moglabs PID ngwa ngwa Servo Controller
Nkọwapụta
- Ụdị: MOGLabs FSC
- Ụdị: Onye njikwa servo
- Intended Use: Laser frequency stabilisation and linewidth narrowing
- Primary Application: High-bandwidth low-latency servo control
Ntuziaka ojiji ngwaahịa
Okwu mmalite
The MOGLabs FSC is designed to provide high-bandwidth low-latency servo control for laser frequency stabilisation and linewidth narrowing.
Basic Feedback Control Theory
Feedback frequency stabilisation of lasers can be complex. It is recommended to review control theory textbooks and literature on laser frequency stabilisation for a better understanding.
Njikọ na njikwa
Njikwa Ogwe ihu
The front panel controls are used for immediate adjustments and monitoring. These controls are essential for real-time adjustments during operation.
Njikwa ogwe azụ na njikọ
The rear panel controls and connections provide interfaces for external devices and peripherals. Properly connecting these ensures smooth operation and compatibility with external systems.
Mgbanwe DIP dị n'ime
The internal DIP switches offer additional configuration options. Understanding and correctly setting these switches are crucial for customizing the controller’s behavior.
FAQ
ụlọ ọrụ santec
Ngwa ngwa servo njikwa
Ụdị 1.0.9, ngwaike Mkpu 2
Mmachi nke ibu
MOG Laboratories Pty Ltd (MOGLabs) anaghị ewere ụgwọ ọ bụla sitere na iji ozi dị n'ime akwụkwọ ntuziaka a. Akwụkwọ a nwere ike ịnwe ma ọ bụ rụtụ aka na ozi na ngwaahịa echekwara site na nwebiisinka ma ọ bụ patent anaghị ebufe ikike ọ bụla n'okpuru ikike patent MOGLabs, ma ọ bụ ikike nke ndị ọzọ. MOGLabs agaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka ntụpọ ọ bụla na ngwaike ma ọ bụ sọftụwia ma ọ bụ mfu ma ọ bụ ezughị oke nke data nke ụdị ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ maka mmebi ọ bụla kpọmkwem, nke na-apụtaghị ìhè, na mberede, ma ọ bụ na-akpata ya na njikọ ma ọ bụ na-esite na arụmọrụ ma ọ bụ iji ngwaahịa ya ọ bụla. . Mmachi nke ibu n'elu ga-adabakwa n'otu aka ahụ na ọrụ ọ bụla MOGLabs nyere.
Nwebiisinka
Nwebiisinka © MOG Laboratories Pty Ltd (MOGLabs) 2017 2025. Ọ nweghị akụkụ nke akwụkwọ a nwere ike ịmegharị, chekwaa na sistemụ eweghachi, ma ọ bụ bufee ya, n'ụdị ọ bụla ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla, eletrọnịkị, igwe igwe, ịseomi foto ma ọ bụ uzọ ọzọ, na-enweghị akwụkwọ edeburu mbụ. ikike nke MOGLabs.
Kpọtụrụ
Maka ozi ndị ọzọ, biko kpọtụrụ:
MOG Laboratories P/L 49 University St Carlton VIC 3053 AUSTRALIA +61 3 9939 0677 info@moglabs.com www.moglabs.com
Santec LIS Corporation 5823 Ohkusa-Nenjozaka, Komaki Aichi 485-0802 JAPAN +81 568 79 3535 www.santec.com
Okwu mmalite
MOGLabs FSC na-enye ihe ndị dị oke egwu nke njikwa servo dị obere bandwidth bandwidth dị elu, nke e bu n'obi maka nkwụsi ike ugboro laser na mbelata linewidth. Enwere ike iji FSC maka ya ampnjikwa litude, maka exampka ịmepụta "onye na-eri mkpọtụ" nke na-eme ka ike anya nke laser kwụsie ike, ma n'ime akwụkwọ ntuziaka a, anyị na-eche na ọ bụ ngwa ngwa nke nkwụsịtụ ugboro ugboro.
1.1 Ozizi njikwa nzaghachi ndabere
Nkwụsi ike ugboro nzaghachi nke laser nwere ike gbagwojuru anya. Anyị na-agba ndị na-agụ ume ka ha degharịaview akwụkwọ nchịkwa nchịkwa [1, 2] na akwụkwọ na nkwụsi ike ugboro laser [3].
E gosipụtara echiche nke njikwa nzaghachi schematically na foto 1.1. A na-eji ihe ịkpa ókè na-atụ ugboro nke laser ahụ nke na-ebute mgbaama njehie nke dabara na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ugboro laser ozugbo na oge achọrọ ma ọ bụ setpoint. Ndị ịkpa oke a na-ahụkarị gụnyere oghere anya na Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) [4] ma ọ bụ nchọpụta Ha¨nsch-Couillaud [5]; mkpọchi mkpọchi [6]; ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche nke atomiki absorption spectroscopy [7].
0
+
Mgbama mperi
Servo
Mgbama njikwa
Laser
dV/df Ugboro ịkpa oke
Ọgụgụ 1.1: Eserese ngọngọ dị mfe nke njikwa nzaghachi nzaghachi.
1
2
Isi nke 1. Okwu Mmalite
1.1.1 Mgbama mperi
Isi ihe a na-ahụkarị na njikwa nzaghachi bụ na mgbaàmà njehie ejiri maka njikwa kwesịrị ịtụgharị akara ka ugboro laser na-agbanwe n'elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ebe a na-esetịpụ, dị ka ọ dị na 1.2. Site na mgbaama njehie ahụ, servo nzaghachi ma ọ bụ onye nkwụghachi ụgwọ na-ewepụta akara njikwa maka transducer na laser, nke mere na a na-ebugharị ugboro laser gaa ebe achọrọ. N'ụzọ dị oke egwu, akara njikwa a ga-agbanwe akara ka mgbaàmà njehie na-agbanwe akara, na-ahụ na a na-ebugharị ugboro laser mgbe niile gaa n'ebe ntọala, kama ịpụ na ya.
Njehie
Njehie
f
0
Ugboro f
f Ugboro f
ERROR OFFSET
Onyonyo 1.2: Mgbama njehie na-ekesa usoro ihe ọmụma, dabara na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ugboro laser na ugboro setpoint. Nkwụghachi na mgbaama njehie na-atụgharị ebe mkpọchi (n'aka nri).
Rịba ama ọdịiche dị n'etiti mgbaama njehie na akara njikwa. Mgbama mperi bụ ihe dị iche n'etiti ugboro laser n'ezie na nke achọrọ, nke na ụkpụrụ na-adị ngwa ngwa na enweghị mkpọtụ. A na-enweta akara njikwa site na mgbaama njehie site na servo nzaghachi ma ọ bụ onye nkwụghachi ụgwọ. Mgbama njikwa ahụ na-eme ka onye na-eme ihe dị ka transducer piezo-eletrik, ịgbanye ugbu a nke diode laser, ma ọ bụ ihe acousto-optic ma ọ bụ electro-optic modulator, nke mere na ugboro laser na-alaghachi na ntọala. Ndị na-eme ihe nwere ọrụ nzaghachi gbagwojuru anya, yana ogologo oge, uru na-adabere ugboro ugboro, na mpụta. Onye nkwụghachi ụgwọ kwesịrị ịkwalite nzaghachi njikwa iji belata njehie ahụ na nke kacha nta enwere ike.
1.1 Ozizi njikwa nzaghachi ndabere
3
1.1.2 Nzaghachi ugboro ugboro nke servo nzaghachi
A na-akọwakarị ọrụ nzaghachi servos n'usoro nke nzaghachi ugboro anọ nke Fourier; ya bụ, uru nke nzaghachi dị ka ọrụ nke ugboro nke ọgba aghara. Maka example, ọgba aghara a na-ahụkarị bụ ugboro ugboro, = 50 Hz ma ọ bụ 60 Hz. Ọgbaghara ahụ ga-agbanwe ugboro ole laser site n'ụfọdụ ego, na ọnụego 50 ma ọ bụ 60 Hz. Mmetụta nke ọgba aghara ahụ na laser nwere ike ịdị ntakịrị (dịka ọmụmaatụ = 0 ± 1 kHz ebe 0 bụ ugboro laser na-enweghị nsogbu) ma ọ bụ buru ibu (= 0 ± 1 MHz). N'agbanyeghị oke ọgba aghara a, ugboro anọ nke nsogbu ahụ bụ 50 ma ọ bụ 60 Hz. Iji gbochie ọgba aghara ahụ, servo nzaghachi kwesịrị inwe uru dị elu na 50 na 60 Hz iji nwee ike ịkwụ ụgwọ.
Uru nke onye na-ahụ maka servo na-enwekarị oke pere mpe, na-akọwakarị ya site na oke uru-bandwidth nke op.amps eji na servo njikwa. Uru ahụ ga-adaba n'okpuru uru ịdị n'otu (0 dB) n'ogo dị elu iji zere ịkpata oscillations na njikwa njikwa, dị ka mgbaka dị elu ama ama nke sistemụ ọdịyo (nke a na-akpọkarị "nzaghachi ọdịyo"). Ntugharị ndị a na-eme maka ugboro ugboro karịa ngbanwe nke opekempe mgbasa mgbasa nke laser jikọtara ọnụ, ịkpa ókè ugboro, servo na actuator. Ọ na-abụkarị oge nzaghachi nke onye na-eme ihe na-achịkwa oke a. Maka piezos eji na oghere diode lasers dị n'èzí, njedebe na-abụkarị kHz ole na ole, na maka nzaghachi mgbanwe nke diode laser, oke dị gburugburu 100 ruo 300kHz.
Ọgụgụ 1.3 bụ atụmatụ echiche nke uru megide ugboro Fourier maka FSC. Iji wedata njehie ugboro laser, mpaghara dị n'okpuru atụmatụ uru kwesịrị ka ukwuu. PID (proportal integral and differential) servo controllers bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, ebe akara njikwa bụ nchikota nke ihe atọ sitere na otu mgbama njehie ntinye. Nzaghachi nke nhatanha (P) na-anwa ịkwụ ụgwọ ngwa ngwa maka ọgbaghara, ebe nzaghachi ntinye aka (I) na-enye uru dị elu maka nkwụsịtụ na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa, na nzaghachi dị iche (D) na-agbakwụnye uru ọzọ maka mgbanwe mberede.
4
Isi nke 1. Okwu Mmalite
Nweta (dB)
Ugboro ugboro. cutoff Ugboro abụọ integrator
60
Uru ngwa ngwa INT ngwa ngwa
ỤRỤ ỤMỤ ỤWA Ọsọ ọsọ (oke)
40
20
Onye ndozi
0
Ọsọ ọsọ LF uru (oke)
Onye ndozi
Nha nhata
Onyeiche
Iyo
Ngwa ngwa INT
20101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Ugboro anọ [Hz]
Ọgụgụ 1.3: Atụmatụ Bode Conceptual na-egosi omume nke ngwa ngwa (acha uhie uhie) na ngwa ngwa (acha anụnụ anụnụ). Onye njikwa na-adịghị ngwa bụ ma ọ bụ otu ma ọ bụ ihe ntinye okpukpu abụọ nwere ugboro nkuku nwere ike ịhazigharị. Onye na-ahụ maka ngwa ngwa bụ PID nwere nkuku na-agbanwe agbanwe ma nweta oke n'ogo dị ala na nke dị elu. Nhọrọ, enwere ike gbanyụọ onyeiche ma jiri nzacha dị ala dochie ya.
