MICROCHIP AN2648 Yiyan ati Idanwo 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators fun AVR Microcontrollers
Ọrọ Iṣaaju
Awọn onkọwe: Torbjørn Kjørlaug ati Amund Aune, Microchip Technology Inc.
Akọsilẹ ohun elo yii ṣe akopọ awọn ipilẹ kristali, awọn ero ipilẹ PCB, ati bii o ṣe le ṣe idanwo kirisita kan ninu ohun elo rẹ. Itọsọna yiyan gara fihan awọn kirisita ti a ṣeduro ti a ṣe idanwo nipasẹ awọn amoye ati rii pe o dara fun ọpọlọpọ awọn modulu oscillator ni oriṣiriṣi awọn idile Microchip AVR®. Famuwia idanwo ati awọn ijabọ idanwo lati oriṣiriṣi awọn olutaja gara wa pẹlu.
Awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ
- Crystal Oscillator Awọn ipilẹ
- PCB Design ero
- Idanwo Crystal Lola
- Idanwo Firmware To wa
- Crystal iṣeduro Itọsọna
Crystal Oscillator Awọn ipilẹ
Ọrọ Iṣaaju
Oscillator kirisita kan nlo resonance ẹrọ ti ohun elo piezoelectric titaniji lati ṣe ina ifihan aago iduroṣinṣin pupọ. Awọn igbohunsafẹfẹ nigbagbogbo lo lati pese ifihan agbara aago iduroṣinṣin tabi tọju abala akoko; nibi, gara oscillators ti wa ni o gbajumo ni lilo ni Redio Igbohunsafẹfẹ (RF) ohun elo ati akoko-kókó oni iyika.
Kirisita wa o si wa lati orisirisi olùtajà ni orisirisi awọn ni nitobi ati titobi ati ki o le yatọ o ni opolopo ninu išẹ ati ni pato. Lílóye awọn paramita ati iyika oscillator jẹ pataki fun iduroṣinṣin ohun elo to lagbara lori awọn iyatọ ninu iwọn otutu, ọriniinitutu, ipese agbara, ati ilana.
Gbogbo awọn ohun ti ara ni igbohunsafẹfẹ adayeba ti gbigbọn, nibiti a ti pinnu igbohunsafẹfẹ gbigbọn nipasẹ apẹrẹ rẹ, iwọn, rirọ, ati iyara ohun ninu ohun elo naa. Awọn ohun elo Piezoelectric daru nigbati a ba lo aaye ina ati pe o ṣe ina aaye ina nigbati o ba pada si apẹrẹ atilẹba rẹ. Ohun elo piezoelectric ti o wọpọ julọ ti a lo
ninu awọn iyika itanna jẹ kristali quartz, ṣugbọn awọn atuntẹ seramiki tun lo – ni gbogbogbo ni iye owo kekere tabi kere si awọn ohun elo to ṣe pataki akoko. 32.768 kHz kirisita ti wa ni maa ge ni awọn apẹrẹ ti a tuning orita. Pẹlu awọn kirisita quartz, awọn igbohunsafẹfẹ kongẹ le ti fi idi mulẹ.
olusin 1-1. Apẹrẹ ti 32.768 kHz Tuning Fork Crystal
The Oscillator
Awọn ipinnu iduroṣinṣin Barkhausen jẹ awọn ipo meji ti a lo lati pinnu nigbati Circuit itanna yoo ṣe oscillate. Wọn sọ pe ti A ba jẹ ere ti ampohun elo imudara ninu Circuit itanna ati β (jω) jẹ iṣẹ gbigbe ti ọna esi, awọn oscillations ipo iduro yoo wa ni idaduro nikan ni awọn loorekoore fun eyiti:
- Ere lupu dọgba si isokan ni titobi pipe, |βA| = 1
- Yiyi alakoso ni ayika lupu jẹ odo tabi odidi odidi ti 2π, ie, ∠βA = 2πn fun n ∈ 0, 1, 2, 3…
Ipilẹ akọkọ yoo rii daju pe igbagbogbo amplitude ifihan agbara. Nọmba ti o kere ju 1 yoo dinku ifihan agbara, ati nọmba ti o tobi ju 1 yoo ampmu ifihan agbara si ailopin. Iwọn keji yoo rii daju igbohunsafẹfẹ iduroṣinṣin. Fun awọn iye iṣipopada alakoso miiran, iṣelọpọ igbi ese yoo paarẹ nitori lupu esi.
olusin 1-2. Loop esi
Oscillator 32.768 kHz ni Microchip AVR microcontrollers jẹ afihan ni Nọmba 1-3 ati pe o ni iyipada
amplifier (ti abẹnu) ati kirisita kan (ita). Capacitors (CL1 ati CL2) ṣe aṣoju agbara parasitic inu. Diẹ ninu awọn ẹrọ AVR tun ni awọn capacitors fifuye ti inu ti o yan, eyiti o le ṣee lo lati dinku iwulo fun awọn agbara fifuye ita, da lori gara ti a lo.
Awọn inverting amplifier n funni ni iyipada alakoso π redio (iwọn 180). Iyipada alakoso π radian ti o ku jẹ ti pese nipasẹ kristali ati fifuye agbara ni 32.768 kHz, nfa iyipada alakoso lapapọ ti 2π radian. Nigba ibere-soke, awọn ampIṣẹjade lifier yoo pọ si titi ti oscillation ti o duro dada ti fi idi mulẹ pẹlu ere lupu ti 1, nfa awọn ibeere Barkhausen lati ṣẹ. Eyi ni iṣakoso laifọwọyi nipasẹ ẹrọ iyika oscillator AVR microcontroller.
olusin 1-3. Pierce Crystal Oscillator Circuit ni Awọn ẹrọ AVR® (irọrun)
Awoṣe Itanna
Awọn deede ina Circuit ti a gara ti han ni Figure 1-4. Nẹtiwọọki RLC jara ni a pe ni apa iṣipopada ati fun apejuwe itanna ti ihuwasi ẹrọ ti gara, nibiti C1 ṣe aṣoju rirọ ti quartz, L1 duro fun ibi-gbigbọn, ati R1 duro fun awọn adanu nitori damping. C0 ni a pe ni shunt tabi agbara aimi ati pe o jẹ apao agbara agbara parasitic itanna nitori ile gara ati awọn amọna. Ti a
mita capacitance ni a lo lati wiwọn capacitance gara, C0 nikan ni ao wọn (C1 kii yoo ni ipa).
olusin 1-4. Crystal Oscillator deede Circuit
Nipa lilo iyipada Laplace, awọn igbohunsafẹfẹ resonant meji ni a le rii ni nẹtiwọọki yii. Awọn jara resonant
igbohunsafẹfẹ, fs, da lori C1 ati L1 nikan. Ijọra tabi ilodi-resonant igbohunsafẹfẹ, fp, tun pẹlu C0. Wo olusin 1-5 fun ifaseyin vs.
