moglabs PID Fast Servo Controller
Iinkcukacha
- Umzekelo: MOGLabs FSC
- Uhlobo: Umlawuli weServo
- Intended Use: Laser frequency stabilisation and linewidth narrowing
- Primary Application: High-bandwidth low-latency servo control
Imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso
Intshayelelo
The MOGLabs FSC is designed to provide high-bandwidth low-latency servo control for laser frequency stabilisation and linewidth narrowing.
Basic Feedback Control Theory
Feedback frequency stabilisation of lasers can be complex. It is recommended to review control theory textbooks and literature on laser frequency stabilisation for a better understanding.
Uqhagamshelo kunye noLawulo
Iphaneli yokulawula yangaphambili
The front panel controls are used for immediate adjustments and monitoring. These controls are essential for real-time adjustments during operation.
Rear Panel Controls and Connections
The rear panel controls and connections provide interfaces for external devices and peripherals. Properly connecting these ensures smooth operation and compatibility with external systems.
Iiswitshi zeDIP zangaphakathi
The internal DIP switches offer additional configuration options. Understanding and correctly setting these switches are crucial for customizing the controller’s behavior.
FAQ
inkampani ye-santec
Umlawuli we-servo okhawulezayo
Uguqulelo 1.0.9, Rev 2 hardware
Umda woButyala
I-MOG Laboratories Pty Ltd (MOGLabs) ayithathi xanduva oluvela kusetyenziso lolwazi oluqulethwe kule ncwadana. Olu xwebhu lunokuthi luqulathe okanye lubonise ulwazi kunye neemveliso ezikhuselweyo ngamalungelo okushicilela okanye amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kwaye alidlulisi naliphi na ilayisenisi phantsi kwamalungelo elungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza le-MOGLabs, okanye amalungelo abanye. I-MOGlabs ayisayi kuba noxanduva lwaso nasiphi na isiphene kwi-hardware okanye isoftware okanye ilahleko okanye ukungonelanga kwedatha yalo naluphi na uhlobo, okanye ngalo naluphi na uhlobo oluthe ngqo, olungathanga ngqo, olungalindelekanga, okanye umonzakalo onxulumene nokuvela ekusebenzeni okanye ukusetyenziswa kwayo nayiphi na imveliso yayo. . Unyino lwangaphambili lwetyala luya kusebenza ngokulinganayo kuyo nayiphi na inkonzo ebonelelwa yi-MOGLabs.
Ilungelo lokushicilela
Copyright © MOG Laboratories Pty Ltd (MOGlabs) 2017 2025. Akukho nxalenye yolu papasho inokuphinda iveliswe, igcinwe kwinkqubo yokubuyisela, okanye isasazwe, nangaluphi na uhlobo okanye ngayo nayiphi na indlela, i-elektroniki, ngomatshini, ngokufotokopa okanye ngenye indlela, ngaphandle kokuba kubhalwe ngaphambili. imvume ye-MOGLabs.
Qhagamshelana
Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe, nceda uqhagamshelane:
MOG Laboratories P/L 49 University St Carlton VIC 3053 AUSTRALIA +61 3 9939 0677 info@moglabs.com www.moglabs.com
Santec LIS Corporation 5823 Ohkusa-Nenjozaka, Komaki Aichi 485-0802 JAPAN +81 568 79 3535 www.santec.com
Intshayelelo
I-MOGlabs FSC ibonelela ngezinto ezibalulekileyo zomlawuli we-servo ophantsi kwe-bandwidth ephantsi, eyona nto ijoliswe ekuzinziseni i-laser frequency kunye nokunciphisa umgca womgca. I-FSC ingasetyenziselwa ampulawulo lokufunda, umzekeloample ukwenza "into edla ingxolo" ezinzisa amandla okukhanya kwelaser, kodwa kule ncwadana sithatha usetyenziso oluxhaphake kakhulu lokuzinzisa amaza.
1.1 Ithiyori yokulawula ingxelo
Uzinziso lwe-Reedback frequency of lasers lunokuba nzima. Sikhuthaza abafundi ukuba baphindeview lawula iincwadi zethiyori [1, 2] kunye noncwadi kwi-laser frequency stabilization [3].
Ingqikelelo yolawulo lwengxelo iboniswe ngokwesicwangciso kumfanekiso 1.1. Ubuninzi be-laser bulinganiswa ne-frequency discriminator eyenza umqondiso wempazamo ohambelana nomahluko phakathi kwefrikhwensi ye-laser ekhawulezileyo kunye nomnqweno okanye i-setpoint frequency. Abacaluli abaqhelekileyo baquka imingxuma ebonakalayo kunye nePound-Drever-Hall (PDH) [4] okanye iHa¨nsch-Couillaud [5] ubhaqo; ukutshixa i-offset [6]; okanye ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-athom yokufunxa i-spectroscopy [7].
0
+
Umqondiso wempazamo
Servo
Umqondiso wokulawula
ILaser
dV/df Umcaluli wokuphindaphinda
Umzobo 1.1: Idayagram yebhloko eyenziwe lula yeluphu yolawulo lwempendulo.
1
2
Isahluko 1. Intshayelelo
1.1.1 Imiqondiso yempazamo
Olona phawu luqhelekileyo lolawulo lwengxelo kukuba uphawu lwempazamo olusetyenziselwe ulawulo kufuneka lubuye umva uphawu njengoko i-laser frequency itshintsha ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwendawo yokumisela, njengakwisazobe 1.2. Ukusuka kumqondiso wemposiso, i-servo yengxelo okanye i-compensator ivelisa isiginali yolawulo ye-transducer kwi-laser, efana nokuba i-laser frequency iqhutywa ukuya kwindawo efunekayo. Ngokucacileyo, olu phawu lolawulo luya kutshintsha uphawu njengoko uphawu lwempazamo lutshintsha uphawu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-laser frequency ihlala ityhalelwa kwindawo yokubeka, kunokuba kude kuyo.
Impazamo
Impazamo
f
0
Ukuphindaphinda f
f Ukuphindaphinda f
IMPATHA OFFSET
Umzobo 1.2: Isiginali yempazamo yethiyori yokusasazeka, ngokulingana nomahluko phakathi kwe-frequency laser kunye ne-setpoint frequency. I-offset kwisignali yempazamo itshintsha indawo yokutshixa (ekunene).
Qaphela umahluko phakathi komqondiso wempazamo kunye nomqondiso wolawulo. Umqondiso wemposiso ngumlinganiselo womahluko phakathi kokwenyani kunye nokufunwayo rhoqo ngelaser, ethi ngokomgaqo ibengoko nangoko kwaye ayinangxolo. Isiginali yokulawula iveliswa kwisiginali yempazamo nge-servo yempendulo okanye umbuyiseli. Umqondiso wokulawula uqhuba i-actuator efana ne-piezo-electric transducer, i-injection current ye-laser diode, okanye i-acousto-optic okanye i-electro-optic modulator, efana ne-laser frequency ibuyele kwi-setpoint. I-Actuator inemisebenzi enzima yokuphendula, kunye ne-lags yesigaba esinesiphelo, inzuzo exhomekeke rhoqo, kunye ne-resonances. Umbuyekezi kufuneka akhulise impendulo yolawulo ukunciphisa impazamo ukuya kutsho kubuncinci obunokwenzeka.
1.1 Ithiyori yokulawula ingxelo
3
1.1.2 Ukuphendulwa rhoqo kwenkonzo yengxelo
Ukusebenza kweeservos zengxelo ngokuqhelekileyo kuchazwa ngokwempendulo yeFourier frequency; oko kukuthi, inzuzo yengxelo njengomsebenzi wokuphindaphinda kokuphazamiseka. Umzekeloample, ukuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo yi-frequency mains, = 50 Hz okanye 60 Hz. Oko kuphazamiseka kuya kuguqula i-laser frequency ngenani elithile, ngesantya se-50 okanye i-60 Hz. Isiphumo sokuphazamiseka kwi-laser sinokuba sincinci (umz. = 0 ± 1 kHz apho i-0 i-frequency ye-laser engaphazamisekiyo) okanye enkulu (= 0 ± 1 MHz). Kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani bolu kuphazamiseka, i-Fourier frequency of disruption inokuba yi-50 okanye i-60 Hz. Ukucinezela oko kuphazamiseka, i-servo yempendulo kufuneka ibe nenzuzo ephezulu kwi-50 kunye ne-60 Hz ukuze ikwazi ukuhlawula.
Inzuzo yomlawuli we-servo ngokuqhelekileyo inomda we-low-frequency limit, edla ngokuchazwa ngumda wokufumana-bandwidth ye-op.amps isetyenziswe kwisilawuli se-servo. Ukuzuza kwakhona kufuneka kuwele ngaphantsi kwenzuzo yobumbano (0 dB) kwii-frequencies eziphezulu ukuphepha ukunyanzeliswa kwe-oscillations kwimveliso yokulawula, efana ne-squeal high-pitched squeal of audio systems (ebizwa ngokuba yi "audio feedback"). Olu tshintsho lwenzeka kwii-frequencies ngaphezu kwe-reciprocal yokulibaziseka okuncinci kwe-laser edibeneyo, i-frequency discriminator, i-servo kunye ne-actuator system. Ngokuqhelekileyo lo mda ulawulwa lixesha lokuphendula le actuator. Kwiipiezos ezisetyenziswa kwi-laser diode diode yangaphandle, umda udla ngokuba yi-kHz embalwa, kwaye kwimpendulo yangoku yokumodareyitha ye-laser diode, umda ujikeleze i-100 ukuya kwi-300kHz.
Umzobo 1.3 luyilo lwengqiqo yenzuzo ngokuchasene neFourier frequency yeFSC. Ukunciphisa impazamo ye-laser frequency, indawo ephantsi kweploti yokuzuza kufuneka yandiswe. I-PID (i-proportional integral and differential) abalawuli be-servo yindlela eqhelekileyo, apho isignali yokulawula isixa samacandelo amathathu athathwe kwisiginali yephutha legalelo elinye. Ingxelo elinganiselayo (P) izama ukuhlawulela ngokukhawuleza ukuphazamiseka, ngelixa ingxelo yomhlanganisi (I) ibonelela ngenzuzo ephezulu yokunciphisa kunye nokuhamba kancinci, kunye nokwahlula impendulo (D) yongeza inzuzo eyongezelelweyo yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
4
Isahluko 1. Intshayelelo
Ukufumana (dB)
Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu. cutoff Isihlanganisi kabini
60
FAST INT FAST FAST
FAST DIFF DIFF GUIN (umda)
40
20
Umdibanisi
0
FAST LF GUIN (umda)
Umdibanisi
Ngokomlinganiselo
Umahluli
Hluza
SLOW INT
20101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
I-Fourier frequency [Hz]
Umzobo 1.3: Iploti yeConceptual Bode ebonisa isenzo sabalawuli abakhawulezayo (obomvu) kunye nabacothayo (blue). Isilawuli esicothayo sinokuba sisidibanisi esinye okanye esiphindwe kabini esinokulungiswa rhoqo kwekona. Umlawuli okhawulezayo yi-PID eneziza eziguquguqukayo zekona kunye nokufumana imida kwiifrikhwensi eziphantsi kunye eziphezulu. Ngokuzithandela umahluko unokukhutshazwa kwaye indawo yayo ifakwe isihluzo esisezantsi.
