MICROCHIP AN2648 Zaɓi da Gwaji 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators don AVR Microcontrollers
Gabatarwa
Marubuta: Torbjørn Kjørlaug da Amund Aune, Microchip Technology Inc.
Wannan bayanin kula na aikace-aikacen yana taƙaita mahimman abubuwan kristal, la'akari da shimfidar PCB, da yadda ake gwada crystal a aikace-aikacenku. Jagoran zaɓin crystal yana nuna ƙwararrun lu'ulu'u waɗanda masana suka gwada kuma an same su dacewa da nau'ikan oscillator daban-daban a cikin dangin Microchip AVR® daban-daban. Gwajin firmware da rahotannin gwaji daga dillalai daban-daban sun haɗa.
Siffofin
- Crystal Oscillator Basics
- PCB Design la'akari
- Gwajin Karfin Crystal
- Gwajin Firmware Ya Haɗa
- Jagoran Shawarar Crystal
Crystal Oscillator Basics
Gabatarwa
A crystal oscillator yana amfani da juzu'in inji na wani abu mai girgiza piezoelectric don samar da siginar agogo mai tsayi sosai. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da mitar don samar da siginar tsayayyen agogo ko kiyaye lokaci; Don haka, ana amfani da oscillators crystal a aikace-aikacen Mitar Rediyo (RF) da da'irori na dijital masu ɗaukar lokaci.
Ana samun lu'ulu'u daga dillalai daban-daban a cikin siffofi da girma dabam dabam kuma suna iya bambanta yadu cikin aiki da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Fahimtar sigogi da da'irar oscillator yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen aikace-aikacen tsayayye akan bambance-bambancen zafin jiki, zafi, wutar lantarki, da tsari.
Dukkan abubuwa na zahiri suna da mitar girgizar dabi'a, inda ake tantance mitar girgiza ta hanyar sifarsa, girmanta, elasticity, da saurin sauti a cikin kayan. Kayan lantarki na Piezoelectric yana gurbata lokacin da ake amfani da filin lantarki kuma yana haifar da wutar lantarki lokacin da ya dawo sifarsa ta asali. Mafi yawan kayan aikin piezoelectric da aka yi amfani da su
a cikin da'irori na lantarki shine kristal ma'adini, amma ana kuma amfani da resonators na yumbu - gabaɗaya a cikin ƙananan farashi ko ƙasa da ƙa'idodi masu mahimmanci. Lu'ulu'u 32.768 kHz yawanci ana yanke su cikin siffar cokali mai yatsa. Tare da lu'ulu'u na quartz, ana iya kafa madaidaicin mitoci.
Hoto na 1-1. Siffar 32.768 kHz Tuning Fork Crystal
Oscillator
Ma'aunin kwanciyar hankali na Barkhausen sharuɗɗa biyu ne da ake amfani da su don tantance lokacin da kewayen lantarki za ta girgiza. Suna bayyana cewa idan A shine riba na ampAbubuwan haɓakawa a cikin da'irar lantarki da β(jω) shine aikin canja wuri na hanyar amsawa, za'a ci gaba da jujjuyawar yanayi kawai a mitoci waɗanda:
- Ribar madauki daidai yake da haɗin kai cikin cikakken girma, |βA| = 1
- Juya lokaci a kusa da madauki ba shi da sifili ko madaidaicin lamba na 2π, watau, ∠βA = 2πn don n ∈ 0, 1, 2, 3…
Ma'aunin farko zai tabbatar da dindindin ampsiginar litude. Lamba ƙasa da 1 zai rage siginar, kuma lambar da ta fi 1 za ta ampinganta sigina zuwa rashin iyaka. Ma'auni na biyu zai tabbatar da tsayayyen mita. Don sauran ƙimar canjin lokaci, za a soke fitowar igiyar igiyar ruwa saboda madauki na martani.
Hoto na 1-2. Madauki na martani
Ana nuna oscillator 32.768 kHz a cikin Microchip AVR microcontrollers a cikin Hoto 1-3 kuma ya ƙunshi juzu'i.
amplifier (na ciki) da crystal (na waje). Capacitors (CL1 da CL2) suna wakiltar ƙarfin parasitic na ciki. Wasu na'urorin AVR kuma suna da zaɓaɓɓun masu iya ɗaukar nauyi na ciki, waɗanda ƙila a yi amfani da su don rage buƙatar capacitors na lodi na waje, ya danganta da crystal ɗin da ake amfani da su.
Juyawa amplifier yana ba da π radian (digiri 180) motsi lokaci. Ragowar canjin lokaci na π radian ana samar da shi ta wurin kristal da ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki a 32.768 kHz, yana haifar da jimlar canjin lokaci na 2π radian. A lokacin farawa, da ampFitowar lifier zai ƙaru har sai an kafa oscillation-tsaye tare da ribar madauki na 1, yana haifar da cika ka'idojin Barkhausen. Ana sarrafa wannan ta atomatik ta hanyar kewayen oscillator na AVR.
Hoto na 1-3. Pierce Crystal Oscillator Circuit a cikin na'urorin AVR® (a sauƙaƙe)
Samfurin Lantarki
Ana nuna daidai da'irar lantarki na crystal a hoto 1-4. Ana kiran jerin hanyoyin sadarwa na RLC da hannu mai motsi kuma yana ba da bayanin lantarki game da halayen inji na crystal, inda C1 ke wakiltar elasticity na ma'adini, L1 yana wakiltar yawan girgiza, kuma R1 yana wakiltar hasara saboda d.amping. C0 ana kiransa shunt ko a tsaye capacitance kuma shine jimlar ƙarfin ƙarfin parasitic na lantarki saboda gidaje na crystal da lantarki. Idan a
Ana amfani da mita capacitance don auna ƙarfin kristal, C0 kawai za a auna (C1 ba zai yi tasiri ba).
