensa (eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Isilawuli esinensayo kungaba isihlanganisi esisodwa noma esikabili esinemvamisa yekhona elungisekayo. Isilawuli esisheshayo yi-PID enamafrikhwensi ekhona alungisekayo futhi izuza imikhawulo kumaza aphansi naphezulu. Uma ukhetha isihlukanisi singacishwa futhi esikhundleni saso kufakwe isihlungi se-low-pass.
Izixhumanisi nezilawuli
2.1 Izilawuli zamaphaneli angaphambili
Iphaneli yangaphambili ye-FSC inenani elikhulu lezinketho zokumisa ezivumela ukuziphatha kwe-servo ukuthi kushunwe futhi kuthuthukiswe.
Sicela wazi ukuthi amaswishi nezinketho zingahluka phakathi kokubuyekezwa kwehadiwe, sicela ubheke imanuwali yedivayisi yakho ethile njengoba kukhonjiswe inombolo yomkhiqizo.
Fast Servo Controller
AC DC
INPUT
I-PD 0
REF
I-CHB
+
UPHAWU OLUSHESHAYO
+
UPHAWU OLUSAYO
I-INT
75 100 250
50 k100k200k
10M 5M 2.5M
50
500
20k
500k PHUMILE
1M
25
750 10k
1M 200k
750k
VALIWE
1k PHUMILE
2M 100k
500k
EXT
50k
250k
25k
100k
I-SPAN
RATE
I-SLOW INT
I-FAST INT
I-FAST DIFF/ISIHLUNGI
12
6
18
0
24
I-BIAS
I-FREQ OFFSET
INZUZO KANCANE
IZUZO ESHESHAYO
DIFF ZUZI
30 20 10
0
40
50
I-NESTED
60
SKENA
MAX LOCK
KAHLE
ZUZA UMKHAWULO
SKENA+P
KHIYA
SHESHA
IPHUTHA OFFSET
ISIMO
IPHUTHA ELINEZINSI
RAMP
IPHUTHA ELISHESHAYO
I-BIAS
I-CHB
SHESHA
CHA
KAHLE
I-MON1
IPHUTHA ELINEZINSI
RAMP
IPHUTHA ELISHESHAYO
I-BIAS
I-CHB
SHESHA
CHA
KAHLE
I-MON2
2.1.1 I-INPUT yokuhlela Ikhetha imodi yephutha yokuhlanganisa isignali; bheka umfanekiso 3.2. Isignali yephutha ye-AC Fast ihlanganiswe ne-AC, iphutha elihamba kancane lihlanganiswe ne-DC. I-DC Womabili amasignali amaphutha asheshayo nahamba kancane ahlanganiswe ne-DC. Amasignali ahlanganiswe ne-DC, futhi iphaneli yangaphambili ERROR OFFSET isetshenziswa ukulawula indawo yokukhiya. I-CHB Ikhetha okokufaka kwesiteshi B: i-photodetector, umhlabathi, noma okuguquguqukayo okungu-0 kuya ku-2.5 V okusethelwe isethenjwa nge-trimpot eseduze.
I-SIGN ESHESHAYO Uphawu lwempendulo esheshayo. UPHAWU OKUNENSAYO Uphawu lwempendulo enensayo.
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Izixhumanisi nezilawuli
2.1.2 Ramp ukulawula
I-r yangaphakathiamp ijeneretha inikeza umsebenzi wokushanela wokuskena imvamisa ye-laser ngokuvamile nge-actuator ye-piezo, yamanje yomjovo we-diode, noma kokubili. I-trigger ephumayo evumelaniswe ku-ramp inikezwa kuphaneli engemuva (TRIG, 1M ).
INT/EXT I-r yangaphakathi noma yangaphandleamp ukuskena imvamisa.
RATE Trimpot ukuze ulungise izinga lokushanela langaphakathi.
I-BIAS Uma i-DIP3 inikwe amandla, okukhiphayo okunensayo, kukalwa yile trimpot, yengezwa ekuphumeni okusheshayo. Lokhu kudlulisela phambili kokuchema ngokuvamile kuyadingeka lapho kulungiswa i-actuator ye-piezo ye-ECDL ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugxuma kwemodi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusebenza sekuvele kunikezwe ezinye izilawuli ze-laser (njenge-MOGLabs DLC) futhi kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela uma zinganikeziwe kwenye indawo.
I-SPAN Ilungisa i-ramp ukuphakama, futhi ngaleyo ndlela izinga lokushanela imvamisa.
I-FREQ OFFSET Ilungisa i-DC offset ekuphumeni okuhamba kancane, inikeze ngempumelelo ukushintshwa okumile kwefrikhwensi ye-laser.
2.1.3 Amaluphu aguquguqukayo
Okuguquguqukayo kweluphu kuvumela ukuzuza kwe-proportional, integrator kanye nesihlukanisi stagkufanele ilungiswe. Okwesididiyeli nesihlukanisi stages, inzuzo yethulwa ngokuya ngeyunithi yokuzuza imvamisa, kwesinye isikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi imvamisa yekhona.
I-SLOW INT Corner imvamisa yesihlanganisi se-servo esinensayo; ingakhutshazwa noma ilungiswe isuka ku-25 Hz iye ku-1 kHz.
UKUZUZA KAHLE Ukuzuza okukodwa okunensayo kwe-servo; kusuka -20 dB kuya +20 dB.
I-FAST INT Corner imvamisa yesihlanganisi se-servo esisheshayo; icishiwe noma ishintsheke ku-10 kHz iye ku-2 MHz.
2.1 Izilawuli zamaphaneli angaphambili
7
UKUZUZA OKUSHESHAYO Ukuphenduka okuyishumi okusheshayo inzuzo ye-servo ngokulinganayo; kusuka -10 dB kuya +50 dB.
I-FAST DIFF/IFILTER Ilawula impendulo ye-servo yemvamisa ephezulu. Uma isethelwe kokuthi "VALIWE", impendulo ye-servo ihlala ilingana. Uma iphendulwa njengewashi, isihlukanisi sinikwa amandla nefrikhwensi yekhona elihlobene. Qaphela ukuthi ukwehlisa imvamisa yekhona kwandisa isenzo somehluko. Uma kusethelwe kunani elidwetshelwe, isihlukanisi siyacishwa futhi esikhundleni salokho kusetshenziswa isihlungi sephasi eliphansi ekuphumeni kwe-servo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi impendulo ikhishwe ngaphezu kwemvamisa eshiwo.
DIFF GAIN Umkhawulo wokuzuza imvamisa ephezulu ku-servo esheshayo; ukukhuphuka ngakunye kushintsha inzuzo enkulu ngo-6 dB. Awunawo umthelela ngaphandle uma isihlukanisi sinikwe amandla; okungukuthi, ngaphandle uma i-FAST DIFF isethwe kunani elingadwetshelwe.
2.1.4 Izilawuli zokukhiya
ZUZA UMKHAWULO Umkhawulo wokuzuza imvamisa ephansi ku-servo esheshayo, ku-dB. I-MAX imele inzuzo ephezulu etholakalayo.
IPHUTHA OFFSET I-DC offset isetshenziswa kumasiginali wephutha uma Imodi ye-INPUT isethelwe ku-. Iwusizo ekulungiseni okunembayo kwephoyinti lokukhiya noma ukunxephezela ukukhukhuleka kusiginali yephutha. I-trimpot eseduze ingeyokulungisa iphutha lokususa i-servo ehamba kancane ngokuhlobene ne-servo esheshayo, futhi ingase ilungiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe idrayivu ye-servos esheshayo nenensayo iye kufrikhwensi efanayo ncamashi.
I-SLOW Ibandakanya i-servo ehamba kancane ngokushintsha i-SKAN ukuya ku-LOCK. Uma isethelwe ku-NESTED, ivolumu yokulawula ehamba kancanetagU-e ufakwa kusignali yephutha esheshayo ukuze uthole inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu kumafrikhwensi aphansi uma ingekho i-actuator exhunywe ekukhipheni okunensayo.
I-FAST Ilawula i-servo esheshayo. Uma isethelwe kokuthi SCAN+P, impendulo elinganiselwe ifakwa ekuphumeni okusheshayo ngenkathi i-laser iskena, okuvumela impendulo ukuthi ilinganiswe. Ukushintshela ku-LOCK kumisa ukuskena futhi kusebenzisa ukulawula okugcwele kwe-PID.
8
Isahluko 2. Izixhumanisi nezilawuli
STATUS Isikhombi esinemibala eminingi esibonisa isimo selokhi.
Amandla Aluhlaza avuliwe, ukukhiya kuvaliwe. I-Orange Lock ihileleke kodwa isignali yephutha ingaphandle kwebanga, ekhombisa ukukhiya
yehlulekile. I-Blue Lock ehlanganisiwe nesignali yephutha ingaphakathi kwemikhawulo.
2.1.5 Ukuqapha amasignali
Izifaki khodi ezimbili ezijikelezayo zikhetha ukuthi yimaphi amasiginali acacisiwe ayiswa kuphaneli engemuva ye-MONITOR 1 kanye nemiphumela engu-2 MONITOR. Okukhiphayo kwe-TRIG wukukhiphayo okuhambisanayo kwe-TTL (1M ) okushintsha ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu phakathi nendawo yokushanela. Ithebula elingezansi lichaza amasignali.
CHA CHB IPHUTHA ELISHESHAYO ELINEPHUTHA KANENE RAMP I-BIAS FAST LOW
Okokufaka kwesiteshi A Isiteshi B Isignali yephutha esetshenziswa isiginali yephutha ye-servo esetshenziswa i-servo R ehamba kancaneamp njengoba kusetshenziswe ku-SLOW OUT Ramp njengoba isetshenziswa ku-FAST OUT lapho i-DIP3 inika amandla isignali yokulawula UKUPHUMA KWE-FAST SLOW OUT
2.2 Izilawuli zamaphaneli angemuva nokuxhumana
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2.2 Izilawuli zamaphaneli angemuva nokuxhumana
QAPHELA 2 VEKA NGAPHAKATHI
QAPHELA 1
SHANELA
ZUZA
B IN
A IN
I-serial:
Trig
UKUPHUMA OKUSHESHA KANCANE
I-MOD IN
AMANDLA B
AMANDLA A
Zonke izixhumi ziyi-SMA, ngaphandle njengoba kuphawuliwe. Konke okokufaka ku-over-voltagivikelwe ku-±15 V.