Uqhagamshelwano kunye nolawulo
2.1 Ulawulo lwephaneli yangaphambili
Iphaneli yangaphambili ye-FSC inenani elikhulu leenketho zoqwalaselo ezivumela ukuziphatha kwe-servo ukuba kulungiswe kwaye kulungiswe.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba iiswitshi kunye neenketho zinokwahluka phakathi kohlaziyo lwehardware, nceda ujonge incwadi yesixhobo sakho njengoko kubonisiwe kwinombolo yothotho.
Umlawuli weServo okhawulezayo
u-AC dc
Igalelo
I-PD 0
I-REF
I-CHB
+
UPHAWU OKUFANELEKILEYO
+
UMQONDISO OCOTHAYO
I-INT
75 100 250
50k 100k 200k
10M 5M 2.5M
50
500
20k
500k OFF
1M
25
750 10k
1M 200k
750k
CIMA
1k OFF
2M 100k
500k
EXT
50k
250k
25k
100k
I-SPAN
RATE
SLOW INT
FAST INT
FAST DIFF / HAYIZI
12
6
18
0
24
I-BIAS
FREQ OFFSET
IZUZO Ecothayo
UKUZUZA NGQONDO
UKWAHLUKANA NEZULU
30 20 10
0
40
50
I-NESTED
60
SKENA
MAX TSHIXA
ECANCILE
ZUZA UMDA
SKENA+P
TSHIXA
FAST
ERR OFFSET
IMEKO
Impazamo ecothayo
RAMP
Impazamo ekhawulezileyo
I-BIAS
I-CHB
FAST
CHA
ECANCILE
I-MON1
Impazamo ecothayo
RAMP
Impazamo ekhawulezileyo
I-BIAS
I-CHB
FAST
CHA
ECANCILE
I-MON2
2.1.1 Configuration INPUT Selects error signal coupling mode; see figure 3.2. AC Fast error signal is AC-coupled, slow error is DC coupled. DC Both fast and slow error signals are DC-coupled. Signals are DC-coupled, and the front-panel ERROR OFFSET is applied for control of the lock point. CHB Selects input for channel B: photodetector, ground, or a variable 0 to 2.5 V reference set with the adjacent trimpot.
FAST SIGN Uphawu lwempendulo ekhawulezayo. UPHAWU OLUcothayo Uphawu lwengxelo ecothayo.
5
6
Uqhagamshelwano kunye nolawulo
I-2.1.2 Ramp ulawulo
I-r yangaphakathiamp Ijenereyitha ibonelela ngomsebenzi wokutshayela ukuskena i-laser frequency ngokuqhelekileyo nge-piezo actuator, inaliti ye-diode yangoku, okanye zombini. Imveliso yetrigger elungelelaniswe kwi-ramp inikwe kwiphaneli yangasemva ( TRIG, 1M ).
I-INT / EXT yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle ramp ukuskena rhoqo.
RATE Trimpot ukulungisa izinga lokutshayela kwangaphakathi.
I-BIAS Xa i-DIP3 yenziwe, isiphumo esicothayo, esikalwa yile trimpot, yongezwa kwimveliso ekhawulezayo. Oku kudlulisela phambili komkhethe ngokuqhelekileyo kuyafuneka xa kulungiswa i-actuator ye-piezo ye-ECDL ukuthintela ukutsiba-tsiba kwindlela. Nangona kunjalo, lo msebenzi sele unikezelwe ngabanye abalawuli be-laser (njenge-MOGLabs DLC) kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela xa ingabonelelwanga kwenye indawo.
SPAN Lungisa i-ramp ubude, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ubungakanani bokutshayela rhoqo.
I-FREQ OFFSET Ilungisa i-DC offset kwisiphumo esicothayo, ngokufanelekileyo ibonelela ngokutshintsha okumileyo kwe-laser frequency.
2.1.3 Iinguqu ze-Loop
I-loop variables ivumela inzuzo ye-proportional, isihlanganisi kunye ne-different stagiya kulungiswa. Kumdibanisi kunye nomahluli stages, inzuzo iboniswa ngokwemigaqo yeyunithi yokufumana frequency, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yikona frequency.
I-SLOW INT Corner frequency ye-servo integrator ecothayo; inokukhubazeka okanye ilungiswe ukusuka kwi-25 Hz ukuya kwi-1 kHz.
I-SLOW GUIN I-Single-turn ecothayo inzuzo ye-servo; ukusuka -20 dB ukuya +20 dB.
I-FAST INT Corner frequency ye-servo integrator ekhawulezayo; ivaliwe okanye ilungelelaniswe ukusuka kwi-10 kHz ukuya kwi-2 MHz.
2.1 Ulawulo lwephaneli yangaphambili
7
IFUMANA KAKHULU Ishumi-turn fast servo inzuzo ngokomlinganiselo; ukusuka -10 dB ukuya +50 dB.
FAST DIFF / FILTER Ilawula impendulo ye-servo ye-frequency ephezulu. Xa isetelwe ku-"OFF", impendulo ye-servo ihlala ilingana. Xa ujikwa njengewotshi, umahluli uvulwa ngokusebenza kwekona enxulumeneyo. Qaphela ukuba ukunciphisa i-frequency yekona kwandisa isenzo somahluko. Xa imiselwe kwixabiso elikrwelelwe umgca ngaphantsi, umahluli uvaliwe kwaye endaweni yoko icebo lokucoca elisezantsi liyasetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-servo. Oku kubangela ukuba impendulo iqengqeleke ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezixeliweyo.
I-DIFF GAIN I-High-frequency gain limit limit kwi-servo ekhawulezayo; unyuso ngalunye lutshintsha inzuzo ephezulu nge-6 dB. Ayinasiphumo ngaphandle kokuba umahluli wenziwe ukuba usebenze; Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kokuba i-FAST DIFF imiselwe kwixabiso elingakrwelelwanga umgca ngaphantsi.
2.1.4 Izilawuli zokutshixa
I-GAIN LIMIT I-low-frequency gain limit limit kwi-servo ekhawulezayo, kwi-dB. I-MAX imele inzuzo ephezulu ekhoyo.
IMPATHA OFFSET I-DC offset isetyenziswa kwiimpawu zemposiso xa imo ye-INPUT isetelwe ku. Iluncedo kulungiso oluchanekileyo lwendawo yokutshixa okanye ukubuyisela ukukhukuliseka kumqondiso wempazamo. I-trimpot ekufutshane yeyokulungelelanisa impazamo yokucima i-servo ecothayo ngokunxulumene ne-servo ekhawulezayo, kwaye inokulungiswa ukuqinisekisa i-servos drive ekhawulezayo kunye necothayo ukuya kumaza afanayo kanye.
I-SLOW Ibandakanya i-servo ecothayo ngokutshintsha i-SCAN ukuya ku-TSHIX. Xa imiselwe ku-NESTED, ulawulo olucothayo voltagi-e ifakwe kumqondiso wemposiso ekhawulezayo yenzuzo ephezulu kakhulu kumaza aphantsi ngokungabikho kwe actuator eqhagamshelwe kwimveliso ecothayo.
FAST Ilawula i-servo ekhawulezayo. Xa imiselwe kuSCAN+P, ingxelo elinganiselayo iyondliwa kwimveliso ekhawulezayo ngelixa i-laser iskena, ivumela ingxelo ukuba ilinganiswe. Ukutshintshela kwi-LOCK kumisa ukuskena kwaye kubandakanye ulawulo olupheleleyo lwe-PID.
8
Isahluko 2. Uqhagamshelwano kunye nolawulo
STATUS Isalathisi esinemibala emininzi esibonisa ubume besitshixo.
Amandla oGreen avuliwe, isitshixo sivaliwe. I-Orange Lock ibandakanyeka kodwa isibonakaliso sempazamo siphumile kuluhlu, ebonisa ukutshixa
ayiphumelelanga. I-Blue Lock ebandakanyekayo kunye nophawu lwempazamo lungaphakathi kwemida.
2.1.5 Ukubekwa esweni kwemiqondiso
Iikhowudi ezimbini ezijikelezayo zikhetha ukuba yeyiphi imiqondiso ekhankanyiweyo ehanjiswa kwiphaneli yangasemva I-MONITOR 1 kunye ne-MONITOR 2 iziphumo. Imveliso ye-TRIG yimveliso ehambelanayo ye-TTL (1M) etshintsha ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu kumbindi wokutshayela. Itheyibhile engezantsi ichaza imiqondiso.
CHA CHB IPHUTHA ELIKHAWUZIYO ELINGAKANYIYO I-RRAMP I-BIAS FAST COSAYO
Igalelo leSitishi A igalelo Isiginali yempazamo esetyenziswe yi-servo ekhawulezayo Umqondiso wempazamo osetyenziswa yi-servo ecothayo Ramp njengoko isetyenziswa kwi SLOW OUT Ramp njengoko isetyenziswa kwi-FAST OUT xa i-DIP3 yenza isignali yolawulo e-FAST OUT i-SLOW OUT yolawulo
2.2 Ulawulo lwephaneli yangasemva kunye noqhagamshelo
9
2.2 Ulawulo lwephaneli yangasemva kunye noqhagamshelo
ILISO 2 TSHIXA
UKUJONGA 1
TSHAYELISA
NGENA
B IN
A IN
Uthotho:
UKUQALA
I-FAST OUT CONCILE
IMOD IN
AMANDLA B
AMANDLA A
Zonke iziqhagamshelo zi-SMA, ngaphandle kokuba kuphawuliwe. Onke amagalelo angaphezulu kwevolthitagekhuselwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-±15 V.
Amandla e-IEC akwiyunithi kufuneka amiswe kwangaphambili abe kumthamo ofanelekileyotage yelizwe lakho. Nceda ujonge isihlomelo D ngemiyalelo yokutshintsha umbane wombanetage ukuba kuyimfuneko.
A IN, B IN Imposiso yokufakwa kwesiginali yetshaneli A kunye no-B, ngokwesiqhelo ii-photodetectors. I-impedance ephezulu, uluhlu lwegama ± 2 5 V. I-Channel B ayisetyenziswanga ngaphandle kokuba ukutshintshwa kwe-CHB kwiphaneli yangaphambili ibekwe kwiPD.
AMANDLA A, B Amandla e-DC anengxolo ephantsi yee-photodetectors; ± 12 V, 125 mA, ebonelelwa nge-M8 isiqhagamshelo (TE Connectivity inxalenye inombolo 2-2172067-2, Digikey A121939-ND, 3-indlela indoda). Iyahambelana ne-MOGlabs PDA kunye neThorlabs photodetectors. Iza kusetyenziswa ngeentambo eziqhelekileyo ze-M8, umzample Digikey 277-4264-ND. Qinisekisa ukuba ii-photodetectors zicinyiwe xa ziqhagamshelwe kunikezelo lombane ukuthintela ukuphuma kwazo ngobhongwana.
ZUZA kuMqulutagI-e-controlled proportional gains of fast servo, ± 1 V, ehambelana noluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-front-panel knob. Ithatha indawo yolawulo lwephaneli yangaphambili FAST GAIN xa i-DIP1 yenziwe yasebenza.
TSHAYELA KWI-r yangaphandleamp igalelo livumela ukuskena rhoqo rhoqo, 0 ukuya ku-2.5 V. Isiginali kufuneka iwele i-1.25 V, echaza iziko lokutshayela kunye nendawo yokutshixa esondeleyo.
10
Isahluko 2. Uqhagamshelwano kunye nolawulo
3 4
1 +12 V
1
3 -12 V
4 0V
Umzobo 2.1: Ipinawuthi yokudibanisa i-M8 yaMANDLA A, B.
