MICROCHIP AN2648 Xaiv thiab Ntsuas 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators rau AVR Microcontrollers
Taw qhia
Cov kws sau ntawv: Torbjørn Kjørlaug thiab Amund Aune, Microchip Technology Inc.
Daim ntawv thov no qhia txog cov hauv paus siv lead ua, kev txiav txim siab ntawm PCB layout, thiab yuav ua li cas kuaj lub siv lead ua hauv koj daim ntawv thov. Daim ntawv qhia txog kev xaiv siv lead ua qhia pom pom cov khoom siv lead ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab pom tias tsim nyog rau ntau lub oscillator modules hauv Microchip AVR® cov tsev neeg sib txawv. Test firmware thiab cov ntaub ntawv xeem los ntawm ntau tus neeg muag khoom siv lead ua suav nrog.
Nta
- Crystal Oscillator Basics
- PCB Design Considerations
- Testing Crystal Robustness
- Test Firmware suav nrog
- Crystal Recommendation Guide
Crystal Oscillator Basics
Taw qhia
Lub siv lead ua oscillator siv lub tshuab resonance ntawm cov khoom siv vibrating piezoelectric los tsim lub teeb liab moos ruaj khov. Qhov zaus feem ntau yog siv los muab lub teeb liab moos ruaj khov lossis ua raws sijhawm; Yog li ntawd, siv lead ua oscillators tau dav siv hauv xov tooj cua zaus (RF) daim ntawv thov thiab lub sij hawm-sensitive digital circuits.
Crystals yog muaj los ntawm ntau tus neeg muag khoom hauv cov duab sib txawv thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Nkag siab txog qhov tsis muaj thiab oscillator Circuit Court yog qhov tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv thov muaj zog ruaj khov ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub, av noo, lub zog, thiab cov txheej txheem.
Tag nrho cov khoom siv lub cev muaj qhov zaus ntawm kev vibration, qhov twg lub vibrating zaus txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov duab, qhov loj, elasticity, thiab ceev ntawm lub suab hauv cov khoom. Cov khoom siv piezoelectric distorts thaum siv hluav taws xob thiab tsim hluav taws xob thaum nws rov qab los rau nws qhov qub. Cov khoom siv piezoelectric feem ntau siv
nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob circuits yog quartz siv lead ua, tab sis ceramic resonators kuj yog siv - feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov nqi qis los yog tsawg dua lub sij hawm tseem ceeb heev. 32.768 kHz crystals feem ntau yog txiav nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug tuning diav rawg. Nrog quartz siv lead ua, qhov tseeb heev tuaj yeem tsim tau.
Daim duab 1-1. Cov duab ntawm 32.768 kHz Tuning Fork Crystal
Oscillator
Barkhausen cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg yog ob yam uas siv los txiav txim siab thaum twg hluav taws xob Circuit Court yuav oscillate. Lawv hais tias yog A yog qhov nce ntawm qhov amplifying cov khoom nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob Circuit Court thiab β (jω) yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj kev tawm tswv yim, cov oscillations tsis tu ncua yuav raug txhawb nqa tsuas yog ntawm cov zaus uas:
- Lub voj nce yog sib npaug rau kev sib koom ua ke hauv qhov loj, |βA| = 1
- Cov theem hloov nyob ib ncig ntawm lub voj yog xoom lossis tus lej ntau ntawm 2π, piv txwv li, ∠βA = 2πn rau n ∈ 0, 1, 2, 3…
Thawj qhov kev ntsuas yuav ua kom muaj qhov tsis tu ncua ampteeb liab. Tus lej tsawg dua 1 yuav ua rau lub teeb liab, thiab tus lej ntau dua 1 yuav ampliify lub teeb liab rau infinity. Qhov thib ob qhov kev ntsuas yuav ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov. Rau lwm cov theem hloov qhov tseem ceeb, sine yoj tso zis yuav raug muab tso tseg vim lub voj kev tawm tswv yim.