Njikọ na njikwa
2.1 Njikwa ihu ihu
N'ihu panel nke FSC nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke nhazi nhọrọ nke na-ekwe ka omume servo na-emegharị na kachasị mma.
Biko mara na mgba ọkụ na nhọrọ nwere ike ịdịgasị iche n'etiti nlebanya ngwaike, biko lelee ntuziaka maka ngwaọrụ gị akọwapụtara dị ka nọmba nsonazụ gosipụtara.
Onye njikwa servo ngwa ngwa
AC DC
Ntinye
PD 0
REF
CHB
+
Akara ngwa ngwa
+
Akara nwayo
INT
75 100 250
50k 100k 200k
10M 5M 2.5M
50
500
20k
500k gbanyụrụ
1M
25
750k
1M 200k
750k
Gbanyụọ
1k gbanyụrụ
2M 100k
500k
EXT
50k
250k
25k
100k
SPAN
Ọnụọgụgụ
Ngwa ngwa INT
Ngwa ngwa INT
Ọsọ ọsọ/Nzacha
12
6
18
0
24
BIAS
FEQ OFFSET
Uru nwayo
Uru Ọsọ
ỤRỤ ỤTA
30 20 10
0
40
50
Akwụ
60
Nyochaa
Mkpọchi MAX
Nwayọọ nwayọọ
Nweta ikike
Nyochaa nyocha+P
Mkpọchi
Ọsọ
ERR OFFSET
ỌNỌDỤ
ERR dị nwayọọ
RAMP
ERR dị ngwa ngwa
BIAS
CHB
Ọsọ
CHA
Nwayọọ nwayọọ
MON1
ERR dị nwayọọ
RAMP
ERR dị ngwa ngwa
BIAS
CHB
Ọsọ
CHA
Nwayọọ nwayọọ
MON2
2.1.1 Configuration INPUT Selects error signal coupling mode; see figure 3.2. AC Fast error signal is AC-coupled, slow error is DC coupled. DC Both fast and slow error signals are DC-coupled. Signals are DC-coupled, and the front-panel ERROR OFFSET is applied for control of the lock point. CHB Selects input for channel B: photodetector, ground, or a variable 0 to 2.5 V reference set with the adjacent trimpot.
Akara ngwa ngwa Akara ngosi nzaghachi ngwa ngwa. Akara ngwa ngwa Akara ngosi nzaghachi ngwa ngwa.
5
6
Njikọ na njikwa
2.1.2 Ramp njikwa
Ihe dị n'ime ramp jenerato na-enye ọrụ nzacha maka nyocha ugboro ole laser site na piezo actuator, diode injection current, ma ọ bụ abụọ. Mbupute akpalite mekọrịtara na ramp A na-enye ya na azụ azụ (TRIG, 1M).
INT/EXT Ime ma ọ bụ mpụga ramp maka nyocha ugboro ugboro.
RATE Trimpot iji mezie ọnụego nzacha dị n'ime.
BIAS Mgbe enyere DIP3 aka, a na-agbakwunye mmepụta ngwa ngwa, nke ejiri trimpot a mee ihe, na mmepụta ngwa ngwa. A na-achọkarị ihe nlegharị anya n'ihu n'ihu mgbe ị na-edozi piezo actuator nke ECDL iji gbochie ịbịpụta ọnọdụ. Agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ ndị na-ahụ maka laser enyelarị ọrụ a (dị ka MOGLabs DLC) na ekwesịrị iji ya naanị mgbe enyeghị ya ebe ọzọ.
SPAN na-edozi ramp ịdị elu, ya mere oke nke mkpochapụ ugboro ugboro.
FREQ OFFSET na-edozi nkwụghachi DC na mmepụta ngwa ngwa, na-enye ngbanwe nke ọma nke ugboro laser.
2.1.3 mgbanwe loop
Ụdị akaghị aka na-enye ohere maka uru nke nha nhata, ntinye na iche iche stages a ga-edozi. N'ihi na integrator na differentiator stages, uru a na-egosi na okwu nke unit uru ugboro, mgbe ụfọdụ na-ezo dị ka nkuku ugboro.
Ngwa ngwa INT akụkụ ugboro nke ngwa ngwa servo integrator; enwere ike gbanyụọ ma ọ bụ gbanwee site na 25 Hz ruo 1 kHz.
ỤRỤ ỤWA ỤWA Otu-atụgharị nwayọọ nwayọọ uru servo; site na -20 dB ruo +20 dB.
Ngwa ngwa INT nkuku ugboro nke ngwa ngwa servo integrator; gbanyụọ ma ọ bụ gbanwee site na 10 kHz ruo 2 MHz.
2.1 Njikwa ihu ihu
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ỤRỤ ỌGWỤGWỤ NDỊ MMADỤ NDỊ MMADỤ 10 ọsọ ọsọ servo nha nha uru; site na -50 dB ruo +XNUMX dB.
Ọsọ ọsọ/Nzacha na-achịkwa nzaghachi servo dị elu. Mgbe atọrọ ka “gbanyụọ”, nzaghachi servo ga-adaba nhata. Mgbe a tụgharịrị gaa n'aka elekere, a na-eme ka ihe dị iche nwee ike site na ugboro nkuku jikọtara ya. Rịba ama na ibelata ugboro nkuku na-abawanye ọrụ nke onyeiche. Mgbe atọrọ na uru etinyere n'okpuru, ihe dị iche na-enwe nkwarụ kama kama a na-etinye nzacha dị ala na mmepụta servo. Nke a na-eme ka nzaghachi ahụ pụta n'elu ugboro ole akọwapụtara.
DIFF enweta oke uru ugboro ugboro na servo ngwa ngwa; Mmụba nke ọ bụla na-agbanwe uru kachasị site na 6 dB. Enweghị mmetụta ọ gwụla ma enwere ike ime ihe dị iche iche; ya bụ, ọ gwụla ma edobere ngwa ngwa DIFF ka ọ bụrụ uru na-edoghị akara.
2.1.4 Njikwa mkpọchi
GAIN LIMIT Oke uru obere ugboro na servo ngwa ngwa, na dB. MAX na-anọchi anya uru kacha dị.
ERROR OFFSET DC defet etinyere na mgbaama mperi mgbe edobere ọnọdụ INPUT na . Ọ bara uru maka nzizigharị ebe mkpọchi ma ọ bụ kwụọ ụgwọ maka mkpagharị na mgbaama njehie. The trimpot dị n'akụkụ bụ maka ịhazigharị njehie nke servo dị nwayọọ n'ihe gbasara servo ngwa ngwa, enwere ike gbanwee iji hụ na servos na-agba ọsọ na ngwa ngwa gaa n'otu oge.
SLOW na-etinye servo ngwa ngwa site na ịgbanwe SCAN ka ọ bụrụ mkpọchi. Mgbe atọrọ na NESTED, njikwa ngwa ngwa voltage na-enye nri n'ime mgbaàmà njehie ngwa ngwa maka uru dị elu na obere ugboro na enweghị onye na-eme ihe ejikọrọ na mmepụta ngwa ngwa.
FAST na-achịkwa servo ngwa ngwa. Mgbe atọrọ na SCAN + P, a na-enye nzaghachi nha anya na mmepụta ngwa ngwa mgbe laser na-enyocha ya, na-ekwe ka a gbanwee nzaghachi. Ịgbanwe na LOCK na-akwụsị nyocha ahụ ma tinye njikwa PID zuru oke.
8
Isi nke 2. Njikọ na njikwa
STATUS Ngosipụta ọtụtụ agba na-egosipụta ọkwa mkpọchi.
Agbanye ọkụ ndụ ndụ, agbanyụrụ mkpọchi. Mkpọchi Orange na-arụ ọrụ mana mgbaama mperi adịghị nso, na-egosi mkpọchi
adaala. Mkpọchi Blue na-arụ ọrụ yana mgbaama njehie dị na oke.
2.1.5 Nleba anya mgbaàmà
Ihe ngbanwe rotary abụọ na-ahọrọ nke n'ime akara ndị a kapịrị ọnụ ka ebugara na azụ-panel MONITOR 1 na MONITOR 2. Ihe mmepụta TRIG bụ mmepụta dakọtara na TTL (1M) nke na-agbanwe site na ala ruo elu n'etiti etiti mkpochapụ. Tebụl dị n'okpuru na-akọwa akara ngosi.
CHA CHB ngwa ngwa njehie ngwa ngwa ERRAMP BIAS ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa
Ntinye ntinye Channel B mgbama njehie nke ngwa ngwa servo Error ejiri nke servo R jiri nwayọ na-eji.amp dị ka etinyere na Slow OUT Ramp dị ka etinyere ya na FAST OUT mgbe DIP3 nyere mgbama njikwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa
2.2 n'azụ panel njikwa na njikọ
9
2.2 n'azụ panel njikwa na njikọ
Nyochaa 2 Mkpọchi
Nyochaa 1
SARA NA
Nweta
B IN
A IN
Oghere Usoro:
ONYE
Ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa
MOD NA
IKE B
IKE A
Njikọ niile bụ SMA, ewezuga dịka ekwuru. Ntinye niile karịrị voltage chebere ruo ± 15 V.
IEC ike dị na unit kwesịrị ịtọọ ya na volta kwesịrị ekwesịtage maka obodo gị. Biko hụ mgbakwunye D maka ntuziaka maka ịgbanwe ọkụ ọkọnọ voltage ọ bụrụ na achọrọ.
Ntinye mgbama A IN, B IN mperi maka ọwa A na B, na-ahụkarị fotodetectors. Mgbochi dị elu, oke aha ± 2 5 V. Channel B adịghị eji ya ma ọ bụrụ na CHB mgba ọkụ na ihu ihu ka edobere na PD.
IKE A, B Ike DC dị ala maka ndị na-achọpụta foto; ± 12 V, 125 mA, nke enyere site na njikọ M8 (nọmba TE Connectivity part 2-2172067-2, Digikey A121939-ND, 3-ụzọ nwoke). Dakọtara na MOGLabs PDA na Thorlabs fotodetectors. A ga-eji ya na eriri M8 ọkọlọtọ, maka example Digikey 277-4264-ND. Gbaa mbọ hụ na agbanyụrụ fotodetector mgbe ejikọtara ya na akụrụngwa ọkụ iji gbochie ịwapụta ihe ha ga-esi na ya pụta.
Urite na Voltage-achịkwa nha nha nke servo ngwa ngwa, ± 1 V, kwekọrọ na njedebe zuru oke nke oghere ihu ihu. Dochie njikwa ihu FAST GAIN mgbe agbanyere DIP1.