Hoto na 1-4. Crystal Oscillator Daidai Daida
Ta amfani da canjin Laplace, ana iya samun mitoci biyu masu resonant a wannan hanyar sadarwa. Jerin resonant
mita, fs, ya dogara ne kawai akan C1 da L1. Madaidaicin mitar ko anti-resonant, fp, kuma ya haɗa da C0. Dubi Hoto 1-5 don amsawa da halayen mitar.
Daidaito 1-1. Yawan Resonant Series
Daidaito 1-2. Daidaici Resonant Mitar
Hoto na 1-5. Halayen Crystal Reactance
Lu'ulu'u da ke ƙasa da 30 MHz na iya aiki a kowane mitar tsakanin jeri da mitoci masu kama da juna, wanda ke nufin cewa suna cikin aiki. Lu'ulu'u masu tsayi sama da 30 MHz galibi ana sarrafa su a cikin mitar resonant ko juzu'i, waɗanda ke faruwa a yawancin mitar asali. Ƙara kayan aiki mai ƙarfi, CL, zuwa crystal zai haifar da canji a mitar da aka bayar ta Equation 1-3. Ana iya kunna mitar kristal ta sãɓãwarcin ƙarfin nauyi, kuma ana kiran wannan mitar ja.
Daidaito 1-3. Matsakaicin Juyin Juya Juyin Halitta
Daidaita Tsarin Tsarin (ESR)
Madaidaicin jerin juriya (ESR) wakilcin lantarki ne na asarar inji na crystal. A cikin jerin
resonant mita, fs, yana daidai da R1 a cikin lantarki model. ESR muhimmin ma'auni ne kuma ana iya samuwa a cikin takardar bayanan crystal. ESR yawanci zai dogara ne akan girman jiki na crystal, inda ƙananan lu'ulu'u
(musamman lu'ulu'u na SMD) yawanci suna da hasara mafi girma da ƙimar ESR fiye da manyan lu'ulu'u.
Ƙimar ESR mafi girma suna sanya nauyi mai girma akan jujjuyawar amplififi. Maɗaukakin ESR na iya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali aiki oscillator. Ribar haɗin kai, a irin waɗannan lokuta, ba za a iya cimma ba, kuma ba za a iya cika ma'aunin Barkhausen ba.
Q-Factor da Kwanciyar hankali
Q-factor yana ba da kwanciyar hankali mitar crystal. Q-factor shine rabo tsakanin makamashi da aka adana a cikin crystal da jimlar duk asarar makamashi. Yawanci, lu'ulu'u na quartz suna da Q a cikin kewayon 10,000 zuwa 100,000, idan aka kwatanta da watakila 100 don LC oscillator. Abubuwan resonators na yumbu suna da ƙananan Q fiye da lu'ulu'u na ma'adini kuma sun fi kula da canje-canje a cikin nauyin capacitive.
Daidaito 1-4. Q-Factor
Dalilai da yawa na iya shafar daidaiton mitar: Damuwar injina da aka jawo ta hanyar hawa, girgiza ko damuwa mai girgiza, bambance-bambance a cikin samar da wutar lantarki, impedance load, zazzabi, filayen maganadisu da lantarki, da tsufa na crystal. Masu sayar da Crystal yawanci suna lissafin irin waɗannan sigogi a cikin takaddun bayanan su.
Lokacin Farawa
A lokacin farawa, da inverting amplififi ampyana ƙara amo. Crystal za ta yi aiki azaman matattarar bandeji kuma tana ba da baya kawai bangaren mitar rawan crystal, wanda shine lokacin ampingantacce. Kafin cimma daidaito-jihar oscillation, samin madauki na crystal/juyawa amplifier madauki ya fi 1 da sigina amplitude zai karu. A tsayayye-jihar oscillation, madauki riba zai cika ka'idojin Barkhausen tare da madauki na 1, kuma akai-akai. amplitude.
Abubuwan da ke shafar lokacin farawa:
- High-ESR lu'ulu'u za su fara sannu a hankali fiye da low-ESR lu'ulu'u
- Babban Q-factor lu'ulu'u za su fara a hankali fiye da ƙananan lu'ulu'u na Q-factor
- Babban ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi zai ƙara lokacin farawa
- Oscillator ampƘarfin tuƙi (duba ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan izinin oscillator a Sashe na 3.2, Gwajin Juriya mara Kyau da Factor Safety)
Bugu da kari, kristal mita zai shafi lokacin farawa (lu'ulu'u masu sauri za su fara sauri), amma an daidaita wannan siga don lu'ulu'u 32.768 kHz.
Hoto na 1-6. Fara-Up na Crystal Oscillator
Haƙuri na Zazzabi
Yawancin lu'ulu'u na gyaran cokali mai yatsa yawanci ana yanke su zuwa tsakiyar mitar maras kyau a 25°C. Sama da ƙasa da 25 ° C, mitar za ta ragu tare da sifa mai kama, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 1-7. Ana ba da canjin mitar ta
Equation 1-5, inda f0 shine mitar manufa a T0 (yawanci 32.768 kHz a 25°C) kuma B shine ma'aunin zafin jiki wanda takardar bayanan crystal ta bayar (yawanci lambar mara kyau).
Daidaito 1-5. Tasirin Bambancin Zazzabi
Hoto na 1-7. Yawan Zazzabi vs. Halayen Mitar Crystal
Ƙarfin Tuƙi
Ƙarfin da'irar direban kristal yana ƙayyade halaye na fitowar sine na firikwensin oscillator. Sine wave shine shigarwar kai tsaye zuwa fil ɗin shigar da agogo na dijital na microcontroller. Wannan igiyar igiyar igiyar ruwa dole ne a sauƙaƙe ta faɗi mafi ƙarancin shigarwa da matsakaicin voltage matakan shigarwar fil ɗin direban crystal yayin da ba a yanke, baƙaƙe ko karkatar da su a kololuwa. Ƙarƙashin igiyar ruwa amplitude yana nuna cewa nauyin da'irar crystal yayi nauyi ga direba, yana haifar da yuwuwar gazawar oscillation ko kuskuren shigar da mitar. Yayi tsayi sosai amplitude yana nufin cewa ribar madauki ya yi yawa kuma yana iya haifar da tsallen kristal zuwa matakin jituwa mafi girma ko lalacewa ta dindindin ga crystal.