Daim duab 1-2. Rov qab Loop
Lub 32.768 kHz oscillator nyob rau hauv Microchip AVR microcontrollers yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 1-3 thiab muaj ib tug inverting
amplifier (internal) thiab crystal (sab nraud). Capacitors (CL1 thiab CL2) sawv cev rau sab hauv parasitic capacitance. Qee cov khoom siv AVR kuj tseem tuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom ntim sab hauv, uas tuaj yeem siv los txo cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud, nyob ntawm cov siv lead ua siv.
Lub inverting amplifier muab π radian (180 degrees) theem hloov. Qhov seem π radian theem hloov yog muab los ntawm cov siv lead ua thiab lub peev xwm thauj khoom ntawm 32.768 kHz, ua rau tag nrho theem hloov ntawm 2π radian. Thaum lub sij hawm start-up, lub amplifier tso zis yuav nce mus txog rau qhov ruaj khov-xeev oscillation tau tsim nrog lub voj nce ntawm 1, ua rau Barkhausen cov txheej txheem ua tiav. Qhov no yog tswj tau los ntawm AVR microcontroller's oscillator circuitry.
Daim duab 1-3. Pierce Crystal Oscillator Circuit nyob rau hauv AVR® Devices (simplified)
Hluav taws xob qauv
Qhov sib npaug hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov siv lead ua yog pom hauv daim duab 1-4. series RLC network yog hu ua lub caj npab txav thiab muab cov lus piav qhia hluav taws xob ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov siv lead ua, qhov C1 sawv cev rau qhov elasticity ntawm quartz, L1 sawv cev rau qhov vibrating loj, thiab R1 sawv cev rau kev poob vim damphauv. C0 yog hu ua shunt lossis static capacitance thiab yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov hluav taws xob parasitic capacitance vim yog siv lead ua vaj tse thiab electrodes. Yog ib
capacitance meter yog siv los ntsuas qhov siv lead ua capacitance, tsuas yog C0 yuav ntsuas (C1 yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig).
Daim duab 1-4. Crystal Oscillator sib npaug Circuit Court
Los ntawm kev siv Laplace hloov pauv, ob lub suab nrov tuaj yeem pom hauv lub network no. Lub series resonant
zaus, fs, tsuas yog nyob ntawm C1 thiab L1. Lub parallel lossis anti-resonant zaus, fp, kuj suav nrog C0. Saib daim duab 1-5 rau qhov reactance vs. zaus yam ntxwv.
Kev sib npaug 1-1. Series Resonant zaus
Kev sib npaug 1-2. Parallel Resonant zaus
Daim duab 1-5. Crystal Reactance yam ntxwv
Crystals qis dua 30 MHz tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm txhua zaus ntawm cov koob thiab cov khoom sib txuas sib txuas, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv yog inductive hauv kev ua haujlwm. High-frequency crystals saum 30 MHz feem ntau yog ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaus resonant zaus los yog overtone zaus, uas tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov ntau zaus. Ntxiv lub peev xwm thauj khoom, CL, rau cov siv lead ua yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntau zaus muab los ntawm Equation 1-3. Cov siv lead ua zaus tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov load capacitance, thiab qhov no yog hu ua zaus rub.
Kev sib npaug 1-3. Hloov Parallel Resonant zaus
Sib Nqus Series Ua Si (ESR)
Qhov sib npaug series tsis kam (ESR) yog ib qho hluav taws xob sawv cev ntawm cov siv lead ua cov khoom poob. Nyob rau hauv series
resonant zaus, fs, nws yog sib npaug rau R1 hauv cov qauv hluav taws xob. ESR yog ib qho tseem ceeb parameter thiab tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua. ESR feem ntau yuav yog nyob ntawm cov siv lead ua lub cev loj, qhov twg cov pob zeb me me
(tshwj xeeb tshaj yog SMD crystals) feem ntau muaj kev poob siab dua thiab ESR qhov tseem ceeb tshaj cov muaju loj.
Cov txiaj ntsig ESR siab dua ua rau muaj kev thauj khoom ntau dua ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv amplifier. ESR siab dhau tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua haujlwm oscillator tsis ruaj khov. Kev sib sau ua ke tuaj yeem, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab Barkhausen cov txheej txheem yuav tsis ua tiav.