Idogba 1-1. Jara Resonant Igbohunsafẹfẹ
Idogba 1-2. Ni afiwe Resonant Igbohunsafẹfẹ
olusin 1-5. Crystal Reactance Abuda
Awọn kirisita ti o wa ni isalẹ 30 MHz le ṣiṣẹ ni igbohunsafẹfẹ eyikeyi laarin jara ati awọn igbohunsafẹfẹ resonant ni afiwe, eyiti o tumọ si pe wọn jẹ inductive ninu iṣiṣẹ. Awọn kirisita igbohunsafẹfẹ giga ju 30 MHz ni a maa n ṣiṣẹ nigbagbogbo ni awọn igbohunsafẹfẹ resonant jara tabi awọn igbohunsafẹfẹ overtone, eyiti o waye ni awọn ọpọ ti igbohunsafẹfẹ ipilẹ. Fifi fifuye capacitive kan, CL, si gara yoo fa iyipada ni igbohunsafẹfẹ ti a fun nipasẹ Idogba 1-3. Igbohunsafẹfẹ gara le ti wa ni aifwy nipa orisirisi awọn fifuye capacitance, ati yi ni a npe ni igbohunsafẹfẹ nfa.
Idogba 1-3. Yi lọ yi bọ Parallel Resonant Igbohunsafẹfẹ
Idapọ jara ti o dọgba (ESR)
Awọn deede jara resistance (ESR) jẹ ẹya itanna oniduro ti awọn adanu darí gara. Ni jara
resonant igbohunsafẹfẹ, fs, o jẹ dogba si R1 ni itanna awoṣe. ESR jẹ paramita pataki ati pe o le rii ninu iwe data gara. ESR nigbagbogbo yoo dale lori iwọn ti ara gara, nibiti awọn kirisita ti o kere ju
(paapaa awọn kirisita SMD) ni igbagbogbo ni awọn adanu ti o ga julọ ati awọn iye ESR ju awọn kirisita nla lọ.
Awọn iye ESR ti o ga julọ fi ẹru ti o ga julọ sori iyipada amplifier. ESR ti o ga ju le fa iṣẹ oscillator riru. Ere isokan le, ni iru awọn ọran, ko ṣee ṣe, ati pe ami iyasọtọ Barkhausen le ma ṣẹ.
Q-ifosiwewe ati Iduroṣinṣin
Iduroṣinṣin igbohunsafẹfẹ ti gara ni a fun nipasẹ Q-ifosiwewe. Q-ifosiwewe ni ipin laarin awọn agbara ti o ti fipamọ ni awọn gara ati awọn apao ti gbogbo agbara adanu. Ni deede, awọn kirisita quartz ni Q ni iwọn 10,000 si 100,000, ni akawe si boya 100 fun oscillator LC kan. Seramiki resonators ni kekere Q ju quartz kirisita ati ki o wa siwaju sii kókó si awọn ayipada ninu capacitive fifuye.
Idogba 1-4. Q-ifosiwewe
Ọpọlọpọ awọn ifosiwewe le ni ipa lori iduroṣinṣin igbohunsafẹfẹ: Aapọn ẹrọ ti o fa nipasẹ iṣagbesori, mọnamọna tabi aapọn gbigbọn, awọn iyatọ ninu ipese agbara, impedance fifuye, iwọn otutu, oofa ati awọn aaye ina, ati ogbo gara. Awọn olutaja Crystal nigbagbogbo ṣe atokọ iru awọn ayewọn ninu awọn iwe data wọn.
Akoko Ibẹrẹ
Nigba ibere-soke, awọn inverting ampitanna amplifies ariwo. Kirisita naa yoo ṣiṣẹ bi àlẹmọ bandpass ati ifunni pada nikan paati igbohunsafẹfẹ resonance gara, eyiti o jẹ lẹhinna amplified. Ṣaaju ṣiṣe iyọrisi ipo oscillation ti o duro, ere lupu ti gara/iyipada amplifier lupu tobi ju 1 ati ifihan agbara amplitude yoo pọ si. Ni oscillation ti ipo iduro, ere lupu yoo mu awọn ibeere Barkhausen mu pẹlu ere lupu ti 1, ati igbagbogbo. amplitude.
Awọn okunfa ti o kan akoko ibẹrẹ:
- Awọn kirisita giga-ESR yoo bẹrẹ diẹ sii laiyara ju awọn kirisita ESR kekere
- Awọn kirisita Q-ifosiwewe giga yoo bẹrẹ diẹ sii laiyara ju awọn kirisita ifosiwewe Q kekere
- Agbara fifuye giga yoo mu akoko ibẹrẹ pọ si
- Oscillator ampAwọn agbara wakọ lifier (wo awọn alaye diẹ sii lori igbanilaaye oscillator ni Abala 3.2, Idanwo Resistance Negetifu ati ifosiwewe Aabo)
Ni afikun, igbohunsafẹfẹ gara yoo ni ipa lori akoko ibẹrẹ (awọn kirisita yiyara yoo bẹrẹ ni iyara), ṣugbọn paramita yii wa titi fun awọn kirisita 32.768 kHz.
olusin 1-6. Bẹrẹ-Up ti a Crystal oscillator
Ifarada iwọn otutu
Awọn kirisita yiyi ti o wọpọ ni a maa n ge si aarin ipo igbohunsafẹfẹ ni 25°C. Loke ati ni isalẹ 25°C, igbohunsafẹfẹ yoo dinku pẹlu abuda parabolic, bi o ṣe han ni Nọmba 1-7. Iyipada igbohunsafẹfẹ ni a fun nipasẹ
Idogba 1-5, nibiti f0 jẹ igbohunsafẹfẹ ibi-afẹde ni T0 (ni deede 32.768 kHz ni 25°C) ati B jẹ olusọdipúpọ iwọn otutu ti a fun nipasẹ iwe data gara (eyiti o jẹ nọmba odi).