Ƙayyade halayen fitowar kristal ta nazarin fil ɗin XTAL1/TOSC1tage. Ku sani cewa binciken da aka haɗa da XTAL1/TOSC1 yana haifar da ƙarin ƙarfin parasitic, wanda dole ne a lissafta shi.
Ribar madauki yana da mummunar tasiri ta zafin jiki kuma yana da kyau ta voltage (VDD). Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne a auna halayen tuƙi a mafi girman zafin jiki da mafi ƙarancin VDD, da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da mafi girman VDD wanda aka ƙayyade aikace-aikacen don aiki.
Zaɓi crystal tare da ƙananan ESR ko kaya mai ƙarfi idan ribar madauki ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa. Idan ribar madauki ya yi yawa, ana iya ƙara jerin resistor, RS, zuwa da'ira don rage siginar fitarwa. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna tsohonample na da'irar direba mai sauƙaƙan crystal tare da ƙarin jerin resistor (RS) a fitowar fil ɗin XTAL2/TOSC2.
Hoto na 1-8. Direba Crystal tare da Resistor Series
Tsarin Tsarin PCB da La'akari da Tsara
Ko da mafi kyawun da'irori na oscillator da lu'ulu'u masu inganci ba za su yi kyau ba idan ba a yi la'akari da shimfidar wuri da kayan da ake amfani da su yayin taro ba. Oscillators masu ƙarancin ƙarfi 32.768 kHz yawanci suna watsewa ƙasa da 1 μW, don haka halin yanzu da ke gudana a cikin kewaye yana da ƙanƙanta. Bugu da ƙari, mitar kristal yana dogara sosai akan nauyin capacitive.
Don tabbatar da ƙarfin oscillator, ana ba da shawarar waɗannan jagororin yayin shimfidar PCB:
- Layukan sigina daga XTAL1/TOSC1 da XTAL2/TOSC2 zuwa kristal dole ne su kasance gajeru kamar yadda zai yiwu don rage ƙarfin parasitic da ƙara haɓakar hayaniya da kariyar magana. Kada ku yi amfani da kwasfa.
- Garkuwa da kristal da layin sigina ta kewaye shi da jirgin ƙasa da zoben gadi
- Kada ku bi layin dijital, musamman layukan agogo, kusa da layukan crystal. Don allunan PCB masu yawa, guje wa siginar da ke ƙasa da layin crystal.
- Yi amfani da PCB masu inganci da kayan siyarwa
- Kura da zafi za su ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin parasitic kuma rage keɓancewar sigina, don haka ana ba da shawarar suturar kariya
Gwajin Karfin Oscillation Crystal
Gabatarwa
AVR microcontroller's 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator direban an inganta shi don ƙarancin wutar lantarki, don haka
ƙarfin direban crystal yana iyakance. Yin lodin direban crystal na iya sa oscillator ya daina farawa, ko kuma yana iya
a shafa (dakata na ɗan lokaci, misaliample) saboda ƙarar amo ko ƙãra ƙarfin aiki wanda ya haifar da gurɓata ko kusancin hannu.
Kula lokacin zaɓi da gwada kristal don tabbatar da ingantaccen ƙarfi a cikin aikace-aikacen ku. Mahimman sigogi biyu mafi mahimmanci na crystal sune Madaidaicin Juriya (ESR) da Load Capacitance (CL).
Lokacin auna lu'ulu'u, dole ne a sanya lu'ulu'u kamar yadda zai yiwu zuwa ga 32.768 kHz oscillator fil don rage ƙarfin parasitic. Gabaɗaya, koyaushe muna ba da shawarar yin awo a aikace-aikacenku na ƙarshe. Samfurin PCB na al'ada wanda ya ƙunshi aƙalla microcontroller da da'irar crystal na iya samar da ingantaccen sakamakon gwaji. Don gwajin farko na crystal, yin amfani da kayan haɓakawa ko kayan farawa (misali, STK600) na iya isa.
Ba mu bayar da shawarar haɗa kristal zuwa maƙallan fitarwa na XTAL/TOSC a ƙarshen STK600, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 3-1, saboda hanyar siginar za ta kasance mai kula da amo kuma don haka ƙara ƙarin ƙarfin ƙarfi. Siyar da crystal kai tsaye zuwa jagororin, duk da haka, zai ba da sakamako mai kyau. Don kauce wa ƙarin nauyin kaya daga soket da kuma hanyar tafiya akan STK600, muna bada shawarar lankwasa XTAL/TOSC yana kaiwa sama, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 3-2 da Hoto 3-3, don haka kada su taɓa soket. Lu'ulu'u tare da jagora (rami da aka ɗora) sun fi sauƙi don rikewa, amma kuma yana yiwuwa a sayar da SMD kai tsaye zuwa jagorancin XTAL/TOSC ta amfani da kari na fil, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 3-4. Siyar da lu'ulu'u zuwa fakiti tare da kunkuntar farar fil kuma yana yiwuwa, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3-5, amma yana da ɗan wayo kuma yana buƙatar tsayayyen hannu.
Hoto na 3-1. Saitin Gwajin STK600
A matsayin nauyin mai ƙarfi zai yi tasiri mai mahimmanci akan oscillator, ba dole ba ne ka bincika crystal kai tsaye sai dai idan kana da kayan aiki masu inganci waɗanda aka yi niyya don ma'aunin crystal. Daidaitaccen bincike na oscilloscope na 10X yana ƙaddamar da lodi na 10-15 pF kuma don haka zai sami babban tasiri akan ma'auni. Taɓa fil ɗin kristal da yatsa ko bincike na 10X na iya isa don farawa ko dakatar da oscillations ko ba da sakamakon ƙarya. Firmware don fitar da siginar agogo zuwa daidaitaccen fil I/O ana kawo shi tare da wannan bayanin kula. Ba kamar fil ɗin shigarwar XTAL/TOSC ba, fitilun I/O waɗanda aka saita azaman abubuwan buffered ana iya bincika su tare da daidaitattun binciken oscilloscope na 10X ba tare da shafar ma'auni ba. Ana iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai a Sashe na 4, Gwajin Firmware.