I-MOD KWI-High-bandwidth modulation input, yongezwe ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso ekhawulezayo, ± 1 V ukuba i-DIP4 ivuliwe. Qaphela ukuba i-DIP4 ivuliwe, i-MOD IN kufuneka iqhagamshelwe kunikezelo, okanye ipheliswe ngokufanelekileyo.
I-SLOW OUT Imveliso yolawulo olucothayo, i-0 V ukuya kwi-2.5 V. Ngokuqhelekileyo ixhunywe kumqhubi we-piezo okanye enye i-actuator ecothayo.
I-FAST OUT Ukukhutshwa kwesignali yokulawula ngokukhawuleza, ± 2 5 V. Ngokuqhelekileyo ixhunywe kwi-injection ye-diode yangoku, i-acousto- okanye i-electro-optic modulator, okanye enye i-actuator ekhawulezayo.
ILISO 1, 2 Isiphumo esikhethiweyo sophawu lokubekwa iliso.
I-TRIG Phantsi ukuya kwimveliso ephezulu ye-TTL kwiziko lokutshayela, 1M.
TSHIXA KWI-TTL scan/ulawulo lokutshixa; 3.5 mm isinxibelelanisi sestereo, ekhohlo/ekunene (izikhonkwane 2, 3) zokutshixa okucothayo/okukhawulezayo; low (umhlaba) uyasebenza (vula isitshixo). Ukuskena kwipaneli yangaphambili/isitshixo kufuneka ku-SKENA ukuze TSHITSHWE NGAPHAKATHI. Intambo ye-Digikey CP-2207-ND inikeza iplagi ye-3.5 mm eneziphelo zocingo; obomvu kwiqhaga elicothayo, mnyama obhityileyo kwisitshixo esikhawulezayo, kunye nomnyama ongqindilili emhlabeni.
321
1 Umhlaba 2 Isitshixo esikhawulezayo 3 Isitshixo esicothayo
Umzobo 2.2: I-3.5 mm i-pinout yokudibanisa i-stereo ye-TTL scan / control lock.
2.3 Iiswitshi zeDIP zangaphakathi
11
2.3 Iiswitshi zeDIP zangaphakathi
Kukho iiswitshi ezininzi ze-DIP zangaphakathi ezibonelela ngeendlela ezongezelelekileyo, zonke zisetwe ukuba IVIWE ngokungagqibekanga.
ISILUMKISO Kukho amathuba okuba sesichengeni somthamo ophezulutages ngaphakathi kwe-FSC, ngakumbi malunga nonikezelo lwamandla.
CIMA
1 Ukufumana ngokukhawuleza
Iqhosha lepaneli yangaphambili
2 Impendulo ecothayo Isihlanganisi esinye
3 Ukuthatha icala
Ramp ukucotha kuphela
4 IMOD yangaphandle ikhubazekile
5 Ukulinganisa
Okuqhelekileyo
6 Tshayela
Okuhle
7 Ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza i-DC
8 Ukuphelisa ngokukhawuleza
0
KWIMbonakaliso yangaphandle Isihlanganisi esiphindwe kabini Ramp ukukhawuleza kunye nokucotha Inikwe amandla ezinzileyo kwindawo ephakathi Negative AC -1 V
I-DIP 1 Ukuba IVULIWE, inzuzo ekhawulezayo ye-servo imiselwa ngamandla anokusetyenziswa kwiphaneli yangasemva GAIN IN isinxibelelanisi endaweni yephaneli yangaphambili FAST GAIN knob.
I-DIP 2 I-servo ecothayo sisihlanganisi esisodwa (OFF) okanye esiphindwe kabini (ON). KUFANELE KUVALWE ukuba usebenzisa "indlwane" ecothayo kwaye ekhawulezayo imo yokusebenza ye-servo.
DIP 3 Ukuba IVULIWE, yenza i-bias current ngokomlinganiselo wemveliso ecothayo ye-servo ukuthintela imowudi-hops. Yenza kuphela ukuba awubonelelwanga sisilawuli selaser. Kufuneka IVALIWE xa i-FSC isetyenziswa ngokudibanisa ne-MOGLabs DLC.
I-DIP 4 Ukuba IVALIWE, yenza uhlengahlengiso lwangaphandle ngesidibanisi seMOD IN kwindawo yolawulo yangasemva. Uhlengahlengiso longezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-FAST OUT. Xa yenziwe yasebenza kodwa ingasetyenziswa, igalelo leMOD IN kufuneka lipheliswe ukunqanda ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo.
I-DIP 5 Ukuba IVALIWE, ivala iqhosha lokucima lephaneli yangaphambili kwaye ilungise i-offset kwindawo esembindini. Iluncedo kwimo yokutshayela yangaphandle, ukuphepha ngempazamo
12
Isahluko 2. Uqhagamshelwano kunye nolawulo
ukutshintsha i-laser frequency ngokubetha i-knob ye-offset.
I-DIP yesi-6 Ubuyisela umva kwicala lokutshayela.
DIP 7 Fast AC. Kufuneka iqhele i-ON, ukuze isignali yemposiso ekhawulezayo ibe yi-AC idityaniswe nee-servos zengxelo, kunye nexesha elingaguqukiyo yi-40 ms (25 Hz).
DIP 8 Ukuba IVULIWE, i -1 V offset yongezwa kwimveliso ekhawulezayo. I-DIP8 kufuneka icime xa i-FSC isetyenziswa ngee-laser ze-MOGlabs.
Feedback control loops
I-FSC ineendlela ezimbini zempendulo ezifanayo ezinokuqhuba ii-activators ezimbini ngaxeshanye: i-actuator “ecothayo”, edla ngokusetyenziswa ukutshintsha i-laser frequency ngesixa esikhulu kumaxesha acothayo, kunye ne-actuator yesibini “ekhawulezayo”. I-FSC ibonelela ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lwecandelo ngalinyetage ye-servo loop, kunye nokutshayela (ramp) ijenereyitha kunye nokubekwa iliso komqondiso ofanelekileyo.
Igalelo
Igalelo
+
AC
ERR OFFSET
DC
A IN
A
0v
+
B
B IN
0v +
VREF
0v
I-CHB
FAST SIGN Fast AC [7] DC block
UMQONDISO OCOTHAYO
IMODULATION & TSHAYELI
RATE
Ramp
INT/EXT
Ukuthambeka [6] TSHAYELA NGAPHAKATHI
I-SPAN
0v
+
OFFSET
IMOD IN
0v
Mod [4]
0v
Fixed offset [5]
0v
UKUQALA
0v 0v
+
I-BIAS
0v 0v
Icala [3]
TSHIXA (NGXESHA) TSHIXA (KAYICILEYO) NGXESHA = TSHIXA KAKHULU = TSHA
LF itshayele
KHAWUZISAYO +
FAST SERVO
ZUZA NGENXA YEZULU
Inzuzo yangaphandle [1] P
+
I
+
0v
I-NESTED
KHAWUZA = TSHIXA NGENXA (NGXASHA)
D
0v
I-SERVO ecothayo
Imposiso ecothayo Fumana IFUMANE KAKHULU
SLOW INT
#1
LF itshayele
SLOW INT
+
#2
0v
Umdibanisi kabini [2]
PHUMELA
Umzobo 3.1: Isicwangciso se-MOGlabs FSC. Iileyibhile eziluhlaza zibhekisa kulawulo kwiphaneli yangaphambili kunye negalelo kwipaneli yangasemva, ezimdaka zizitshiwu zangaphakathi zeDIP, kwaye ezimfusa ziziphumo kwiphaneli yangasemva.
13
14
Isahluko 3. Iilophu zolawulo lwengxelo
3.1 Igalelo stage
Igalelo stagI-e ye-FSC (umzobo 3.2) ivelisa isignali yephutha njengeVERR = VA - VB - VOFFSET. I-VA ithathwa kwi-"A IN" i-SMA isidibanisi, kwaye i-VB isetiwe ngokusebenzisa i-CHB yokukhetha umkhethi, okhetha phakathi kwe-"B IN" i-SMA isidibanisi, i-VB = 0 okanye i-VB = i-VREF njengoko imiselwe yi-trimpot ekufutshane.
Umlawuli wenza i-servo isignali yempazamo ukuya kwi-zero, echaza indawo yokutshixa. Ezinye izicelo zinokuzuza kuhlengahlengiso oluncinci ukuya kwinqanaba le-DC ukulungelelanisa le ndawo yokutshixa, enokuthi iphunyezwe nge-10-turn knob ERR OFFSET ukuya kuthi ga kwi-± 0 1 V shift, ngaphandle kokuba umkhethi we-INPUT usetelwe kwimodi ye-"offset" (). Ukulinganisa okukhulu kunokufezekiswa nge-REF trimpot.
Igalelo
Igalelo
+ AC
ERR OFFSET
DC
A IN
A
0v
+
B
B IN
UPHAWU OLUKHAWULEYO olukhawulezayo lwe-AC [7] FE IPHUTHA ELIKHAWULEYO
DC block
Impazamo ekhawulezayo
0v +
VREF
0v
I-CHB
UMQONDISO OCOTHAYO
Imposiso ecothayo SE I-ERR Ecothayo
Umzobo 3.2: Schematic of the FSC input stage ebonisa ukudibanisa, i-offset kunye nolawulo lwepolarity. Iihexagons zimiqondiso ebekwe iliso ekhoyo ngokusebenzisa ipaneli engaphambili yokujonga umkhethi wokutshintsha.
3.2 Ilophu ye-servo ecothayo
Umfanekiso 3.3 ubonisa ukucotha kobumbeko lwengxelo yeFSC. Inzuzo eguquguqukayo stage ilawulwa ngephaneli yangaphambili-SLOW FUMANA iqhosha. Isenzo somlawuli sisesinye- okanye sidibanisa kabini
3.2 Ilophu ye-servo ecothayo
15
kuxhomekeke ekubeni iDIP2 yenziwe na. Ixesha elicothayo lomhlanganisi lilawulwa kwiphaneli yangaphambili SLOW INT knob, ebhalwe ngokomlinganiselo wekona enxulumeneyo.
I-SERVO ecothayo
Imposiso ecothayo Fumana IFUMANE KAKHULU
Abahlanganisi
SLOW INT
#1
LF itshayele
SLOW INT
+
#2
0v
Umdibanisi kabini [2]
PHUMELA
LF ELULA
Umzobo 3.3: Isikimu sengxelo ecothayo I/I2 servo. Iihexagons zimiqondiso ebekwe iliso ekhoyo ngokutshintsha indawo yokukhetha ipaneli yangaphambili.
Ngomdibanisi omnye, inzuzo iyanda nge-Fourier frequency esezantsi, kunye ne-slope ye-20 dB kwishumi leminyaka. Ukongeza umdibanisi wesibini kwandisa i-slope ukuya kwi-40 dB ngeshumi leminyaka, ukunciphisa i-offset yexesha elide phakathi kwee-frequencies zangempela kunye ne-setpoint. Ukwandisa inzuzo ekude kakhulu kubangela i-oscillation njengoko umlawuli "esabela ngokugqithisileyo" kwiinguqu kwisignali yephutha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu ngamanye amaxesha kunenzuzo ukukhawulela inzuzo ye-loop yokulawula kwiifrikhwensi eziphantsi, apho impendulo enkulu inokubangela i-laser mode-hop.
I-servo ecothayo ibonelela ngoluhlu olukhulu lokuhlawulela ukuhamba kwexesha elide kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-acoustic, kwaye i-actuator ekhawulezayo inoluhlu oluncinci kodwa i-bandwidth ephezulu ukuhlawulela ukuphazamiseka okukhawulezayo. Ukusebenzisa i-double-integrator iqinisekisa ukuba i-servo ecothayo inempendulo elawulayo kwi-frequency ephantsi.