Idogba 1-5. Ipa ti Iyatọ iwọn otutu
olusin 1-7. Aṣoju iwọn otutu vs. Igbohunsafẹfẹ abuda ti a Crystal
Wakọ Agbara
Agbara ti Circuit awakọ kirisita pinnu awọn abuda kan ti iṣelọpọ igbi ese ti oscillator gara. Igbi ese jẹ titẹ sii taara sinu PIN titẹ sii aago oni-nọmba ti microcontroller. Igbi ese yii gbọdọ ni irọrun fa iwọn titẹ sii ti o kere ju ati vol ti o pọjutage awọn ipele ti awọn garawa awakọ ká input pin nigba ti ko ba wa ni clipped, flattened tabi daru ni awọn oke. Igbi ese kekere ju amplitude fihan pe fifuye Circuit gara ti wuwo pupọ fun awakọ, ti o yori si ikuna oscillation ti o pọju tabi kikọ sii igbohunsafẹfẹ aṣiṣe. O ga ju ampLitude tumọ si pe ere lupu ga ju ati pe o le ja si fo gara si ipele ti irẹpọ ti o ga julọ tabi ibajẹ ayeraye si gara.
Ṣe ipinnu awọn abuda abajade ti kristali nipasẹ ṣiṣe ayẹwo XTAL1/TOSC1 pin voltage. Ṣe akiyesi pe iwadii kan ti o sopọ si XTAL1/TOSC1 yori si agbara parasitic ti a ṣafikun, eyiti o gbọdọ ṣe iṣiro fun.
Ere lupu naa ni ipa odi nipasẹ iwọn otutu ati daadaa nipasẹ voltage (VDD). Iyẹn tumọ si pe awọn abuda awakọ gbọdọ jẹ iwọn ni iwọn otutu ti o ga julọ ati VDD ti o kere julọ, ati iwọn otutu ti o kere julọ ati VDD ti o ga julọ nibiti ohun elo naa ti sọ lati ṣiṣẹ.
Yan kirisita kan pẹlu ESR kekere tabi fifuye capacitive ti ere lupu ba kere ju. Ti o ba ti lupu ere ga ju, a jara resistor, RS, le wa ni afikun si awọn Circuit lati attenuate awọn o wu ifihan agbara. Awọn nọmba rẹ ni isalẹ fihan ohun Mofiample ti iyika awakọ kirisita ti o rọrun pẹlu olutọpa jara ti a ṣafikun (RS) ni abajade ti pin XTAL2/TOSC2.
olusin 1-8. Crystal Driver pẹlu Fikun Series Resistor
PCB Layout ati Design ero
Paapaa awọn iyika oscillator ti o dara julọ ati awọn kirisita ti o ga julọ kii yoo ṣe daradara ti ko ba farabalẹ ni akiyesi awọn ifilelẹ ati awọn ohun elo ti a lo lakoko apejọ. Ultra-kekere agbara 32.768 kHz oscillators ojo melo dissipate significantly ni isalẹ 1 μW, ki awọn ti isiyi sisan ninu awọn Circuit jẹ lalailopinpin kekere. Ni afikun, igbohunsafẹfẹ kirisita jẹ igbẹkẹle pupọ lori fifuye capacitive.
Lati rii daju agbara ti oscillator, awọn itọnisọna wọnyi ni a ṣe iṣeduro lakoko iṣeto PCB:
- Awọn laini ifihan agbara lati XTAL1/TOSC1 ati XTAL2/TOSC2 si kristali gbọdọ jẹ kukuru bi o ti ṣee ṣe lati dinku agbara parasitic ati alekun ariwo ati ajesara crosstalk. Ma ṣe lo awọn iho.
- Dabobo okuta momọ gara ati awọn laini ifihan nipasẹ yiyi kakiri rẹ pẹlu ọkọ ofurufu ilẹ ati oruka ẹṣọ
- Maṣe da awọn laini oni nọmba, paapaa awọn laini aago, sunmọ awọn laini gara. Fun awọn igbimọ PCB multilayer, yago fun awọn ifihan agbara ipa-ọna ni isalẹ awọn laini gara.
- Lo PCB didara to gaju ati awọn ohun elo titaja
- Eruku ati ọriniinitutu yoo ṣe alekun agbara parasitic ati dinku ipinya ifihan agbara, nitorinaa a ṣe iṣeduro ibora aabo
Igbeyewo Crystal oscillation Agbara
Ọrọ Iṣaaju
Awakọ oscillator crystal oscillator 32.768 kHz AVR jẹ iṣapeye fun agbara kekere, ati nitorinaa
agbara iwakọ gara ni opin. Ikojọpọ awakọ kirisita le fa ki oscillator ma bẹrẹ, tabi o le
ni fowo (duro fun igba diẹ, fun example) nitori ariwo ariwo tabi alekun agbara agbara ti o fa nipasẹ ibajẹ tabi isunmọ ti ọwọ.
Ṣọra nigbati o ba yan ati idanwo kirisita lati rii daju pe agbara to dara ninu ohun elo rẹ. Awọn aye pataki meji ti gara julọ jẹ Resistance Series Resistance (ESR) ati Agbara Fifuye (CL).
Nigbati o ba ṣe iwọn awọn kirisita, gara gbọdọ wa ni isunmọ bi o ti ṣee ṣe si awọn pinni oscillator 32.768 kHz lati dinku agbara parasitic. Ni gbogbogbo, a ṣeduro nigbagbogbo ṣe wiwọn ninu ohun elo ikẹhin rẹ. Afọwọkọ PCB aṣa ti o ni o kere ju microcontroller ati Circuit gara le tun pese awọn abajade idanwo deede. Fun idanwo akọkọ ti kristali, lilo idagbasoke tabi ohun elo ibẹrẹ (fun apẹẹrẹ, STK600) le to.
A ko ṣeduro sisopọ mọra si awọn akọle iṣelọpọ XTAL/TOSC ni opin STK600, bi a ṣe han ni Nọmba 3-1, nitori ọna ifihan yoo jẹ ifarabalẹ pupọ si ariwo ati nitorinaa ṣafikun fifuye capacitive afikun. Soldering gara taara si awọn itọsọna, sibẹsibẹ, yoo fun awọn esi to dara. Lati yago fun afikun fifuye capacitive lati iho ati ipa ọna lori STK600, a ṣeduro atunse XTAL/TOSC nyorisi si oke, bi o ṣe han ni Nọmba 3-2 ati Nọmba 3-3, nitorinaa wọn ko fi ọwọ kan iho naa. Awọn kirisita pẹlu awọn itọsọna (ti a fi iho) rọrun lati mu, ṣugbọn o tun ṣee ṣe lati ta SMD taara si awọn itọsọna XTAL/TOSC nipa lilo awọn amugbooro pin, bi a ṣe han ni Nọmba 3-4. Soldering kirisita to jo pẹlu dín pin ipolowo jẹ tun ṣee ṣe, bi o han ni Figure 3-5, sugbon jẹ a bit trickier ati ki o nbeere a duro ọwọ.