Amandla e-IEC kuyunithi kufanele asethwe kusengaphambili kuvolumu efaneletage yezwe lakini. Sicela ubheke isithasiselo D ukuze uthole imiyalelo yokushintsha umthamo wamandla kagesitage uma kudingeka.
A IN, B IN Okufakwayo kwesignali yephutha eziteshini A no-B, ngokuvamile izitholi zezithombe. I-impedance ephezulu, uhla lokuzisholo ±2 5 V. Isiteshi B asisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwalapho inkinobho ye-CHB kuphaneli yangaphambili isethelwe ku-PD.
AMANDLA A, B Amandla e-DC anomsindo ophansi wama-photodetectors; ±12 V, 125 mA, ehlinzekwa ngesixhumi se-M8 (TE Connectivity ingxenye inombolo 2-2172067-2, Digikey A121939-ND, 3-way male). Ihambisana ne-MOGLabs PDA kanye ne-Thorlabs photodetectors. Izosetshenziswa nezintambo ezijwayelekile ze-M8, ngokwesiboneloample Digikey 277-4264-ND. Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-photodetectors avaliwe lapho exhunywe kumandla kagesi ukuze avimbele ukuphuma kwawo kubi.
ZUZA KU-Voltagukuzuza ngokulinganayo okulawulwa yi-e kwe-servo esheshayo, ±1 V , ehambisana nobubanzi obugcwele befindo lephaneli yangaphambili. Ingena esikhundleni sokulawula kwephaneli ye-FAST GAIN uma i-DIP1 inikwe amandla.
SHANELA KU-R yangaphandleamp okokufaka kuvumela ukuskena kwefrikhwensi okunganasizathu, 0 kuya ku-2.5 V. Isiginali kufanele yeqe u-1.25 V, echaza isikhungo sokushanela kanye nendawo yokukhiya.
10
Isahluko 2. Izixhumanisi nezilawuli
3 4
1 +12 V
1
3 - 12 V
4 0V
Umfanekiso 2.1: Iphinikhodi yesixhumi se-M8 saMANDLA A, B.
Okokufaka kwe-MOD IN High-bandwidth, yengezwe ngokuqondile ekukhishweni okusheshayo, ±1 V uma i-DIP4 ivuliwe. Qaphela ukuthi uma i-DIP4 ivuliwe, i-MOD IN kufanele ixhunywe kusiphakeli, noma inqanyulwe ngendlela efanele.
PHUMA KAHLE Ukukhipha isignali yokulawula kancane, 0 V kuya ku-2.5 V. Ivamise ukuxhunywa kumshayeli we-piezo noma enye i-actuator ehamba kancane.
UKUPHUMA OKUSHESHA Ukukhipha isignali yokulawula ngokushesha, ±2 5 V. Ivamise ukuxhunywa kumjovo wamanje we-diode, imoduli ye-acousto- noma i-electro-optic, noma enye i-actuator esheshayo.
QAPHELA 1, 2 Ukukhishwa kwesiginali okukhethiwe ukuze kuqashelwe.
Okuphumayo kwe-TRIG Okuphansi kuya kokuphezulu kwe-TTL esikhungweni sokushanela, 1M .
LOCK IN TTL scan / lock control; Isixhumi se-stereo esingu-3.5 mm, kwesokunxele/kwesokudla (amaphini 2, 3) sokukhiya okunensa/okusheshayo; okuphansi (okuphansi) kuyasebenza (vula ukukhiya). Iswishi yokuskena/yokhiye wephaneli yangaphambili kufanele IBE ESENA ukuze UKHIYE NGAPHAKATHI. Ikhebuli ye-Digikey CP-2207-ND inikeza ipulaki engu-3.5 mm eneziphetho zezintambo; okubomvu ngokukhiya okunensayo, okumnyama okuzacile kokhiye osheshayo, nomnyama oshubile uma kuqhathaniswa nomhlabathi.
321
1 Ground 2 Ilokhi esheshayo 3 Ilokhi enensayo
Umfanekiso 2.2: 3.5 mm iphinikhodi yesixhumi se-stereo sokulawula ukuskena/ukukhiya kwe-TTL.
2.3 Amaswishi e-DIP yangaphakathi
11
2.3 Amaswishi e-DIP yangaphakathi
Kunamaswishi e-DIP amaningana angaphakathi anikeza izinketho ezengeziwe, zonke zisethwe ukuze ZIVALWE ngokuzenzakalelayo.
ISEXWAYISO Kukhona amathuba okuchayeka kuvolthi ephezulutagengaphakathi kwe-FSC, ikakhulukazi eduze nokuphakelwa kukagesi.
VALIWE
1 Ukuzuza okusheshayo
Iphini lephaneli yangaphambili
2 Impendulo enensayo Isihlanganisi esisodwa
3 Ukuchema
Ramp ukuhamba kancane kuphela
4 MOD Yangaphandle Ikhubazekile
5 Ukucasulwa
Okuvamile
6 Shanela
Okuhle
7 Ukuhlanganisa okusheshayo DC
8 Ukushintsha ngokushesha
0
KUVULIWE isignali yangaphandle Isihlanganisi esiphindwe kabili Ramp ukuze usheshise futhi ungasheshi Kunikwe amandla Kulungiswe endaweni emaphakathi Negative AC -1 V
I-DIP 1 Uma UVULIWE, ukuzuza okusheshayo kwe-servo kunqunywa amandla asetshenziswa kusixhumi esingemuva se-GAIN IN esikhundleni sephaneli yangaphambili ethi FAST GAIN knob.
I-DIP 2 I-servo enensayo iyisihlanganisi esisodwa (CHIMILE) noma esikabili (VULIWE). Kufanele IVALIWE uma usebenzisa imodi yokusebenza ye-servo ethi "i-nested" enensa futhi esheshayo.
I-DIP 3 Uma VULIWE, yenza i-bias current ngokulingana nokuphumayo kwe-servo okunensayo ukuze uvimbele ama-mode-hop. Nika amandla kuphela uma isilawuli se-laser singanikeziwe kakade. Kufanele IVALIWE lapho i-FSC isetshenziswa ihlanganiswe ne-MOGLabs DLC.
I-DIP 4 Uma IVALIWE, inika amandla ukushintshashintsha kwangaphandle ngesixhumi se-MOD IN kuphaneli yangemuva. Ukushintshashintsha kwengezwe ngokuqondile ku-FAST OUT. Uma inikwe amandla kodwa ingasetshenziswa, okokufaka kwe-MOD IN kufanele kunqanyulwe ukuze kunqandwe ukuziphatha okungafuneki.
I-DIP 5 Uma VULIWE, ikhubaza ifindo le-offset yephaneli engaphambili futhi ilungise i-offset ibe maphakathi nendawo. Iwusizo kumodi yokushanela yangaphandle, ukugwema ngephutha
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Isahluko 2. Izixhumanisi nezilawuli
ukushintsha imvamisa ye-laser ngokushaya i-offset knob.
I-DIP 6 Ihlehlisa indlela lapho kushanelwa khona.
DIP 7 Fast AC. Ngokuvamile kufanele UVULIWE, ukuze isignali yephutha esheshayo ibe yi-AC ehlanganiswe nama-servos empendulo, nesikhathi esingaguquki esingu-40 ms (25 Hz).
I-DIP 8 Uma VULIWE, i- -1 V offset yengezwa ekuphumeni okusheshayo. I-DIP8 kufanele icishwe uma i-FSC isetshenziswa namalaser e-MOGlabs.
Izihibe zokulawula impendulo
I-FSC ineziteshi ezimbili zempendulo ezifanayo ezingashayela ama-actuator amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa: i-actuator “enensayo”, ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukushintsha imvamisa ye-laser ngenani elikhulu ngezilinganiso zezikhathi ezihamba kancane, kanye ne-actuator “esheshayo” yesibili. I-FSC inikeza ukulawula okunembayo kwesigaba ngasinyetage ye-servo loop, kanye nokushanela (ramp) ijeneretha nokuqapha isignali esikahle.
INPUT
INPUT
+
AC
IPHUTHA OFFSET
DC
A IN
A
0v
+
B
B IN
0v +
I-VREF
0v
I-CHB
I-SIGN ESHESHAYO Esheshayo i-AC [7] DC block
UPHAWU OLUSAYO
I-MODULATION NOKUSHANELA
RATE
Ramp
INT / EXT
Umthambeka [6] SHANELA
I-SPAN
0v
+
OFFSET
I-MOD IN
0v
Imodi [4]
0v
I-offset elungisiwe [5]
0v
Trig
0v 0v
+
I-BIAS
0v 0v
Ukuchema [3]
KHIYA (KUSHESHA) KHIYA (KAYIPHANSI) SHESHA = KHIYA KAHLE = KHIYA
LF shanela
PHUMA NGESIKHATHI +
I-SERVO ESHESHAYO
ZUZA NGENZUZO ESHESHAYO
Inzuzo yangaphandle [1] P
+
I
+
0v
I-NESTED
SHESHA = KHIPHA NGESIKHATHI (KUSHESHA)
D
0v
I-SLOW SERVO
Iphutha elihamba kancane Zuza i-SLOW GAIN
I-SLOW INT
#1
LF shanela
I-SLOW INT
+
#2
0v
Isihlanganisi esikabili [2]
PHUMA KAHLE
Umfanekiso 3.1: Isikimu se-MOGLabs FSC. Amalebula aluhlaza abhekisela kwizilawuli kuphaneli yangaphambili kanye nokokufaka kuphaneli engemuva, ansundu amaswishi e-DIP angaphakathi, futhi onsomi yimiphumela engemuva.