Kwizicelo ezingabandakanyi i-actuator ecothayo eyahlukileyo, isignali yolawulo olucothayo (impazamo enye okanye kabini edibeneyo) inokongezwa ngokukhawuleza ngokucwangcisa i-SLOW switch kwi-"NESTED". Kule modi kucetyiswa ukuba isihlanganisi esiphindwe kabini kwisitishi esicothayo sikhutshazwe nge-DIP2 ukuthintela ukudityaniswa kathathu.
16
Isahluko 3. Iilophu zolawulo lwengxelo
3.2.1 Ukulinganisa impendulo ecothayo ye-servo
I-servo loop ecothayo yenzelwe imbuyekezo yokucotha. Ukujonga impendulo ecothayo:
1. Cwangcisa i-monitor 1 kwi-ERR e-SLOW kwaye udibanise imveliso kwi-oscilloscope.
2. Misela i-monitor 2 kwi-SLOW kwaye udibanise imveliso kwi-oscilloscope.
3. Set INPUT to (offset mode) and CHB to 0.
4. Lungisa iqhosha le-ERR OFFSET de inqanaba le-DC eliboniswe kwi-SLOW ERR monitor lisondele ku-zero.
5. Lungisa i-FREQ OFFSET knob de inqanaba le-DC eliboniswe kwimonitha ye-SLOW lisondele ku-zero.
6. Seta ii-volts ngecandelo ngalinye kwi-oscilloscope ukuya kwi-10mV kwicandelo ngalinye kuwo omabini amajelo.
7. Bandakanya i-servo loop ecothayo ngokuseta imo ye-SLOW UKUTHIXA.
8. Lungisa kancinane iknobhu ye-ERR OFFSET ngohlobo lokuba inqanaba le-DC eliboniswe kwi-SLOW ERR esweni lihambe ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwe-zero nge-10 mV.
9. Njengoko isignali yempazamo ehlanganisiweyo itshintsha uphawu, uya kubona utshintsho olucothayo lwemveliso nge-250 mV.
Qaphela ukuba ixesha lokuphendula le-servo ecothayo ukukhukuliseka ukuya kumda walo kuxhomekeke kwinani lezinto ezibandakanya inzuzo ecothayo, ixesha elicothayo lokudibanisa elihlala lihleli, ukudityaniswa okukodwa okanye kabini, kunye nobungakanani bomqondiso wempazamo.
3.2 Ilophu ye-servo ecothayo
17
3.2.2 Isiphumo esicothayo voltage swing (kuphela FSC series A04… nangaphantsi)
Imveliso ye-loop yolawulo lwe-servo ecothayo ilungiselelwe uluhlu lwe-0 ukuya kwi-2.5 V ukuhambelana ne-MOGLabs DLC. Igalelo lolawulo lwe-DLC SWEEP piezo linomthamotage inzuzo ye-48 ukwenzela ukuba igalelo eliphezulu le-2.5 V liphumela kwi-120 V kwi-piezo. Xa i-servo loop ecothayo ibandakanyeka, isiphumo esicothayo siya kujika kuphela nge-±25 mV xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso layo phambi kothethathethwano. Lo mda wenziwa ngabom, ukunqanda i-laser mode hops. Xa imveliso ecothayo ye-FSC isetyenziswa kunye ne-MOGlabs DLC, i-50 mV swing ekuphumeni kwesiteshi esicothayo se-FSC ihambelana ne-2.4 V swing kwi-piezo vol.tage ehambelana notshintsho kwi-laser frequency malunga ne-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 GHz, xa kuthelekiswa noluhlu lwe-spectral olukhululekile lwe-cavity yereferensi eqhelekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nabalawuli belaser abahlukeneyo, utshintsho olukhulu kwimveliso ecothayo etshixiweyo ye-FSC inokuvulwa ngotshintsho olulula lwe-resistor. Inzuzo kwimveliso ye-loop yempendulo ecothayo ichazwa yi-R82/R87, umlinganiselo we-resistors R82 (500) kunye ne-R87 (100 k). Ukwandisa imveliso ecothayo, yandisa i-R82/R87, eyona nto ifezwa ngokulula ngokunciphisa i-R87 nge-piggybacking enye i-resistor ngokuhambelana (iphakheji ye-SMD, ubukhulu be-0402). Umzekeloample, ukongeza i-30 k resistor ngokunxuseneyo ne-100 k ekhoyo yokuxhathisa kuya kunika uxhathiso olusebenzayo lwe-23 k ibonelela ngokwanda kokujingi okucothayo kwemveliso ukusuka ku-±25 mV ukuya kwi-±125 mV. Umzobo 3.4 ubonisa uyilo lwe-FSC PCB ngeenxa zonkeamp U16.
I-R329
U16
C36
C362 R85 R331 C44 R87
C71
C35
I-R81 R82
Umfanekiso 3.4: Uyilo lwe-FSC PCB olujikeleze ingeniso ecothayo yokugqibelaamp i-U16, ene- gain setting resistors i-R82 kunye ne-R87 (ibiyelwe); ubukhulu 0402.
18
Isahluko 3. Iilophu zolawulo lwengxelo
3.3 Iluphu ye-servo ekhawulezayo
I-servo yempendulo ekhawulezayo (umzobo we-3.5) yi-PID-loop enika ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwi-proportional (P), i-integrated (I) kunye ne-different (D) yeengxelo zecandelo, kunye nokuzuza ngokubanzi kwenkqubo yonke. Imveliso ekhawulezayo ye-FSC inokujika ukusuka kwi--2.5 V ukuya kwi-2.5 V ethi, xa iqwalaselwe nge-MOGLabs yangaphandle ye-cavity diode laser, inokubonelela nge-swing yangoku ye-± 2.5 mA.
FAST SERVO
NGENA
Inzuzo yangaphandle [1]
UKUZUZA NGQONDO
Impazamo ekhawulezayo
Ulawulo olucothayo
0v
+ INESTED
KHAWUZA = TSHIXA NGENXA (NGXASHA)
PI
D
0v
+
Ukulawula ngokukhawuleza
Umzobo 3.5: Isikimu somlawuli we-PID ye-servo ekhawulezayo.
Umzobo 3.6 ubonisa isicwangciso sengqiqo yesenzo sazo zombini iilophu ze-servo ezikhawulezayo kunye nezicothayo. Kwiifrikhwensi ezisezantsi, umdibanisi okhawulezayo (I) loop uyalawula. Ukuthintela i-servo loop ekhawulezayo ukusabela kwi-frequency ephantsi (i-acoustic) yokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, umda wokufumana umlinganiselo ophantsi usetyenziswa kulawulwa yi-GAIN LIMIT knob.
Kumaza aphakathi kuluhlu (10 kHz1 MHz) ingxelo ehambelanayo (P) iyongamela. Ubunye bokufumana i-frequency yekona apho ingxelo elinganayo idlula impendulo edibeneyo ilawulwa yi-FAST INT knob. Inzuzo iyonke ye-P loop isetwa nguye FAST GAIN trimpot, okanye ngophawu lolawulo lwangaphandle ngephaneli yangasemva GAIN IN isinxibelelanisi.
3.3 Iluphu ye-servo ekhawulezayo
19
60
Ukufumana (dB)
Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu. cutoff Isihlanganisi kabini
FAST INT FAST FAST
FAST DIFF DIFF GUIN (umda)
40
20
Umdibanisi
0
FAST LF GUIN (umda)
Umdibanisi
Ngokomlinganiselo
Umahluli
Hluza
SLOW INT
20101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
I-Fourier frequency [Hz]
Umzobo 3.6: Iploti yeConceptual Bode ebonisa isenzo sozilawuli okhawulezayo (obomvu) kunye nocothayo (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Isilawuli esicothayo sinokuba sisidibanisi esinye okanye esiphindwe kabini esinokulungiswa rhoqo kwekona. Umlawuli okhawulezayo ngumbuyekezi we-PID kunye nee-frequencies zekona eziguquguqukayo kunye nokufumana imida kwi-frequencies ephantsi kunye nephezulu. Ngokuzithandela umahluko unokukhutshazwa kwaye indawo yayo ifakwe isihluzo esisezantsi.
Iifrikhwensi eziphezulu (1 MHz) zifuna ukuba umahluko welophu yongamele ukuphuculwa kokutshixa. Umahluko ubonelela ngembuyekezo ye-phaselead kwixesha elipheleleyo lokuphendula kwenkqubo kwaye inenzuzo eyonyuka kwi-20 dB ngeshumi leminyaka. I-frequency yekona ye-loop eyahlukileyo inokulungiswa nge-FAST DIFF / FILTER knob ukulawula ukuphindaphinda apho ulwahlulo lulawula khona. Ukuba i-FAST DIFF/IFILTER isetelwe ukuba IVALIWE, ngoko ke i-loop yokwahlukana ivaliwe kwaye impendulo ihlala ilinganisela kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu. Ukuthintela i-oscillation kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yengxolo ephezulu-frequency xa i-loop ye-feedback loop ibandakanyeka, kukho umda wokuzuza ohlengahlengiswayo, i-DIFF GAIN, ethintela umahluko kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu.
I-different ayisoloko ifunwa, kwaye umbuyekezi unokuzuza kwi-low-pass filtering yempendulo ye-servo ekhawulezayo ukunciphisa ngakumbi impembelelo yengxolo. Jikelezisa i-FAST DIFF/IFILTER
20
Isahluko 3. Iilophu zolawulo lwengxelo
iqhoshana elichasene newotshi ukusuka kwindawo OFF ukuseta ukuqengqeleka kokuphindaphinda kwendlela yokucoca.
I-servo ekhawulezayo ineendlela ezintathu zokusebenza: I-SCAN, SCAN+P kunye ne-XHA. Xa icwangciswe kwi-SCAN, impendulo ivaliwe kwaye kuphela i-bias isetyenziswa kwimveliso ekhawulezayo. Xa imiselwe kuSCAN+P, kusetyenziswa ingxelo elungelelanisiweyo, evumela ukumiselwa kophawu lwe-servo olukhawulezayo kunye nokuzuza ngelixa i-laser frequency isaskena, ukwenza lula ukutshixa kunye nenkqubo yokulungisa (bona §4.2). Kwimowudi ye-LOCK, ukuskena kuyanqunyanyiswa kwaye ingxelo epheleleyo ye-PID ibandakanyeka.
3.3.1 Ukulinganisa impendulo ye-servo ekhawulezayo
La macandelo mabini alandelayo achaza umlinganiselo wengxelo elinganayo kunye neyohlukileyo kwiinguqu kwisignali yephutha. Sebenzisa ijenereyitha yomsebenzi ukulinganisa umqondiso wempazamo, kunye ne-oscilloscope ukulinganisa impendulo.
1. Qhagamshela I-monitor 1, i-2 kwi-oscilloscope, kwaye usethe abakhethi kwi-FAST ERR kunye ne-FAST .
2. Set INPUT to (offset mode) and CHB to 0.
3. Qhagamshela umsebenzi wejenereyitha kwi-CHA input.
4. Qwalasela umsebenzi wejenereyitha ukuvelisa i-100 Hz sine wave ye-20 mV peak ukuya kwincopho.
5. Lungisa iqhosha le-ERR OFFSET ngendlela yokuba isignali yempazamo ye-sinusoidal, njengoko ibonwa kwi-monitor FAST ERR, ibekwe embindini malunga ne-zero.