olusin 3-1. STK600 Igbeyewo Oṣo
Bii fifuye agbara yoo ni ipa pataki lori oscillator, iwọ ko gbọdọ ṣe iwadii gara taara ayafi ti o ba ni ohun elo didara ti a pinnu fun awọn wiwọn gara. Awọn iwadii oscilloscope 10X boṣewa fa ikojọpọ ti 10-15 pF ati pe yoo ni ipa giga lori awọn wiwọn. Fọwọkan awọn pinni ti gara pẹlu ika tabi iwadii 10X le to lati bẹrẹ tabi da awọn oscillation duro tabi fun awọn abajade eke. Famuwia fun jijade ifihan aago si pin I/O boṣewa ni a pese papọ pẹlu akọsilẹ ohun elo yii. Ko dabi awọn pinni igbewọle XTAL/TOSC, awọn pinni I/O ti tunto bi awọn abajade ti a fi silẹ ni a le ṣe iwadii pẹlu awọn iwadii oscilloscope 10X boṣewa laisi ni ipa awọn iwọn. Awọn alaye diẹ sii ni a le rii ni Abala 4, Famuwia Idanwo.
olusin 3-2. Crystal Soldered Taara si Bent XTAL/TOSC Awọn itọsọna
olusin 3-3. Crystal Soldered ni STK600 Socket
olusin 3-4. SMD Crystal Soldered Taara si MCU Lilo Pin Awọn amugbooro
olusin 3-5. Ti ṣe tita Crystal si 100-Pin TQFP Package pẹlu Pitch PIN dín
Idanwo Resistance odi ati Aabo ifosiwewe
Idanwo resistance odi wa ala laarin gara ampfifuye lifier ti a lo ninu ohun elo rẹ ati fifuye ti o pọju. Ni max fifuye, awọn amplifier yoo choke, ati awọn oscillation yoo da. Aaye yii ni a pe ni iyọọda oscillator (OA). Wa awọn oscillator alawansi nipa igba die fifi a ayípadà jara resistor laarin awọn amplifier o wu (XTAL2/TOSC2) asiwaju ati gara, bi o han ni Figure 3-6. Pọ resistor jara titi ti gara ma duro oscillating. Ifunni oscillator yoo jẹ apao ti resistance jara yii, RMAX, ati ESR. Lilo potentiometer pẹlu iwọn ti o kere ju ESR <RPOT <5 ESR ni a gbaniyanju.
Wiwa iye RMAX ti o pe le jẹ ẹtan diẹ nitori ko si aaye iyọọda oscillator gangan ti o wa. Ṣaaju ki oscillator duro, o le ṣe akiyesi idinku igbohunsafẹfẹ mimu, ati pe hysteresis iduro-ibẹrẹ le tun wa. Lẹhin ti oscillator duro, iwọ yoo nilo lati dinku iye RMAX nipasẹ 10-50 kΩ ṣaaju ki awọn oscillators bẹrẹ. Gigun kẹkẹ agbara gbọdọ ṣee ṣe ni igba kọọkan lẹhin ti oluyipada alayipada ti pọ si. RMAX yoo jẹ iye resistor nibiti oscillator ko bẹrẹ lẹhin gigun kẹkẹ agbara kan. Ṣe akiyesi pe awọn akoko ibẹrẹ yoo pẹ pupọ ni aaye igbanilaaye oscillator, nitorinaa jẹ suuru.
Idogba 3-1. Alawansi Oscillator
OA = RMAX + ESR
olusin 3-6. Idiwon Oscillator Allowance/RMAX
Lilo potentiometer ti o ni agbara giga pẹlu agbara parasitic kekere ni a gbaniyanju (fun apẹẹrẹ, SMD potentiometer ti o dara fun RF) lati mu awọn abajade to peye julọ. Sibẹsibẹ, ti o ba le ṣaṣeyọri iyọọda oscillator to dara / RMAX pẹlu potentiometer olowo poku, iwọ yoo wa ni ailewu.
Nigbati wiwa awọn ti o pọju jara resistance, o le ri aabo ifosiwewe lati idogba 3-2. Orisirisi MCU ati awọn olutaja gara ṣiṣẹ pẹlu awọn iṣeduro ifosiwewe ailewu oriṣiriṣi. Ohun elo aabo ṣe afikun ala kan fun eyikeyi awọn ipa odi ti awọn oniyipada oriṣiriṣi bii oscillator amplifier ere, iyipada nitori ipese agbara ati awọn iyatọ iwọn otutu, awọn iyatọ ilana, ati agbara fifuye. Oscillator 32.768 kHz amplifier on AVR microcontrollers ni otutu ati agbara san. Nitorinaa nipa nini awọn oniyipada wọnyi diẹ sii tabi kere si igbagbogbo, a le dinku awọn ibeere fun ifosiwewe aabo ni akawe si awọn aṣelọpọ MCU/IC miiran. Awọn iṣeduro ifosiwewe aabo ni a ṣe akojọ ni Table 3-1.
Idogba 3-2. Aabo ifosiwewe
olusin 3-7. Jara Potentiometer Laarin XTAL2/TOSC2 Pin ati Crystal
olusin 3-8. Idanwo alawansi ni Socket
Table 3-1. Aabo ifosiwewe Awọn iṣeduro
| Otito Abo | Iṣeduro |
| >5 | O tayọ |
| 4 | O dara pupọ |
| 3 | O dara |
| <3 | Ko ṣe iṣeduro |
Idiwọn Agbara Fifuye to munadoko
Igbohunsafẹfẹ gara jẹ igbẹkẹle lori fifuye capacitive ti a lo, bi a ṣe han nipasẹ Idogba 1-2. Lilo fifuye capacitive ti a sọ pato ninu iwe data gara yoo pese igbohunsafẹfẹ pupọ ti o sunmọ ipo igbohunsafẹfẹ ti 32.768 kHz. Ti awọn ẹru agbara agbara miiran ba lo, igbohunsafẹfẹ yoo yipada. Awọn igbohunsafẹfẹ yoo se alekun ti o ba ti capacitive fifuye ti wa ni dinku ati ki o yoo dinku ti o ba ti fifuye ti wa ni pọ, bi o han ni Figure 3-9.