Hoto na 3-2. An siyar da Crystal Kai tsaye zuwa Jagoran Bent XTAL/TOSC
Hoto na 3-3. Crystal Soldered a cikin STK600 Socket
Hoto na 3-4. SMD Crystal Ana Siyar da Kai Kai tsaye zuwa MCU Ta Amfani da Tsare-tsaren Fin
Hoto na 3-5. Crystal Soldered zuwa Kunshin TQFP 100-Pin tare da Ƙunƙarar Pitch
Gwajin Juriya mara kyau da Factor Safety
Gwajin juriya mara kyau yana gano gefe tsakanin crystal ampLoad ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin aikace-aikacenku da matsakaicin nauyi. A max load, da amplifier zai shaƙe, kuma oscillation zai tsaya. Ana kiran wannan batu da oscillator allowance (OA). Nemo izinin oscillator ta ƙara wani ɗan lokaci mai jujjuya jerin juzu'i tsakanin ampFitowar lifier (XTAL2/TOSC2) gubar da crystal, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 3-6. Ƙara jerin resistor har sai crystal ya daina motsi. Izinin oscillator zai zama jimlar wannan juriyar juriya, RMAX, da ESR. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da potentiometer tare da kewayon aƙalla ESR <RPOT <5 ESR.
Nemo madaidaicin ƙimar RMAX na iya zama ɗan wahala saboda babu ainihin madaidaicin izinin oscillator. Kafin oscillator ya tsaya, zaku iya lura da raguwa a hankali a hankali, kuma ana iya samun farkawa tasha. Bayan oscillator ya tsaya, kuna buƙatar rage ƙimar RMAX da 10-50 kΩ kafin oscillations su ci gaba. Dole ne a yi keken wuta kowane lokaci bayan an ƙara m resistor. RMAX zai zama ƙimar resistor inda oscillator baya farawa bayan hawan keke. Lura cewa lokutan farawa zasu yi tsayi sosai a wurin izinin oscillator, don haka kuyi haƙuri.
Daidaito 3-1. Oscillator Allowance
OA = RMAX + ESR
Hoto na 3-6. Aunawa Oscillator Allowance/RMAX
Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ingantacciyar potentiometer tare da ƙarancin ƙarfin parasitic (misali, SMD potentiometer dace da RF) don samar da ingantaccen sakamako. Koyaya, idan zaku iya cimma kyakkyawan izinin oscillator/RMAX tare da arha potentiometer, zaku kasance lafiya.
Lokacin nemo matsakaicin juriya na jerin, zaku iya nemo ma'aunin aminci daga Equation 3-2. MCU daban-daban da dillalai masu kristal suna aiki tare da shawarwarin abubuwan aminci daban-daban. Fa'idodin aminci yana ƙara gefe don kowane mummunan tasiri na masu canji daban-daban kamar oscillator ampribar lifi, canji saboda wutar lantarki da bambance-bambancen zafin jiki, bambance-bambancen tsari, da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi. 32.768 kHz oscillator ampLifier akan microcontrollers AVR shine zafin jiki da wutar lantarki. Don haka ta samun waɗannan masu canji fiye ko žasa akai-akai, za mu iya rage buƙatun don yanayin aminci idan aka kwatanta da sauran masana'antun MCU/IC. An jera shawarwarin abubuwan aminci a cikin Tebur 3-1.
Daidaito 3-2. Safety Factor
Hoto na 3-7. Jerin Potentiometer Tsakanin XTAL2/TOSC2 Pin da Crystal
Hoto na 3-8. Gwajin Ba da izini a Socket
Table 3-1. Shawarwari Factor na Tsaro
| Amincin Tsaro | Shawara |
| >5 | Madalla |
| 4 | Yayi kyau sosai |
| 3 | Yayi kyau |
| <3 | Ba a ba da shawarar ba |
Auna Ƙarfin Ƙaƙƙarfan Load
Mitar lu'ulu'u yana dogara ne akan ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi, kamar yadda aka nuna ta Equation 1-2. Aiwatar da ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanan crystal zai samar da mitar kusa da mitar ƙididdiga ta 32.768 kHz. Idan an yi amfani da wasu kayan aiki masu ƙarfi, mitar zata canza. Mitar za ta ƙaru idan an rage ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin kuma zai ragu idan an ƙara nauyi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto 3-9.
Ƙarfin juzuwar mitar ko bandwidth, wato, nisa daga mitar ƙididdiga za a iya tilasta mitar resonant ta amfani da kaya, ya dogara da Q-factor na resonator. Ana ba da bandwidth ta mitar ƙididdiga ta hanyar Q-factor, kuma don lu'ulu'u masu girma-Q quartz, bandwidth mai amfani yana iyakance. Idan mitar da aka auna ta karkata daga mitar ƙididdiga, oscillator zai zama ƙasa da ƙarfi. Wannan shi ne saboda mafi girma attenuation a cikin feedback madauki β(jω) wanda zai haifar da mafi girma loading na amplififi A don samun haɗin kai (duba Hoto 1-2).
Daidaito 3-3. Bandwidth
Kyakkyawan hanyar auna ƙarfin ƙarfin nauyi mai tasiri (jimlar ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da ƙarfin ƙarfin parasitic) shine auna mitar oscillator kuma kwatanta shi da mitar maras kyau na 32.768 kHz. Idan mitar da aka auna yana kusa da 32.768 kHz, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi mai tasiri zai kasance kusa da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Yi haka ta amfani da firmware da aka kawo tare da wannan bayanin aikace-aikacen da daidaitaccen bincike na girman 10X akan fitowar agogo akan fil I/O, ko, idan akwai, auna kristal kai tsaye tare da bincike mai ƙarfi da aka yi niyya don ma'aunin crystal. Duba Sashe na 4, Gwajin Firmware, don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai.