3.3.2 Ukulinganisa impendulo elungelelanisiweyo · Nciphisa ubude bexesha ukuya ku-zero ngokujika iqhosha le-SPAN ngokupheleleyo lichasene newotshi.
· Cwangcisa KAMANDLA ukuya kuSCAN+P ukubandakanya ingxelo yengxelo elungelelanisiweyo.
3.3 Iluphu ye-servo ekhawulezayo
21
· Kwi-oscilloscope, imveliso ye-FAST ye-FSC kufuneka ibonise i-100 Hz sine wave.
· Lungisa iqhosha le-FAST GAIN ukuze utshintshe inzuzo elinganayo ye-servo ekhawulezayo ide imveliso ifane. amplitude njengegalelo.
· Ukulinganisa umlinganiselo wempendulo yefrikhwensi yengxelo, hlengahlengisa ukuphindaphinda kwejenereyitha yomsebenzi kwaye ubeke iliso kwi ampUbungakanani bempendulo yesiphumo se-FAST. Umzekeloample, yongeza frequency de amplitude isiqingatha, ukufumana -3 dB ukufumana frequency.
3.3.3 Ukulinganisa impendulo yokwahluka
1. Cwangcisa i-FAST INT ukuba iValwe ukucima i-loop yokuhlanganisa.
2. Misela i-FAST GAIN kumanyano usebenzisa amanyathelo achazwe kweli candelo lingentla.
3. Seta i-DIFF GAIN ku-0 dB.
4. Cwangcisa i-FAST DIFF / FILTER ukuya kwi-100 kHz.
5. Tshayela i-frequency ye-generator umsebenzi ukusuka kwi-100 kHz ukuya kwi-3 MHz kwaye ubeke iliso kwi-FAST output.
6. Njengoko utshayela isiginali yempazamo, kufuneka ubone inzuzo yomanyano kuwo onke amaza.
7. Seta i-DIFF GAIN ku-24 dB.
8. Ngoku njengoko utshayela impazamo yophawu lokuphindaphinda, kufuneka uqaphele i-20 dB kwishumi leminyaka lokunyuka kwethambeka emva kwe-100 kHz eya kuqalisa ukuqengqeleka kwi-1 MHz, ibonisa i-op.amp ukulinganiselwa komda.
Inzuzo yemveliso ekhawulezayo inokutshintshwa ngokuguqula amaxabiso aphikisayo, kodwa isiphaluka sinzima kunokuba siphendule ngokukhawuleza (§3.2.2). Qhagamshelana ne-MOGLabs ngolwazi oluthe kratya ukuba luyafuneka.
22
Isahluko 3. Iilophu zolawulo lwengxelo
3.4 Uhlengahlengiso kunye nokuskena
Ukuskena kweLaser kulawulwa nokuba yijenereyitha yokutshayela yangaphakathi okanye uphawu lokutshayela lwangaphandle. Ukutshayela kwangaphakathi i-sawtooth enexesha eliguquguqukayo njengoko ibekwe yi-internal-position range switch (App. C), kunye ne-single-turn trimpot RATE kwiphaneli yangaphambili.
Iilophu ze-servo ezikhawulezayo nezicothayo zinokubandakanyeka ngokwahlukeneyo ngeempawu ze-TTL kwiphaneli yangasemva ehambelana nokutshintsha kwephaneli yangaphambili. Ukuseta nokuba yiyiphi loop kwi-LOCK kumisa ukutshayela kwaye kuvule uzinzo.
IMODULATION & TSHAYELI
INT/EXT
UKUQALA
RATE
Ramp
Ukuthambeka [6] TSHAYELA NGAPHAKATHI
I-SPAN
0v
+
OFFSET
0v
0v
Fixed offset [5]
Ulawulo olukhawulezayo lweMOD IN
Mod [4]
0v
0v 0v
+
I-BIAS
0v 0v
Icala [3]
THIXELA (NGXESHA)
THIXELA (KAYICILEYO)
FAST = TSHIXA KAKHULU = TSHA
RAMP RA
LF itshayele
I-BIAS BS
KHAWUZISAYO +
HF FAST
Umzobo 3.7: Tshayela, ukumodareyitha kwangaphandle, kunye ne-feedforward current bias.
I-ramp inokongezwa kwakhona kwimveliso ekhawulezayo ngokuvumela i-DIP3 kunye nokulungelelanisa i-BIAS trimpot, kodwa abalawuli abaninzi be-laser (njenge-MOGLabs DLC) baya kuvelisa i-bias efunekayo ngoku ngokusekwe kwisignali ye-servo ecothayo, apho kungeyomfuneko ukuba nayo ivelise ngaphakathi kwe-FSC.
4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall lokutshixa
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-FSC kukutshixa i-laser kwi-optical cavity usebenzisa ubuchule bePDH (umzobo 4.1). I-cavity isebenza njenge-frequency discriminator, kwaye i-FSC igcina i-laser kwi-resonance kunye ne-cavity ngokulawula i-laser piezo kunye ne-current ngokusebenzisa iziphumo zayo ze-SLOW kunye ne-FAST ngokulandelanayo, ukunciphisa i-laser linewidth. Inqaku lesicelo elahlukileyo (AN002) liyafumaneka elibonelela ngeengcebiso ezicacileyo ezisebenzayo malunga nokuphunyezwa kwezixhobo zePDH.
I-Oscilloscope
UKUQALA
CH1
CH2
ILaser
Imod yangoku yePiezo SMA
EOM
PBS
PD
Umlawuli we-DLC
PZT MOD
AC
Umngxuma LPF
HLOLA 2 HLOLA 1 TSHIXA
TSHAYELA UZUZE
B IN
A IN
Uthotho:
UKUQALA
KHAWULEZA UPHUMELELE UYIMOD IN
AMANDLA B AMANDLA A
Umzobo 4.1: Isicwangciso esilula se-PDH-cavity locking usebenzisa i-FSC. I-electro-optic modulator (EOM) ivelisa ama-sidebands, adibana ne-cavity, evelisa izibonakaliso ezilinganiswa kwi-photodetector (PD). Ukunciphisa isignali ye-photodetector ivelisa uphawu lwephutha lePDH.
Iindidi zezinye iindlela zingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimpawu zempazamo, ezingayi kuxoxwa ngazo apha. Inxalenye eseleyo yesi sahluko ichaza indlela yokuphumeza isitshixo xa uphawu lwempazamo lwenziwe.
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24
Isahluko 4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall lokutshixa
4.1 Ulungelelwaniso lweLaser kunye nesilawuli
I-FSC iyahambelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelaser kunye nabalawuli, ngaphandle kokuba zilungiselelwe ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokusebenza efunwayo. Xa uqhuba i-ECDL (efana ne-MOGLabs CEL okanye i-LDL lasers), iimfuno ze-laser kunye nomlawuli zilandelayo:
· Ukumodareyitha okuphezulu kwe-bandwidth ngqo kwi-laser headboard okanye intra-cavity phase modulator.
· High-voltagUlawulo lwe-e piezo ukusuka kumqondiso wolawulo lwangaphandle.
· Imveliso ye-feed-forward (“bias current”) yeelaser ezifuna i-bias ye-1 mA kuluhlu lwescan. I-FSC iyakwazi ukuvelisa i-bias yangoku ngaphakathi kodwa uluhlu lunokuthi luthintelwe yi-headboard electronics okanye i-modulator yesigaba saturation, ngoko kunokuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-bias ebonelelwa ngumlawuli we-laser.
Izilawuli ze-laser ze-MOGlabs kunye nee-headboards zinokuqwalaselwa ngokulula ukufezekisa ukuziphatha okufunekayo, njengoko kuchazwe ngezantsi.
4.1.1 Ukumiselwa kwe-Headboard
I-MOGlabs lasers ibandakanya i-headboard yangaphakathi edibanisa amacandelo kunye nomlawuli. I-headboard equka ukumodareyitha okukhawulezileyo ngoku nge-SMA isinxibelelanisi siyafuneka ukuze usebenze nge-FSC. I-headboard kufuneka idityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-FSC FAST OUT.
I-headboard ye-B1240 inconywa kakhulu kwi-bandwidth yokulinganisa ubuninzi, nangona i-B1040 kunye ne-B1047 zithatha indawo eyamkelekileyo ye-lasers engahambelani ne-B1240. I-headboard inenani lokutshintsha kwe-jumper ekufuneka ilungiselelwe i-DC idityaniswe kunye ne-buffered (BUF) igalelo, apho kufanelekileyo.
4.2 Ukuphumeza isitshixo sokuqala
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4.1.2 Ulungelelwaniso lweDLC
Nangona i-FSC inokulungiselelwa ukutshayela kwangaphakathi okanye kwangaphandle, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa imowudi yokutshayela yangaphakathi kwaye usete i-DLC njengesixhobo sekhoboka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Qhagamshela i-SLOW OUT UKUTSHAYELA / PZT MOD kwi-DLC.
2. Yenza i-DIP9 isebenze (ukutshayela kwaNgaphandle) kwi-DLC. Qinisekisa ukuba i-DIP13 kunye ne-DIP14 zicimile.
3. Khubaza i-DIP3 (i-Bias generation) ye-FSC. I-DLC ivelisa ngokuzenzekelayo i-feed-forward bias yangoku kwigalelo lokutshayela, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuvelisa i-bias ngaphakathi kwe-FSC.
4. Cwangcisa i-SPAN kwi-DLC ukuba ibephezulu (ngokupheleleyo ngokwewotshi).
5. Misela i-FREQUENCY kwi-DLC ibe zero usebenzisa i-LCD ukubonisa ukuphindaphinda.
6. Qinisekisa ukuba UKUTSHAYELA kwi-FSC yi-INT.
7. Misela i-FREQ OFFSET ibe kuluhlu oluphakathi kunye ne-SPAN ukuba igcwale kwi-FSC kwaye uqwalasele iskeni selaser.
8. Ukuba iskeni sikwicala elingelilo, jikela i-DIP4 ye-FSC okanye i-DIP11 ye-DLC.
Kubalulekile ukuba iqhosha le-SPAN le-DLC lingahlengahlengiswa xa lisetiwe njengasentla, njengoko liya kuba nefuthe kwi-feedback loop kwaye inokuthintela i-FSC ekutshixekeni. Ulawulo lwe-FSC kufuneka lusetyenziswe ukulungisa ukutshayela.
4.2 Ukuphumeza isitshixo sokuqala
Ulawulo lwe-SPAN kunye ne-OFFSET ye-FSC inokusetyenziselwa ukutshayela i-laser ukutshayela kwindawo efunekayo yokutshixa (umzekelo, i-cavity resonance) kunye nokusondeza kwisikena esincinci esijikeleze isandi. Ezilandelayo
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Isahluko 4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall lokutshixa
amanyathelo abonisa inkqubo efunekayo ukuphumeza isitshixo esizinzileyo. Amanani adwelisiweyo ayabonisa, kwaye kuya kufuneka ahlengahlengiswe kwizicelo ezithile. Iingcebiso ezingaphezulu malunga nokuphucula isitshixo zinikwe kwi-§4.3.