Agbara igbohunsafẹfẹ tabi bandiwidi, iyẹn ni, bawo ni o ṣe jinna si igbohunsafẹfẹ ipin ti igbohunsafẹfẹ resonant le fi agbara mu nipasẹ lilo fifuye, da lori Q-ifosiwewe ti resonator. Bandiwidi naa ni a fun nipasẹ igbohunsafẹfẹ ipin ti o pin nipasẹ Q-ifosiwewe, ati fun awọn kirisita quartz giga-Q, bandiwidi lilo jẹ opin. Ti iwifun tiwọn ba yapa lati ipo igbohunsafẹfẹ, oscillator yoo kere si logan. Eyi jẹ nitori attenuation ti o ga julọ ni loop esi β(jω) ti yoo fa ikojọpọ ti o ga julọ ti amplifier A lati ṣe aṣeyọri ere isokan (wo Nọmba 1-2).
Idogba 3-3. Bandiwidi
Ọna ti o dara ti wiwọn agbara fifuye imunadoko (apapọ agbara fifuye ati agbara parasitic) ni lati wiwọn igbohunsafẹfẹ oscillator ati ṣe afiwe rẹ si igbohunsafẹfẹ ipin ti 32.768 kHz. Ti igbohunsafẹfẹ wiwọn ba sunmọ 32.768 kHz, agbara fifuye ti o munadoko yoo sunmọ si sipesifikesonu. Ṣe eyi nipa lilo famuwia ti a pese pẹlu akọsilẹ ohun elo yii ati aṣawadii iwọn 10X boṣewa lori iṣelọpọ aago lori pin I/O, tabi, ti o ba wa, wiwọn gara taara pẹlu iwadii impedance giga ti a pinnu fun awọn wiwọn gara. Wo Abala 4, Famuwia Idanwo, fun alaye diẹ sii.
olusin 3-9. Igbohunsafẹfẹ vs fifuye Capacitance
Idogba 3-4 yoo fun lapapọ fifuye capacitance lai ita capacitors. Ni ọpọlọpọ igba, awọn agbara ita (CEL1 ati CEL2) gbọdọ wa ni afikun lati baamu ẹru agbara ti a sọ pato ninu iwe data kristali. Ti o ba lo awọn capacitors ita, Idogba 3-5 funni ni fifuye agbara lapapọ.
Idogba 3-4. Lapapọ Capacitive fifuye lai Ita Capacitors
Idogba 3-5. Lapapọ fifuye Capacitive pẹlu Ita Capacitors
olusin 3-10. Circle Crystal pẹlu Inu, Parasitic, ati Awọn agbara Ita
Idanwo Firmware
Famuwia idanwo fun jijade ifihan aago si ibudo I/O ti o le jẹ ti kojọpọ pẹlu iwadii 10X boṣewa kan wa ninu .zip file pin pẹlu akọsilẹ ohun elo yii. Ma ṣe wiwọn awọn amọna kisita taara ti o ko ba ni awọn iwadii ikọjusi giga pupọ ti a pinnu fun iru awọn wiwọn.
Ṣe akopọ koodu orisun ati ṣe eto .hex file sinu ẹrọ.
Waye VCC laarin ibiti iṣẹ ti a ṣe akojọ si ni iwe data, so okuta momọ laarin XTAL1/TOSC1 ati XTAL2/TOSC2, ki o si wọn ami aago lori PIN ti o wu jade.
PIN ti o wu yatọ lori awọn ẹrọ oriṣiriṣi. Awọn ti o tọ pinni ti wa ni akojọ si isalẹ.
- ATmega128: Aago ifihan agbara ti wa ni o wu si PB4, ati awọn oniwe-igbohunsafẹfẹ ti pin nipa 2. O ti ṣe yẹ igbohunsafẹfẹ o wu ni 16.384 kHz.
- ATmega328P: Aago ifihan agbara ti wa ni o wu to PD6, ati awọn oniwe-igbohunsafẹfẹ ti pin nipa 2. O ti ṣe yẹ igbohunsafẹfẹ igbohunsafẹfẹ 16.384 kHz.
- ATtiny817: Aago ifihan agbara ti jade to PB5, ati awọn oniwe-igbohunsafẹfẹ ti wa ni ko pin. Igbohunsafẹfẹ ti o ti ṣe yẹ jẹ 32.768 kHz.
- ATtiny85: Aago ifihan agbara ti wa ni o wu to PB1, ati awọn oniwe-igbohunsafẹfẹ ti wa ni pin nipa 2. O ti ṣe yẹ igbohunsafẹfẹ igbohunsafẹfẹ 16.384 kHz.
- ATxmega128A1: Aago ifihan agbara ti jade si PC7, ati awọn oniwe-igbohunsafẹfẹ ti wa ni ko pin. Igbohunsafẹfẹ ti o ti ṣe yẹ jẹ 32.768 kHz.
- ATxmega256A3B: Aago ifihan agbara ti jade si PC7, ati awọn oniwe-igbohunsafẹfẹ ti wa ni ko pin. Igbohunsafẹfẹ ti o ti ṣe yẹ jẹ 32.768 kHz.
- PIC18F25Q10: Aago ifihan agbara ti wa ni o wu si RA6, ati awọn oniwe-igbohunsafẹfẹ ti wa ni pin nipa 4. Awọn ti o ti ṣe yẹ igbohunsafẹfẹ igbohunsafẹfẹ jẹ 8.192 kHz.
Pataki: PIC18F25Q10 ni a lo bi aṣoju ti ẹrọ jara AVR Dx nigba idanwo awọn kirisita. O nlo module OSC_LP_v10 oscillator, eyiti o jẹ kanna bi a ti lo nipasẹ jara AVR Dx.
Crystal awọn iṣeduro
Tabili 5-2 fihan yiyan ti awọn kirisita ti o ti ni idanwo ati rii pe o dara fun ọpọlọpọ awọn microcontrollers AVR.
Pataki: Niwọn igba ti ọpọlọpọ awọn microcontrollers pin awọn modulu oscillator, yiyan awọn ọja microcontroller aṣoju nikan ni idanwo nipasẹ awọn olutaja gara. Wo awọn files pin pẹlu akọsilẹ ohun elo lati wo awọn ijabọ idanwo gara atilẹba. Wo apakan 6. Oscillator Module Overview fun ohun loriview eyi ti ọja microcontroller nlo eyi ti oscillator module.
Lilo awọn akojọpọ gara-MCU lati tabili ti o wa ni isalẹ yoo rii daju ibaramu to dara ati pe a ṣe iṣeduro gaan fun awọn olumulo ti o ni imọ-jinlẹ kekere tabi lopin. Paapaa botilẹjẹpe awọn akojọpọ crystal-MCU jẹ idanwo nipasẹ awọn amoye oscillator oscillator ti o ni iriri giga ni ọpọlọpọ awọn olutaja gara, a tun ṣeduro idanwo apẹrẹ rẹ bi a ti ṣalaye ni Abala 3, Idanwo Crystal Oscillation Robustness, lati rii daju pe ko si awọn ọran ti a ṣe afihan lakoko iṣeto, titaja. , ati be be lo.