13
14
Isahluko 3. Izihibe zokulawula impendulo
3.1 Okokufaka stage
Okokufaka stagI-e ye-FSC (umdwebo 3.2) ikhiqiza isignali yephutha njenge-VERR = VA - VB - VOFFSET. I-VA ithathwa kusixhumi se-SMA esithi “A IN”, futhi i-VB isethwe kusetshenziswa iswishi yesikhethi se-CHB, ekhetha phakathi kwesixhumi se-SMA esithi “B IN”, VB = 0 noma VB = VREF njengoba kusethwe i-trimpot eseduze.
Isilawuli sisebenza ukuze sinikeze isignali yephutha ekuziro, echaza indawo yokukhiya. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingase zizuze ekulungiseni okuncane kuya kuzinga le-DC ukuze kulungiswe leli phuzu lokukhiya, elingafinyelelwa nge-10-turn knob ERR OFFSET kuze kufike ku-±0 1 V shift, inqobo nje uma isikhethi se-INPUT sisethelwe kumodi “yokuvala” (). Ama-offset amakhulu angafinyelelwa nge-REF trimpot.
INPUT
INPUT
+ AC
IPHUTHA OFFSET
DC
A IN
A
0v
+
B
B IN
UKUPHAWULA OKUSHESHAYO Ngokushesha kwe-AC [7] IPHUTHA ELISHESHAYO
I-DC block
Iphutha elisheshayo
0v +
I-VREF
0v
I-CHB
UPHAWU OLUSAYO
Iphutha elincane SE-SLOW ERR
Umfanekiso 3.2: Schematic of the FSC input stage ekhombisa izilawuli zokuhlanganisa, ze-offset kanye ne-polarity. Amaheksagoni amasiginali agadwayo atholakala ngokushintsha kwesikhethi sephaneli engaphambili.
3.2 Iluphu ye-servo ehamba kancane
Umfanekiso 3.3 ukhombisa ukumiswa kwempendulo enensayo ye-FSC. Inzuzo eguquguqukayo stagI-e ilawulwa ngephaneli yangaphambili ethi SLOW GAIN knob. Isenzo sesilawuli siwukuhlanganisa okukodwa noma okukabili
3.2 Iluphu ye-servo ehamba kancane
15
kuye ngokuthi i-DIP2 ivuliwe yini. Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa esinensayo silawulwa kusukela kuphaneli yangaphambili ethi SLOW INT knob, enelebula ngokuya ngemvamisa yekhona elihlobene.
I-SLOW SERVO
Iphutha elihamba kancane Zuza i-SLOW GAIN
Izihlanganisi
I-SLOW INT
#1
LF shanela
I-SLOW INT
+
#2
0v
Isihlanganisi esikabili [2]
PHUMA KAHLE
LF KAHLE
Umfanekiso 3.3: Uhlelo lwempendulo ehamba kancane I/I2 servo. Ama-hexagon amasiginali agadiwe atholakala ngokushintsha kwesikhethi sephaneli yangaphambili.
Ngesihlanganisi esisodwa, inzuzo iyanda ngefrikhwensi ye-Fourier ephansi, ngomthambeka ongu-20 dB ngeshumi leminyaka. Ukwengeza isihlanganisi sesibili kwandisa umthambeka uye ku-40 dB ngeshumi leminyaka, kunciphisa i-offset yesikhathi eside phakathi kwamafrikhwensi angempela namaphoyinti okusetha. Ukwenyusa inzuzo kude kakhulu kuphumela ekuzuleni njengoba isilawuli "sisabela ngokweqile" ezinguqukweni zesiginali yephutha. Ngalesi sizathu ngezinye izikhathi kuyasiza ukukhawulela inzuzo ye-loop yokulawula kumafrikhwensi aphansi, lapho impendulo enkulu ingabangela i-laser mode-hop.
I-servo ehamba kancane inikeza ububanzi obukhulu ukunxephezela ukukhukhuleka kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-acoustic, futhi i-actuator esheshayo inobubanzi obuncane kodwa umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ukukhokhela ukuphazamiseka okusheshayo. Ukusebenzisa i-double-integrator kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-servo ehamba kancane inempendulo evelele kumafrikhwensi aphansi.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingabandakanyi i-actuator enensayo ehlukile, isignali yokulawula enensa (iphutha elihlanganisiwe elilodwa noma eliphindwe kabili) ingangezwa ekuzileni ngokushesha ngokusetha iswishi ethi SLOW ibe "NESTED". Kule modi kunconywa ukuthi isihlanganisi esikabili esiteshini esinensayo sikhutshazwe nge-DIP2 ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlanganisa kathathu.
16
Isahluko 3. Izihibe zokulawula impendulo
3.2.1 Ukulinganisa impendulo ye-servo ehamba kancane
Iluphu ye-servo ehamba kancane yakhelwe isinxephezelo se-slow drift. Ukubona impendulo ye-loop ehamba kancane:
1. Setha I-MONITOR 1 ukuze ithi IPHUTHA ELINGENZA futhi uxhume okukhiphayo ku-oscilloscope.
2. Setha ISIQINISEKISO 2 ukuze sithi INCANE futhi uxhume okukhiphayo ku-oscilloscope.
3. Setha INPUT ibe (imodi ye-offset) kanye ne-CHB ibe ngu-0.
4. Lungisa iknobhu ye-ERR OFFSET kuze kube yilapho ileveli ye-DC eboniswe kusiqaphi SLOW ERR isisondele ku-zero.
5. Lungisa i-FREQ OFFSET knob kuze kube yilapho ileveli ye-DC eboniswe kusiqapha SLOW isiseduze noziro.
6. Setha ama-volts esigabeni ngasinye ku-oscilloscope abe ngu-10mV esigabeni ngasinye kuzo zombili iziteshi.
7. Bandakanya iluphu ye-servo ehamba kancane ngokusetha imodi ethi OKWENZA ukuthi UKHIYE.
8. Lungisa kancane kancane ikhinobhu ye-ERR OFFSET ukuze izinga le-DC eliboniswe kusiqapha I-SLOW ERR lihambe phezulu nangaphansi kweziro ngo-10 mV.
9. Njengoba isignali yephutha ehlanganisiwe ishintsha uphawu, uzobona ushintsho oluhamba kancane lokukhiphayo ngo-250 mV.
Qaphela ukuthi isikhathi sokuphendula ukuze i-servo ehamba kancane ikhukhuleke ifike emkhawulweni wayo sincike ezintweni eziningi ezihlanganisa inzuzo ehamba kancane, isikhathi esinensayo sesihlanganisi esingaguquki, ukuhlanganiswa okukodwa noma okukabili, kanye nosayizi wesiginali yephutha.
3.2 Iluphu ye-servo ehamba kancane
17
3.2.2 Ivolumu ephuma kancanetagi-e swing (kuphela kwe-FSC series A04… nangaphansi)
Okukhiphayo kwe-loop yokulawula i-servo ehamba kancane kulungiselelwe uhla olusuka ku-0 kuye ku-2.5 V ukuze luhambisane ne-MOGLabs DLC. Okokufaka kokulawula kwe-DLC SWEEP piezo kunomthamotage inzuzo ka-48 ukuze okokufaka okuphezulu okungu-2.5 V kuphumele ku-120 V ku-piezo. Uma iluphu ye-servo ehamba kancane ibanjiswe, okukhiphayo okunensayo kuzoshwibeka kuphela ngo-±25 mV uma kuqhathaniswa nenani layo ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya. Lokhu kukhawulelwa kwenziwa ngamabomu, ukugwema ama-hops emodi ye-laser. Lapho okukhipha kancane kwe-FSC kusetshenziswa ne-MOGlabs DLC, ukushwibeka okungu-50 mV ekuphumeni kwesiteshi esinensayo se-FSC kuhambisana nokushwibeka okungu-2.4 V kuvolthi ye-piezo.tage ehambisana noshintsho lwemvamisa ye-laser ecishe ibe ngu-0.5 ukuya ku-1 GHz, uma kuqhathaniswa nobubanzi bamahhala be-spectral bomgodi ojwayelekile wereferensi.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe izilawuli ze-laser ezihlukene, ushintsho olukhulu ekukhiyweni okuphuma kancane okukhiyiwe kwe-FSC lungavulwa ngoshintsho olulula lwe-resistor. Inzuzo ekukhiqizweni kweluphu yempendulo ehamba kancane ichazwa ngo-R82/R87, isilinganiso sezinto eziphikisayo u-R82 (500) no-R87 (100 k). Ukuze ukhuphule okukhiphayo okunensayo, khulisa u-R82/R87, okufezwa kalula kakhulu ngokunciphisa u-R87 ngokufaka i-piggybacking esinye isixhasi ngokuhambisana (iphakheji ye-SMD, usayizi 0402). Okwesiboneloample, ukungeza i-resistor engu-30 k ngokuhambisana nesiphikisayo esikhona esingu-100 k kuzonikeza ukumelana okusebenzayo okungu-23 k kunikeze ukukhuphuka kokushwibeka kokukhishwayo okuhamba kancane ukusuka ku-±25 mV kuya ku-±125 mV. Umfanekiso 3.4 ukhombisa ukwakheka kwe-FSC PCB ngokuzungezileamp U16.
R329
U16
C36
C362 R85 R331 C44 R87
C71
C35
R81 R82
Umfanekiso 3.4: Isakhiwo se-FSC PCB esizungeze ukuzuza kancane kokugcinaamp i-U16, ene- gain setting resistors engu-R82 kanye no-R87 (ebiyelwe); usayizi 0402.
18
Isahluko 3. Izihibe zokulawula impendulo
3.3 Iluphu ye-servo esheshayo
I-servo yempendulo esheshayo (umfanekiso 3.5) i-PID-loop enikeza ukulawula okunembile phezu kwengxenye ngayinye ye-proportional (P), ehlanganisiwe (I) kanye ne-different (D) yempendulo, kanye nenzuzo yonke yesistimu yonke. Ukukhishwa okusheshayo kwe-FSC kungashwibeka ukusuka ku--2.5 V kuye ku-2.5 V okuthi, uma kulungiselelwe nge-MOGLabs ye-external cavity diode laser, kunganikeza ukushwibeka kwamandla ka-±2.5 mA.