IWU NA Mpụga ramp ntinye na-enye ohere maka nyocha ugboro ugboro, 0 ruo 2.5 V. Signal ga-agafe 1.25 V, nke na-akọwapụta etiti nke nzacha na ebe mkpọchi dị nso.
10
Isi nke 2. Njikọ na njikwa
3 4
1 + 12 V
1
3-12V
4 0V
Ọgụgụ 2.1: M8 njikọ pinout maka IKE A, B.
MOD N'ime ntinye modul bandwit dị elu, agbakwunyere ozugbo na mmepụta ngwa ngwa, ± 1 V ma ọ bụrụ na DIP4 dị. Rịba ama na ọ bụrụ na DIP4 dị, MOD IN kwesịrị jikọọ na ọkọnọ, ma ọ bụ kwụsị nke ọma.
Jiri nwayọ nwayọ ma ọ bụ na-ejikwa mmepụta akara, 0 v2.5 vXNUMX V. na-ejikọ ya na ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Piezo ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ na-adịghị ọcha.
Ngwa ngwa ngwa mmepụta akara njikwa ngwa ngwa, ± 2 5 V. A na-ejikọtakarị ya na injection diode current, acousto- ma ọ bụ electro-optic modulator, ma ọ bụ ngwa ngwa ndị ọzọ.
Nyochaa 1, 2 Mwepụta mgbaama ahọpụtara maka nleba anya.
TRIG Mpụta TTL dị ala ruo elu na etiti ịsa ahụ, 1M .
Mkpọchi na TTL nyocha / njikwa mkpọchi; Njikọ stereo 3.5 mm, aka ekpe / aka nri (ntụtụ 2, 3) maka mkpọchi ngwa ngwa / ngwa ngwa; ala (ala) na-arụ ọrụ (mee ka mkpọchi). Mgbanwe nyocha/mkpọchi n'ihu ga-adịrịrị na SCAN maka mkpọchi IN nwere mmetụta. Digikey USB CP-2207-ND na-enye nkwụnye 3.5 mm na njedebe waya; na-acha uhie uhie maka mkpọchi nwayọ, obere ojii maka mkpọchi ngwa ngwa, na nnukwu ojii maka ala.
321
1 Ground 2 Mkpọchi ngwa ngwa 3 Mkpọchi dị nwayọ
Ọgụgụ 2.2: 3.5 mm njikọ stereo pinout maka njikwa nyocha / mkpọchi TTL.
2.3 Mgbanwe ime DIP
11
2.3 Mgbanwe ime DIP
Enwere ọtụtụ mgba ọkụ DIP dị n'ime nke na-enye nhọrọ ndị ọzọ, ha niile edobere na agbanyụrụ na ndabara.
Ịdọ aka ná ntị Enwere ike ikpughe na elu voltages n'ime FSC, karịsịa gburugburu ike ọkọnọ.
Gbanyụọ
1 Nweta ngwa ngwa
Mpempe ihu ihu
2 Nzaghachi ngwa ngwa Otu ihe ntinye
3 Anya
Ramp iji nwayọ naanị
4 MOD Mpụga agbanyụrụ
5 dechapụ
Nkịtị
6 kpochapu
Nke dị mma
7 Ngwa ngwa njikọ DC
8 Nkwụghachi ngwa ngwa
0
NA mgbama mpụga Ugboro abụọ integrator Ramp iji ngwa ngwa ma jiri nwayọ Kwanyere akadobere na midpoint Negative AC -1 V
DIP 1 Ọ bụrụ NA, a na-ekpebi uru servo ngwa ngwa site n'ikike etinyere na njikọ azụ-ahụ uru kama ịbụ n'ihu-panel FAST GAIN knob.
DIP 2 Slow servo bụ otu (gbanyụọ) ma ọ bụ okpukpu abụọ (ON). Kwesịrị ịgbanyụ ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji ọnọdụ ọrụ servo nwayọ na ngwa ngwa.
DIP 3 Ọ bụrụ NA, mepụta ihe nhụsianya ugbu a n'ogo na mmepụta servo dị nwayọ iji gbochie ọnọdụ-hops. Naanị mee ka ọ bụrụ na njikwa laser enyebeghị ya. Kwesịrị ịgbanyụ mgbe ejiri FSC yana MOGLabs DLC.
DIP 4 Ọ bụrụ NA, na-enyere mgbanwe mpụga site na njikọ MOD IN n'azụ panel. A na-agbakwunye modulation ozugbo na FAST OUT. Mgbe enyere ya mana anaghị eji ya, MOD IN ga-akwụsịrịrị iji gbochie omume achọghị.
DIP 5 Ọ bụrụ NA, gbanyụọ mkpisi aka n'ihu-panel ma dozie nkwụghachi ahụ na etiti etiti. Ọ bara uru na ọnọdụ nzacha mpụga, iji zere na mberede
12
Isi nke 2. Njikọ na njikwa
na-agbanwe ugboro laser site n'ịkụnye mkpọ mkpọda.
DIP 6 Na-atụgharị ntụzịaka nke ịsa ahụ.
DIP 7 ngwa ngwa AC. Kwesịrị ịgbanwuo, nke mere na mgbama njehie ngwa ngwa bụ AC yana servos nzaghachi, yana oge na-adịgide adịgide nke 40 ms (25 Hz).
DIP 8 Ọ bụrụ NA, a-1 V akwụkwụ na-ewebata ngwa ngwa. DIP8 kwesịrị ịpụ mgbe eji FSC na MOGLabs lasers.
Feedback control loops
FSC nwere ọwa nzaghachi abụọ yiri nke nwere ike ịkwọ ndị na-eme ihe abụọ n'otu oge: onye na-eme ihe na-adịghị ngwa ngwa, nke a na-ejikarị na-agbanwe ugboro ole laser site na nnukwu ego na obere oge, yana onye na-eme ihe nke abụọ "ngwa ngwa". FSC na-enye njikwa ziri ezi nke s ọ bụlatage nke servo loop, yana mkpochapụ (ramp) generator na adaba mgbaama nlekota oru.
Ntinye
Ntinye
+
AC
ERR OFFSET
DC
A IN
A
0v
+
B
B IN
0v +
VREF
0v
CHB
Akara ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa AC [7] ngọngọ DC
Akara nwayo
MODULATION & SWEEP
Ọnụọgụgụ
Ramp
INT/EXT
Mkpọda [6] KWESỊRỊ
SPAN
0v
+
OFFSET
MOD NA
0v
Mod [4]
0v
Nkwụghachi ụgwọ akwụrụ [5]
0v
ONYE
0v 0v
+
BIAS
0v 0v
Ajọrọ njọ [3]
Mkpọchi (ngwa ngwa) Mkpọchi (nwayọọ) ngwa ngwa = Mkpọchi ngwa ngwa = Mkpọchi
LF kpochapu
Ọsọ ọsọ +
Ọsọ ọsọ ọrụ
Irite uru ngwa ngwa
Uru mpụga [1] P
+
I
+
0v
Akwụ
Ọsọ = Mkpọchi akpọchi (ngwa ngwa)
D
0v
SERVO ngwa ngwa
Iri mpe mpe mpe mperi rite uru nwayọ
Ngwa ngwa INT
#1
LF kpochapu
Ngwa ngwa INT
+
#2
0v
Ngwakọta okpukpu abụọ [2]
Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ
Ọgụgụ 3.1: Atụmatụ nke MOGLabs FSC. Akara akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-ezo aka na njikwa n'ihu-panel na ntinye na azụ-panel, aja aja bụ n'ime ime DIP switches, na-acha odo odo bụ mmepụta na azụ-panel.
13
14
Isi nke 3. loops njikwa nzaghachi
3.1 Ntinye stage
Ntinye stage nke FSC (ọnụọgụ 3.2) na-ebute mgbaama njehie dị ka VERR = VA - VB - VOFFSET. A na-ewere VA site na njikọ SMA "A IN", na VB ka edobere site na iji CHB selector switch, nke na-ahọrọ n'etiti "B IN" SMA njikọ, VB = 0 ma ọ bụ VB = VREF dị ka e debere n'akụkụ trimpot.
Onye njikwa na-eme ihe iji mee ka mgbaama njehie dị na efu, nke na-akọwa ebe mkpọchi. Ngwa ụfọdụ nwere ike irite uru site na obere mgbanwe na ọkwa DC iji dozie ebe mkpọchi a, nke enwere ike nweta ya na 10-turn knob ERR OFFSET maka ihe ruru ± 0 1 V, ma ọ bụrụhaala na edobere onye na-ahọrọ INPUT ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ "offset" (). Enwere ike nweta nkwụsị nke ukwuu site na iji trimpot REF.
Ntinye
Ntinye
+ AC
ERR OFFSET
DC
A IN
A
0v
+
B
B IN
Akara ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa AC [7] FE ngwa ngwa ERR
DC ngọngọ
Njehie ngwa ngwa
0v +
VREF
0v
CHB
Akara nwayo
Mperi nwayo SE SLOW ERR
Ọgụgụ 3.2: Nhazi nke ntinye FSC stage na-egosi njikọ njikọ, nkwụsị na njikwa polarity. A na-enyocha akara hexagons dị site na ngbanwe ndị na-ahọrọ ihe nleba anya n'ihu.
3.2 Loop servo dị nwayọ
Ọgụgụ 3.3 na-egosi nhazi nzaghachi ngwa ngwa nke FSC. Agbanwe uru stage na-eji mkpịsị ugodi SLOW GAIN n'ihu na-achịkwa ya. Omume nke onye na-ahụ maka njikwa bụ ma ọ bụ otu-ma ọ bụ okpukpu abụọ
3.2 Loop servo dị nwayọ
15
dabere ma agbanyere DIP2. A na-achịkwa oge ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa site na n'ihu-panel SLOW INT knob, nke akpọrọ n'usoro nke ugboro nkuku jikọtara.
SERVO ngwa ngwa
Iri mpe mpe mpe mperi rite uru nwayọ
Ndị mmekọ
Ngwa ngwa INT
#1
LF kpochapu
Ngwa ngwa INT
+
#2
0v
Ngwakọta okpukpu abụọ [2]
Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ
LF nwayo
Ọgụgụ 3.3: Nhazi nke nzaghachi ngwa ngwa I/I2 servo. A na-enyocha akara hexagons dị site na ngbanwe ndị na-ahọpụta panel n'ihu.
Site na otu ntinye, uru ahụ na-abawanye na ugboro anọ dị ala, yana mkpọda nke 20 dB kwa afọ. Ịtinye ihe ntinye nke abụọ na-abawanye mkpọda gaa na 40 dB kwa afọ, na-ebelata nkwụghachi ogologo oge n'etiti oge n'ezie na nhazi oge. Ịbawanye uru nke ukwuu na-ebute oscillation ka onye njikwa "na-ewe iwe" na mgbanwe na mgbama njehie. N'ihi nke a, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ bara uru igbochi uru nke akara aka na obere ugboro, ebe nzaghachi buru ibu nwere ike ime ka ọnọdụ laser-hop.
servo dị nwayọọ na-enye nnukwu ohere iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka mkpagharị ogologo oge na mmekpa ahụ nke ụda olu, na onye na-eme ngwa ngwa nwere obere oke mana nnukwu bandwidth iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ọgba aghara ngwa ngwa. Iji ihe ntinye okpukpu abụọ na-eme ka o doo anya na servo ngwa ngwa nwere nzaghachi kachasị na obere oge.