4.2.1 Ukutshixa ngempendulo ekhawulezayo
1. Qhagamshela umqondiso wemposiso kwigalelo elithi A IN kwiphaneli yangasemva.
2. Qinisekisa ukuba uphawu lwempazamo luyi-odolo ye-10 mVpp.
3. Set INPUT to (offset mode) and CHB to 0.
4. Misela i-monitor 1 kwi-FAST ERR kwaye uqaphele kwi-oscilloscope. Lungisa i ERR OFFSET knob de inqanaba le DC elibonisiweyo libe nguziro. Ukuba akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa i-ERROR OFFSET knob ukulungisa umgangatho we-DC wophawu lwephutha, i-INPUT switch inokusetwa kwi-DC kwaye i-ERROR OFFSET knob ayiyi kuba nesiphumo, ukukhusela ukulungiswa ngengozi.
5. Nciphisa i-FAST GAIN ukuya ku-zero.
6. Cwangcisa u-FAST ku-SCAN+P, seta UKU-SLOW UKUSKENA, kwaye ufumane i-resonance usebenzisa izilawuli zokutshayela.
7. Yandisa i-FAST GAIN de isibonakaliso sephutha sibonakale "solula" njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 4.2. Ukuba oku akujongwanga, jikisa iswitsha ye-FAST SIGN kwaye uzame kwakhona.
8. Cwangcisa i-FAST DIFF ukuya OFF kunye ne-GAIN LIMIT ukuya kwi-40. Nciphisa i-FAST INT ukuya kwi-100 kHz.
9. Cwangcisa imodi ye-FAST kwi-LOCK kwaye umlawuli uya kukhiya kwi-zero-crossing yesiginali yephutha. Kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kwi-FREQ OFFSET ukutshixa i-laser.
10. Lungiselela iqhaga ngokulungisa i-FAST GAIN kunye ne-FAST INT ngelixa uqwalasela umqondiso wephutha. Kunokuba yimfuneko ukutshixa kwakhona i-servo emva kokulungelelanisa umhlanganisi.
4.2 Ukuphumeza isitshixo sokuqala
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Umzobo 4.2: Ukuskena i-laser ngempendulo ye-P kuphela kwisiphumo esikhawulezayo ngelixa ukuskena ukukhutshwa okucothayo kubangela ukuba isignali yephutha (i-orenji) yandiswe xa uphawu kunye nokuzuza zichanekile (ekunene). Kwisicelo sePDH, ukuhanjiswa kwecavity (blue) kuya kwandiswa.
11. Ezinye izicelo zinokuzuza ngokunyusa i-FAST DIFF ukuphucula impendulo yeluphu, kodwa oku ngokuqhelekileyo akufuneki ukufezekisa i-lock yokuqala.
4.2.2 Ukutshixa ngengxelo ecothayo
Nje ukuba isitshixo siphunyeziwe ngolungelelwaniso olukhawulezayo kunye nengxelo edibanisayo, ingxelo ecothayo kufuneka emva koko ithathelwe ingqalelo ukukhukuliseka okucothayo kunye nobuntununtunu kwizakhelo eziphantsi ze-acoustic.
1. Misela i-SLOW GAIN kuluhlu oluphakathi kunye ne-SLOW INT ukuya kwi-100 Hz.
2. Cwangcisa imowudi ye-FAST kwi-SCAN+P ukuvula i-laser, kwaye ulungelelanise i-SPAN kunye ne-OFFSET ukuze ukwazi ukubona i-zero yokuwela.
3. Misela i-monitor 2 kwi-ERR e-SLOW kwaye ujonge kwi-oscilloscope. Lungisa i-trimpot ecaleni kwe-ERR OFFSET ukuzisa umqondiso wemposiso ocothayo ku-zero. Ukulungelelanisa le trimpot kuyakuchaphazela kuphela inqanaba le-DC lophawu olucothayo lwempazamo, hayi umqondiso wempazamo okhawulezayo.
4. Phinda ukhiye i-laser ngokucwangcisa imowudi ye-FAST kwi-LOCK kwaye wenze naluphi na uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko kwi-FREQ OFFSET ukutshixa i-laser.
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Isahluko 4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall lokutshixa
5. Cwangcisa imowudi Ecothayo ukuze UKtshixe kwaye ujonge uphawu lwempazamo olucothayo. Ukuba i-servo itshixa, umgangatho we-DC wempazamo ecothayo unokutshintsha. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, qaphela ixabiso elitsha lomqondiso wemposiso, seta u-SLOW umva kwi-SCAN kwaye usebenzise imposiso yokucima i-trimpot ukuzisa isignali yempazamo evuliweyo ecothayo kufutshane nexabiso elitshixiweyo kwaye uzame ukutshixa kwakhona ukutshixa okucothayo.
6. Phinda inyathelo langaphambili lokutshixa ngokucothayo i-laser, ukujonga utshintsho lwe-DC kwimpazamo ecothayo, kunye nokulungelelanisa impazamo ye-offset trimpot de ubandakanye isitshixo esicothayo akuvelisi utshintsho olunokulinganiswa ekutshixeni okucothayo ngokuchasene nexabiso lophawu lwempazamo etshixekileyo.
Impazamo ye-trimpot ye-offset ilungelelanisa umahluko omncinci (mV) kwiimpazamo ezikhawulezayo nezicothayo zolawulo lwempazamo. Ukulungelelanisa i-trimpot kuqinisekisa ukuba zombini iisekethi zembuyekezo ezikhawulezayo nezicothayo zitshixa i-laser kwi-frequency efanayo.
7. Ukuba i-servo ivula ngokukhawuleza emva kokubandakanya iqhaga elicothayo, zama ukuguqulela i-SLOW SIGN.
8. Ukuba i-servo ecothayo isavula ngokukhawuleza, yehlisa inzuzo ecothayo kwaye uzame kwakhona.
9. Nje ukuba ukutshixa okucothayo okuzinzileyo kuphunyezwe nge-ERR OFFSET trimpot esetwe ngokuchanekileyo, lungisa i-SLOW GAIN kunye ne-SLOW INT yokuphucula ukuzinza kwe-lock.
4.3 Ukuphucula
Injongo ye-servo kukutshixa i-laser kwi-zero-crossing yesiginali yempazamo, enokuthi ngokufanelekileyo ibe ngu-zero xa itshixiwe. Ingxolo kwisignali yempazamo ke ngoko ngumlinganiselo womgangatho wokutshixa. Uhlalutyo lwe-Spectrum yesiginali yempazamo sisixhobo esinamandla sokuqonda kunye nokuphucula impendulo. I-RF spectrum analyzers ingasetyenziswa kodwa iyabiza kwaye inoluhlu olunyiniweyo oluguquguqukayo. Ikhadi lesandi elilungileyo (24-bit 192 kHz, umz. iLynx L22)
4.3 Ukuphucula
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ibonelela ngohlalutyo lwengxolo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-Fourier frequency ye-96 kHz kunye ne-140 dB yoluhlu oluguquguqukayo.
Ngokunqwenelekayo i-spectrum analyzer iya kusetyenziswa nge-digriminator ezimeleyo ephindaphindayo engenaluvelwano kuguquguquko lwamandla e-laser [11]. Iziphumo ezilungileyo zinokufezekiswa ngokubeka iliso kwisignali yephutha kwi-loop kodwa umlinganiselo ongaphandle kwe-loop ukhethwa, njengokulinganisa ukuhanjiswa kwecavity kwisicelo sePDH. Ukuhlalutya umqondiso wemposiso, qhagamshela i-spectrum analyzer kwenye yeemveliso ze-monitor ezibekwe kwi-FAST ERR.
Ukutshixa i-high-bandwidth ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukufezekisa ukutshixa okuzinzileyo usebenzisa kuphela i-servo ekhawulezayo, kwaye emva koko usebenzisa i-servo ecothayo ukuphucula ukuzinza kwexesha elide lokutshixa. I-servo ecothayo iyafuneka ukubuyisela i-thermal drift kunye ne-acoustic perturbations, enokuthi ibangele i-mode-hop ukuba ibuyekezwe ngoku kuphela. Ngokwahlukileyo, iindlela ezilula zokutshixa ezifana ne-saturated absorption spectroscopy zidla ngokufezekiswa ngokufumana isitshixo esizinzileyo kunye ne-servo ecothayo, kwaye emva koko kusetyenziswa i-servo ekhawulezayo ukubuyisela ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kuphela. Kunokuba luncedo ukubonisana nesakhiwo seBode (umzobo 4.3) xa utolika i-spectrum yomqondiso wephutha.
Xa ulungiselela i-FSC, kucetyiswa ukuba uqale ulungiselele i-servo ekhawulezayo ngokuhlalutya isignali yephutha (okanye ukuhanjiswa nge-cavity), kwaye emva koko i-servo ecothayo yokunciphisa uvakalelo kukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Ngokukodwa, imowudi yeSCAN+P ibonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo yokufumana uphawu lwengxelo kwaye ufumane malunga nokuchanekileyo.
Qaphela ukuba ukuphumeza esona sitshixo sizinzileyo sifuna ukwenziwa ngononophelo kwemiba emininzi yezixhobo, hayi nje iiparamitha zeFSC. Umzekeloample, intsalela ampi-litude modulation (RAM) kwisixhobo sePDH ibangela ukukhukuliseka kwisiginali yempazamo, leyo i-servo ingakwaziyo ukuyibuyekeza. Ngokufanayo, i-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) iya kondla ingxolo ngqo kwi-laser.
Ngokukodwa, inzuzo ephezulu yabadibanisi ithetha ukuba isitshixo sinokuvela kwiilophu zomhlaba kwikhonkco lokulungisa umqondiso, kwaye
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Isahluko 4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall lokutshixa
kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa ezi. Umhlaba we-FSC kufuneka usondele kangangoko kunokwenzeka kuzo zombini isilawuli se-laser kunye naziphi na izinto zombane ezibandakanyekayo ekuveliseni umqondiso wempazamo.
Inkqubo enye yokuphucula i-servo ekhawulezayo kukuseta i-FAST DIFF ukuya OFF kunye nokulungelelanisa i-FAST GAIN, FAST INT kunye ne-GAIN LIMIT ukunciphisa inqanaba lengxolo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Emva koko ulungise i-FAST DIFF kunye ne-DIFF GAIN ukunciphisa izakhi zengxolo ephezulu-frequency njengoko ibonwa kuhlalutyi lwe-spectrum. Qaphela ukuba utshintsho kwi-FAST GAIN kunye ne-FAST INT inokufuneka ukuze kunyuswe isitshixo xa umahluli sele engenisiwe.
Kwezinye izicelo, umqondiso wephutha ukhawulelwe kwi-bandwidth kwaye iqulethe kuphela ingxolo engahambelaniyo kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kuyinqweneleka ukunciphisa isenzo se-servo kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu zokuthintela ukudibanisa le ngxolo kwisignali yokulawula. Ukhetho lokucoca lunikiwe ukunciphisa impendulo ekhawulezayo ye-servo ngaphezulu kwefrikhwensi ethile. Olu khetho luhlangene-lubodwa kumahluli, kwaye kufuneka lizame ukuba ukwenza umahluko kubonwa ukwandisa
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Ukufumana (dB)
Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu. cutoff Isihlanganisi kabini
FAST INT FAST FAST
FAST DIFF DIFF GUIN (umda)
40
20
Umdibanisi
0
FAST LF GUIN (umda)
Umdibanisi
Ngokomlinganiselo
Umahluli
Hluza
SLOW INT
20101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
I-Fourier frequency [Hz]
Umzobo 4.3: Iploti yeConceptual Bode ebonisa isenzo sozilawuli okhawulezayo (obomvu) kunye nocothayo (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Iifrikhwensi zekona kunye nemida yokufumana ilungelelaniswa kunye namaqhosha ephaneli yangaphambili njengoko ibhaliwe.
4.3 Ukuphucula
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ingxolo elinganisiweyo.