Q-Factor thiab Stability
Lub siv lead ua qhov kev ruaj ntseg yog muab los ntawm Q-factor. Q-factor yog qhov sib piv ntawm lub zog khaws cia hauv cov siv lead ua thiab cov lej ntawm tag nrho cov kev poob zog. Feem ntau, quartz muaju muaj Q hauv thaj tsam ntawm 10,000 txog 100,000, piv rau tej zaum 100 rau LC oscillator. Ceramic resonators muaj qis Q dua li quartz siv lead ua thiab muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom thauj khoom.
Kev sib npaug 1-4. Q-Factor
Ntau yam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov kev ruaj ntseg: Cov neeg kho tshuab kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhim kho, kev poob siab lossis kev co kev ntxhov siab, kev hloov pauv hauv lub zog, kev thauj khoom impedance, kub, sib nqus thiab hluav taws xob, thiab siv lead ua aging. Cov neeg muag khoom siv lead ua feem ntau sau cov kev txwv no hauv lawv cov ntaub ntawv.
Lub Sijhawm Pib-Up
Thaum pib-up, inverting ampua neej nyob ampua suab nrov. Crystal yuav ua raws li lub lim bandpass thiab pub rov qab tsuas yog siv lead ua resonance zaus tivthaiv, uas yog tom qab ntawd ampliified. Ua ntej ua tiav cov oscillation tsis tu ncua, lub voj nce ntawm cov siv lead ua / inverting amplifier voj yog ntau tshaj 1 thiab lub teeb liab amplitude yuav nce. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev oscillation tsis tu ncua, lub voj nce yuav ua tiav cov txheej txheem Barkhausen nrog lub voj nce ntawm 1, thiab tas li amptoj siab.
Cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm pib:
- High-ESR crystals yuav pib qeeb dua li qis-ESR crystals
- High Q-factor crystals yuav pib qeeb dua li qis Q-factor crystals
- High load capacitance yuav nce lub sij hawm pib
- Oscillator amplifier tsav muaj peev xwm (saib cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm kev tso nyiaj oscillator hauv Tshooj 3.2, Kev Ntsuas Tsis Zoo thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb)
Tsis tas li ntawd, siv lead ua zaus yuav cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm (cov khoom siv lead ua sai yuav pib sai dua), tab sis qhov ntsuas no tau kho rau 32.768 kHz crystals.
Daim duab 1-6. Pib-Up ntawm Crystal Oscillator
Kub Tolerance
Feem ntau cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau ntsia hlau feem ntau yog txiav mus rau nruab nrab ntawm qhov nominal zaus ntawm 25 ° C. Tshaj thiab qis dua 25 ° C, qhov zaus yuav txo qis nrog cov yam ntxwv parabolic, raws li pom hauv daim duab 1-7. Kev hloov zaus yog muab los ntawm
Qhov sib npaug 1-5, qhov twg f0 yog lub hom phiaj zaus ntawm T0 (feem ntau 32.768 kHz ntawm 25 ° C) thiab B yog qhov kub coefficient muab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua (feem ntau yog tus lej tsis zoo).
Kev sib npaug 1-5. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Temperature Variation
Daim duab 1-7. Qhov kub thiab txias vs. Zaus yam ntxwv ntawm Crystal
Tsav zog
Lub zog ntawm cov siv lead ua tsav Circuit Court txiav txim cov yam ntxwv ntawm sine yoj tawm ntawm cov siv lead ua oscillator. Lub sine yoj yog qhov ncaj qha nkag mus rau hauv lub moos digital input tus pin ntawm microcontroller. Qhov sine yoj no yuav tsum tau yooj yim hla cov tswv yim yam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab siab tshaj voltage theem ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb siv lead ua tus pin input thaum tsis raug clipped, flattened los yog distorted ntawm lub ncov. Tsawg heev sine wave amplitude qhia tau hais tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hnyav dhau rau tus neeg tsav tsheb, ua rau muaj peev xwm oscillation tsis ua hauj lwm los yog tsis raug ntau zaus input. siab dhau lawm amplitude txhais tau hais tias lub voj nce siab dhau lawm thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov siv lead ua dhia mus rau qib siab dua los yog kev puas tsuaj mus tas li rau cov siv lead ua.