Maka ngwa ndị na-agụnyeghị onye na-eme ngwa ngwa dị iche iche, enwere ike ịgbakwunye akara njikwa ngwa ngwa (njehie otu ma ọ bụ okpukpu abụọ) na ngwa ngwa site na ịtọ ụda Slow na "NESTED". N'ime ọnọdụ a, a na-atụ aro ka onye na-ejikọta ihe abụọ na ọwa dị nwayọọ na-enwe nkwarụ na DIP2 iji gbochie njikọ atọ.
16
Isi nke 3. loops njikwa nzaghachi
3.2.1 Atụ nzaghachi servo dị nwayọ
Emebere loop servo dị nwayọ maka nkwụghachi ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa. Iji hụ nzaghachi loop dị nwayọ:
1. Tọọ MONITOR 1 ka ọ bụrụ Slow ERR wee jikọọ mmepụta na oscilloscope.
2. Tọọ MONITOR 2 ka ọ dị nwayọọ wee jikọọ mmepụta na oscilloscope.
3. Set INPUT to (offset mode) and CHB to 0.
4. Dezie ERR OFFSET knob ruo mgbe ọkwa DC egosipụtara na SLOW ERR Monitor dị nso na efu.
5. Dezie FREQ OFFSET knob ruo mgbe ọkwa DC gosiri na SOW Monitor dị nso na efu.
6. Tọọ volts kwa nkewa na oscilloscope ka 10mV kwa nkewa maka abụọ ọwa.
7. Jikọọ akaghị aka servo ngwa ngwa site na ịtọ ọnọdụ SLOW na mkpọchi.
8. Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee eriri ERR OFFSET nke mere na ọkwa DC gosiri na SLOW ERR monitor na-agagharị n'elu na n'okpuru efu site na 10 mV.
9. Dị ka mgbaama njehie agbakwunyere na-agbanwe akara, ị ga-ahụ mgbanwe mmepụta ngwa ngwa site na 250 mV.
Rịba ama na oge nzaghachi maka servo dị nwayọọ na-agafe na njedebe ya na-adabere n'ọtụtụ ihe gụnyere uru ngwa ngwa, ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa oge na-agbanwe agbanwe, otu ma ọ bụ okpukpu abụọ, na nha nke mgbaàmà njehie.
3.2 Loop servo dị nwayọ
17
3.2.2 Mpụta ngwa ngwa voltage swing (naanị maka FSC serials A04… na n'okpuru)
A haziri mmepụta nke loop servo ji nwayọọ nwayọọ maka oke 0 ruo 2.5 V maka ndakọrịta na MOGLabs DLC. Ntinye njikwa piezo DLC SWEEP nwere voltage uru nke 48 nke mere na ntinye kachasị nke 2.5 V rụpụtara na 120 V na piezo. Mgbe a na-etinye aka na servo loop ngwa ngwa, mmepụta ngwa ngwa ga-agbanye naanị site na ± 25 mV metụtara uru ya tupu itinye aka. Nke a mmachi bụ ụma, ka ịzena laser mode hops. Mgbe eji ngwa ngwa nke FSC na-eji MOGLabs DLC mee ihe, 50 mV swing na mmepụta nke ọwa nwayọọ nke FSC kwekọrọ na 2.4 V na-atụgharị na piezo vol.tage nke dabara na ngbanwe nke ugboro laser gburugburu 0.5 ruo 1 GHz, ma e jiri ya tụnyere oghere nlegharị anya n'efu nke oghere ntụaka.
Maka iji ya na njikwa laser dị iche iche, enwere ike ịme mgbanwe dị ukwuu na mmepụta ngwa ngwa nke FSC site na mgbanwe mgbanwe dị mfe. A na-akọwa uru na mmepụta nke ntanye nzaghachi ngwa ngwa site na R82/R87, oke nke resistors R82 (500) na R87 (100 k). Ka iwelie mmepụta ngwa ngwa, mụbaa R82/R87, nke a na-eme nke ọma site n'ibelata R87 site na piggybacking ọzọ resistor n'otu aka ahụ (SMD ngwugwu, nha 0402). Maka example, na-agbakwunye 30 k resistor dị na 100 k resistor dị ugbu a ga-enye nguzogide dị irè nke 23 k na-enye mmụba nke mmepụta ngwa ngwa site na ± 25 mV ruo ± 125 mV. Ọgụgụ 3.4 na-egosi nhazi FSC PCB gburugburu opamp U16.
R329
U16
C36
C362 R85 R331 C44 R87
C71
C35
R81 R82
Onyonyo 3.4: Nhazi FSC PCB n'okirikiri ngwa ngwa nke ikpeazụamp U16, na uru ntọala resistors R82 na R87 (gburugburu); nha 0402.
18
Isi nke 3. loops njikwa nzaghachi
3.3 ngwa ngwa servo loop
Nzaghachi ngwa ngwa servo (nọmba 3.5) bụ PID-loop nke na-enye njikwa ziri ezi na nke ọ bụla n'ime nha nha (P), integral (I) na iche iche (D) nzaghachi, yana uru zuru oke nke usoro dum. Mpụta ngwa ngwa nke FSC nwere ike si na -2.5 V gaa na 2.5 V nke, mgbe ejikọtara ya na MOGLabs cavity cavity diode laser, nwere ike inye swing ugbu a nke ± 2.5 mA.
Ọsọ ọsọ ọrụ
Nweta
Uru mpụga [1]
Uru Ọsọ
Njehie ngwa ngwa
Njikwa nwayọ
0v
+ AKWỤKWỌ
Ọsọ = Mkpọchi akpọchi (ngwa ngwa)
PI
D
0v
+
Njikwa ngwa ngwa
Ọgụgụ 3.5: Nhazi nke nzaghachi ngwa ngwa servo PID njikwa.
Onyonyo 3.6 na-egosi atụmatụ echiche nke omume nke ma ngwa ngwa servo loops. Na obere ugboro, ngwa ngwa integrator (I) loop na-achị. Iji gbochie ọsọ ọsọ servo loop over-reacting na obere ugboro (acoustic) perturbation mpụga, a na-etinye oke uru ugboro ugboro nke GAIN LIMIT knob na-achịkwa.
N'ogo etiti etiti (10 kHz1 MHz) nzaghachi nha (P) na-achịkwa. Ugboro nkuku ịdị n'otu nke nzaghachi nha nha gafere nzaghachi agbakwunyere na-achịkwa FAST INT knob. N'ozuzu uru nke P loop ka edobere ya FAST GAIN trimpot, ma ọ bụ site na akara njikwa mpụga site na njikọ azụ-GAIN IN njikọ.
3.3 ngwa ngwa servo loop
19
60
Nweta (dB)
Ugboro ugboro. cutoff Ugboro abụọ integrator
Uru ngwa ngwa INT ngwa ngwa
ỤRỤ ỤMỤ ỤWA Ọsọ ọsọ (oke)
40
20
Onye ndozi
0
Ọsọ ọsọ LF uru (oke)
Onye ndozi
Nha nhata
Onyeiche
Iyo
Ngwa ngwa INT
20101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Ugboro anọ [Hz]
Ọgụgụ 3.6: Atụmatụ Bode Conceptual na-egosi omume nke ngwa ngwa (red) na ngwa ngwa (acha anụnụ anụnụ). Onye njikwa na-adịghị ngwa bụ ma ọ bụ otu ma ọ bụ ihe ntinye okpukpu abụọ nwere ugboro nkuku nwere ike ịhazigharị. Onye na-ahụ maka ngwa ngwa bụ ihe nkwụghachi ụgwọ PID nwere nkuku na-agbanwe agbanwe ma nweta oke na obere na ugboro dị elu. Nhọrọ, enwere ike gbanyụọ onyeiche ma jiri nzacha dị ala dochie ya.
Ugboro dị elu (1 MHz) na-achọkarị loop dị iche ka ọ na-achị maka mkpọchi ka mma. Ihe dị iche iche na-enye nkwụghachi ụgwọ nke usoro maka oge nzaghachi njedebe nke usoro ahụ ma nwee uru nke na-abawanye na 20 dB kwa afọ. Enwere ike idozi ugboro nkuku nke loop dị iche site na Knob FAST DIFF/FILTER iji jikwaa ugboro ole nzaghachi dị iche na-achị. Ọ bụrụ na edobere FAST DIFF/FILTER ka ọ bụrụ gbanyụọ, mgbe ahụ, a ga-enwe nkwarụ dị iche na nzaghachi ya na-adaba na ugboro ole dị elu. Iji gbochie oscillation ma kpachie mmetụta nke ụda ụda dị elu mgbe a na-etinye aka na nzaghachi nzaghachi dị iche, enwere oke uru na-agbanwe agbanwe, DIFF GAIN, nke na-egbochi ihe dị iche iche na ugboro ugboro.
A naghị achọkarị ihe dị iche, ma onye na-akwụ ụgwọ nwere ike rite uru site na nzacha obere ngafe nke nzaghachi ngwa ngwa servo iji belata mmetụta nke mkpọtụ. Tụgharịa ngwa ngwa DIFF/FILTER
20
Isi nke 3. loops njikwa nzaghachi
knob na-aga n'ihu elekere site na ọnọdụ gbanyụọ iji tọọ ugboro mpịakọta maka ọnọdụ nzacha.
servo ngwa ngwa nwere ụdị ọrụ atọ: SCAN, SCAN + P na LOCK. Mgbe atọrọ na SCAN, nzaghachi na-enwe nkwarụ na naanị nhụsianya ka a na-etinye na mmepụta ngwa ngwa. Mgbe atọrọ na SCAN + P, a na-etinye nzaghachi nha anya, nke na-enye ohere maka ikpebi akara servo ngwa ngwa na uru mgbe ọnụọgụ laser ka na-enyocha, na-eme ka usoro mkpọchi na nhazi dị mfe (lee §4.2). Na ọnọdụ LOCK, akwụsịla nyocha ahụ yana nzaghachi PID zuru ezu na-arụ ọrụ.
3.3.1 Atụ nzaghachi servo ngwa ngwa
Akụkụ abụọ ndị a na-akọwa nha nke nzaghachi nhata yana dị iche maka mgbanwe na mgbaama njehie. Jiri ihe na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka mgbaama njehie, yana oscilloscope tụọ nzaghachi.