Hoto na 3-9. Mitar vs. Load Capacitance
Equation 3-4 yana ba da jimlar ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi ba tare da masu ƙarfin waje ba. A mafi yawan lokuta, dole ne a ƙara capacitors na waje (CEL1 da CEL2) don dacewa da nauyin ƙarfin aiki da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanan crystal. Idan ana amfani da capacitors na waje, Equation 3-5 yana ba da jimlar ƙarfin ƙarfi.
Daidaito 3-4. Jimlar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙarfi ba tare da Ƙwararrun Ƙarfafawa ba
Daidaito 3-5. Jimlar Load ɗin Ƙarfafawa tare da Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa
Hoto na 3-10. Crystal Circuit tare da Ciki, Parasitic, da Na waje Capacitors
Gwada Firmware
Gwajin firmware don fitar da siginar agogo zuwa tashar I/O wanda za'a iya loda shi tare da daidaitaccen bincike na 10X yana cikin .zip file rarraba tare da wannan bayanin kula. Kar a auna na'urorin kristal kai tsaye idan ba ku da manyan binciken da aka yi niyya don irin waɗannan ma'auni.
Haɗa lambar tushe kuma shirya .hex file cikin na'urar.
Aiwatar da VCC a cikin kewayon aiki da aka jera a cikin takardar bayanan, haɗa crystal tsakanin XTAL1/TOSC1 da XTAL2/TOSC2, kuma auna siginar agogo akan fil ɗin fitarwa.
Fitin ɗin fitarwa ya bambanta akan na'urori daban-daban. An jera madaidaitan fil a ƙasa.
- ATmega128: Ana fitar da siginar agogo zuwa PB4, kuma an raba mitar ta ta 2. Mitar fitarwa da ake tsammanin shine 16.384 kHz.
- ATmega328P: Ana fitar da siginar agogo zuwa PD6, kuma an raba mitar ta ta 2. Mitar fitarwa da ake tsammanin shine 16.384 kHz.
- ATtiny817: Ana fitar da siginar agogo zuwa PB5, kuma ba a raba mitar sa. Mitar fitarwa da ake tsammanin shine 32.768 kHz.
- Attiny85: Ana fitar da siginar agogo zuwa PB1, kuma ana raba mitar ta ta 2. Mitar fitarwa da ake tsammanin ita ce 16.384 kHz.
- ATxmega128A1: Ana fitar da siginar agogo zuwa PC7, kuma ba a raba mitar sa. Mitar fitarwa da ake tsammanin shine 32.768 kHz.
- ATxmega256A3B: Ana fitar da siginar agogo zuwa PC7, kuma ba a raba mitar sa. Mitar fitarwa da ake tsammanin shine 32.768 kHz.
- PIC18F25Q10: Ana fitar da siginar agogo zuwa RA6, kuma an raba mitar ta ta 4. Mitar fitarwa da ake tsammanin ita ce 8.192 kHz.
Muhimmi: An yi amfani da PIC18F25Q10 azaman wakilin jerin na'urar AVR Dx lokacin gwajin lu'ulu'u. Yana amfani da OSC_LP_v10 oscillator module, wanda yayi daidai da amfani da jerin AVR Dx.
Crystal Shawarwari
Tebur 5-2 yana nuna zaɓi na lu'ulu'u waɗanda aka gwada kuma aka same su dacewa da nau'ikan microcontrollers AVR.
Muhimmi: Tun da yawancin microcontrollers suna raba samfuran oscillator, zaɓi na samfuran microcontroller kawai aka gwada ta dillalai. Duba cikin files rarraba tare da bayanin kula don ganin ainihin rahotannin gwajin crystal. Duba sashe na 6. Oscillator Module Overview don overview wanda samfurin microcontroller ke amfani da wanne oscillator module.
Yin amfani da haɗe-haɗe na crystal-MCU daga teburin da ke ƙasa zai tabbatar da dacewa mai kyau kuma ana ba da shawarar sosai ga masu amfani waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ƙwarewar crystal ko iyaka. Ko da yake ana gwada haɗin kristal-MCU ta ƙwararrun ƙwararrun oscillator na kristal a dillalai daban-daban, har yanzu muna ba da shawarar gwada ƙirar ku kamar yadda aka bayyana a Sashe na 3, Gwajin Crystal Oscillation Robustness, don tabbatar da cewa ba a gabatar da wata matsala ba yayin shimfidawa, siyarwa. , da dai sauransu.
Tebur 5-1 yana nuna jerin nau'ikan oscillator daban-daban. Sashi na 6, Oscillator Module Overview, yana da jerin na'urorin da aka haɗa waɗannan kayayyaki.
Tebur 5-1. Ƙarsheview na Oscillators a cikin na'urorin AVR®
| # | Module Oscillator | Bayani |
| 1 | X32K_2v7 | 2.7-5.5V oscillator da ake amfani dashi a cikin na'urorin megaAVR®(1) |
| 2 | X32K_1v8 | 1.8-5.5V oscillator da ake amfani dashi a cikin megaAVR/kanananAVR® na'urorin(1) |
| 3 | X32K_1v8_ULP | 1.8-3.6V ultra-low power oscillator da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin megaAVR/kaninAVR picoPower® |
| 4 | X32K_XMEGA (yanayi na yau da kullun) | 1.6-3.6V ultra-low power oscillator da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin XMEGA®. An saita Oscillator zuwa yanayin al'ada. |
| 5 | X32K_XMEGA (yanayin rashin ƙarfi) | 1.6-3.6V ultra-low power oscillator da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin XMEGA. An saita Oscillator zuwa yanayin ƙarancin ƙarfi. |
| 6 | X32K_XRTC32 | 1.6-3.6V ultra-low power RTC oscillator da ake amfani dashi a cikin na'urorin XMEGA tare da ajiyar baturi |
| 7 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP | 1.8-5.5V ultra-low power oscillator da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙaraminAVR 0-, 1- da 2-jeri da megaAVR 0-jerin na'urori |
| 8 | OSC_LP_v10 (yanayi na yau da kullun) | 1.8-5.5V ultra-low power oscillator da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin jerin na'urorin AVR Dx. An saita Oscillator zuwa yanayin al'ada. |
| 9 | OSC_LP_v10 (yanayin rashin ƙarfi) | 1.8-5.5V ultra-low power oscillator da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin jerin na'urorin AVR Dx. An saita Oscillator zuwa yanayin ƙarancin ƙarfi. |
Lura
- Ba a amfani da megaAVR® 0-jeri ko kankaninAVR® 0-, 1- da 2-jeri.