I-servo ecothayo inokuthi iphuculwe ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusabela okugqithisileyo kuphazamiseko lwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwe-servo loop ecothayo umda wokuzuza okuphezulu kuthetha ukuba i-servo ekhawulezayo iya kusabela kukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle (umzekelo, ukudityaniswa kwe-acoustic) kwaye utshintsho oluyisiphumo lwangoku lunokubangela imode-hops kwilaser. Kukhethwa ke ngoko ukuba ezi (low-frequency) zihlawulwe kwi-piezo endaweni yoko.
Ukulungelelanisa i-SLOW GAIN kunye ne-SLOW INT ayizukuvelisa uphuculo kwi-spectrum yesiginali yempazamo, kodwa xa iphuculwe iya kunciphisa ubuntununtunu kwi-acoustic perturbations kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila lokutshixa.
Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa i-double-integrator (DIP2) kunokuphucula ukuzinza ngokuqinisekisa ukuba inzuzo epheleleyo yenkqubo ye-servo ecothayo iphezulu kune-servo ekhawulezayo kula maza aphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokubangela ukuba i-servo ecothayo iphendule ngokugqithisileyo kwi-low-frequency perturbations kunye ne-double-intergrator iyacetyiswa kuphela ukuba i-drifts yexesha elide kwi-current yonakalisa iqhaga.
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Isahluko 4. Isicelo example: Pound-Drever Hall lokutshixa
A. Iinkcukacha
Ipharamitha
Inkcazo
Ixesha lokufumana i-bandwidth (-3 dB) Ukulibaziseka kosasazo lomda wokumodareyitha wangaphandle (-3 dB)
> 35 MHz < 40 ns
> 35 MHz
Igalelo A KUPHAKATHI, B EKUTSHAYENI NGENZUZO KWIMOD KWI-LOCK IN
I-SMA, 1 M, ± 2 5 V SMA, 1 M, 0 ukuya +2 5 V SMA, 1 M, ±2 5 V SMA, 1 M, ± 2 5 V 3.5 mm isinxibelelanisi somsindo wabasetyhini, TTL
Amagalelo e-analogue angaphezulu kwevolthitage ekhuselweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-±10 V. amagalelo e-TTL athatha i-< 1 0 V njengephantsi,> i-2 0 V njengokuphakama. I-LOCK IN amagalelo ngu-0 5 V ukuya ku-7 V, esebenzayo ephantsi, umzobo ±1 µA.
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Isihlomelo A. Iinkcukacha
Ipharamitha
Imveliso KHAWULEZA UPHUMELE ILISO 1, 2 TRIG AMANDLA A, B
Inkcazo
SMA, 50 , 0 ukuya +2 5 V, BW 20 kHz SMA, 50 , ±2 5 V, BW > 20 MHz SMA, 50 , BW > 20 MHz SMA, 1M , 0 ukuya +5 V M8 isidibanisi sebhinqa, ±12 V, 125 mA
All outputs are limited to ±5 V. 50 outputs 50 mA max (125 mW, +21 dBm).
Oomatshini kunye namandla
Igalelo le-IEC
I-110 ukuya kwi-130V kwi-60Hz okanye i-220 ukuya kwi-260V kwi-50Hz
Fuse
5x20mm anti-surge ceramic 230 V/0.25 A okanye 115 V/0.63 A
Imilinganiselo
W×H×D = 250 × 79 × 292 mm
Ubunzima
2 kg
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla
<10 W
Ukulungisa ingxaki
B.1 I-Laser frequency ayiskena
I-MOGlabs DLC ene-piezo yangaphandle yesiginali idinga ukuba isignali yangaphandle kufuneka iwele i-1.25 V. Ukuba uqinisekile ukuba isignali yakho yokulawula yangaphandle iwela i-1.25 V iqinisekisa oku kulandelayo:
· Ubude be-DLC buhamba ngokwewotshi ngokupheleleyo. · FREQUENCY kwi-DLC nguziro (usebenzisa isiboniso se-LCD ukuseta
Ukuphindaphinda). · I-DIP9 (Utshayela lwaNgaphandle) ye-DLC ivuliwe. · I-DIP13 kunye ne-DIP14 ye-DLC zicimile. · Isitshixo sokuguqula isitshixo kwi-DLC simiselwe UKUSKENA. · UKUPHUMA KWE-FSC kuqhagamshelwe kwi-MOD SWEP/PZT
igalelo leDLC. · TSHAYELISA kwi-FSC yi-INT. · Ubude be-FSC buhamba ngokwewotshi ngokupheleleyo. · Qhagamshela i-FSC MONITOR 1 kwi-oscilloscope, seta i-MONI-
I-TOR 1 iqhosha ukuya kwi-RAMP kwaye ulungise FREQ OFFSET de ramp isekelwe kwi-1.25 V.
Ukuba iitshekhi ezingentla aziyicombululanga ingxaki yakho, qhawula i-FSC kwi-DLC kwaye uqinisekise ukuba i-laser scans xa ilawulwa nge-DLC. Qhagamshelana ne-MOGLabs ukuze ufumane uncedo ukuba awuphumelelanga.
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IsiHlomelo B. Ukulungisa iingxaki
B.2 Xa usebenzisa igalelo lokumodareyitha, ukuphuma ngokukhawuleza kudada kwivolthi enkulutage
Xa usebenzisa iMOD IN ukusebenza kweFSC (DIP 4 yenziwe) imveliso ekhawulezayo iyakudada ukuya kwivolthi elungileyo.tage kaloliwe, malunga 4V. Qinisekisa ukuba iMOD IN imfutshane xa ingasetyenziswa.
B.3 Iimpawu ezinkulu zempazamo ezilungileyo
Kwezinye usetyenziso, umqondiso wemposiso oveliswe sisicelo unokuba ulungile ngokungqongqo (okanye ungalunganga) kwaye ube mkhulu. Kulo mzekelo i-REF trimpot kunye ne-ERR OFFSET ayinakubonelela ngotshintsho olwaneleyo lwe-DC ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokutshixa efunwayo ingqamana no-0 V. Kulo mzekelo zombini i-CH A kunye ne-CH B zingasetyenziswa kunye ne-INPUT toggle iseti ku-, CH B iseti kwi-PD kunye ne-DC vol.tage ifakwe kwi-CH B ukuvelisa i-offset efunekayo ukumisa indawo yokutshixa. Njenge example, ukuba umqondiso wempazamo uphakathi kwe-0 V kunye ne-5 V kunye nendawo yokutshixa i-2.5 V, uze udibanise umqondiso wephutha kwi-CH A kwaye usebenzise i-2.5 V ukuya kwi-CH B. Ngokucwangcisa okufanelekileyo umqondiso wephutha uya kuba phakathi -2 5 V ukuya ku-2 5 V.
B.4 Iireyili ezikhawulezayo zokuphuma kwi-± 0.625 V
Kuninzi lwe-MOGLabs ECDLs, i-voltagi-e swing ye-± 0.625 V kwimveliso ekhawulezayo (ehambelana ne-± 0.625 mA efakwe kwi-laser diode) ingaphezulu kunokuba ifunekayo ukutshixa kwi-optical cavity. Kwezinye usetyenziso uluhlu olukhulu kwimveliso ekhawulezayo luyafuneka. Lo mda unokunyuswa ngotshintsho olulula lwe-resistor. Nceda uqhagamshelane ne-MOGLabs ngolwazi oluthe kratya ukuba luyafuneka.
B.5 Ingxelo kufuneka itshintshe uphawu
Ukuba impendulo ekhawulezayo iyatshintsha, kungenxa yokuba i-laser iye yakhukuliseka yaya kwimo yeendlela ezininzi (iimowudi ezimbini zangaphandle ezijikelezayo ngaxeshanye). Lungisa i-laser yangoku ukuze ufumane ukusebenza kwe-singlemode, kunokubuyisela umva i-polarity yengxelo.
B.6 Beka iliso kwiziphumo zophawu olungalunganga
37
B.6 Beka iliso kwiziphumo zophawu olungalunganga
Ngexesha lovavanyo lwefektri, ukukhutshwa kwe-MONITOR knobs nganye kuqinisekisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha izikrufu ezisetiyo ezibambe iqhosha kwindawo zinokuphumla kwaye iqhosha lisenokutyibilika, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iqhosha libonise uphawu olungalunganga. Ukujonga:
· Qhagamshela imveliso ye-monitor kwi-oscilloscope.
· Jika iqhosha le-SPAN ngokupheleleyo ngokwewotshi.
• Jika i-monitor ku-RAMP. Kufuneka ngoku ubukele arampumqondiso we-1 volt; ukuba awukwenzi oko ke indawo yeknobhu ayichanekanga.
· Nokuba ugcina arampUmqondiso wokungenisa, indawo yeqhosha isenokuba ayilunganga, jija iqhosha kwindawo enye ngaphezulu ngokwewotshi.
Kufuneka ngoku ube nomqondiso omncinci kufutshane no-0 V, kwaye mhlawumbi unokubona u-r omncinciamp kwi-oscilloscope ngokolandelelwano lwamashumi e-mV. Lungisa i-BIAS trimpot kwaye kuya kufuneka ubone ampulwazi lwale ramp utshintsho.
· Ukuba isignali kwi-oscilloscope iyatshintsha njengoko ulungisa i-BIAS trimpot yakho iknobhu ye-MONITOR ichanekile; ukuba akunjalo, ngoko ke indawo ye-knob ye-monitor ifuna ukulungiswa.
Ukulungisa indawo ye-knob ye-MONITOR, iimpawu zemveliso kufuneka zichongwe kuqala kusetyenziswa inkqubo efanayo ukuya phezulu, kwaye indawo ye-knob inokujikelezwa ngokukhulula izikrufu ezimbini ezibambe iqhosha endaweni, ngesitshixo se-allen esiyi-1.5 mm okanye umqhubi webhola.
B.7 ILaser ingena kwimowudi ecothayo
Imowudi ecothayo ihops inokubangelwa yingxelo ye-optical evela kwizinto zamehlo phakathi kwelaser kunye nomngxuma, kwi-exampi-fiber couplers, okanye ukusuka kwi-optical cavity ngokwayo. Iimpawu ziquka rhoqo
38
IsiHlomelo B. Ukulungisa iingxaki
ukutsiba kwelaser ebalekayo simahla kumaxesha acothayo, ngomyalelo we-30 s apho i-laser frequency itsiba nge-10 ukuya kwi-100 MHz. Qinisekisa ukuba i-laser ine-optical isolation eyaneleyo, ukufaka enye i-isolator ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye uvimbele naziphi na iindlela ze-beam ezingasetyenziswanga.