Txiav txim siab cov khoom siv lead ua cov khoom tso tawm los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas XTAL1 / TOSC1 tus pin voltage. Nco ntsoov tias qhov kev sojntsuam txuas nrog XTAL1 / TOSC1 ua rau ntxiv cov kab mob parasitic, uas yuav tsum tau suav rau.
Lub voj nce yog qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm voltage (VDD). Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias tus yam ntxwv tsav yuav tsum ntsuas qhov kub siab tshaj plaws thiab qis tshaj VDD, thiab qhov kub thiab txias siab tshaj VDD uas daim ntawv thov tau teev tseg los ua haujlwm.
Xaiv lub siv lead ua nrog qis ESR lossis capacitive load yog tias lub voj nce qis dhau. Yog tias lub voj nce siab dhau lawm, ib qho kev tawm tsam, RS, tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv Circuit Court kom txo qis cov teeb liab tawm. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog tus example ntawm ib qho yooj yim siv lead ua tsav Circuit Court nrog ib qho ntxiv series resistor (RS) ntawm cov zis ntawm XTAL2 / TOSC2 tus pin.
Daim duab 1-8. Crystal Tsav nrog Ntxiv Series Resistor
PCB Layout thiab tsim kev txiav txim siab
Txawm tias qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws oscillator circuits thiab cov khoom siv lead ua zoo yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo yog tias tsis ua tib zoo xav txog cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv thaum sib dhos. Ultra-tsawg zog 32.768 kHz oscillators feem ntau dissipate ho qis dua 1 μW, yog li tam sim no ntws hauv Circuit Court me me heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov siv lead ua zaus yog nyob ntawm qhov load capacitive.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog ntawm oscillator, cov lus qhia no tau pom zoo thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa PCB:
- Cov kab hluav taws xob los ntawm XTAL1 / TOSC1 thiab XTAL2 / TOSC2 mus rau cov siv lead ua yuav tsum yog luv li sai tau kom txo tau cov kab mob parasitic capacitance thiab nce suab nrov thiab kev tiv thaiv crosstalk. Tsis txhob siv lub qhov (socket).
- Tiv thaiv cov siv lead ua thiab cov kab teeb liab los ntawm ib puag ncig nws nrog lub dav hlau hauv av thiab lub nplhaib tiv thaiv
- Tsis txhob hla cov kab digital, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab moos, ze rau cov kab siv lead ua. Rau multilayer PCB boards, zam routing signals hauv qab cov kab siv lead ua.
- Siv cov khoom zoo PCB thiab cov khoom siv soldering
- Plua plav thiab av noo yuav ua rau kom cov kab mob parasitic capacitance thiab txo cov teeb liab cais, yog li kev tiv thaiv txheej raug pom zoo.
Test Crystal Oscillation Robustness
Taw qhia
AVR microcontroller's 32.768 kHz siv lead ua oscillator tsav tsheb tau zoo rau kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab yog li
siv lead ua tsav lub zog yog txwv. Overloading tus neeg tsav tsheb siv lead ua tuaj yeem ua rau lub oscillator tsis pib, lossis nws yuav
raug cuam tshuam (tso tseg ib ntus, piv txwv liample) vim yog lub suab nrov nrov los yog nce lub peev xwm load tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib kis los yog qhov sib thooj ntawm tes.
Saib xyuas thaum xaiv thiab kuaj cov siv lead ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj zog hauv koj daim ntawv thov. Cov siv lead ua ob qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov sib npaug Series Resistance (ESR) thiab Load Capacitance (CL).