1. Jikọọ MONITOR 1, 2 na oscilloscope, ma tọọ ndị na-ahọrọ na ngwa ngwa ERR na ngwa ngwa.
2. Set INPUT to (offset mode) and CHB to 0.
3. Jikọọ generator ọrụ na ntinye CHA.
4. Hazie onye na-emepụta ihe iji mepụta 100 Hz sine wave nke 20 mV kacha elu.
5. Gbanwee ERR OFFSET knob dị otú ahụ na mgbaàmà njehie sinusoidal, dị ka a na-ahụ na FAST ERR monitor, na-adabere na efu.
3.3.2 Ịtụ nzaghachi nha nha · Welata ogologo oge ka ọ bụrụ efu site na ịtụgharị SPAN knob zuru oke na elekere elekere.
Tọọ ngwa ngwa ka SCAN+P iji tinye aka na nzaghachi nha anya.
3.3 ngwa ngwa servo loop
21
· Na oscilloscope, mmepụta ngwa ngwa nke FSC kwesịrị igosi 100 Hz sine ife.
· Hazie knob FAST GAIN ka ị gbanwee nha nha nke servo ngwa ngwa ruo mgbe nsonaazụ ahụ bụ otu. amplitude dị ka ntinye.
Iji tụọ nzaghachi ugboro ole nzaghachi nha nha, gbanwee ugboro nke onye na-emepụta ihe na-enyocha ya amplitude nke nzaghachi mmepụta FAST. Maka example, mụbaa ugboro ruo mgbe amplitude na-ebelata ọkara, iji chọta ugboro uru -3 dB.
3.3.3 Ịtụ nzaghachi dị iche
1. Tọọ ngwa ngwa INT ka gbanyụọ iji gbanyụọ akaghị aka.
2. Tọọ ọsọ ọsọ na ịdị n'otu site na iji usoro akọwara na ngalaba dị n'elu.
3. Tọọ DIFF GAIN ka ọ bụrụ 0 dB.
4. Tọọ ngwa ngwa DIFF/Nyocha na 100 kHz.
5. Kpochapụ ugboro ole onye na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ site na 100 kHz ruo 3 MHz ma nyochaa mmepụta ngwa ngwa.
6. Ka ị na-ehichapụ ugboro mgbaàmà njehie, ị kwesịrị ịhụ uru ịdị n'otu na ugboro niile.
7. Tọọ DIFF GAIN ka ọ bụrụ 24 dB.
8. Ugbu a ka ị na-ehichapụ ugboro ugboro mgbaàmà njehie, ị kwesịrị ịhụ 20 dB kwa afọ mkpọ mkpọda na-abawanye mgbe 100 kHz ga-amalite ịgbapụ na 1 MHz, na-egosi op.amp bandwit ókè.
Enwere ike gbanwee uru nke mmepụta ngwa ngwa site n'ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ resistor, ma sekit dị mgbagwoju anya karịa maka nzaghachi ngwa ngwa (§3.2.2). Kpọtụrụ MOGLabs maka ozi ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya.
22
Isi nke 3. loops njikwa nzaghachi
3.4 Modulation na nyocha
A na-achịkwa nyocha laser site na igwe na-emepụta ihe na-ekpochapụ n'ime ma ọ bụ mgbama nzacha mpụga. Ntucha nke ime bụ sawtooth nwere oge agbanwe agbanwe ka edobere ya na mgba ọkụ ọnọdụ anọ dị n'ime (App. C), yana otu ntụgharị trimpot RATE n'ihu-panel.
Enwere ike itinye aka na loops servo ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa site na akara TTL na mgbanaka ihu-ogbe jikọtara azụ. Ịtọ n'otu akaghị aka na LOCK na-akwụsị ịsa ahụ ma rụọ ọrụ nkwụsi ike.
MODULATION & SWEEP
INT/EXT
ONYE
Ọnụọgụgụ
Ramp
Mkpọda [6] KWESỊRỊ
SPAN
0v
+
OFFSET
0v
0v
Nkwụghachi ụgwọ akwụrụ [5]
Njikwa ngwa ngwa MOD IN
Mod [4]
0v
0v 0v
+
BIAS
0v 0v
Ajọrọ njọ [3]
Mkpọchi (ngwa ngwa)
Mkpọchi (nwayọọ)
Ọsọ = Mkpọchi ngwa ngwa = Mkpọchi
RAMP RA
LF kpochapu
BIAS BS
Ọsọ ọsọ +
HF ngwa ngwa
Ọgụgụ 3.7: Sweep, mgbanwe mpụga, na nhụsianya dị ugbu a.
Ihe ramp nwekwara ike ịgbakwunye ngwa ngwa na mmepụta ngwa ngwa site n'ịkwalite DIP3 na ịhazigharị trimpot BIAS, ma ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka laser (dị ka MOGLabs DLC) ga-emepụta ihe dị mkpa dị ugbu a na-adabere na akara servo dị nwayọọ, na nke ahụ ọ dịghị mkpa ịmepụta ya n'ime FSC.
4. Ngwa example: Pound-Drever Ụlọ Nzukọ akpọchi
Ngwa a na-ahụkarị nke FSC bụ igbachi laser na oghere anya site na iji usoro PDH (fig. 4.1). Oghere ahụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ịkpa ókè ugboro ugboro, na FSC na-eme ka laser na-ada ụda na oghere site na ịchịkwa laser piezo na ugbu a site na mmepụta ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa n'otu n'otu, na-ebelata eriri laser. Ihe ndetu ngwa dị iche (AN002) dị nke na-enye ndụmọdụ bara uru zuru oke gbasara itinye ngwa PDH.
Oscilloscope
ONYE
CH1
CH2
Laser
Piezo SMA mod ugbu a
EOM
PBS
PD
Onye njikwa DLC
PZT MOD
AC
oghere LPF
Nyochaa 2 Nlebaanya 1 Mkpọchi
Ịbanye na uru
B IN
A IN
Oghere Usoro:
ONYE
Ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa MOD IN
IKE B IKE A
Ọgụgụ 4.1: Atụmatụ dị mfe maka mkpọchi oghere PDH site na iji FSC. Onye na-ahụ maka electro-optic modulator (EOM) na-emepụta sidebands, nke na-emekọrịta ihe na oghere ahụ, na-emepụta ntụgharị uche nke a tụrụ na fotodetector (PD). Iwetu akara ngosi fotodetector na-emepụta mgbaama njehie PDH.
Enwere ike iji ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche mepụta akara mperi, nke agaghị atụle ebe a. Ndị fọdụrụ n'isiakwụkwọ a na-akọwa otu esi enweta mkpọchi ozugbo emepụtara mgbaama njehie.
23
24
Isi nke 4. Ngwa example: Pound-Drever Ụlọ Nzukọ akpọchi
4.1 Laser na nhazi nhazi
FSC dakọtara na ụdị lasers na njikwa dị iche iche, ma ọ bụrụhaala na ahaziri ha nke ọma maka ụdị ọrụ achọrọ. Mgbe ị na-anya ECDL (dị ka MOGLabs CEL ma ọ bụ LDL lasers), ihe achọrọ maka laser na njikwa bụ ndị a:
· Mgbanwe bandwit dị elu ozugbo n'ime isi oche laser ma ọ bụ modulator nke oghere intra-cavity.
· Elu-voltage piezo akara si na mgbama njikwa mpụga.
· Ọgbọ na-enyefe (“bias current”) maka lasers chọrọ nhụsianya nke 1 mA n'ofe nyocha ha. FSC nwere ike iwepụta enweghị isi ugbu a n'ime mana enwere ike ịnwe oke ya site na igwe eletrọnịkị isi ma ọ bụ saturation modulator nke oge, yabụ enwere ike ịdị mkpa iji nhụsianya nke onye njikwa laser nyere.
Enwere ike ịhazi MOGLabs laser controllers na headboards ngwa ngwa iji nweta omume achọrọ, dị ka akọwara n'okpuru.
4.1.1 Nhazi isi
Laser MOGLabs gụnyere bọọdụ ime nke na-ejikọta ihe ndị ahụ na njikwa. A chọrọ bọọdụ isi nke gụnyere mgbanwe mgbanwe ngwa ngwa ugbu a site na njikọ SMA maka ịrụ ọrụ na FSC. Ekwesịrị ijikọ headboard ozugbo na FSC FAST OUT.
A na-atụ aro isi oche B1240 maka bandwit modulation kachasị, ọ bụ ezie na B1040 na B1047 bụ ihe ngbanwe a na-anabata maka lasers na-adabaghị na B1240. The headboard nwere ọtụtụ jumper switches nke a ga-ahazi maka ntinye DC jikọtara na buffered (BUF), ebe ọdabara.
4.2 Nweta mkpọchi mbụ
25
4.1.2 DLC nhazi
Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịhazi FSC maka ịsachapụ n'ime ma ọ bụ nke mpụga, ọ dị mfe karị iji ọnọdụ ịsa ahụ ma debe DLC dị ka ngwaọrụ ohu dị ka ndị a:
1. Jikọọ ngwa ngwa ka SWEEP / PZT MOD na DLC.
2. Kwado DIP9 (mpụga ịsa ahụ) na DLC. Gbaa mbọ hụ na agbanyụrụ DIP13 na DIP14.
3. Gbanyụọ DIP3 (Ọgbọ Bias) nke FSC. DLC na akpaghị aka na-ewepụta nhụsianya na-aga n'ihu ugbu a site na ntinye nzacha, yabụ na ọ dịghị mkpa iwepụta ajọ mbunobi n'ime FSC.
4. Tọọ SPAN na DLC ka ọ kachasị (n'akụkụ elekere).
5. Tọọ FREQUENCY na DLC na efu site na iji ihe ngosi LCD iji gosi ugboro ole.
6. Gbaa mbọ hụ na SWEEP na FSC bụ INT.
7. Tọọ FREQ OFFSET na etiti etiti yana SPAN zuru ezu na FSC wee lelee nyocha laser.
8. Ọ bụrụ na iṅomi ahụ na-ezighị ezi, tụgharịa DIP4 nke FSC ma ọ bụ DIP11 nke DLC.
Ọ dị mkpa na anaghị edozi SPAN knob nke DLC ozugbo edobere dị ka n'elu, n'ihi na ọ ga-emetụta nzaghachi nzaghachi ma nwee ike igbochi FSC ka ọ ghara ikpochi. Ekwesịrị iji njikwa FSC mee ihe iji dozie mkpochapụ ahụ.
4.2 Nweta mkpọchi mbụ
Enwere ike iji njikwa SPAN na OFFSET nke FSC na-emegharị laser ka ọ gafee ebe mkpọchi achọrọ (dịka resonance oghere) yana ibugharị n'ime obere nyocha gburugburu resonance. Ndị a
26
Isi nke 4. Ngwa example: Pound-Drever Ụlọ Nzukọ akpọchi
nzọụkwụ bụ ihe atụ nke usoro achọrọ iji nweta mkpọchi kwụsiri ike. Ụkpụrụ ndị e depụtara bụ ihe na-egosi, ọ ga-adịkwa mkpa ka a gbanwee ya maka ngwa ndị akọwapụtara. A na-enye ndụmọdụ ndị ọzọ maka ịkwalite mkpọchi ahụ na §4.3.