Tebur 5-2. An ba da shawarar 32.768 kHz Crystals
| Mai sayarwa | Nau'in | Dutsen | Oscillator Modules An gwada kuma An Amince (Duba Table 5-1) | Haƙuri da yawa [±ppm] | Loda Capacitance [pF] | Daidaitawar Tsarin Juriya (ESR) [kΩ] |
| Microcrystal | Saukewa: CC7V-T1A | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20/100 | 7.0/9.0/12.5 | 50/70 |
| Abraham | Saukewa: ABS06 | SMD | 2 | 20 | 12.5 | 90 |
| Cardinal | Farashin CPFB | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Cardinal | Saukewa: CTF6 | TH | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Cardinal | Saukewa: CTF8 | TH | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Endrich Citizen | Saukewa: CFS206 | TH | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 35 |
| Endrich Citizen | Saukewa: CM315 | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 70 |
| Epson Tyocom | MC-306 | SMD | 1, 2, 3 | 20/50 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Fox | Farashin FSXLF | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 65 |
| Fox | Farashin FX135 | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 70 |
| Fox | Farashin FX122 | SMD | 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 90 |
| Fox | Farashin FSRLF | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| NDK | NX3215SA | SMD | 1, 2 , 3 | 20 | 12.5 | 80 |
| NDK | Saukewa: NX1610SE | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 6 | 50 |
| NDK | Saukewa: NX2012SE | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 | 20 | 6 | 50 |
| Seiko Instruments | Saukewa: SSP-T7-FL | SMD | 2, 3, 5 | 20 | 4.4/6/12.5 | 65 |
| Seiko Instruments | Saukewa: SSP-T7-F | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7/12.5 | 65 |
| Seiko Instruments | Saukewa: SC-32S | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 70 |
| Seiko Instruments | Saukewa: SC-32L | SMD | 4 | 20 | 7 | 40 |
| Seiko Instruments | Saukewa: SC-20S | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 70 |
| Seiko Instruments | Saukewa: SC-12S | SMD | 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 90 |
Lura:
- Ana iya samun lu'ulu'u tare da iyawar nauyi da yawa da zaɓuɓɓukan haƙurin mita. Tuntuɓi mai siyar da crystal don ƙarin bayani.
Oscillator Module Overview
Wannan sashe yana nuna jerin abubuwan da aka haɗa oscillators 32.768 kHz a cikin na'urorin Microchip megaAVR, tinyAVR, Dx, da XMEGA® daban-daban.
megaAVR® na'urorin
Table 6-1. megaAVR® na'urorin
| Na'ura | Module Oscillator |
| Saukewa: ATmega1280 | X32K_1v8 |
| Saukewa: ATmega1281 | X32K_1v8 |
| Saukewa: ATmega1284P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega128A | X32K_2v7 |
| Saukewa: ATmega128 | X32K_2v7 |
| Saukewa: ATmega1608 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega1609 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega162 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega164A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega164PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega164P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega165A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega165PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega165P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega168A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega168PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega168PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega168P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega168 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega169A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega169PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega169P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega169 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega16A | X32K_2v7 |
| Saukewa: ATmega16 | X32K_2v7 |
| Saukewa: ATmega2560 | X32K_1v8 |
| Saukewa: ATmega2561 | X32K_1v8 |
| Saukewa: ATmega3208 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega3209 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega324A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega324PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega324PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega324P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3250A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega3250PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega3250P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega325A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega325PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega325P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega328PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega328P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega328 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega3290A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega3290PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega3290P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega329A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega329PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega329P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega329 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega32A | X32K_2v7 |
| Saukewa: ATmega32 | X32K_2v7 |
| Saukewa: ATmega406 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega4808 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega4809 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega48A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega48PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega48PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega48P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega48 | X32K_1v8 |
| Saukewa: ATmega640 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega644A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega644PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega644P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6450A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega6450P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega645A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega645P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6490A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega6490P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega6490 | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega649A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega649P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega649 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega64A | X32K_2v7 |
| Saukewa: ATmega64 | X32K_2v7 |
| Saukewa: ATmega808 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega809 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega88A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega88PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega88PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega88P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| Saukewa: ATmega88 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega8A | X32K_2v7 |
| Saukewa: ATmega8 | X32K_2v7 |
kankanin na'urorin AVR®
Table 6-2. kankanin na'urorin AVR®
| Na'ura | Module Oscillator |
| Atin1604 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin1606 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin1607 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin1614 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin1616 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin1617 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin1624 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin1626 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin1627 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin202 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin204 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin212 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin214 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Farashin 2313A | X32K_1v8 |
| Farashin 24A | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin24 | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin25 | X32K_1v8 |