Thaum ntsuas cov muaju, cov siv lead ua yuav tsum muab tso rau ze li sai tau rau 32.768 kHz oscillator pins kom txo tau cov kab mob cab. Feem ntau, peb ib txwm pom zoo ua qhov ntsuas hauv koj daim ntawv thov zaum kawg. Ib qho kev cai PCB qauv uas muaj tsawg kawg yog microcontroller thiab siv lead ua Circuit Court kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem raug. Rau kev sim thawj zaug ntawm cov siv lead ua, siv cov khoom siv txhim kho lossis cov khoom pib (piv txwv li, STK600) yuav txaus.
Peb tsis pom zoo kom txuas cov siv lead ua rau XTAL / TOSC tso zis headers ntawm qhov kawg ntawm STK600, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3-1, vim hais tias txoj kev teeb liab yuav ua rau lub suab nrov heev thiab yog li ntxiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxiv. Soldering cov siv lead ua ncaj qha mus rau cov hlau lead, txawm li cas los xij, yuav muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxiv los ntawm lub qhov (socket) thiab cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm STK600, peb pom zoo kom khoov XTAL / TOSC coj mus rau sab saud, raws li pom hauv daim duab 3-2 thiab daim duab 3-3, yog li lawv tsis txhob kov lub qhov (socket). Crystals nrog leads (lub qhov mounted) yog yooj yim rau lis, tab sis nws kuj tseem ua tau rau solder SMD ncaj qha mus rau XTAL / TOSC coj los ntawm kev siv tus pin extensions, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 3-4. Soldering crystals rau pob khoom nrog nqaim lub suab kuj ua tau, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3-5, tab sis yog me ntsis trickier thiab yuav tsum tau siv tes khov kho.
Daim duab 3-1. STK600 Test Setup
Raws li lub peev xwm thauj khoom yuav muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau oscillator, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob soj ntsuam cov siv lead ua ncaj qha tshwj tsis yog tias koj muaj cov khoom siv zoo rau kev ntsuas siv lead ua. Standard 10X oscilloscope probes impose loading ntawm 10-15 pF thiab yog li yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ntsuas. Kov cov pins ntawm cov siv lead ua nrog tus ntiv tes lossis 10X kev sojntsuam tuaj yeem txaus los pib lossis nres oscillations lossis muab cov txiaj ntsig tsis tseeb. Firmware rau tso tawm lub moos teeb liab mus rau tus qauv I/O tus pin yog nkag nrog rau daim ntawv thov no. Tsis zoo li XTAL / TOSC input pins, I / O pins teeb tsa raws li cov khoom tawm tuaj yeem raug soj ntsuam nrog tus qauv 10X oscilloscope probes yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ntsuas. Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv tuaj yeem pom hauv Tshooj 4, Test Firmware.
Daim duab 3-2. Crystal Soldered ncaj qha rau Bent XTAL / TOSC Leads
Daim duab 3-3. Crystal Soldered hauv STK600 Qhov (socket).
Daim duab 3-4. SMD Crystal Soldered ncaj qha rau MCU siv Pin Extensions
Daim duab 3-5. Crystal Soldered rau 100-Pin TQFP Pob nrog Narrow Pin Pitch
Kev Ntsuas Tsis Zoo thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb
Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tsis zoo pom cov npoo ntawm cov siv lead ua amplifier load siv nyob rau hauv koj daim ntawv thov thiab lub siab tshaj plaws load. Thaum max load, lub amplifier yuav choke, thiab oscillations yuav nres. Cov ntsiab lus no yog hu ua oscillator allowance (OA). Nrhiav qhov nyiaj pub oscillator los ntawm kev ntxiv ib ntus ntxiv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov resistor ntawm cov amplifier tso zis (XTAL2/TOSC2) txhuas thiab cov siv lead ua, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3-6. Ua kom lub series resistor kom txog thaum lub siv lead ua tsis oscillating. Qhov nyiaj pub dawb oscillator yuav yog cov lej ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam no, RMAX, thiab ESR. Siv lub potentiometer nrog ntau yam tsawg kawg nkaus ESR < RPOT < 5 ESR yog pom zoo.