4.2.1 Mkpọchi na nzaghachi ngwa ngwa
1. Jikọọ mgbaàmà njehie na ntinye A IN na azụ-panel.
2. Gbaa mbọ hụ na mgbaàmà njehie bụ nke 10 mVpp.
3. Set INPUT to (offset mode) and CHB to 0.
4. Tọọ MONITOR 1 ka ọ bụrụ ERR ngwa ngwa wee hụ na oscilloscope. Gbanwee eriri ERR OFFSET ruo mgbe ọkwa DC egosiri bụ efu. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị mkpa iji ERROR OFFSET knob iji dozie ọkwa DC nke mgbaàmà njehie, enwere ike ịtọ mgbanwe INPUT na DC na ERROR OFFSET knob agaghị enwe mmetụta, na-egbochi mgbanwe mberede.
5. Belata uru dị ngwa na efu.
6. Tọọ ngwa ngwa ka SCAN+P, tọọ SCAN ka ọ bụrụ SCAN, wee chọta resonance site na iji njikwa sweep.
7. Na-abawanye uru ngwa ngwa ruo mgbe a hụrụ mgbaàmà njehie ka ọ "gbatịa" dị ka egosiri na foto 4.2. Ọ bụrụ na ahụghị nke a, tụgharịa gbanwee akara ngosi ngwa ngwa wee nwaa ọzọ.
8. Tọọ ngwa ngwa DIFF ka gbanyụọ ma nweta LIMIT ruo 40. Belata ngwa ngwa INT na 100 kHz.
9. Tọọ ọnọdụ FAST na mkpọchi na onye njikwa ga-akpọchi na efu-agafe nke mgbaàmà njehie. Ọ nwere ike ịdị mkpa ime obere mgbanwe na FREQ OFFSET iji kpọchie laser.
10. Welie mkpọchi ahụ site n'ịgbanwe FAST GAIN na FAST INT mgbe ị na-ekiri mgbaàmà njehie. Ọ nwere ike ịdị mkpa ịmegharị servo mgbe emezigharịrị ihe ntinye.
4.2 Nweta mkpọchi mbụ
27
Ọgụgụ 4.2: Nyochaa laser na nzaghachi P-naanị na mmepụta ngwa ngwa mgbe ị na-enyocha ngwa ngwa na-eme ka mgbaàmà njehie (oroma) gbasaa mgbe akara na uru ziri ezi (n'aka nri). N'ime ngwa PDH, nnyefe oghere (acha anụnụ anụnụ) ga-agbatịkwa.
11. Ụfọdụ ngwa nwere ike irite uru site na ịba ụba ngwa ngwa DIFF iji melite nzaghachi loop, mana nke a anaghị adị mkpa iji nweta mkpọchi mbụ.
4.2.2 Mkpọchi na nzaghachi nwayọ
Ozugbo enwetara mkpọchi site na nzaghachi ngwa ngwa nha na ngwa mgbakwunye, nzaghachi ngwa ngwa kwesịrị itinye aka na akaụntụ maka drifts ngwa ngwa yana nghọta maka mmetụ ụda olu dị ala.
1. Tọọ SLOOW GAIN n'etiti etiti yana Slow INT ruo 100 Hz.
2. Tọọ ọnọdụ FAST na SCAN + P ka ị kpọghee laser, ma dozie SPAN na OFFSET ka ị wee hụ ebe efu efu.
3. Tọọ MONITOR 2 ka ọ dị nwayọọ ERR wee hụ na oscilloscope. Hazie trimpot n'akụkụ ERR OFFSET iji weta mgbama mperi nwayọ na efu. Ịmezi trimpot a ga-emetụta naanị ọkwa DC nke mgbaama mperi nwayọ, ọ bụghị mgbama njehie ngwa ngwa.
4. Relock laser site na ịtọ ọnọdụ ngwa ngwa na mkpọchi ma mee obere mgbanwe ọ bụla dị mkpa na FREQ OFFSET iji kpochie laser.
28
Isi nke 4. Ngwa example: Pound-Drever Ụlọ Nzukọ akpọchi
5. Tọọ ọnọdụ nwayọ ka ọ bụrụ mkpọchi wee hụ akara mgbaama mpe mpe. Ọ bụrụ na mkpọchi servo nwayọ, ọkwa DC nke mperi nwayọ nwere ike ịgbanwe. Ọ bụrụ na nke a emee, rịba ama uru ọhụrụ nke mgbaama njehie ahụ, tọọ SLOW azụ na SCAN wee jiri mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe ya ga-eweta mgbaama mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mpe mperi ekpochiri wee nwaa ịmegharị mkpọchi nwayọ.
6. Iterate gara aga nzọụkwụ nke nwayọọ kpochidoro laser, na-ekiri DC mgbanwe na ngwa ngwa njehie, na imezi njehie offset trimpot ruo mgbe itinye ngwa ngwa mkpọchi adịghị emepụta a tụrụ atụ mgbanwe na ngwa ngwa ekpochi veso ngwa ngwa ekpochi njehie akara uru.
Njehie offset trimpot na-ahazi maka obere (mV) dị iche na mgbama mgbama ọsọ ọsọ na ngwa ngwa. Idozi trimpot na-eme ka o doo anya na sekit ndị na-akwụghachi ụgwọ ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa na-agbachi laser n'otu oge.
7. Ọ bụrụ na servo meghere ozugbo na itinye aka na mkpọchi nwayọ, gbalịa gbanwee akara ngwa ngwa.
8. Ọ bụrụ na servo ngwa ngwa ka na-emeghe ozugbo, belata uru ngwa ngwa wee gbalịa ọzọ.
9. Ozugbo a na-enweta mkpọchi nwayọ nwayọ na ERR OFFSET trimpot nke edoziri nke ọma, dozie uru ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa INT maka nkwụsi ike mkpọchi ka mma.
4.3 nkwalite
Ebumnuche nke servo bụ ịgbachi laser ka ọ gafee efu nke mgbaàmà njehie, nke ga-abụ efu efu mgbe akpọchiri ya. Ya mere mkpọtụ na mgbaama njehie bụ ihe nleba anya nke mma mkpọchi. Nyocha Spectrum nke mgbaàmà njehie bụ ngwá ọrụ dị ike maka nghọta na ịkwalite nzaghachi. Enwere ike iji ihe nyocha RF ụdịdị dị iche iche mana ha dị oke ọnụ ma nwee oke ike. Kaadị ụda dị mma (24-bit 192 kHz, dịka Lynx L22)
4.3 nkwalite
29
na-enye nyocha mkpọtụ ruo ugboro anọ nke 96 kHz yana oke ike 140 dB.
N'ezie, a ga-eji ihe nyocha nke ụdịdị dị iche iche na ịkpa oke ugboro ole nọọrọ onwe ya nke na-enweghị mmetụta maka mgbanwe ike laser [11]. Enwere ike nweta nsonaazụ dị mma site n'ịleba anya na mgbaama njehie in-loop mana ọ ka mma nha nke na-apụ apụ, dị ka ịlele nnyefe oghere na ngwa PDH. Iji nyochaa mgbaama njehie ahụ, jikọọ onye nyocha ụdịdị dị iche iche na otu n'ime ihe MONITOR setịpụrụ na FAST ERR.
Mkpọchi bandwit dị elu na-agụnye ibu ụzọ nweta mkpọchi kwụsiri ike site na iji naanị servo ngwa ngwa, wee jiri servo nwayọ mee ka nkwụsi ike mkpọchi ogologo oge. Achọrọ servo ngwa ngwa iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka mkpagharị ọkụ na mmetụ ụda, nke ga-ebute ọnọdụ-hop ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri naanị ugbu a kwụọ ụgwọ ya. N'ụzọ dị iche, a na-enweta usoro mkpọchi dị mfe dị ka ihe nleba anya nnabata zuru oke site na ibu ụzọ nweta mkpọchi kwụsiri ike na servo dị nwayọ, wee jiri servo ngwa ngwa kwụọ ụgwọ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe dị elu naanị. Ọ nwere ike ịba uru ịlele atụmatụ Bode (nọmba 4.3) mgbe ị na-akọwa ụdị mgbaàmà njehie.
Mgbe ị na-ebuli FSC, a na-atụ aro ka ibu ụzọ bulie servo ngwa ngwa site na nyocha nke mgbaàmà njehie (ma ọ bụ nnyefe site na oghere), wee servo ngwa ngwa iji belata mmetụta na mmejọ mpụga. Karịsịa, ọnọdụ SCAN+P na-enye ụzọ dabara adaba iji nweta akara nzaghachi wee nweta ihe ziri ezi.
Rịba ama na ịnweta mkpọchi ugboro kachasị kwụsiri ike chọrọ njikarịcha nke ọma nke ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ngwa, ọ bụghị naanị parampat nke FSC. Maka example, ihe fọdụrụ ampmodulation litude (RAM) n'ime ngwa PDH na-ebute mkpagharị na mgbaama njehie, nke servo enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ. N'otu aka ahụ, oke mgbaàmà na-adịghị mma (SNR) ga-enye mkpọtụ ozugbo na laser.
Karịsịa, uru dị elu nke ndị na-ejikọta ya pụtara na mkpọchi nwere ike ịmasị ala loops na mgbama-nhazi yinye, na
30
Isi nke 4. Ngwa example: Pound-Drever Ụlọ Nzukọ akpọchi
ekwesịrị iji nlezianya kpochapụ ma ọ bụ belata ihe ndị a. Ụwa nke FSC kwesịrị ịdị nso dị ka o kwere mee ma onye na-ahụ maka laser na ngwá electronic ọ bụla na-etinye aka na ịmepụta mgbaàmà njehie.
Otu usoro maka ịkwalite servo ngwa ngwa bụ ịtọ FAST DIFF ka ọ bụrụ gbanyụọ ma dozie FAST GAIN, FAST INT na GAIN LIMIT iji belata ọkwa mkpọtụ dị ka o kwere mee. Welitezie FAST DIFF na DIFF GAIN iji belata akụrụngwa mkpọtụ ugboro ugboro dị ka achọpụtara na nyocha ụdịdị. Rịba ama na mgbanwe na FAST GAIN na FAST INT nwere ike ịchọ ka ebuli mkpọchi ahụ ozugbo ewebatara ihe dị iche.
N'ime ngwa ụfọdụ, mgbama njehie bụ bandwit nwere oke yana naanị mkpọtụ enweghị njikọ na ugboro dị elu. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ bụ ihe na-achọsi ike ịkwụsị ọrụ nke servo n'ogo dị elu iji gbochie ijikọ ụda a azụ n'ime akara njikwa. A na-enye nhọrọ nzacha iji belata nzaghachi servo ngwa ngwa karịa otu ugboro. Nhọrọ a bụ ihe dị iche iche na onye dị iche, ma a ga-anwale ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ahụ ka onye dị iche na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu.