I-SERVO ESHESHAYO
ZUZA
Inzuzo yangaphandle [1]
IZUZO ESHESHAYO
Iphutha elisheshayo
Ukulawula okunensa
0v
+ NESTED
SHESHA = KHIPHA NGESIKHATHI (KUSHESHA)
PI
D
0v
+
Ukulawula okusheshayo
Umfanekiso 3.5: Uhlelo lwesilawuli se-PID ye-servo esheshayo.
Umfanekiso 3.6 ubonisa icebo lomqondo lesenzo sakho kokubili amaluphu e-servo asheshayo nahamba kancane. Kumafrikhwensi aphansi, iluphu ehlanganisiwe esheshayo (I) iyabusa. Ukuvimbela i-servo loop esheshayo ukuthi iphendule ngokweqile ekuphazamisekeni kwangaphandle kwefrikhwensi ephansi (i-acoustic), umkhawulo wokuzuza wemvamisa ephansi usetshenziswa olawulwa yi-GAIN LIMIT knob.
Kumaza amaphakathi nebanga (10 kHz1 MHz) impendulo elinganayo (P) iyabusa. Imvamisa yekhona lokuzuza ubumbano lapho impendulo elinganiselwe idlula impendulo ehlanganisiwe ilawulwa i-FAST INT knob. Inzuzo iyonke ye-P loop isethwe yi-trimpot yakhe ethi FAST GAIN, noma ngesignali yokulawula yangaphandle ngesixhumi esingemuva sephaneli ethi GAIN IN.
3.3 Iluphu ye-servo esheshayo
19
60
Thola (dB)
Imvamisa ephezulu. i-cutoff Isihlanganisi esiphindwe kabili
FAST INT FAST GET
INZUZO YE-FAST DIFF DIFF (umkhawulo)
40
20
Umhlanganisi
0
I-FAST LF GET (umkhawulo)
Umhlanganisi
Ngokulinganayo
Umhlukanisi
Hlunga
I-SLOW INT
20101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
I-Fourier frequency [Hz]
Umfanekiso 3.6: Isakhiwo se-Conceptual Bode esibonisa isenzo sezilawuli ezisheshayo (ezibomvu) nezinensa (eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Isilawuli esinensayo kungaba isihlanganisi esisodwa noma esikabili esinemvamisa yekhona elungisekayo. Isilawuli esisheshayo siyisinxephezelo se-PID esinamaza akhona alungisekayo futhi sizuza imikhawulo kumaza aphansi naphezulu. Uma ukhetha isihlukanisi singacishwa futhi esikhundleni saso kube nesihlungi se-low-pass.
Amafrikhwensi aphezulu (1 MHz) ngokuvamile adinga iluphu yesihlukanisi ukuthi ilawule ukukhiya okuthuthukisiwe. Isihlukanisi sinikeza isinxephezelo se-phaselead sesikhathi sokuphendula esilinganiselwe sohlelo futhi sinenzuzo ekhuphuka ngo-20 dB ngeshumi leminyaka. Imvamisa yekhona yeluphu ehlukile ingalungiswa nge-FAST DIFF/FILTER knob ukuze kulawulwe imvamisa lapho impendulo ehlukile ibusa khona. Uma i-FAST DIFF/IFILTER isethelwe ukuthi IVALIWE, iluphu ehlukanisayo iyakhutshazwa futhi impendulo ihlala ilinganiselwe kumafrikhwensi aphezulu. Ukuze uvimbele ukunyakaziswa kwe-oscillation futhi ukhawulele umthelela womsindo wefrikhwensi ephezulu lapho iluphu yempendulo ehlukile ibandakanyeka, kunomkhawulo wenzuzo olungisekayo, I-DIFF GAIN, ekhawulela isihlukanisi kumafrikhwensi aphezulu.
Isihlukanisi ngokuvamile asidingeki, futhi isinxephezelo singase esikhundleni salokho sizuze ekuhlungeni okudlula kancane kwempendulo ye-servo esheshayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ithonya lomsindo. Zungezisa i-FAST DIFF/IFILTER
20
Isahluko 3. Izihibe zokulawula impendulo
i-knob ephikisana nokuhamba kwewashi ukusuka endaweni ethi VALIWE ukuze usethe imvamisa yokuphuma yemodi yokuhlunga.
I-servo esheshayo inezindlela ezintathu zokusebenza: SCAN, SCAN+P kanye ne-LOCK. Uma isethelwe KU-SKENA, impendulo iyakhutshazwa futhi kusetshenziswa ukuchema kuphela ekuphumeni okusheshayo. Uma isethelwe ku-SCAN+P, kusetshenziswa impendulo elinganiselwe, evumela ukunqunywa kophawu lwe-servo olusheshayo kanye nokuzuza ngenkathi imvamisa ye-laser isaskena, okwenza kube lula inqubo yokukhiya nokushuna (bona §4.2). Kumodi ye-LOCK, ukuskena kuyamiswa futhi impendulo egcwele ye-PID iyabandakanyeka.
3.3.1 Ukulinganisa impendulo ye-servo esheshayo
Izigaba ezimbili ezilandelayo zichaza ukukalwa kwempendulo elinganayo nehlukile kushintsho kusiginali yephutha. Sebenzisa ijeneretha yokusebenza ukuze ulingise isignali yephutha, kanye ne-oscilloscope ukuze ulinganise impendulo.
1. Xhuma UMONITOR 1, 2 ku-oscilloscope, bese usetha izikhethi ku-FAST ERR kanye ne-FAST .
2. Setha INPUT ibe (imodi ye-offset) kanye ne-CHB ibe ngu-0.
3. Xhuma i-function generator kokokufaka CHA.
4. Lungiselela ijeneretha yokusebenza ukuze ikhiqize igagasi lesine elingu-100 Hz lika-20 mV ukuphakama ukuze libe phezulu.
5. Lungisa iknobhu ye-ERR OFFSET ukuze isignali yephutha ye-sinusoidal, njengoba ibonakala kusiqaphi se-FAST ERR, igxile kokuthi ziro.
3.3.2 Ukulinganisa impendulo ehambisanayo · Yehlisa ubude besikhathi sibe uziro ngokuphendula ifindo le-SPAN liphambene ngokugcwele newashi.
· Misa UKUSHESHA ukuze SKENA+P ukuze ubandakanye iluphu yempendulo elinganayo.
3.3 Iluphu ye-servo esheshayo
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· Ku-oscilloscope, ukuphuma kwe-FAST kwe-FSC kufanele kubonise igagasi elinesine elingu-100 Hz.
· Lungisa i-FAST GAIN knob ukuze uguqule inzuzo elinganiselwe ye-servo esheshayo kuze kube yilapho okukhiphayo kufana. amplitude njengokufaka.
· Ukuze ulinganise impendulo yefrikhwensi yempendulo, lungisa imvamisa yejeneretha yomsebenzi bese uqapha ampumthamo wempendulo ephumayo ye-FAST. Okwesiboneloample, khulisa imvamisa kuze kube ampi-litude ihhafu, ukuthola imvamisa yokuzuza -3 dB.
3.3.3 Ukulinganisa impendulo ehlukene
1. Misa i-FAST INT ukuthi IVALI ukuze ucime iluphu yokuhlanganisa.
2. Setha i-FAST GAIN ebunyeni usebenzisa izinyathelo ezichazwe esigabeni esingenhla.
3. Setha i-DIFF GAIN ibe ngu-0 dB.
4. Setha i-FAST DIFF/IFILTER ibe ngu-100 kHz.
5. Shanela imvamisa yejeneretha yokusebenza ukusuka ku-100 kHz ukuya ku-3 MHz futhi uqaphe ukuphuma kwe-FAST.
6. Njengoba ushanela imvamisa yesiginali yephutha, kufanele ubone ukuzuza kobunye kuwo wonke amafrikhwensi.
7. Setha i-DIFF GAIN ibe ngu-24 dB.
8. Manje njengoba ushanela imvamisa yesiginali yephutha, kufanele uqaphele ukwenyuka komthambeka okungu-20 dB ngeshumi leminyaka ngemva kuka-100 kHz okuzoqala ukugoqeka ngo-1 MHz, okubonisa i-op.amp ukulinganiselwa komkhawulokudonsa.
Ukuzuza kokuphumayo okusheshayo kungashintshwa ngokushintsha amanani aphikisayo, kodwa umjikelezo uyinkimbinkimbi kunempendulo ehamba kancane (§3.2.2). Xhumana nama-MOGLabs ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe uma kudingeka.
22
Isahluko 3. Izihibe zokulawula impendulo
3.4 Ukushintshashintsha nokuskena
Ukuskena nge-laser kulawulwa ijeneretha yokushanela yangaphakathi noma isignali yokushanela yangaphandle. Ukushanela kwangaphakathi kuyi-sawtooth enenkathi eguquguqukayo njengoba kusethwe iswishi yebanga lezindawo ezine yangaphakathi (Uhlelo lokusebenza. C), kanye ne-RATE yokujika okukodwa kokuthathu ephaneli yangaphambili.
Amaluphu e-servo asheshayo futhi ahamba kancane angasetshenziswa ngawodwana ngamasiginali we-TTL kumaswishi ephaneli yangaphambili ehlobene nephaneli yangemuva. Ukusetha noma iyiphi iluphu ukuthi ithi LOCK kumisa ukushanela futhi kwenze kusebenze ukuzinza.
I-MODULATION NOKUSHANELA
INT / EXT
Trig
RATE
Ramp
Umthambeka [6] SHANELA
I-SPAN
0v
+
OFFSET
0v
0v
I-offset elungisiwe [5]
Ukulawula okusheshayo MOD IN
Imodi [4]
0v
0v 0v
+
I-BIAS
0v 0v
Ukuchema [3]
NGENA (KUSHESHA)
KHIPHA NGENXA (Khamba kancane)
SHESHA = KHIYA KAHLE = KHIHLA
RAMP RA
LF shanela
I-BIAS BS
PHUMA NGESIKHATHI +
I-HF FAST
Umfanekiso 3.7: Shanela, ukushintshashintsha kwangaphandle, nokuchema kwamanje kwe-feedforward.