Nrhiav qhov tseeb RMAX tus nqi tuaj yeem yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis vim tias tsis muaj qhov tseeb oscillator qhov nyiaj pub dawb. Ua ntej oscillator nres, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov txo qis zaus, thiab kuj tseem yuav muaj qhov pib-nres hysteresis. Tom qab lub oscillator nres, koj yuav tsum tau txo tus nqi RMAX los ntawm 10-50 kΩ ua ntej oscillations rov pib dua. Lub zog cycling yuav tsum tau ua txhua zaus tom qab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov resistor nce. RMAX yuav yog tus nqi resistor qhov twg oscillator tsis pib tom qab lub zog caij tsheb kauj vab. Nco ntsoov tias lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm yuav ntev heev ntawm qhov kev tso cai oscillator, yog li ua siab ntev.
Kev sib npaug 3-1. Oscillator Allowance
OA = RMAX + ESR
Daim duab 3-6. Ntsuas Oscillator Allowance / RMAX
Kev siv cov potentiometer zoo uas tsis tshua muaj kab mob parasitic tau pom zoo (xws li SMD potentiometer haum rau RF) kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo oscillator nyiaj pub dawb / RMAX nrog tus nqi pheej yig potentiometer, koj yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Thaum nrhiav qhov siab tshaj plaws series tsis kam, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov sib npaug 3-2. Ntau yam MCU thiab cov neeg muag khoom siv lead ua ua haujlwm nrog cov lus pom zoo txog kev nyab xeeb sib txawv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev nyab xeeb ntxiv cov npoo rau ib qho kev tsis zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv xws li oscillator amplifier nce, kev hloov pauv vim qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab qhov kub thiab txias, txheej txheem variations, thiab load capacitance. 32.768 kHz oscillator amplifier ntawm AVR microcontrollers yog qhov kub thiab lub zog them nyiaj. Yog li los ntawm qhov muaj qhov sib txawv no ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, peb tuaj yeem txo cov kev xav tau ntawm kev nyab xeeb piv rau lwm cov tuam txhab MCU / IC. Cov lus pom zoo txog kev nyab xeeb muaj nyob hauv Table 3-1.
Kev sib npaug 3-2. Safety Factor
Daim duab 3-7. Series Potentiometer nruab nrab ntawm XTAL2 / TOSC2 Pin thiab Crystal
Daim duab 3-8. Kev Ntsuas Nyiaj Txiag hauv qhov (socket).
Table 3-1. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb
| Kev Qhia Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb | Kev pom zoo |
| >5 | Zoo heev |
| 4 | Zoo heev |
| 3 | Zoo |
| <3 | Tsis pom zoo |
Ntsuas Qhov Zoo Load Capacitance
Cov siv lead ua zaus yog nyob ntawm qhov kev siv lub peev xwm, raws li qhia los ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm 1-2. Kev siv lub peev xwm thauj khoom tau teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua yuav muab qhov zaus ze rau qhov nominal zaus ntawm 32.768 kHz. Yog hais tias lwm yam loads capacitive siv, zaus yuav hloov. Qhov zaus yuav nce ntxiv yog tias lub peev xwm thauj khoom tau txo qis thiab yuav txo qis yog tias cov khoom thauj tau nce ntxiv, raws li pom hauv daim duab 3-9.
Qhov zaus rub-muaj peev xwm los yog bandwidth, uas yog, deb npaum li cas los ntawm nominal zaus lub resonant zaus yuav raug yuam los ntawm kev thov load, nyob ntawm Q-factor ntawm lub resonator. Lub bandwidth yog muab los ntawm nominal zaus muab faib los ntawm Q-factor, thiab rau high-Q quartz crystals, lub bandwidth usable yog txwv. Yog hais tias qhov ntsuas zaus deviates los ntawm nominal zaus, lub oscillator yuav tsis muaj zog. Qhov no yog vim lub attenuation ntau dua nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim voj β (jω) uas yuav ua rau ib tug ntau dua loading ntawm lub amplifier A kom ua tiav kev sib koom siab (saib daim duab 1-2).