Table 5-1 fihan akojọ kan ti awọn ti o yatọ oscillator modulu. Abala 6, Oscillator Module Loriview, ni atokọ ti awọn ẹrọ nibiti awọn modulu wọnyi wa pẹlu.
Table 5-1. Pariview ti Oscillators ni AVR® Devices
| # | Oscillator Module | Apejuwe |
| 1 | X32K_2v7 | 2.7-5.5V oscillator ti a lo ninu awọn ẹrọ megaAVR®(1) |
| 2 | X32K_1v8 | 1.8-5.5V oscillator ti a lo ninu awọn ẹrọ megaAVR/kekereAVR®(1) |
| 3 | X32K_1v8_ULP | 1.8-3.6V oscillator agbara kekere-kekere ti a lo ninu awọn ẹrọ megaAVR/kekereAVR picoPower® |
| 4 | X32K_XMEGA (ipo deede) | 1.6-3.6V olekenka-kekere agbara oscillator lo ninu XMEGA® awọn ẹrọ. Oscillator tunto si ipo deede. |
| 5 | X32K_XMEGA (ipo agbara-kekere) | 1.6-3.6V olekenka-kekere agbara oscillator lo ninu XMEGA awọn ẹrọ. Oscillator tunto si ipo agbara kekere. |
| 6 | X32K_XRTC32 | 1.6-3.6V ultra-kekere RTC oscillator ti a lo ninu awọn ẹrọ XMEGA pẹlu afẹyinti batiri |
| 7 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP | 1.8-5.5V olekenka-kekere oscillator ti a lo ninu tinyAVR 0-, 1- ati 2-jara ati megaAVR 0-jara awọn ẹrọ |
| 8 | OSC_LP_v10 (ipo deede) | 1.8-5.5V olekenka-kekere agbara oscillator lo ninu AVR Dx jara awọn ẹrọ. Oscillator tunto si ipo deede. |
| 9 | OSC_LP_v10 (ipo agbara kekere) | 1.8-5.5V olekenka-kekere agbara oscillator lo ninu AVR Dx jara awọn ẹrọ. Oscillator tunto si ipo agbara kekere. |
Akiyesi
- Ko lo pẹlu megaAVR® 0-jara tabi tinyAVR® 0-, 1- ati 2-jara.
Table 5-2. Niyanju 32.768 kHz Kirisita
| Olutaja | Iru | Oke | Awọn modulu Oscillator Idanwo ati Ti a fọwọsi (Wo Table 5-1) | Ifarada Igbohunsafẹfẹ [± ppm] | Fifuye Agbara [pF] | Deede Series Resistance (ESR) [kΩ] |
| Microkristal | CC7V-T1A | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20/100 | 7.0/9.0/12.5 | 50/70 |
| Abracon | ABS06 | SMD | 2 | 20 | 12.5 | 90 |
| Cardinal | CPFB | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Cardinal | CTF6 | TH | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Cardinal | CTF8 | TH | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Omo ilu Endrich | CFS206 | TH | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 35 |
| Omo ilu Endrich | CM315 | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 70 |
| Epson Tyocom | MC-306 | SMD | 1, 2, 3 | 20/50 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Akata | FSXLF | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 65 |
| Akata | FX135 | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 70 |
| Akata | FX122 | SMD | 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 90 |
| Akata | FSRLF | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| NDK | NX3215SA | SMD | 1, 2 | 20 | 12.5 | 80 |
| NDK | NX1610SE | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 6 | 50 |
| NDK | NX2012SE | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 | 20 | 6 | 50 |
| Seiko Instruments | SSP-T7-FL | SMD | 2, 3, 5 | 20 | 4.4/6/12.5 | 65 |
| Seiko Instruments | SSP-T7-F | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7/12.5 | 65 |
| Seiko Instruments | SC-32S | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 70 |
| Seiko Instruments | SC-32L | SMD | 4 | 20 | 7 | 40 |
| Seiko Instruments | SC-20S | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 70 |
| Seiko Instruments | SC-12S | SMD | 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 90 |
Akiyesi:
- Awọn kirisita le wa pẹlu agbara fifuye pupọ ati awọn aṣayan ifarada igbohunsafẹfẹ. Kan si ataja gara fun alaye siwaju sii.
Oscillator Module Loriview
Abala yii fihan atokọ eyiti awọn oscillators 32.768 kHz wa ninu ọpọlọpọ Microchip megaAVR, tinyAVR, Dx, ati awọn ẹrọ XMEGA®.