| Farashin 261A | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin261 | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin3216 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin3217 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin3224 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin3226 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin3227 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin402 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin404 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin406 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin412 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin414 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin416 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin417 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin424 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin426 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin427 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin4313 | X32K_1v8 |
| Farashin 44A | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin44 | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin45 | X32K_1v8 |
| Farashin 461A | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin461 | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin804 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin806 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin807 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin814 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin816 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin817 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin824 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin826 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Atin827 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| Farashin 84A | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin84 | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin85 | X32K_1v8 |
| Farashin 861A | X32K_1v8 |
| Atin861 | X32K_1v8 |
Na'urorin AVR® Dx
Table 6-3. Na'urorin AVR® Dx
| Na'ura | Module Oscillator |
| Saukewa: AVR128DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DA64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR32DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR32DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR32DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DA64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DB64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR32DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR32DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR32DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DB64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR128DD64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR32DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR32DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR32DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| Saukewa: AVR64DD64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
Na'urorin AVR® XMEGA®
Table 6-4. Na'urorin AVR® XMEGA®
| Na'ura | Module Oscillator |
| Saukewa: ATxmega128A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega128A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega128A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega128B1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega128B3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega128D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega128D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega16A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega16D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega192A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega192A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega192D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega256A3B | X32K_XRTC32 |
| Saukewa: ATxmega256A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega256D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega32A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega32D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega64A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega64A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega64A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega64B1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega64B3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega64D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| Saukewa: ATxmega64D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
Tarihin Bita
| Doc. Rev. | Kwanan wata | Sharhi |
| D | 05/2022 |
|
| C | 09/2021 |
|
| B | 09/2018 |
|
| A | 02/2018 |
|
| 8333E | 03/2015 |
|
| 8333D | 072011 | An sabunta jerin shawarwarin. |
| 8333C | 02/2011 | An sabunta jerin shawarwarin. |
| 8333B | 11/2010 | Sabuntawa da gyare-gyare da yawa. |
| 8333 A | 08/2010 | Bita na farko daftarin aiki. |
Bayanin Microchip
Microchip Website
Microchip yana ba da tallafin kan layi ta hanyar mu websaiti a www.microchip.com/. Wannan webana amfani da site don yin files da bayanai cikin sauƙin samuwa ga abokan ciniki. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ake samu sun haɗa da:
- Tallafin samfur - Taswirar bayanai da errata, bayanin kula da aikace-aikace da sampshirye-shirye, albarkatun ƙira, jagororin mai amfani da takaddun tallafi na hardware, sabbin fitattun software da software da aka adana
- Gabaɗaya Taimakon Fasaha - Tambayoyin da ake Yi akai-akai (FAQs), buƙatun tallafin fasaha, ƙungiyoyin tattaunawa kan layi, jerin membobin shirin abokan hulɗa na Microchip
- Kasuwancin Microchip - Mai zaɓin samfur da jagororin ba da oda, sabbin fitowar manema labarai na Microchip, jerin tarukan karawa juna sani da abubuwan da suka faru, jerin ofisoshin tallace-tallace na Microchip, masu rarrabawa da wakilan masana'anta
Sabis ɗin Sanarwa Canjin samfur
Sabis ɗin sanarwar canjin samfur na Microchip yana taimakawa abokan ciniki su kasance a halin yanzu akan samfuran Microchip. Masu biyan kuɗi za su karɓi sanarwar imel a duk lokacin da aka sami canje-canje, sabuntawa, bita ko ƙirƙira masu alaƙa da ƙayyadadden dangin samfur ko kayan aikin haɓaka na ban sha'awa.
Don yin rajista, je zuwa www.microchip.com/pcn kuma bi umarnin rajista.
Tallafin Abokin Ciniki
Masu amfani da samfuran Microchip na iya samun taimako ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- Mai Rarraba ko Wakili
- Ofishin Talla na Gida
- Injiniyan Magance Ciki (ESE)
- Goyon bayan sana'a
Abokan ciniki yakamata su tuntuɓi mai rarraba su, wakilin ko ESE don tallafi. Hakanan akwai ofisoshin tallace-tallace na gida don taimakawa abokan ciniki. An haɗa lissafin ofisoshin tallace-tallace da wurare a cikin wannan takarda.
Ana samun tallafin fasaha ta hanyar websaiti a: www.microchip.com/support
Siffar Kariyar Lambar Na'urorin Microchip
Kula da cikakkun bayanai masu zuwa na fasalin kariyar lambar akan samfuran Microchip:
- Samfuran Microchip sun haɗu da ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ke ƙunshe a cikin takamaiman takaddar bayanan Microchip ɗin su.
- Microchip ya yi imanin cewa dangin samfuran sa suna da tsaro lokacin da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar da aka yi niyya, cikin ƙayyadaddun aiki, da kuma ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun.
- Ƙimar Microchip kuma tana kare haƙƙin mallaka na fasaha da ƙarfi. Ƙoƙarin keta fasalulluka na kariyar lambar samfurin Microchip an haramta shi sosai kuma yana iya keta dokar haƙƙin mallaka na Millennium Digital.
- Babu Microchip ko duk wani masana'anta na semiconductor ba zai iya tabbatar da amincin lambar sa ba. Kariyar lambar ba yana nufin muna ba da garantin cewa samfurin “ba zai karye ba”. Kariyar lambar tana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Microchip ya himmatu don ci gaba da haɓaka fasalin kariyar lambar samfuranmu.
Sanarwa na Shari'a
Ana iya amfani da wannan ɗaba'ar da bayanin nan tare da samfuran Microchip kawai, gami da ƙira, gwadawa, da haɗa samfuran Microchip tare da aikace-aikacenku. Amfani da wannan bayanin ta kowace hanya ya saba wa waɗannan sharuɗɗan. Bayani game da aikace-aikacen na'ura an bayar da shi ne kawai don jin daɗin ku kuma ana iya maye gurbinsu da sabuntawa. Alhakin ku ne don tabbatar da cewa aikace-aikacenku ya dace da ƙayyadaddun bayananku. Tuntuɓi ofishin tallace-tallace na Microchip na gida don ƙarin tallafi ko, sami ƙarin tallafi a www.microchip.com/en-us/support/design-help/client-support-services.