Kev sib npaug 3-3. Bandwidth
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo ntawm kev ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo (qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom thiab cov kab mob cab) yog ntsuas qhov zaus oscillator thiab muab piv rau qhov nominal zaus ntawm 32.768 kHz. Yog hais tias qhov ntsuas zaus nyob ze rau 32.768 kHz, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub peev xwm yuav nyob ze rau qhov tshwj xeeb. Ua qhov no los ntawm kev siv lub firmware muab nrog daim ntawv thov no thiab tus qauv 10X qhov kev sojntsuam ntawm lub moos tso tawm ntawm tus pin I / O, lossis, yog tias muaj, ntsuas cov siv lead ua ncaj qha nrog lub siab-impedance sojntsuam npaj rau kev ntsuas siv lead ua. Saib Tshooj 4, Test Firmware, kom paub meej ntxiv.
Daim duab 3-9. Zaus vs. Load Capacitance
Qhov sib npaug 3-4 muab tag nrho cov load capacitance yam tsis muaj lwm tus capacitors. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud (CEL1 thiab CEL2) yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv kom haum rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tau teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua. Yog tias siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud, qhov sib npaug 3-5 muab tag nrho cov peev txheej capacitive.
Kev sib npaug 3-4. Tag nrho Capacitive Load tsis muaj Sab Nraud Capacitors
Kev sib npaug 3-5. Tag nrho Capacitive Load nrog Sab Nraud Capacitor
Daim duab 3-10. Crystal Circuit nrog Internal, Parasitic, thiab External Capacitor
Test Firmware
Test firmware rau outputting lub moos teeb liab mus rau ib qho chaw nres nkoj I/O uas tej zaum yuav loaded nrog tus qauv 10X sojntsuam muaj nyob rau hauv lub .zip file faib nrog daim ntawv thov no. Tsis txhob ntsuas cov siv lead ua electrodes ncaj qha yog tias koj tsis muaj qhov ntsuas impedance siab heev rau kev ntsuas.
Sau cov code qhov chaw thiab program lub .hex file rau hauv lub cuab yeej.
Thov VCC nyob rau hauv qhov kev khiav hauj lwm ntau yam teev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv, txuas cov siv lead ua ntawm XTAL1 / TOSC1 thiab XTAL2 / TOSC2, thiab ntsuas lub moos teeb liab ntawm cov zis pin.
Cov zis tus pin sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv. Cov pins raug yog teev hauv qab no.
- ATmega128: Lub moos teeb liab yog tso tawm rau PB4, thiab nws zaus muab faib los ntawm 2. Qhov kev cia siab tso zis zaus yog 16.384 kHz.
- ATmega328P: Lub moos teeb liab yog tso tawm rau PD6, thiab nws zaus muab faib los ntawm 2. Qhov kev cia siab tso tawm zaus yog 16.384 kHz.
- ATtiny817: Lub moos teeb liab tso tawm rau PB5, thiab nws zaus tsis muab faib. Qhov kev cia siab tso zis zaus yog 32.768 kHz.
- ATtiny85: Lub moos teeb liab yog tso tawm rau PB1, thiab nws zaus muab faib los ntawm 2. Qhov kev cia siab tso zis zaus yog 16.384 kHz.
- ATxmega128A1: Lub moos teeb liab yog tso tawm rau PC7, thiab nws zaus tsis muab faib. Qhov kev cia siab tso zis zaus yog 32.768 kHz.
- ATxmega256A3B: Lub moos teeb liab yog tso tawm rau PC7, thiab nws zaus tsis muab faib. Qhov kev cia siab tso zis zaus yog 32.768 kHz.
- PIC18F25Q10: Lub moos teeb liab yog tso tawm rau RA6, thiab nws zaus yog muab faib los ntawm 4. Qhov kev cia siab tso zis zaus yog 8.192 kHz.
Tseem ceeb: PIC18F25Q10 tau siv los ua tus sawv cev ntawm AVR Dx series ntaus ntawv thaum kuaj cov khoom siv lead ua. Nws siv OSC_LP_v10 oscillator module, uas yog tib yam li siv los ntawm AVR Dx series.