C. PCB uyilo
C39
C59
I-R30
C76
C116
C166
C3
C2
P1
P2
C1
C9
C7
C6
C4
C5
P3
R1 C8 C10
R2
I-R338 D1
C378
I-R24
I-R337
I-R27
C15
R7
I-R28
R8
I-R66 R34
I-R340 C379
I-R33
I-R10
D4
R11 C60 R35
I-R342
I-R37
I-R343 D6
C380
R3 C16 R12
R4
C366 R58 R59 C31 R336
P4
I-R5 D8
C365 R347 R345
I-R49
I-R77 R40
I-R50 D3
C368 R344 R346
I-R75
C29 R15 R38 R47 R48
C62 R36 R46 C28
C11 C26
I-R339
I-R31 C23
C25
C54 C22 C24 R9
I-R74 C57
C33
C66 C40
U13
U3
U9
U10
U14
U4
U5
U6
U15
R80 R70 C27
C55 R42
C65 R32
I-R29 R65
R57 R78 R69
I-R71 R72
I-R79 R84
C67
I-R73
C68
C56
I-R76
I-R333
C42 C69
C367 R6
I-R334 C369
C13
I-R335
C43 C372 R14 R13
C373 C17
U1
R60 R17 R329
U16
I-R81 R82
C35
C362 R85 R331 C44 R87
C70
U25 C124
I-R180 C131
C140 R145
U42
R197 R184 C186 C185
MH2
C165 C194 C167 R186 R187 C183 C195 R200
C126 R325 R324
R168 C162 C184
C157 R148 R147
C163 C168
C158 R170
R95 C85 R166 R99 C84
C86
C75 R97 R96 C87
I-R83 C83
U26
U27 C92
R100 R101 R102 R106
I-R104 R105
C88 R98 R86
R341 C95 R107 C94
U38
C90 R109
R103 U28
C128 C89
C141
I-R140 R143
I-R108
U48
I-R146 C127
I-R185
U50 R326
U49
I-R332
I-R201
I-R191
I-R199 C202
I-R198 R190
C216
P8
U57
C221
C234
C222 R210 C217
C169 R192 R202
I-R195 C170
I-R171
U51
I-R203
I-R211
U58
C257
R213 C223 R212
R214 C203 C204 C205
C172 R194 C199
R327 C171 C160 R188 R172 R173
C93 R111 C96 C102 R144 R117
I-R110 R112
C98 C91
I-R115 R114
U31
C101
FB1
C148
FB2
C159
C109 C129
C149
C130
U29
C138
U32
C150
C112 R113
C100
C105 C99 C103 C152 C110
U33
C104 C111 C153
C133
I-R118 R124
I-R119 R122
I-R123
U34 R130 R120 R121
C161
C134
R169 U43
C132
C182 R157 C197
C189 R155 C201
C181 R156
C173
U56
C198 R193
C206
I-R189
C174
C196
U52
R196 R154 R151 R152 R153
R204 C187 C176 C179
U53
C180 C188 C190
C178
C200
C207
U54
C209
U55 C191
C192
C208 R205
U62 C210
I-R217 C177
C227 C241 C243 C242 R221
I-R223 C263
C232
C231
C225
U59
C226
C259
C237
C238
C240 C239
I-R206
U60
C261
R207 C260 R215
I-R218
I-R216
U61 C262
U66 R219
U68 R222
U67 R220
C258 C235 C236
C273
SW1
I-R225 R224
C266
C265
I-R228
U69
C269
I-R231 R229
U70
C270
U71
I-R234
C272
I-R226
U72
C71
C36
I-R16 R18
C14
C114
I-R131
C115
C58 R93
C46
C371
C370
I-R43 C45
I-R44
U11
I-R330 R92
R90 R89 R88 R91
I-R20
U7
I-R19
I-R39 C34
C72
I-R61
C73
C19
I-R45 C47
C41 C78
P5
I-R23
U8
I-R22
C375
C374 R41 R21
C37
C38
C30
C20
R52 C48 R51
C49
U2
C50
U17
U18
R55 R53 R62 R54
C63
R63 C52 R26
U12 R25
P6
C377 C376
R64 R56 C51
MH1
C53
C79
C74
C18
C113 R174 R175 R176 R177
C120
I-R128
I-R126 C106
I-R127 R125
U35 R132 U39
R141 C117 R129 R158
I-R142
C136 R134 R133 R138 R137
C135
C139 R161 R162 R163
C118
C119 R159
C121
U41 C137
I-R160 C147
C164
U40 C146
C193
I-R164 C123
C122
I-R139 R165
U44
C107
U45
C142
C144 R135 C145
I-R182
I-R178 R167
I-R181
RT1
C155 R149
C21 C12
U47
U46
U30 C108
U21 C77 U23 C82
U24 C64 U22 C81
U19 C61
R68 R67 U20 C32
P7
C97 R116
C80 R94
U36 C143
C151
I-R179
I-R150 C156
I-R183
I-R136 C154
C175
C252
C220
C228 C229 C230
U63
C248
C247
C211
C212 C213 C214
U64
C251
C250
C215
C219
R208 R209 C224
C218 C253
U65
C256
C255 C254
C249 C233
C246 C245
C274
C244
C264
C268 R230
C276
C271
C267
C275
R238 R237 R236 R235 R240 R239
I-R328
I-REF1 R257
C285 R246
C286 C284
I-R242
U73
I-R247
C281 R243
C280
U74
C287
I-R248
C289 R251 R252
R233 R227 R232
C282 R244 R245
U75
I-R269
C288 R250 R249
I-R253 R255
C290
I-R241
I-R254
U76
I-R272
C291
I-R256
U77
C294 C296
C283
C277
MH5
C292
C293
C279 C278
U37 C125
MH3
C295
C307 R265
Q1
C309
C303 R267 R268
C305
C301
MH6
I-R282
C312
R274 R283 R284
C322
C298
C300
R264 C297 R262
U78
I-R273 C311
C299
I-R263
C302
R261 R258 R259 R260
U79
C306
U80
C315
C313
I-R266
U81
R278 R275 R276
C304
I-R277
C316
I-R271 C308
I-R270
U82
C314
C318
U83
R280 R279 C321
C310
U84
I-R285 C317
C320
I-R281
C319
I-R290 R291
D11
D12
D13
D14
I-R287 R286
SW2
I-R297 R296
I-R289 R288
C334 C328 C364
I-R299 C330
I-R293 R292
C324
C331
I-R300
I-R298 C329
C333 C332
U85
C335
C323
C325
D15
I-R303
D16
C336
R301 R302 C342 C341
C337
U86
C343
C339
C346
I-R310 R307
I-R309
I-R308
MH8
C347 R305 R306
I-R315
I-R321
C345
P10
C344 C348
MH9
C349 R318 C350 R319 R317 R316
C352
P11
C351
C354
U87
MH10
C353
U88
C338
C340
I-R294
C363
MH4 P9
XF1
C358
I-R295
C326
C327
D17
I-R304
D18
U89
C355 C356
U91
U90
C361 R323
C357
C359
P12
C360
MH7
R313 R314 R320 R311 R312 R322
39
40
Isihlomelo C. Uyilo lwePCB
D. 115/230 V ukuguqulwa
D.1 Fuse
I-fuse yi-ceramic antisurge, 0.25A (230V) okanye 0.63A (115V), 5x20mm, kwi-example Littlefuse 0215.250MXP okanye 0215.630MXP. Isibambi se-fuse yikhatriji ebomvu ngasentla nje kwe-IEC yokungenisa amandla kunye nokutshintsha okuphambili ngasemva kweyunithi (Umfanekiso D.1).
Umzobo D.1: Icatridge yeFuse, ebonisa ukubekwa kwefuse ukusebenza kwi-230 V.
D.2 120/240 V ukuguqulwa
Umlawuli unokunikwa amandla kwi-AC kwi-50 ukuya kwi-60 Hz, i-110 ukuya kwi-120 V (i-100 V eJapan), okanye i-220 ukuya kwi-240 V. Ukuguqula phakathi kwe-115 V kunye ne-230 V, i-cartridge ye-fuse kufuneka isuswe, kwaye iphinde ifakwe ukuze i-voltage echanekileyo.tage ubonisa ngefestile yesigqubuthelo kunye nefuse echanekileyo (njengangasentla) ifakiwe.
41
42
Isihlomelo D. 115/230 V ukuguqulwa
Umzobo D.2: Ukutshintsha i-fuse okanye i-voltage, vula isigqubuthelo sekhatriji yefuse ngesikrudrayiva esifakwe kwisithuba esincinci kumphetho wasekhohlo wekhatriji, ngasekhohlo kwevolthi ebomvu.tagIsalathisi.
Xa ususa i-catridge ye-fuse, faka i-screwdriver kwi-recess ngakwesobunxele kwekhatriji; musa ukuzama ukukhupha usebenzisa i-screwdriver emacaleni e-fuseholder (jonga amanani).
AKULUNGILEYO!
LUNGILE
Umzobo D.3: Ukukhupha i-fuse cartridge, faka isikrudrayiva kwindawo yokuphumla ngasekhohlo kwekhatriji.
Xa utshintsha ivoltage, i-fuse kunye nekliphu yokuqhawula kufuneka itshintshwe ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye, ukwenzela ukuba ikliphu yokuqhawula iqhosha lihlala lisezantsi kwaye i-fuse ihlale iphezulu; bona amanani angezantsi.
D.2 120/240 V ukuguqulwa
43
Umzobo D.4: 230 V ibhuloho (ngasekhohlo) kunye ne-fuse (ekunene). Tshintsha ibhulorho kunye nefuse xa utshintsha ivolthitage, ukwenzela ukuba ifyuzi ihlale iphezulu xa ifakiwe.
Umzobo D.5: 115 V ibhuloho (ngasekhohlo) kunye ne-fuse (ekunene).
44
Isihlomelo D. 115/230 V ukuguqulwa
Uluhlu lweencwadi
[1] U-Alex Abramovici kunye noJake Chapsky. IiNkqubo zoLawulo lweeNgxelo: IsiKhokelo soMzila oKhawuleza kwiiNzululwazi kunye neeNjineli. INzululwazi yeSpringer & Business Media, 2012. 1
[2] Boris Lurie kunye noPaul Enright. Ulawulo lweeNgxelo zeClassical: NgeMATLAB® kunye neSimulink®. CRC Press, 2011. 1
[3] URichard W. Fox, uChris W. Oates, kunye noLeo W. Hollberg. Ukuzinzisa iilaser zediode kwimingxuma ephezulu. Iindlela zovavanyo kwinzululwazi yendalo, 40:1, 46. 2003
[4] RWP Drever, JL Hall, FV Kowalski, J. Hough, GM Ford, AJ Munley, kunye noH. Ward. Isigaba seLaser kunye nokuzinzisa rhoqo usebenzisa i-resonator optical. Appl. I-Phys. B, 31:97 105, 1983. 1
[5] TW Ha¨nsch kunye noB. Couillaud. Ukuzinziswa kwamaza eLaser ngepolarization spectroscopy yomqolo obonisayo. Unxibelelwano lwe-Optics, 35(3):441, 444. 1980
[6] M. Zhu kunye JL Hall. Ukuzinziswa kwesigaba se-optical / i-frequency ye-laser system: isicelo kwi-laser yedayi yorhwebo kunye ne-stabilizer yangaphandle. J. Khetha. Soc. Am. B, 10:802, 1993. 1
[7] GC Bjorklund. I-spectroscopy yokumodareyitha rhoqo: indlela entsha yokulinganisa ukufunxa okubuthathaka kunye nokusasazeka. Khetha. Lett., 5:15, 1980. 1
[8] UJoshua S Torrance, uBen M Sparkes, uLincoln D Turner, kunye noRobert E Scholten. I-Sub-kilohertz i-laser yokucutha ububanzi bomgca womgca usebenzisa i-polarization spectroscopy. Optics express, 24(11):11396 11406, 2016. 1
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[10] W. Demtr¨oder. I-Laser Spectroscopy, Iingcamango eziSisiseko kunye neSixhobo. Springer, Berlin, uhlelo lwe-2, 1996. 1
[11] LD Turner, KP Weber, CJ Hawthorn, kunye RE Scholten. Ukubonakaliswa kwengxolo ephindaphindiweyo yomgca omxinwa kunye ne-laser diode. Khetha. Unxibelelwano, 201:391, 2002. 29
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