megaAVR® Awọn ẹrọ
Table 6-1. megaAVR® Awọn ẹrọ
| Ẹrọ | Oscillator Module |
| ATmega1280 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega1281 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega1284P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega128A | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega128 | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega1608 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega1609 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega162 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega164A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega164PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega164P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega165A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega165PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega165P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega168A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega168PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega168PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega168P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega168 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega169A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega169PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega169P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega169 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega16A | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega16 | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega2560 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega2561 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega3208 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega3209 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega324A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega324PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega324PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega324P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3250A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3250PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3250P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega325A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega325PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega325P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega328PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega328P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega328 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega3290A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3290PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3290P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega329A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega329PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega329P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega329 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega32A | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega32 | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega406 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega4808 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega4809 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega48A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega48PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega48PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega48P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega48 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega640 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega644A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega644PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega644P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6450A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6450P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega645A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega645P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6490A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6490P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6490 | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega649A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega649P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega649 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega64A | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega64 | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega808 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega809 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega88A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega88PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega88PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega88P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega88 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega8A | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega8 | X32K_2v7 |
tinyAVR® Awọn ẹrọ
Table 6-2. tinyAVR® Awọn ẹrọ
| Ẹrọ | Oscillator Module |
| ATI1604 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI1606 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI1607 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI1614 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI1616 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI1617 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI1624 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI1626 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI1627 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI202 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI204 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI212 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI214 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny2313A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny24A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI24 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI25 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny261A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI261 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI3216 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI3217 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI3224 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI3226 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI3227 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI402 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI404 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI406 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI412 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI414 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI416 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI417 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI424 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI426 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI427 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI4313 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny44A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI44 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI45 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny461A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI461 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI804 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI806 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI807 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI814 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI816 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI817 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI824 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI826 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATI827 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny84A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI84 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI85 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny861A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATI861 | X32K_1v8 |
Awọn ẹrọ AVR® Dx
Table 6-3. Awọn ẹrọ AVR® Dx
| Ẹrọ | Oscillator Module |
| AVR128DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DA64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
Awọn ẹrọ AVR® XMEGA
Table 6-4. Awọn ẹrọ AVR® XMEGA
| Ẹrọ | Oscillator Module |
| ATxmega128A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128B1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128B3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega16A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega16D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega192A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega192A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega192D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega256A3B | X32K_XRTC32 |
| ATxmega256A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega256D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega32A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega32D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64B1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64B3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
Àtúnyẹwò History
| Dókítà. Rev. | Ọjọ | Comments |
| D | 05/2022 |
|
| C | 09/2021 |
|
| B | 09/2018 |
|
| A | 02/2018 |
|
| 8333E | 03/2015 |
|
| 8333D | 072011 | Akojọ iṣeduro imudojuiwọn. |
| 8333C | 02/2011 | Akojọ iṣeduro imudojuiwọn. |
| 8333B | 11/2010 | Orisirisi awọn imudojuiwọn ati awọn atunṣe. |
| 8333A | 08/2010 | Atunyẹwo iwe akọkọ. |
Microchip Alaye
Microchip naa Webojula
Microchip pese atilẹyin ori ayelujara nipasẹ wa webojula ni www.microchip.com/. Eyi webojula ti wa ni lo lati ṣe files ati alaye awọn iṣọrọ wa si awọn onibara. Diẹ ninu akoonu ti o wa pẹlu:
- Atilẹyin Ọja – Awọn iwe data ati errata, awọn akọsilẹ ohun elo ati sample eto, oniru oro, olumulo ká itọsọna ati hardware support awọn iwe aṣẹ, titun software tu ati ki o gbepamo software
- Atilẹyin Imọ-ẹrọ Gbogbogbo - Awọn ibeere ti a beere nigbagbogbo (Awọn FAQ), awọn ibeere atilẹyin imọ-ẹrọ, awọn ẹgbẹ ijiroro lori ayelujara, atokọ awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ eto alabaṣepọ apẹrẹ Microchip
- Iṣowo ti Microchip - Aṣayan ọja ati awọn itọsọna aṣẹ, awọn idasilẹ atẹjade Microchip tuntun, atokọ ti awọn apejọ ati awọn iṣẹlẹ, awọn atokọ ti awọn ọfiisi tita Microchip, awọn olupin kaakiri ati awọn aṣoju ile-iṣẹ
Ọja Change iwifunni Service
Iṣẹ ifitonileti iyipada ọja Microchip ṣe iranlọwọ lati jẹ ki awọn alabara wa lọwọlọwọ lori awọn ọja Microchip. Awọn alabapin yoo gba ifitonileti imeeli nigbakugba ti awọn ayipada ba wa, awọn imudojuiwọn, awọn atunyẹwo tabi errata ti o ni ibatan si ẹbi ọja kan tabi ohun elo idagbasoke ti iwulo.
Lati forukọsilẹ, lọ si www.microchip.com/pcn ki o si tẹle awọn ilana ìforúkọsílẹ.
Onibara Support
Awọn olumulo ti awọn ọja Microchip le gba iranlọwọ nipasẹ awọn ikanni pupọ:
- Olupin tabi Aṣoju
- Agbegbe Sales Office
- Onimọ-ẹrọ Awọn ojutu ti a fi sii (ESE)
- Oluranlowo lati tun nkan se
Awọn onibara yẹ ki o kan si olupin wọn, aṣoju tabi ESE fun atilẹyin. Awọn ọfiisi tita agbegbe tun wa lati ṣe iranlọwọ fun awọn alabara. Atokọ ti awọn ọfiisi tita ati awọn ipo wa ninu iwe yii.
Imọ support wa nipasẹ awọn webojula ni: www.microchip.com/support
Ẹya Idaabobo koodu Awọn ẹrọ Microchip
Ṣe akiyesi awọn alaye atẹle ti ẹya aabo koodu lori awọn ọja Microchip:
- Awọn ọja Microchip pade awọn pato ti o wa ninu Iwe Data Microchip pato wọn.
- Microchip gbagbọ pe ẹbi ti awọn ọja wa ni aabo nigba lilo ni ọna ti a pinnu, laarin awọn pato iṣẹ, ati labẹ awọn ipo deede.
- Awọn iye Microchip ati ibinu ṣe aabo awọn ẹtọ ohun-ini ọgbọn rẹ. Awọn igbiyanju lati irufin awọn ẹya aabo koodu ti ọja Microchip jẹ eewọ muna ati pe o le rú Ofin Aṣẹ-lori Ẹgbẹrun Ọdun Digital.
- Bẹni Microchip tabi eyikeyi olupese semikondokito miiran le ṣe iṣeduro aabo koodu rẹ. Idaabobo koodu ko tumọ si pe a n ṣe iṣeduro ọja naa jẹ “aibikita”. Idaabobo koodu ti wa ni idagbasoke nigbagbogbo. Microchip ti pinnu lati ni ilọsiwaju nigbagbogbo awọn ẹya aabo koodu ti awọn ọja wa.
Ofin Akiyesi
Atẹjade yii ati alaye ti o wa ninu rẹ le ṣee lo pẹlu awọn ọja Microchip nikan, pẹlu lati ṣe apẹrẹ, idanwo, ati ṣepọ awọn ọja Microchip pẹlu ohun elo rẹ. Lilo alaye yii ni ọna miiran ti o lodi si awọn ofin wọnyi. Alaye nipa awọn ohun elo ẹrọ ti pese fun irọrun rẹ nikan ati pe o le rọpo nipasẹ awọn imudojuiwọn. O jẹ ojuṣe rẹ lati rii daju pe ohun elo rẹ ni ibamu pẹlu awọn pato rẹ. Kan si ọfiisi tita Microchip agbegbe rẹ fun atilẹyin afikun tabi gba atilẹyin afikun ni www.microchip.com/en-us/support/design-help/client-support-services.