60
Nweta (dB)
Ugboro ugboro. cutoff Ugboro abụọ integrator
Uru ngwa ngwa INT ngwa ngwa
ỤRỤ ỤMỤ ỤWA Ọsọ ọsọ (oke)
40
20
Onye ndozi
0
Ọsọ ọsọ LF uru (oke)
Onye ndozi
Nha nhata
Onyeiche
Iyo
Ngwa ngwa INT
20101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Ugboro anọ [Hz]
Ọgụgụ 4.3: Atụmatụ Bode Conceptual na-egosi ọrụ nke ngwa ngwa (red) na ngwa ngwa (acha anụnụ anụnụ). A na-edozi ugboro ugboro na oke uru site na nkuchi ihu n'ihu dị ka akpọrọ aha.
4.3 nkwalite
31
mkpọtụ tụrụ atụ.
Enwere ike imezi servo ngwa ngwa ka ọ belata oke mmeghachi omume na mmekpa ahụ mpụga. Na-enweghị ngwa ngwa servo loop, oke uru dị elu pụtara na servo ngwa ngwa ga-azaghachi nsogbu ndị dị na mpụga (dịka njikọ ụda ụda) na mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ugbu a nwere ike ime ka ọnọdụ-hops na laser. Ya mere, ọ ka mma na a na-akwụ ụgwọ mgbanwe ndị a (obere obere) na piezo kama.
Ịmezi uru ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa INT agaghị eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ụdị mgbaama njehie, mana mgbe emeziwanye ya, ọ ga-ebelata mmetụta nke mkparị ụda na ịgbatị ogologo ndụ nke mkpọchi.
N'otu aka ahụ, ịgbalite onye na-ejikọta ihe abụọ (DIP2) nwere ike imeziwanye nkwụsi ike site n'ịhụ na uru zuru ezu nke usoro servo ngwa ngwa dị elu karịa ngwa ngwa servo na obere oge ndị a. Otú ọ dị, nke a nwere ike ime ka servo dị nwayọọ na-emeghachi omume na mgbagwoju anya na-adịghị ala ala ma a na-atụ aro onye na-ejikọta ihe abụọ ma ọ bụrụ na ogologo oge drifts dị ugbu a na-emebi mkpọchi ahụ.
32
Isi nke 4. Ngwa example: Pound-Drever Ụlọ Nzukọ akpọchi
A. nkọwa
Oke
Nkọwapụta
Ogologo oge Nweta bandwit (-3 dB) Mgbasa ogologo oge bandwit mgbanwe mgbanwe mpụga (-3 dB)
> 35 MHz <40 ns
> 35 MHz
Tinye A IN, B NA SWEEP NA URU MOD NA Mkpọchi
SMA, 1 M, ± 2 5 V SMA, 1 M, 0 ruo +2 5 V SMA, 1 M, ± 2 5 V SMA, 1 M, ± 2 5 V 3.5 mm njikọ ọdịyo nwanyị, TTL
Ntinye Analogue agafeela oketage chebere ruo ± 10 V. ntinye TTL na-ewere <1 0 V dị ala,> 2 0 V dị elu. Mkpọchi ntinye bụ -0 5 V ruo 7 V, dị ala na-arụ ọrụ, eserese ±1 µA.
33
34
Ihe mgbakwunye A. Nkọwapụta
Oke
Mpụta JI ONYE NA-EKWU Ọsọ Nlebaanya 1, 2 TRIG POWER A, B
Nkọwapụta
SMA.
All outputs are limited to ±5 V. 50 outputs 50 mA max (125 mW, +21 dBm).
Mechanical & ike
Ntinye IEC
110 ruo 130V na 60Hz ma ọ bụ 220 ruo 260V na 50Hz
Fuse
5x20mm mgbochi ịwa ahụ seramiiki 230V/0.25 A ma ọ bụ 115 V/0.63 A
Akụkụ
W×H×D = 250 × 79 × 292 mm
Ibu
2 n'arọ
Ojiji ike
<10 W
Nchọpụta nsogbu
Ugboro laser B.1 anaghị enyocha ya
A MOGLabs DLC nwere akara ngosi piezo mpụga chọrọ ka mgbaama mpụga ga-agafe 1.25 V. Ọ bụrụ n'aka na akara njikwa mpụga gị gafere 1.25 V kwadoro ihe ndị a:
Ogologo oge DLC na-aga n'akụkụ elekere. Ugboro ugboro na DLC bụ efu (iji ihe ngosi LCD tọọ
Ugboro ugboro). DIP9 (Mpụga ịsachapụ) nke DLC bụ na. · DIP13 na DIP14 nke DLC agbanyụrụ. · Mgbanwe mgbanwe mkpọchi na DLC ka atọrọ ka SCAN. Ejikọtara ngwa ngwa nke FSC na SWEEP / PZT MOD
ntinye nke DLC. · SWEEP na FSC bụ INT. Ogologo oge FSC na-agafe na elekere. Jikọọ FSC MONITOR 1 na oscilloscope, tọọ MONI-
TOR 1 akara na RAMP ma dozie FREQ OFFSET ruo mgbe ramp dị n'etiti ihe dịka 1.25 V.
Ọ bụrụ na nlele ndị a dị n'elu edozibeghị nsogbu gị, kwụpụ FSC na DLC wee hụ na laser na-enyocha mgbe ejiri DLC na-achịkwa ya. Kpọtụrụ MOGLabs maka enyemaka ma ọ bụrụ na ịgaghị nke ọma.
35
36
Mgbakwunye B. Nchọpụta nsogbu
B.2 Mgbe ị na-eji ntinye modulation, mmepụta ngwa ngwa na-ese n'elu na nnukwu voltage
Mgbe ị na-eji MOD IN arụ ọrụ nke FSC (DIP 4 nyeere) mmepụta ngwa ngwa ga-ese n'elu na volta dị mma.tagụgbọ okporo ígwè, ihe dịka 4V. Gbaa mbọ hụ na MOD IN dị mkpụmkpụ mgbe anaghị eji ya.
B.3 Nnukwu mgbaama njehie dị mma
N'ụfọdụ ngwa, mgbaama njehie nke ngwa ahụ mepụtara nwere ike bụrụ nke dị mma (ma ọ bụ adịghị mma) na nnukwu. N'okwu a, REF trimpot na ERR OFFSET nwere ike ọ gaghị enye mgbanwe DC zuru ezu iji hụ na ebe mkpọchi a chọrọ dabara na 0 V. N'okwu a, enwere ike iji CH A na CH B na INPUT toggle set to , CH B set to PD and with a DC voltage tinye ya na CH B iji mepụta nkwụghachi achọrọ iji etiti ebe mkpọchi. Dị ka example, ma ọ bụrụ na mgbaàmà njehie dị n'etiti 0 V na 5 V na ebe mkpọchi bụ 2.5 V, wee jikọọ mgbaàmà njehie na CH A ma tinye 2.5 V na CH B. Site na ntọala kwesịrị ekwesị, mgbaàmà njehie ga-adị n'etiti -2 5 V ka +2 5 V.
B.4 okporo ụzọ mmepụta ngwa ngwa na ± 0.625 V
Maka ọtụtụ MOGLabs ECDL, voltage swing nke ± 0.625 V na mmepụta ngwa ngwa (nke kwekọrọ na ± 0.625 mA nke a na-agbanye n'ime laser diode) karịrị ihe achọrọ maka ikpochi na oghere anya. N'ime ngwa ụfọdụ a chọrọ nnukwu oke na mmepụta ngwa ngwa. Enwere ike ịbawanye oke a site na ngbanwe dị mfe resistor. Biko kpọtụrụ MOGLabs maka ozi ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya.
B.5 Nzaghachi kwesịrị ịgbanwe akara
Ọ bụrụ na nzaghachi ngwa ngwa na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ na-abụkarị n'ihi na laser abanyela n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ọtụtụ (ụdị oghere abụọ dị na mpụga na-emegharị n'otu oge). Gbanwee laser ugbu a iji nweta ọrụ singlemode, kama ịghaghachi nzaghachi polarity.
B.6 Nyochaa arụpụta akara na-ezighi ezi
37
B.6 Nyochaa arụpụta akara na-ezighi ezi
N'oge ule ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a na-enyocha mpụta nke ọ bụla n'ime mkpịsị MONITOR. Otú ọ dị, ka oge na-aga, screws setịpụrụ nke na-ejide mkpịsị aka n'ọnọdụ nwere ike ịda mbà ma mkpịsị ahụ nwere ike ịdaba, na-eme ka mkpịsị aka ahụ gosi mgbaàmà na-ezighị ezi. Ka ịlele:
Jikọọ mmepụta nke MONITOR na oscilloscope.
Tụgharịa igodo SPAN n'akụkụ elekere zuru oke.
Tụgharịa MONITOR ka RAMP. Ị kwesịrị ugbu a na-edebe aramping mgbaàmà na usoro nke 1 volt; ọ bụrụ na i meghị, ọnọdụ mkpọ ahụ ezighi ezi.
· Ọ bụrụgodị na ị na-edebe arampmgbama, ọnọdụ knob ka nwere ike ịdị na-ezighi ezi, tụgharịa otu ọnọdụ ọzọ n'akụkụ elekere.
Ị ga-enwezi obere mgbaama dị nso 0 V, ma eleghị anya ị nwere ike ịhụ obere ramp na oscilloscope n'usoro nke iri iri mV. Gbanwee trimpot BIAS ma ị ga-ahụ ya ampụkpụrụ nke ramp gbanwee.
Ọ bụrụ na akara ngosi dị na oscilloscope gbanwere ka ị na-edozi trimpot BIAS, ọnọdụ mkpọ MONITOR gị ziri ezi; ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, mgbe ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ka a gbanwee ọnọdụ Knob MONITOR.
Iji dozie ọnọdụ MONITOR knob, a ga-ebu ụzọ mata akara ngosi mmepụta site na iji usoro yiri nke ahụ dị n'elu, na ọnọdụ knob nwere ike gbanwee site na ịtọghe skru abụọ ahụ nke na-ejide mkpịsị aka, na 1.5 mm allen igodo ma ọ bụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala.
B.7 Laser na-enweta obere ọnọdụ hops
Enwere ike ịkpata hops mode nwayọ site na nzaghachi anya sitere na ihe anya n'etiti laser na oghere, maka example fiber couplers, ma ọ bụ site na anya oghere n'onwe ya. Mgbaàmà gụnyere ugboro ole
38
Mgbakwunye B. Nchọpụta nsogbu
na-awụ elu nke laser na-agba ọsọ n'efu na obere oge, nke usoro nke 30 s ebe ugboro laser na-awụlikwa elu site na 10 ruo 100 MHz. Gbaa mbọ hụ na laser nwere ikewapụ anya zuru oke, na-etinye onye na-akpachapụ anya ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ma gbochie ụzọ ntu ọ bụla na-ejighị ya.