I-ramp ingaphinda yengezwe ekuphumeni okusheshayo ngokunika amandla i-DIP3 nokulungisa i-BIAS trimpot, kodwa izilawuli eziningi ze-laser (ezifana ne-MOGLabs DLC) zizokhiqiza ukuchema okudingekayo okwamanje okusekelwe kusignali ye-servo ehamba kancane, lapho kungenasidingo futhi ukuyikhiqiza ngaphakathi kwe-FSC.
4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall locking
Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwe-FSC ukuvala imvamisa-i-laser endaweni yokubona kusetshenziswa indlela ye-PDH (umkhiwane 4.1). I-cavity isebenza njengokubandlulula ama-frequency, futhi i-FSC igcina i-laser i-resonance ne-cavity ngokulawula i-laser piezo kanye ne-current ngokusebenzisa okuphumayo kwe-SLOW kanye ne-FAST ngokulandelanayo, inciphisa ububanzi bomugqa we-laser. Inothi lesicelo elihlukile (AN002) liyatholakala elinikeza iseluleko esisebenzayo esinemininingwane mayelana nokuqalisa i-PDH.
I-Oscilloscope
Trig
I-CH1
I-CH2
I-Laser
Imodi yamanje ye-Piezo SMA
I-EOM
I-PBS
PD
Isilawuli se-DLC
Idatha ye-PZT MOD
AC
Umgodi we-LPF
QAPHELA 2 QAPHELA 1 KHIYELELA NGAPHAKATHI
SHANELA UZUZE
B IN
A IN
I-serial:
Trig
I-FAST OUT SLOW OUT MOD IN
AMANDLA B AMANDLA A
Umfanekiso 4.1: Isikimu esenziwe lula sokukhiya i-PDH-cavity kusetshenziswa i-FSC. I-electro-optic modulator (EOM) ikhiqiza amabhande aseceleni, asebenzisana ne-cavity, akhiqize ukuboniswa okukalwa kusithwebuli sezithombe (PD). Ukwehliswa kwesignali yesithwebuli sesithombe kukhiqiza isignali yephutha le-PDH.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinye izindlela zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izimpawu zamaphutha, okungeke kuxoxwe ngazo lapha. Okunye kwalesi sahluko kuchaza indlela yokuthola ukukhiya uma isignali yephutha seyikhiqiziwe.
23
24
Isahluko 4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall locking
4.1 Ukumiswa kwelaser nesilawuli
I-FSC iyahambisana namalaser ahlukahlukene kanye nezilawuli, inqobo nje uma zilungiselelwe ngendlela efanele indlela yokusebenza efiselekayo. Lapho ushayela i-ECDL (njenge-MOGLabs CEL noma amalaser e-LDL), izimfuneko zelaser nesilawuli zimi kanje:
· High-bandwidth modulation ngqo laser headboard noma intra-cavity isigaba modulator.
· High-voltagUkulawula kwe-e piezo kusuka kusiginali yokulawula yangaphandle.
· Isizukulwane se-Feed-forward (“bias current”) samalaser adinga ukuchema kwe-1 mA kulo lonke uhla lweskeni. I-FSC iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ukuchema kwamanje ngaphakathi kodwa ububanzi bungakhawulwa ngogesi we-headboard noma ukugcwaliswa kwemoduli yesigaba, ngakho-ke kungase kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukuchema okunikezwa isilawuli se-laser.
Izilawuli ze-laser ze-MOGlabs nama-headboards angalungiswa kalula ukuze kuzuzwe ukuziphatha okudingekile, njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi.
4.1.1 Ukucushwa kwe-Headboard
Amalaser e-MOGlabs ahlanganisa i-headboard yangaphakathi ehlanganisa izingxenye nesilawuli. I-headboard ehlanganisa ukushintshashintsha okusheshayo kwamanje ngesixhumi se-SMA iyadingeka ukuze isebenze ne-FSC. I-headboard kufanele ixhunywe ngqo ku-FSC FAST OUT.
I-headboard ye-B1240 inconyelwa ngokuqinile kumkhawulokudonsa wokumodulisa ophezulu, nakuba i-B1040 ne-B1047 zingama-lasers amukelekayo angahambisani ne-B1240. I-headboard inenani lamaswishi e-jumper okufanele alungiselelwe okokufaka okuhlanganisiwe kwe-DC ne-buffered (BUF), lapho kufanele khona.
4.2 Ukuthola ukukhiya kokuqala
25
4.1.2 Ukucushwa kwe-DLC
Yize i-FSC ingalungiselelwa ukushanela kwangaphakathi noma kwangaphandle, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa imodi yokushanela yangaphakathi bese usetha i-DLC njengethuluzi lesigqila ngale ndlela elandelayo:
1. Xhuma i-SLOW OUT ku-SWEEP / PZT MOD ku-DLC.
2. Nika amandla i-DIP9 (ukushanela kwangaphandle) ku-DLC. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-DIP13 ne-DIP14 kuvaliwe.
3. Khubaza i-DIP3 (i-Bias generation) ye-FSC. I-DLC ikhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuchema kwamanje kokuphakelayo kusuka kokokufaka kokushanela, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukukhiqiza ukuchema ngaphakathi kwe-FSC.
4. Setha i-SPAN ku-DLC ukuthi ibe phezulu (ngokuhambisana newashi ngokugcwele).
5. Setha iFREQUENCY ku-DLC ibe ziro usebenzisa isibonisi se-LCD ukukhombisa iFrequency.
6. Qinisekisa ukuthi UKUSHANELA ku-FSC kuyi-INT.
7. Setha i-FREQ OFFSET ibe maphakathi nebanga kanye ne-SPAN ukuthi igcwale ku-FSC futhi ubuke ukuskena kwe-laser.
8. Uma ukuskena kusendaweni okungeyona, guqula i-DIP4 ye-FSC noma i-DIP11 ye-DLC.
Kubalulekile ukuthi iknob ye-SPAN ye-DLC ingalungiswa uma isethwe njengenhla, njengoba izoba nomthelela ku-loop yempendulo futhi ingase ivimbele i-FSC ekukhiyweni. Izilawuli ze-FSC kufanele zisetshenziswe ukulungisa ukushanela.
4.2 Ukuthola ukukhiya kokuqala
Izilawuli ze-SPAN kanye ne-OFFSET ze-FSC zingasetshenziswa ukushuna i-laser ukuze ishanele inqamule indawo yokukhiya oyifunayo (isb. i-cavity resonance) kanye nokusondeza kusikena esincane esizungeze ukukhala. Okulandelayo
26
Isahluko 4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall locking
izinyathelo ziwumfanekiso wenqubo edingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiya okuzinzile. Amanani asohlwini ayizinkomba, futhi azodinga ukulungiswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Iseluleko esengeziwe sokuthuthukisa ukukhiya sinikezwe ku-§4.3.
4.2.1 Ukukhiya ngempendulo esheshayo
1. Xhuma isignali yephutha kokokufaka okungu-A IN kuphaneli yangemuva.
2. Qinisekisa ukuthi isignali yephutha i-oda 10 mVpp.
3. Setha INPUT ibe (imodi ye-offset) kanye ne-CHB ibe ngu-0.
4. Setha IPHUTHA 1 libe ELISHESHAYO bese ubheka ku-oscilloscope. Lungisa iknobhu ye-ERR OFFSET kuze kube yilapho ileveli ye-DC ebonisiwe inguziro. Uma singekho isidingo sokusebenzisa iknobhu ye-ERROR OFFSET ukuze ulungise izinga le-DC lesiginali yephutha, iswishi ye-INPUT ingasethelwa ku-DC futhi i-ERROR OFFSET knob ngeke ibe nomthelela, ivimbele ukulungiswa ngephutha.
5. Yehlisa i-FAST GAIN ibe ziro.
6. Misa okuthi FAST ukuze SKENA+P, setha KANCANE UKUTHI SKENA, futhi uthole ukukhala kwemisindo usebenzisa izilawuli zokushanela.
7. Khulisa I-FAST GAIN kuze kube yilapho isignali yephutha ibonakala "elula" njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni 4.2. Uma lokhu kungabonwa, guqula iswishi ye-FAST SIGN bese uzama futhi.
8. Misa i-FAST DIFF ukuthi IVALIWE bese UZUZA UMKHAWULO ube ngu-40. Yehlisa i-FAST INT ibe ngu-100 kHz.
9. Setha imodi ethi FAST ukuze ithi KHIYE futhi isilawuli sizokhiya ekuweleni uziro kwesignali yephutha. Kungase kudingeke wenze izinguquko ezincane ku-FREQ OFFSET ukuze ukhiye i-laser.
10. Lungiselela ilokhi ngokulungisa i-FAST GAIN ne-FAST INT ngenkathi ubheka isignali yephutha. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphinde ukhiye i-servo ngemva kokulungisa isihlanganisi.
4.2 Ukuthola ukukhiya kokuqala
27
Umfanekiso 4.2: Ukuskena i-laser ngempendulo engu-P kuphela ekuphumeni okusheshayo kuyilapho iskena okukhiphayo okunensayo kubangela isignali yephutha (iwolintshi) inwetshwe uma uphawu nokuzuza kulungile (kwesokudla). Kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-PDH, ukudluliswa kwe-cavity (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) nakho kuzonwetshwa.
11. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingazuza ngokukhuphula i-FAST DIFF ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusabela kweluphu, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile akudingekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiya kokuqala.
4.2.2 Ukukhiya ngempendulo enensayo
Uma ukukhiya sekufinyelelwe ngempendulo esheshayo yokulinganisa neyokuhlanganisa, impendulo enensayo kufanele ihlanganiswe ukuze kulandise ukukhukhuleka okunensayo kanye nokuzwela kokuphazanyiswa kwe-acoustic okuvama okuphansi.
1. Setha i-SLOW GAIN ibe phakathi nebanga kanye ne-SLOW INT ibe ngu-100 Hz.
2. Setha imodi ethi FAST ukuthi SCAN+P ukuze uvule i-laser, futhi ulungise i-SPAN ne-OFFSET ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukuwela uziro.