ALAYE YI NI MICROCHIP “BI O SE WA”. MICROCHIP KO SE Aṣoju TABI ATILẸYIN ỌJA TI IRU KANKAN BOYA KIAKIA TABI Isọsọ, kikọ tabi ẹnu, ofin
TABI BABAKỌ, O NI JẸ SI ALAYE NAA PẸLU SUGBON KO NI OPIN SI KANKAN ATILẸYIN ỌJA TI AIṢẸ, Ọja, ati Adara fun idi pataki, tabi awọn iṣeduro ti o jọmọ awọn ipo rẹ, iyeye.
LAISI iṣẹlẹ ti yoo ṣe oniduro fun eyikeyi aiṣedeede, PATAKI, ijiya, ijamba, tabi ipadanu, bibajẹ, iye owo, tabi inawo ti eyikeyi iru ohunkohun ti o jọmọ si awọn alaye tabi ti o ti gba, ti o ba ti lo, Ti a gbaniyanju nipa Seese TABI awọn bibajẹ ni o wa tẹlẹ. SI AWỌN NIPA NIPA NIPA TI OFIN, LAPAPA LAPAPO MICROCHIP LORI Gbogbo awọn ẹtọ ni eyikeyi ọna ti o jọmọ ALAYE TABI LILO RE KO NI JU OPO ỌWỌ, TI O BA KAN, PE O TI ṢAN NIPA TODAJU SIROMỌ.
Lilo awọn ẹrọ Microchip ni atilẹyin igbesi aye ati/tabi awọn ohun elo aabo jẹ patapata ni ewu olura, ati pe olura gba lati daabobo, ṣe idalẹbi ati dimu Microchip ti ko lewu lati eyikeyi ati gbogbo awọn bibajẹ, awọn ẹtọ, awọn ipele, tabi awọn inawo ti o waye lati iru lilo. Ko si awọn iwe-aṣẹ ti a gbe lọ, laisọtọ tabi bibẹẹkọ, labẹ eyikeyi awọn ẹtọ ohun-ini imọ Microchip ayafi bibẹẹkọ ti sọ.
Awọn aami-išowo
Orukọ Microchip ati aami, aami Microchip, Adaptec, AnyRate, AVR, AVR logo, AVR Freaks, Bes Time, Bit Cloud, Crypto Memory, Crypto RF, dsPIC, flexPWR, HELDO, IGLOO, JukeBlox, KeeLoq, Kleer, LANCheck, LinkMD, maXStylus, maXTouch, Media LB, megaAVR, Microsemi, Microsemi logo, MOST, MOST logo, MPLAB, OptoLyzer, PIC, picoPower, PICSTART, logo PIC32, PolarFire, Prochip Designer, QTouch, SAM-BA, Sengenuity,ST SpyNIC, SAM-BA , SST Logo, SuperFlash, Symmetricom, SyncServer, Tachyon, TimeSource, tinyAVR, UNI/O, Vectron, ati XMEGA jẹ aami-iṣowo ti a forukọsilẹ ti Microchip Technology Incorporated ni USA ati awọn orilẹ-ede miiran.
AgileSwitch, APT, ClockWorks, Ile-iṣẹ Awọn Solusan Iṣakoso ti a fi sinu, EtherSynch, Flashtec, Iṣakoso Iyara Hyper, fifuye HyperLight, Intelli MOS, Libero, motorBench, m Touch, Powermite 3, Edge Precision, ProASIC, ProASIC Plus, ProASIC Plus logo, Idakẹjẹ- Waya, Smart Fusion, Aye Sync, Temux, Time Cesium, TimeHub, TimePictra, Olupese akoko, TrueTime, WinPath, ati ZL jẹ aami-iṣowo ti a forukọsilẹ ti Microchip Technology Incorporated ni AMẸRIKA
Imukuro Bọtini nitosi, AKS, Analog-fun-The-Digital Age, Eyikeyi Kapasito, AnyIn, AnyOut, Yipada Augmented, Blue Sky, Ara Com, Code Guard, CryptoAuthentication, Crypto Automotive, CryptoCompanion, CryptoController, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, Dynamic Ibamu apapọ, DAM, ECAN, Espresso T1S, EtherGREEN, GridTime, Ideal Bridge, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, INICnet, Paralleling Intelligent, Inter-Chip Asopọmọra, JitterBlocker, Knob-on-Display, maxCrypto, maxView, memBrain, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB Ifọwọsi logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, MultiTRAK, NetDetach, NVM Express, NVMe, Omniscient Code Generation, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, PowerSmart, PureSilicon, QMatrix, RE , Ripple Blocker, RTAX, RTG4, SAM-ICE, Serial Quad I/O, simpleMAP, SimpliPHY, Smar tBuffer, SmartHLS, SMART-IS, storClad, SQI, SuperSwitcher, SuperSwitcher II, Switchtec, SynchroPHY, Total Ifarada, TSHARC, USBCheck , VariSense, VectorBlox, VeriPHY, ViewSpan, WiperLock, XpressConnect, ati ZENA jẹ aami-iṣowo ti Microchip Technology Incorporated ni AMẸRIKA ati awọn orilẹ-ede miiran.
SQTP jẹ aami iṣẹ ti Microchip Technology Incorporated ni AMẸRIKA
Aami Adaptec, Igbohunsafẹfẹ lori Ibeere, Imọ-ẹrọ Ibi ipamọ ohun alumọni, Symmcom, ati Akoko Igbẹkẹle jẹ aami-iṣowo ti a forukọsilẹ ti Microchip Technology Inc. ni awọn orilẹ-ede miiran.
GestIC jẹ aami-iṣowo ti a forukọsilẹ ti Microchip Technology Germany II GmbH & Co.KG, oniranlọwọ ti Microchip Technology Inc., ni awọn orilẹ-ede miiran.
Gbogbo awọn aami-iṣowo miiran ti a mẹnuba ninu rẹ jẹ ohun-ini ti awọn ile-iṣẹ wọn.
© 2022, Microchip Technology Incorporated ati awọn ẹka rẹ. Gbogbo awọn ẹtọ wa ni ipamọ.
- ISBN: 978-1-6683-0405-1
Didara Management System
Fun alaye nipa Awọn ọna iṣakoso Didara Microchip, jọwọ ṣabẹwo www.microchip.com/quality.
Ni agbaye Titaja ati Service
Ile-iṣẹ Ile-iṣẹ
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Awọn iwe aṣẹ / Awọn orisun
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MICROCHIP AN2648 Yiyan ati Idanwo 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators fun AVR Microcontrollers [pdf] Itọsọna olumulo AN2648 Yiyan ati Idanwo 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators fun AVR Microcontrollers, AN2648, Yiyan ati Idanwo 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators fun AVR Microcontrollers, Crystal Oscillators fun AVR Microcontrollers |