WANNAN BAYANI AN BAYAR DA MICROCHIP "KAMAR YADDA". MICROCHIP BA YA YI WAKILI KO GARANTI KOWANE IRI KO BAYANI KO BAYANI, RUBUCE KO BAKI, Dokoki
KO IN BA haka ba, DANGANE DA BAYANIN HADA AMMA BAI IYA IYAKA GA WANI GARANTI BAYANIN KARYA, KYAUTATA, DA KWANTA GA MUSAMMAN MANUFAR, KO GARANTIN DA KE DANGANTA GA SHARUDINSA, ARZIKI.
BABU WANI FARKO MICROCHIP BA ZAI IYA HANNU GA DUK WATA BAYANI NA MUSAMMAN, HUKUNCI, MASU FARU, KO SAKAMAKON RASHI, LALATA, KUDI, KO KUDI NA KOWANE IRIN ABINDA YA DANGANE BAYANI KO SAMUN HANYAR AMFANINSA, ANA SHAWARAR DA YIWU KO LALACEWAR DA AKE SANYA. ZUWA CIKAKKIYAR DOKA, JAMA'AR DOKAR MICROCHIP A KAN DUK DA'AWA A KOWANE HANYA DAKE DANGANTA BAYANI KO AMFANINSA BA ZAI WUCE YAWAN KUDADE BA, IDAN WATA, CEWA KA BIYA GASKIYA GA GADON.
Amfani da na'urorin Microchip a cikin tallafin rayuwa da/ko aikace-aikacen aminci gabaɗaya yana cikin haɗarin mai siye, kuma mai siye ya yarda ya kare, ramuwa da riƙe Microchip mara lahani daga kowane lalacewa, iƙirari, dacewa, ko kashe kuɗi sakamakon irin wannan amfani. Ba a isar da lasisi, a fakaice ko akasin haka, ƙarƙashin kowane haƙƙin mallaka na Microchip sai dai in an faɗi haka.
Alamomin kasuwanci
Sunan Microchip da tambari, tambarin Microchip, Adaptec, AnyRate, AVR, tambarin AVR, AVR Freaks, Bes Time, Bit Cloud, Ƙwaƙwalwar Crypto, Crypto RF, dsPIC, flexPWR, HELDO, IGLOO, JukeBlox, KeeLoq, Kleer, LANCheck, LinkMD, maXStylus, maXTouch, Media LB, megaAVR, Microsemi, Microsemi logo, MAFI YAWAN tambari, MPLAB, OptoLyzer, PIC, picoPower, PICSTART, tambarin PIC32, PolarFire, Prochip Designer, QTouch, SAM-BA, Sengenuity, ST SpyNIC, SAM , SST Logo, SuperFlash, Symmetricom, SyncServer, Tachyon, TimeSource, tinyAVR, UNI/O, Vectron, da XMEGA alamun kasuwanci ne masu rijista na Microchip Technology Incorporated a cikin Amurka da sauran ƙasashe.
AgileSwitch, APT, ClockWorks, Kamfanin Haɓaka Sarrafa Sarrafa, EtherSynch, Flashtec, Sarrafa Saurin Saurin, HyperLight Load, Intelli MOS, Libero, motorBench, m Touch, Powermite 3, Daidaitaccen Edge, ProASIC, ProASIC Plus, Tambarin ProASIC Plus, Shuru- Waya, Smart Fusion, Duniyar Sync, Temux, Time Cesium, TimeHub, TimePictra, Mai Ba da Lokaci, TrueTime, WinPath, da ZL alamun kasuwanci ne masu rijista na Microchip Technology Incorporated a cikin Amurka
Maɓallin Maɓalli na kusa, AKS, Analog-for-da-Digital Age, Duk wani Capacitor, AnyIn, AnyOut, Canjin Ƙarfafa, Blue Sky, Body Com, Code Guard, CryptoAuthentication, Crypto Automotive, CryptoCompanion, CryptoController, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, Dynamic Matsakaicin Matching, DAM, ECAN, Espresso T1S, EtherGREEN, GridTime, Ideal Bridge, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, INICnet, Daidaitawar hankali, Haɗin Chip Inter-Chip, JitterBlocker, Knob-on-Nuna, maxCrypto, maxView, memBrain, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, Tambarin Tambarin MPLAB, MPLIB, MPLINK, MultiTRAK, NetDetach, NVM Express, NVMe, Ƙwararren Code Generation, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, PowerSmart, PureSilicon, QMatrix, REUTERS , Ripple Blocker, RTAX, RTG4, SAM-ICE, Serial Quad I/O, simpleMAP, SimpliPHY, Smar tBuffer, SmartHLS, SMART-IS, storClad, SQI, SuperSwitcher, SuperSwitcher II, Switchtec, SynchroPHY, Total Jimiri, TSHARC, USBCheck , VariSense, VectorBlox, VeriPHY, ViewSpan, WiperLock, XpressConnect, da ZENA alamun kasuwanci ne na Microchip Technology Incorporated a cikin Amurka da sauran ƙasashe.
SQTP alamar sabis ce ta Microchip Technology Incorporated a cikin Amurka
Alamar Adaptec, Mitar Buƙatu, Fasahar Adana Silicon, Symmcom, da Amintaccen Lokaci alamun kasuwanci ne masu rijista na Microchip Technology Inc. a wasu ƙasashe.
GestIC alamar kasuwanci ce mai rijista ta Microchip Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. KG, reshen Microchip Technology Inc., a wasu ƙasashe.
Duk sauran alamun kasuwanci da aka ambata a nan mallakin kamfanoninsu ne.
© 2022, Microchip Technology Incorporated da rassanta. Duka Hakkoki.
- ISBN: 978-1-6683-0405-1
Tsarin Gudanar da inganci
Don bayani game da Tsarin Gudanar da Ingancin Microchip, da fatan za a ziyarci www.microchip.com/quality.
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