3. Setha ISIQINISEKISO 2 sibe IPHUTHA LOKULULA futhi ubuke ku-oscilloscope. Lungisa i-trimpot eceleni kwe-ERR OFFSET ukuze ulethe isignali yephutha enensayo kuqanda. Ukulungisa le trimpot kuzothinta kuphela ileveli ye-DC yesiginali yephutha ehamba kancane, hhayi isignali yephutha esheshayo.
4. Khiya kabusha i-laser ngokusetha imodi ye-FAST ukuze iKHIYE futhi wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezincane ezidingekayo ku-FREQ OFFSET ukuze ukhiye i-laser.
28
Isahluko 4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall locking
5. Setha imodi ye-SLOW ukuthi UKHIYE futhi ubheke isignali yephutha ehamba kancane. Uma i-servo ikhiya, ileveli ye-DC yephutha elihamba kancane ingashintsha. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, qaphela inani elisha lesiginali yephutha, setha okuthi KANZA ubuyele kokuthi SCAN futhi usebenzise i-trimpot yephutha yokususa ukuletha isignali yephutha evuleke kancane eduze nenani elikhiyiwe bese uzama ukukhiya kabusha isikhiye esinensayo.
6. Phinda isinyathelo sangaphambilini sokukhiya i-laser kancane, ukubona ushintsho lwe-DC ephutheni elihamba kancane, kanye nokulungisa iphutha le-offset trimpot kuze kube ukubandakanya isikhiya esinensayo kungakhiqizi ushintsho olulinganisekayo enanini lesignali yephutha elikhiywe kancane uma liqhathaniswa nelokhiye osheshayo.
Iphutha le-offset trimpot lilungisa umehluko omncane (mV) kumasignali wephutha asheshayo futhi angasheshi. Ukulungisa i-trimpot kuqinisekisa ukuthi womabili amasekhethi esinxephezelo samaphutha asheshayo futhi ahamba kancane akhiya i-laser kumafrikhwensi afanayo.
7. Uma i-servo ivuleka ngokushesha lapho ifaka isikhiya esinensayo, zama ukuguqula UPHAWU OKUNGANENZI.
8. Uma i-servo ehamba kancane isavuleka ngokushesha, yehlisa ukuzuza kancane bese uzama futhi.
9. Uma ukukhiya okunensayo okuzinzile sekufinyelelwe nge-ERR OFFSET trimpot esethwe kahle, lungisa I-SLOW GAIN kanye ne-SLOW INT ukuze uthole ukuzinza okuthuthukisiwe.
4.3 Ukwenza ngcono
Injongo ye-servo ukukhiya i-laser ekuweleni uziro kwesiginali yephutha, ezoba nguziro ngokufana uma ikhiyiwe. Ngakho-ke umsindo kusignali yephutha uyisilinganiso sekhwalithi yokukhiya. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Spectrum yesiginali yephutha kuyithuluzi elinamandla lokuqonda nokwenza impendulo ibe ngcono. Ama-RF spectrum analyzers angasetshenziswa kodwa abiza kakhulu futhi anobubanzi obunomkhawulo wokuguquguquka. Ikhadi lomsindo elihle (24-bit 192 kHz, isb i-Lynx L22)
4.3 Ukwenza ngcono
29
ihlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa komsindo okufika kufrikhwensi ye-Fourier engu-96 kHz enobubanzi obungu-140 dB obuguqukayo.
Ngokufanelekile i-spectrum analyzer izosetshenziswa ne-self frequency discriminator engezwani nokuguquguquka kwamandla e-laser [11]. Imiphumela emihle ingatholwa ngokuqapha isignali yephutha le-loop kodwa isilinganiso esingaphandle kweluphu siyathandeka, njengokulinganisa ukudluliswa kwe-cavity ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-PDH. Ukuze uhlaziye isignali yephutha, xhuma isihlaziyi se-spectrum kokunye kokuphumayo kwe-MONITOR okusethwe kokuthi FAST ERR.
Ukukhiya komkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuzuza ukhiye ozinzile usebenzisa i-servo esheshayo kuphela, bese usebenzisa i-servo ehamba kancane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kokukhiya kwesikhathi eside. I-servo ehamba kancane iyadingeka ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukukhukhuleka okushisayo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-acoustic, okungaholela ku-mode-hop uma kunxeshezelwa ngokwamanje kuphela. Ngokuphambene, amasu okukhiya alula afana ne-saturated absorption spectroscopy ngokuvamile afinyelelwa ngokuthola ukhiye ozinzile nge-servo ehamba kancane, bese kusetshenziswa i-servo esheshayo ukunxephezela ukushintshashintsha kwefrikhwensi ephezulu kuphela. Kungase kube yinzuzo ukubonana nesakhiwo se-Bode (umfanekiso 4.3) lapho utolika i-spectrum yesignali yephutha.
Lapho ulungiselela i-FSC, kunconywa ukuthi uqale uthuthukise i-servo esheshayo ngokuhlaziya isignali yephutha (noma ukudluliselwa nge-cavity), bese i-servo ehamba kancane ukunciphisa ukuzwela ekuphazamisekeni kwangaphandle. Ikakhulukazi, imodi ye-SCAN+P inikeza indlela elula yokuthola uphawu lwempendulo futhi uthole okulungile.
Qaphela ukuthi ukuzuza ukukhiya kwefrikhwensi ezinzile kudinga ukulungiselelwa ngokucophelela kwezici eziningi zamathuluzi, hhayi nje amapharamitha e-FSC. Okwesiboneloample, okusele ampi-litude modulation (RAM) kumshini we-PDH kubangela ukukhukhuleka kusiginali yephutha, i-servo engakwazi ukuyinxephezela. Ngokufanayo, isilinganiso esibi sesignali-to-noise (SNR) sizofaka umsindo ngqo ku-laser.
Ikakhulukazi, ukuzuza okuphezulu kwezihlanganisi kusho ukuthi isikhiya singazwela kumaluphu aphansi ochungechungeni lokucubungula isignali, futhi
30
Isahluko 4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall locking
ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqedwe noma kuncishiswe lezi. Umhlaba we-FSC kufanele usondele ngangokunokwenzeka kukho kokubili isilawuli se-laser nanoma yiziphi izinto zikagesi ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni isignali yephutha.
Inqubo eyodwa yokuthuthukisa i-servo esheshayo ukusetha i-FAST DIFF ukuthi IVIKE futhi ulungise i-FAST GAIN, FAST INT kanye ne-GAIN LIMIT ukuze unciphise izinga lomsindo ngokusemandleni akho. Bese ulungiselela i-FAST DIFF ne-DIFF GAIN ukuze unciphise izingxenye zomsindo wemvamisa ephezulu njengoba kuphawulwe kusihlaziyi se-spectrum. Qaphela ukuthi izinguquko ku-FAST GAIN kanye ne-FAST INT zingase zidingeke ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhiya uma isihlukanisi sesethuliwe.
Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, isignali yephutha inomkhawulokudonsa futhi iqukethe kuphela umsindo ongahlobene kumafrikhwensi aphezulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhawulela isenzo se-servo kumafrikhwensi aphezulu ukuvimbela ukuhlanganisa lo msindo emuva kusignali yokulawula. Inketho yokuhlunga inikezwa ukunciphisa impendulo ye-servo esheshayo ngaphezu kwefrikhwensi ethile. Le nketho ayihlanganisi kuphela kumahlukanisi, futhi kufanele izanywe uma ukunika amandla isihlukanisi kubonakala kukhuphuka.
60
Thola (dB)
Imvamisa ephezulu. i-cutoff Isihlanganisi esiphindwe kabili
FAST INT FAST GET
INZUZO YE-FAST DIFF DIFF (umkhawulo)
40
20
Umhlanganisi
0
I-FAST LF GET (umkhawulo)
Umhlanganisi
Ngokulinganayo
Umhlukanisi
Hlunga
I-SLOW INT
20101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
I-Fourier frequency [Hz]
Umfanekiso 4.3: Isakhiwo se-Conceptual Bode esibonisa isenzo sezilawuli ezisheshayo (ezibomvu) nezinensa (eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Amafrikhwensi ekhona nemikhawulo yenzuzo kulungiswa ngamafindo ephaneli yangaphambili njengoba alebulwe.
4.3 Ukwenza ngcono
31
umsindo olinganisiwe.
I-servo ehamba kancane ingabese ithuthukiswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabela ngokweqile ekuphazamisekeni kwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kweluphu ye-servo ehamba kancane umkhawulo wokuzuza okuphezulu usho ukuthi i-servo esheshayo izosabela ekuphazamisekeni kwangaphandle (isb. ukuhlanganisa i-acoustic) futhi ushintsho oluwumphumela lwamanje lungabangela ama-mode-hop ku-laser. Ngakho-ke kuyancomeka ukuthi lokhu kuguquguquka (imvamisa ephansi) kunxeshezelwe ku-piezo esikhundleni salokho.
Ukulungisa i-SLOW GAIN kanye ne-SLOW INT ngeke ngempela kukhiqize ukuthuthuka ku-spectrum yesignali yephutha, kodwa uma kulungiselelwe kuzonciphisa ukuzwela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-acoustic futhi kwandise isikhathi sokukhiya.
Ngokufanayo, ukwenza kusebenze i-double-integrator (DIP2) kungase kuthuthukise ukuzinza ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi inzuzo iyonke yesistimu ye-servo ehamba kancane iphezulu kune-servo esheshayo kulawa maza aphansi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungabangela i-servo ehamba kancane ukuthi isabele ngokweqile ekuphazamisekeni kwefrikhwensi ephansi futhi isihlanganisi esiphindwe kabili sinconywa kuphela uma ukukhukhuleka kwesikhathi eside kwamanje kuphazamisa ukukhiya.