C. PCB okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu
C39
C59
R30
C76
C116
C166
C3
C2
P1
P2
C1
C9
C7
C6
C4
C5
P3
R1 C8 C10
R2
R338 d1
C378
R24
R337
R27
C15
R7
R28
R8
R66 R34
R340C379
R33
R10
D4
R11 C60 R35
R342
R37
R343 d6
C380
R3 C16 R12
R4
C366 R58 R59 C31 R336
P4
R5 d8
C365 R347 R345
R49
R77 R40
R50 d3
C368 R344 R346
R75
C29 R15 R38 R47 R48
C62 R36 R46 C28
C11C26
R339
R31C23
C25
C54 C22 C24 R9
R74C57
C33
C66C40
U13
U3
U9
U10
U14
U4
U5
U6
U15
R80 R70 C27
C55 R42
C65 R32
R29 R65
R57 R78 R69 Mgbo
R71 R72
R79 R84
C67
R73
C68
C56
R76
R333
C42C69
C367 R6
R334C369
C13
R335
C43 C372 R14 R13
C373C17
U1
R60 R17 R329 Mgbo
U16
R81 R82
C35
C362 R85 R331 C44 R87
C70
U25 C124
R180C131
C140 R145
U42
R197 R184 C186 C185
MH2
C165 C194 C167 R186 R187 C183 C195 R200
C126 R325 R324
R168 C162 C184
C157 R148 R147
C163C168
C158 R170
R95 C85 R166 R99 C84
C86
C75 R97 R96 C87
R83C83
U26
U27 C92
100 R101 R102 R106
R104 R105
C88 R98 R86
R341 C95 R107 C94
U38
C90 R109
R103 U28
C128C89
C141
R140 R143
R108
U48
R146C127
R185
U50 R326
U49
R332
R201
R191
R199C202
R198 R190
C216
P8
U57
C221
C234
C222 R210 C217
C169 R192 R202
R195C170
R171
U51
R203
R211
U58
C257
R213 C223 R212
R214 C203 C204 C205
C172 R194 C199
R327 C171 C160 R188 R172 R173
C93 R111 C96 C102 R144 R117
R110 R112
C98C91
R115 R114
U31
C101
FB1
C148
FB2
C159
C109C129
C149
C130
U29
C138
U32
C150
C112 R113
C100
C105 C99 C103 C152 C110
U33
C104 C111 C153
C133
R118 R124
R119 R122
R123
U34 R130 R120 R121
C161
C134
R169 U43
C132
C182 R157 C197
C189 R155 C201
C181 R156
C173
U56
C198 R193
C206
R189
C174
C196
U52
R196 R154 R151 R152 R153
R204 C187 C176 C179
U53
C180 C188 C190
C178
C200
C207
U54
C209
U55 C191
C192
C208 R205
U62 C210
R217C177
C227 C241 C243 C242 R221
R223C263
C232
C231
C225
U59
C226
C259
C237
C238
C240C239
R206
U60
C261
R207 C260 R215
R218
R216
U61 C262
U66 R219
U68 R222
U67 R220
C258 C235 C236
C273
SW1
R225 R224
C266
C265
R228
U69
C269
R231 R229
U70
C270
U71
R234
C272
R226
U72
C71
C36
R16 R18
C14
C114
R131
C115
C58 R93
C46
C371
C370
R43C45
R44
U11
R330 R92
90 R89 R88 R91
R20
U7
R19
R39C34
C72
R61
C73
C19
R45C47
C41C78
P5
R23
U8
R22
C375
C374 R41 R21
C37
C38
C30
C20
R52 C48 R51
C49
U2
C50
U17
U18
55 R53 R62 R54
C63
R63 C52 R26
U12 R25
P6
C377C376
R64 R56 C51
MH1
C53
C79
C74
C18
C113 R174 R175 R176 R177
C120
R128
R126C106
R127 R125
U35 R132 U39
141 C117 R129 R158
R142
C136 R134 R133 R138 R137
C135
C139 R161 R162 R163
C118
C119 R159
C121
U41 C137
R160C147
C164
U40 C146
C193
R164C123
C122
R139 R165
U44
C107
U45
C142
C144 R135 C145
R182
R178 R167
R181
RT1
C155 R149
C21C12
U47
U46
U30 C108
U21 C77 U23 C82
U24 C64 U22 C81
U19 C61
R68 R67 U20 C32
P7
C97 R116
C80 R94
U36 C143
C151
R179
R150C156
R183
R136C154
C175
C252
C220
C228 C229 C230
U63
C248
C247
C211
C212 C213 C214
U64
C251
C250
C215
C219
R208 R209 C224
C218C253
U65
C256
C255C254
C249C233
C246C245
C274
C244
C264
C268 R230
C276
C271
C267
C275
R238 R237 R236 R235 R240 R239
R328
REF1 R257
C285 R246
C286C284
R242
U73
R247
C281 R243
C280
U74
C287
R248
C289 R251 R252
R233 R227 R232 Mgbo
C282 R244 R245
U75
R269
C288 R250 R249
R253 R255
C290
R241
R254
U76
R272
C291
R256
U77
C294C296
C283
C277
MH5
C292
C293
C279C278
U37 C125
MH3
C295
C307 R265
Q1
C309
C303 R267 R268
C305
C301
MH6
R282
C312
R274 R283 R284 Mgbo
C322
C298
C300
R264 C297 R262
U78
R273C311
C299
R263
C302
261 R258 R259 R260
U79
C306
U80
C315
C313
R266
U81
R278 R275 R276 Mgbo
C304
R277
C316
R271C308
R270
U82
C314
C318
U83
R280 R279 C321
C310
U84
R285C317
C320
R281
C319
R290 R291
D11
D12
D13
D14
R287 R286
SW2
R297 R296
R289 R288
C334 C328 C364
R299C330
R293 R292
C324
C331
R300
R298C329
C333C332
U85
C335
C323
C325
D15
R303
D16
C336
R301 R302 C342 C341
C337
U86
C343
C339
C346
R310 R307
R309
R308
MH8
C347 R305 R306
R315
R321
C345
P10
C344C348
MH9
C349 R318 C350 R319 R317 R316
C352
P11
C351
C354
U87
MH10
C353
U88
C338
C340
R294
C363
MH4 P9
MF1
C358
R295
C326
C327
D17
R304
D18
U89
C355C356
U91
U90
C361 R323
C357
C359
P12
C360
MH7
R313 R314 R320 R311 R312 R322
39
40
Mgbakwunye C. Nhazi PCB
D. 115/230 V ntụgharị
D.1 Fuse
Ngwa ahụ bụ ihe mgbochi seramiiki, 0.25A (230V) ma ọ bụ 0.63A (115V), 5x20mm, maka ex.ample Littlefuse 0215.250MXP ma ọ bụ 0215.630MXP. Ihe njide fuse bụ katrij uhie dị n'elu ebe ike IEC na isi mgba ọkụ na azụ nke unit ahụ (Fig D.1).
Ọgụgụ D.1: Fuse catridge, na-egosi ntinye fuse maka ịrụ ọrụ na 230 V.
D.2 120/240 V ntụgharị
Enwere ike ịgbanye njikwa ahụ site na AC na 50 ruo 60 Hz, 110 ruo 120 V (100 V na Japan), ma ọ bụ 220 ruo 240 V. Iji gbanwee n'etiti 115 V na 230 V, a ga-ewepụ katrij fuse, ma tinyeghachi ya ka ọ bụrụ volta ziri ezi.tage na-egosi site na windo mkpuchi ma tinye fuse ziri ezi (dị ka n'elu).
41
42
Ntugharị D. 115/230 V
Ọgụgụ D.2: Ịgbanwe fuse ma ọ bụ voltage, meghee mkpuchi fuse katrij na screwdriver etinyere n'ime obere oghere dị n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke mkpuchi ahụ, dị n'aka ekpe nke volta uhie uhie.tagihe ngosi.
Mgbe ị na-ewepụ katrịji fiusi, fanye screwdriver n'ime ebe ezumike dị n'aka ekpe nke katrij; anwala iwepụta site na iji screwdriver n'akụkụ nke fuseholder (lee ọnụ ọgụgụ).
EZIGBO!
EZIOKWU
Onyonyo D.3: Iji wepụta katrij fuse, fanye screwdriver n'ime ebe ezumike n'aka ekpe nke katrij.
Mgbe ị na-agbanwe voltage, a ga-esi n'otu akụkụ gaa n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, nke mere na fuse na clip ga-adị n'elu mgbe niile; lee ọnụ ọgụgụ n'okpuru.
D.2 120/240 V ntụgharị
43
Ọgụgụ D.4: 230 V akwa (aka ekpe) na fuse (nri). Gbanwee akwa na fuse mgbe ị na-agbanwe voltage, nke mere na fiusi na-anọgide na elu mgbe etinyere ya.
Ọgụgụ D.5: 115 V akwa (aka ekpe) na fuse (nri).
44
Ntugharị D. 115/230 V
Akwụkwọ akụkọ
[1] Alex Abramovici na Jake Chapsky. Sistemụ Njikwa nzaghachi: Ntuziaka ọsọ ọsọ maka ndị sayensị na ndị injinia. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. 1
[2] Boris Lurie na Paul Enright. Njikwa nzaghachi oge gboo: Site na MATLAB® na Simulink®. CRC Press, 2011. 1
[3] Richard W. Fox, Chris W. Oates, na Leo W. Hollberg. Na-eme ka lasers diode guzosie ike na oghere dị elu. Ụzọ nnwale na sayensị anụ ahụ, 40:1, 46. 2003
[4] RWP Drever, JL Hall, FV Kowalski, J. Hough, GM Ford, AJ Munley, na H. Ward. Usoro Laser na nkwụsi ike ugboro site na iji ihe resonator anya. Ngwa. Phys. B, 31:97 105, 1983. 1
[5] TW Ha¨nsch na B. Couillaud. Nkwụsi ike ugboro Laser site na polarization spectroscopy nke oghere ntụaka na-egosipụta. Nzikọrịta ozi anya, 35(3):441, 444. 1980
[6] M. Zhu na JL Ụlọ Nzukọ. Nkwụsi ike nke usoro anya / ugboro nke sistemu laser: ngwa maka laser agba agba azụmahịa nwere ihe nkwuba nke mpụga. J. Nwepu. Soc. M. B, 10:802, 1993. 1
[7] GC Bjorklund. Ugboro-modulation spectroscopy: usoro ọhụrụ maka ịlele absorptions na dispersions adịghị ike. Wepụ Lett., 5:15, 1980. 1
[8] Joshua S Torrance, Ben M Sparkes, Lincoln D Turner, na Robert E Scholten. Sub-kilohertz laser obosara eriri warara site na iji polarization spectroscopy. Optics kwuputara, 24 (11): 11396 11406, 2016. 1
45
[10] W. Demtr¨ oder. Laser Spectroscopy, Echiche ndị bụ isi na ngwa. Springer, Berlin, mbipụta 2e, 1996. 1
[11] LD Turner, KP Weber, CJ Hawthorn, na RE Scholten. Ngosipụta mkpọtụ ugboro ugboro nke ahịrị dị warara nwere laser diode. Wepụ Nkwukọrịta., 201:391, 2002. 29
46
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