32
Isahluko 4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall locking
Imininingwane
Ipharamitha
Ukucaciswa
Umkhawulokudonsa Wenzuzo Yesikhathi (-3 dB) Ukubambezeleka kokusabalalisa Umkhawulokudonsa wemodulation wangaphandle (-3 dB)
> 35 MHz < 40 ns
> 35 MHz
Faka u-A NGAPHAKATHI, B EKUSHANENI OKUZUZA I-MOD IN LOCK IN
I-SMA, 1 M, ±2 5 V SMA, 1 M, 0 kuya +2 5 V SMA, 1 M, ±2 5 V SMA, 1 M, ±2 5 V 3.5 mm isixhumi somsindo wesifazane, i-TTL
Okokufaka kwe-analogue ku-over-voltage evikelwe kufika ku-±10 V. Okokufaka kwe-TTL kuthatha u-< 1 0 V njengokuphansi, > 2 0 V njengokuphakama. Okokufaka kwe-LOCK IN kungu -0 5 V ukuya ku-7 V, okusebenzayo kuphansi, umdwebo ±1 µA.
33
34
Isithasiselo A. Imininingwane
Ipharamitha
Okukhiphayo KULAMBISA UKUPHUMA NGOKUSHESHA QAPHELA 1, 2 TRIG AMANDLA A, B
Ukucaciswa
SMA, 50 , 0 kuya +2 5 V, BW 20 kHz SMA, 50 , ±2 5 V, BW > 20 MHz SMA, 50 , BW > 20 MHz SMA, 1M , 0 kuya +5 V M8 isixhumi sowesifazane, ±12 V, 125 mA
Yonke imiphumela ikhawulelwe ku-±5 V. 50 imiphumela engu-50 mA max (125 mW, +21 dBm).
Mechanical namandla
Okokufaka kwe-IEC
110 kuya ku-130V ku-60Hz noma 220 kuya ku-260V ku-50Hz
Fuse
5x20mm anti-surge ceramic 230 V/0.25 A noma 115 V/0.63 A
Ubukhulu
W×H×D = 250 × 79 × 292 mm
Isisindo
2 kg
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla
<10 W
Ukuxazulula inkinga
B.1 Imvamisa yelaser ayiskenwa
I-MOGlabs DLC enesignali yokulawula i-piezo yangaphandle idinga ukuthi isignali yangaphandle kufanele iwele i-1.25 V. Uma uqinisekile ukuthi isignali yakho yokulawula yangaphandle iwela i-1.25 V qinisekisa okulandelayo:
· I-DLC span ihambisana newashi ngokugcwele. IFREQUENCY ku-DLC inguziro (kusetshenziswa isibonisi se-LCD ukusetha
Imvamisa). · I-DIP9 (Ukushanela kwangaphandle) ye-DLC ivuliwe. · I-DIP13 ne-DIP14 ye-DLC ivaliwe. · Iswishi yokuguqula ilokhi ku-DLC isethwe ukuze ithi SKENA. I-SLOW OUT ye-FSC ixhunywe ku-SWEP / PZT MOD
okokufaka kwe-DLC. · SHAnela ku-FSC yi-INT. · I-FSC span ihambisana newashi ngokugcwele. Xhuma i-FSC MONITOR 1 ku-oscilloscope, setha i-MONI-
I-TOR 1 knob ukuya ku-RAMP futhi ulungise i-FREQ OFFSET kuze kube i-ramp Itholakala ku-1.25 V.
Uma ukuhlola okungenhla kungayixazululi inkinga yakho, nqamula i-FSC ku-DLC futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-laser iyaskena lapho ilawulwa nge-DLC. Xhumana nama-MOGLabs ukuze uthole usizo uma ungasebenzi.
35
36
Isithasiselo B. Ukuxazulula izinkinga
B.2 Uma usebenzisa okokufaka kokumodulation, okukhiphayo okusheshayo kuntanta kuvolumu enkulutage
Uma usebenzisa ukusebenza kwe-MOD IN ye-FSC (i-DIP 4 inikwe amandla) okukhiphayo okusheshayo ngokuvamile kuzontanta ku-pozitive vol.tage wesitimela, cishe 4V. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-MOD IN ifushanisiwe uma ingasetshenziswa.
B.3 Izimpawu zamaphutha amakhulu amakhulu
Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, isignali yephutha ekhiqizwe uhlelo lokusebenza ingaba yiphozithivu ngokuqinile (noma inegethivu) futhi ibe nkulu. Kulesi simo i-REF trimpot kanye ne-ERR OFFSET ingase ingahlinzeki ngoshintsho olwanele lwe-DC ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokukhiya oyifunayo iqondana no-0 V. Kulokhu kokubili u-CH A no-CH B angasetshenziswa noguquko lwe-INPUT olusethelwe ku-, CH B lusethelwe ku-PD kanye nevolumu ye-DC.tagkusetshenziswe ku-CH B ukuze kukhiqizwe i-offset edingekayo ukuze maphakathi nendawo yokukhiya. Njengesiboneloample, uma isignali yephutha iphakathi kuka-0 V no-5 V futhi iphoyinti lokukhiya libe ngu-2.5 V, bese uxhuma isignali yephutha ku-CH A bese usebenzisa u-2.5 V kuya ku-CH B. Ngokusetha okufanelekile isignali yephutha izobe isiba phakathi kuka -2 5 V kuya ku-+2 5 V.
B.4 Ama-rails okukhipha okusheshayo ku-±0.625 V
Kwabaningi be-MOGLabs ECDL, ivolumutagi-e swing engu-±0.625 V ekukhishweni okusheshayo (okuhambisana no-±0.625 mA okujovelwe ku-laser diode) ingaphezu kokudingekayo ukuze kukhiywe endaweni yokubona. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ibanga elikhudlwana ekukhipheni okusheshayo liyadingeka. Lo mkhawulo ungandiswa ngoshintsho olulula lwe-resistor. Sicela uthinte i-MOGLabs ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe uma kudingeka.
B.5 Impendulo idinga ukushintsha uphawu
Uma i-polarity yempendulo esheshayo ishintsha, imvamisa yingoba i-laser ikhukhuleke yangena esimweni semodi eminingi (izindlela ezimbili zangaphandle ezizungeza kanyekanye). Lungisa i-laser yamanje ukuze uthole ukusebenza kwemodi eyodwa, kunokuba uhlehlise i-polarity yempendulo.
B.6 Qapha ukuphuma kwesiginali engalungile
37
B.6 Qapha ukuphuma kwesiginali engalungile
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefekthri, okukhiphayo kwe-MONITOR knobs ngayinye kuyaqinisekiswa. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izikulufu ezisethiwe ezibambe inkinobho imile zingakhululeka futhi ifindo lingashelela, okubangele ukuthi ifindo libonise isignali engalungile. Ukuhlola:
· Xhuma okukhiphayo KWESIHLOKO ku-oscilloscope.
· Vula ifindo le-SPAN ngokugcwele njengewashi.
· Vula i-MONITOR ibe ngu-RAMP. Manje kufanele bagcine arampisignali yokufaka nge-oda ye-volt engu-1; uma ungakwenzi lokho kusho ukuthi indawo ye-knob ayilungile.
· Ngisho noma ugcina arampisignali yokufaka, indawo yeknobhu ingase ingalungile, vula ifindo lime ngendlela eyodwa ngokwewashi.
· Manje kufanele ube nesignali encane eduze kuka-0 V, futhi mhlawumbe ungabona u-r omncaneamp ku-oscilloscope ngokulandelana kwamashumi e-mV. Lungisa i-BIAS trimpot futhi kufanele ubone ampulwazi lwalokhu ramp ushintsho.
· Uma isignali ku-oscilloscope ishintsha njengoba ulungisa i-BIAS trimpot yakho yeknobhu ye-MONITOR ilungile; uma kungenjalo, khona-ke indawo yeknob ye-MONITOR idinga ukulungiswa.
Ukuze ulungise indawo yeknobhu ye-MONITOR, amasiginali okukhiphayo kufanele aqale akhonjwe kusetshenziswa inqubo efanayo eya ngenhla, futhi indawo yeknobhu ingazungeziswa ngokuxegisa izikulufu ezimbili ezibambe iphini endaweni, ngokhiye we-allen ongu-1.5 mm noma umshayeli webhola.
B.7 I-Laser idlula i-slow mode hops
Ama-hops emodi enensayo angabangelwa impendulo yokubona evela ku-elementi yokubona phakathi kwe-laser ne-cavity, ngokwesiboneloampi-fiber couplers, noma i-optical cavity ngokwayo. Izimpawu zihlanganisa imvamisa
38
Isithasiselo B. Ukuxazulula izinkinga
ukweqa kwe-laser egijima mahhala ezilinganisweni zesikhathi ezihamba kancane, zokuhleleka kwamasekhondi angu-30 lapho imvamisa ye-laser igxuma ngo-10 kuye ku-100 MHz. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-laser ine-optical isolation eyanele, ufake esinye isihlukanisi uma kunesidingo, futhi uvimbele noma yimiphi imizila yemishayo engasetshenziswa.
Isakhiwo se-C. PCB
C39
C59
R30
C76
C116
C166
C3
C2
P1
P2
C1
C9
C7
C6
C4
C5
P3
R1 C8 C10
R2
R338 D1
C378
R24
R337
R27
C15
R7
R28
R8
R66 R34
R340 C379
R33
R10
D4
R11 C60 R35
R342
R37
R343 D6
C380
R3 C16 R12
R4
C366 R58 R59 C31 R336
P4
R5 D8
C365 R347 R345
R49
R77 R40
R50 D3
C368 R344 R346
R75
C29 R15 R38 R47 R48
C62 R36 R46 C28
C11 C26
R339
R31 C23
C25
C54 C22 C24 R9
R74 C57
C33
C66 C40
U13
U3
U9
U10
U14
U4
U5
U6
U15
R80 R70 C27
C55 R42
C65 R32
R29 R65
R57 R78 R69
R71 R72
R79 R84
C67
R73
C68
C56
R76
R333
C42 C69
C367 R6
R334 C369
C13
R335
C43 C372 R14 R13
C373 C17
U1
R60 R17 R329
U16
R81 R82
C35
C362 R85 R331 C44 R87
C70
U25 C124
R180 C131
C140 R145
U42
R197 R184 C186 C185
I-MH2
C165 C194 C167 R186 R187 C183 C195 R200
C126 R325 R324
R168 C162 C184
C157 R148 R147
C163 C168
C158 R170
R95 C85 R166 R99 C84
C86
C75 R97 R96 C87
R83 C83
U26
U27 C92
R100 R101 R102 R106
R104 R105
C88 R98 R86
R341 C95 R107 C94
U38
C90 R109
R103 U28
C128 C89
C141
R140 R143
R108
U48
R146 C127
R185
U50 R326
U49
R332
R201
R191
R199 C202
R198 R190
C216
P8
U57
C221
C234
C222 R210 C217
C169 R192 R202
R195 C170
R171
U51
R203
R211
U58
C257
R213 C223 R212
R214 C203 C204 C205
C172 R194 C199
R327 C171 C160 R188 R172 R173
C93 R111 C96 C102 R144 R117
R110 R112
C98 C91
R115 R114
U31
C101
FB1
C148
FB2
C159
C109 C129
C149
C130
U29
C138
U32
C150
C112 R113
C100
C105 C99 C103 C152 C110
U33
C104 C111 C153
C133
R118 R124
R119 R122
R123
U34 R130 R120 R121
C161
C134
R169 U43
C132
C182 R157 C197
C189 R155 C201
C181 R156
C173
U56
C198 R193
C206
R189
C174
C196
U52
R196 R154 R151 R152 R153
R204 C187 C176 C179
U53
C180 C188 C190
C178
C200
C207
U54
C209
U55 C191
C192
C208 R205
U62 C210
R217 C177
C227 C241 C243 C242 R221
R223 C263
C232
C231
C225
U59
C226
C259
C237
C238
C240 C239
R206
U60
C261
R207 C260 R215
R218
R216
U61 C262
U66 R219
U68 R222
U67 R220
C258 C235 C236
C273
SW1
R225 R224
C266
C265
R228
U69
C269
R231 R229
U70
C270
U71
R234
C272
R226
U72
C71
C36
R16 R18
C14
C114
R131
C115
C58 R93
C46
C371
C370
R43 C45
R44
U11
R330 R92
R90 R89 R88 R91
R20
U7
R19
R39 C34
C72
R61
C73
C19
R45 C47
C41 C78
P5
R23
U8
R22
C375
C374 R41 R21
C37
C38
C30
C20
R52 C48 R51
C49
U2
C50
U17
U18
R55 R53 R62 R54
C63
R63 C52 R26
U12 R25
P6
C377 C376
R64 R56 C51
I-MH1
C53
C79
C74
C18
C113 R174 R175 R176 R177
C120
R128
R126 C106
R127 R125
U35 R132 U39
R141 C117 R129 R158
R142
C136 R134 R133 R138 R137
C135
C139 R161 R162 R163
C118
C119 R159
C121
U41 C137
R160 C147
C164
U40 C146
C193
R164 C123
C122
R139 R165
U44
C107
U45
C142
C144 R135 C145
R182
R178 R167
R181
I-RT1
C155 R149
C21 C12
U47
U46
U30 C108
U21 C77 U23 C82
U24 C64 U22 C81
U19 C61
R68 R67 U20 C32
P7
C97 R116
C80 R94
U36 C143
C151
R179
R150 C156
R183
R136 C154
C175
C252
C220
C228 C229 C230
U63
C248
C247
C211
C212 C213 C214
U64
C251
C250
C215
C219
R208 R209 C224
C218 C253
U65
C256
C255 C254
C249 C233
C246 C245
C274
C244
C264
C268 R230
C276
C271
C267
C275
R238 R237 R236 R235 R240 R239
R328
REF1 R257
C285 R246
C286 C284
R242
U73
R247
C281 R243
C280
U74
C287
R248
C289 R251 R252
R233 R227 R232
C282 R244 R245
U75
R269
C288 R250 R249
R253 R255
C290
R241
R254
U76
R272
C291
R256
U77
C294 C296
C283
C277
I-MH5
C292
C293
C279 C278
U37 C125
I-MH3
C295
C307 R265
Q1
C309
C303 R267 R268
C305
C301
I-MH6
R282
C312
R274 R283 R284
C322
C298
C300
R264 C297 R262
U78
R273 C311
C299
R263
C302
R261 R258 R259 R260
U79
C306
U80
C315
C313
R266
U81
R278 R275 R276
C304
R277
C316
R271 C308
R270
U82
C314
C318
U83
R280 R279 C321
C310
U84
R285 C317
C320
R281
C319
R290 R291
D11
D12
D13
D14
R287 R286
SW2
R297 R296
R289 R288
C334 C328 C364
R299 C330
R293 R292
C324
C331
R300
R298 C329
C333 C332
U85
C335
C323
C325
D15
R303
D16
C336
R301 R302 C342 C341
C337
U86
C343
C339
C346
R310 R307
R309
R308
I-MH8
C347 R305 R306
R315
R321
C345
P10
C344 C348
I-MH9
C349 R318 C350 R319 R317 R316
C352
P11
C351
C354
U87
I-MH10
C353
U88
C338
C340
R294
C363
MH4 P9
I-XF1
C358
R295
C326
C327
D17
R304
D18
U89
C355 C356
U91
U90
C361 R323
C357
C359
P12
C360
I-MH7
R313 R314 R320 R311 R312 R322
39
40
Isakhiwo se-Appendix C. PCB
D. 115/230 V ukuguqulwa
D.1 Fuse
I-fuse iyi-ceramic antisurge, 0.25A (230V) noma 0.63A (115V), 5x20mm, ngokwesibonelo.ample Littlefuse 0215.250MXP noma 0215.630MXP. Isibambi se-fuse yikhatriji ebomvu ngenhla nje kwendawo yokungena kagesi ye-IEC kanye neswishi eyinhloko ngemuva kweyunithi (Fig. D.1).
Umfanekiso D.1: I-Fuse catridge, ebonisa ukubekwa kwe-fuse ukuze isebenze ku-230 V.
D.2 120/240 V ukuguqulwa
Isilawuli singanikwa amandla ukusuka ku-AC ku-50 kuya ku-60 Hz, 110 kuya ku-120 V (100 V e-Japan), noma 220 kuya ku-240 V. Ukuze uguqule phakathi kuka-115 V no-230 V, i-fuse cartridge kufanele isuswe, futhi ifakwe kabusha ukuze ivolumu elungiletage ikhombisa ngefasitela lekhava futhi i-fuse efanele (njengangenhla) ifakiwe.
41
42
Isithasiselo D. 115/230 V ukuguqulwa
Umfanekiso D.2: Ukushintsha i-fuse noma ivolumutage, vula ikhava ye-fuse cartridge ngesikrudrayiva esifakwe endaweni encane emaphethelweni angakwesokunxele wekhava, kwesokunxele sevolthi ebomvu.tage inkomba.
Lapho ukhipha i-catridge ye-fuse, faka i-screwdriver endaweni yokuphumula kwesokunxele se-cartridge; ungazami ukukhipha usebenzisa i-screwdriver ezinhlangothini ze-fuseholder (bona izibalo).
AKULUNGILE!
KULUNGILE
Umfanekiso D.3: Ukuze ukhiphe i-fuse cartridge, faka i-screwdriver endaweni yokuphumula kwesokunxele se-cartridge.
Lapho ushintsha ivolumutage, i-fuse nesiqeshana sokubopha ibhuloho kufanele kushintshwe ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye, ukuze isiqeshana sebhuloho sihlale siphansi futhi i-fuse ihlale iphezulu; bheka izibalo ngezansi.
D.2 120/240 V ukuguqulwa
43
Umfanekiso D.4: 230 V ibhuloho (kwesokunxele) kanye ne-fuse (kwesokudla). Shintshanisa ibhuloho nefuse lapho ushintsha ivolumutage, ukuze i-fuse ihlale iphezulu kakhulu lapho ifakiwe.
Umfanekiso D.5: 115 V ibhuloho (kwesokunxele) kanye ne-fuse (kwesokudla).
44
Isithasiselo D. 115/230 V ukuguqulwa
I-Bibliography
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[2] U-Boris Lurie noPaul Enright. Ukulawulwa Kwempendulo Yakudala: Nge-MATLAB® kanye ne-Simulink®. CRC Press, 2011. 1
[3] Richard W. Fox, Chris W. Oates, kanye Leo W. Hollberg. Ukuzinzisa ama-laser e-diode emigodini ephezulu kakhulu. Izindlela zokuhlola kusayensi yemvelo, 40:146, 2003. 1
[4] RWP Drever, JL Hall, FV Kowalski, J. Hough, GM Ford, AJ Munley, kanye no-H. Ward. Isigaba se-laser nokuzinzisa imvamisa usebenzisa i-optical resonator. Uhlelo lokusebenza. Phys. B, 31:97 105, 1983. 1
[5] TW Ha¨nsch kanye no-B. Couillaud. Ukuqiniswa kwefrikhwensi ye-laser nge-polarization spectroscopy ye-reference cavity ekhombisayo. Ukuxhumana kwe-Optics, 35(3):441444, 1980. 1
[6] M. Zhu kanye ne-JL Hall. Ukuzinziswa kwesigaba sokubonwayo/imvamisa yesistimu ye-laser: ukufakwa kwelaser yodayi wentengiso ngesizinzisi sangaphandle. J. Khetha. I-Soc. Am. B, 10:802, 1993. 1
[7] GC Bjorklund. I-spectroscopy ye-frequency-modulation: indlela entsha yokulinganisa ukumuncwa okubuthakathaka nokuhlakazeka. Khetha. Lett., 5:15, 1980. 1
[8] UJoshua S Torrance, uBen M Sparkes, uLincoln D Turner, noRobert E Scholten. I-Sub-kilohertz laser linewidth incipha kusetshenziswa i-polarization spectroscopy. I-Optics express, 24(11):11396 11406, 2016. 1
45
[10] W. Demtr¨oder. I-Laser Spectroscopy, Imiqondo Eyisisekelo kanye Nezinsimbi. Springer, Berlin, 2e edition, 1996. 1
[11] LD Turner, KP Weber, CJ Hawthorn, kanye no-RE Scholten. Ukulingiswa komsindo wemvamisa yolayini omncane namalaser e-diode. Khetha. Ukuxhumana, 201:391, 2002. 29
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