Crystal Cov lus pom zoo
Table 5-2 qhia txog kev xaiv cov muaju uas tau sim thiab pom tias tsim nyog rau ntau yam AVR microcontrollers.
Tseem ceeb: Txij li thaum muaj ntau lub microcontrollers sib koom oscillator modules, tsuas yog xaiv cov khoom sawv cev microcontroller tau raug kuaj los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom siv lead ua. Saib cov files faib nrog daim ntawv thov kom pom cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua. Saib tshooj 6. Oscillator Module Overview rau ib qho dhauview ntawm cov khoom siv microcontroller siv qhov twg oscillator module.
Siv siv lead ua-MCU ua ke los ntawm cov lus hauv qab no yuav ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab tau txais kev pom zoo rau cov neeg siv uas tsis tshua muaj kev txawj ntse siv lead ua. Txawm hais tias siv lead ua-MCU kev sib xyaw ua ke raug sim los ntawm cov kws paub txog siv lead ua oscillator ntawm ntau cov neeg muag khoom siv lead ua, peb tseem pom zoo kom sim koj tus qauv tsim raws li tau piav qhia hauv Tshooj 3, Kev Ntsuas Crystal Oscillation Robustness, kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj teeb meem tau qhia thaum lub sij hawm layout, soldering. , lwm.
Table 5-1 qhia cov npe ntawm qhov sib txawv oscillator modules. Tshooj 6, Oscillator Module Tshajview, muaj cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv uas cov modules suav nrog.
Table 5-1. Tshajview ntawm Oscillators hauv AVR® Devices
| # | Oscillator Module | Kev piav qhia |
| 1 | X32K_2v 7 | 2.7-5.5V oscillator siv hauv megaAVR® li (1) |
| 2 | X32K_1v 8 | 1.8-5.5V oscillator siv hauv megaAVR / tinyAVR® cov khoom siv (1) |
| 3 | X32K_1v8_ULP | 1.8-3.6V ultra-low zog oscillator siv hauv megaAVR / tinyAVR picoPower® li |
| 4 | X32K_XMEGA (zoo li qub) | 1.6-3.6V ultra-low zog oscillator siv hauv XMEGA® li. Oscillator configured rau ib txwm hom. |
| 5 | X32K_XMEGA (low-power mode) | 1.6-3.6V ultra-low zog oscillator siv hauv XMEGA li. Oscillator configured rau low-power hom. |
| 6 | X32K_XRTC32 | 1.6-3.6V ultra-low zog RTC oscillator siv hauv XMEGA li nrog roj teeb thaub qab |
| 7 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP | 1.8-5.5V ultra-low zog oscillator siv hauv me me AVR 0-, 1- thiab 2-series thiab megaAVR 0-series li |
| 8 | OSC_LP_v10 (hom qub) | 1.8-5.5V ultra-low zog oscillator siv hauv AVR Dx series li. Oscillator configured rau ib txwm hom. |
| 9 | OSC_LP_v10 (low-power mode) | 1.8-5.5V ultra-low zog oscillator siv hauv AVR Dx series li. Oscillator configured rau low-power hom. |
Nco tseg
- Tsis siv nrog megaAVR® 0-series lossis tinyAVR® 0-, 1- thiab 2-series.
Table 5-2. Pom zoo 32.768 kHz Crystals
| Tus neeg muag khoom | Hom | Mount | Oscillator Modules Kuaj thiab pom zoo (Saib Table 5-1) | Zaus kam rau ua [± ppm] | Thauj khoom Capacitance [pF] | Sib npaug Series Resistance (ESR) [kΩ] |
| Microcrystal | CC7V-T1A | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20/100 | 7.0/9.0/12.5 | 50/70 |
| Abracon | ABS 06 | SMD | 2 | 20 | 12.5 | 90 |
| Cardinal | CPFB | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Cardinal | TSO 6 | TH | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Cardinal | TSO 8 | TH | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Endrich Citizen | CFS 206 | TH | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 35 |
| Endrich Citizen | ib CM315 | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 70 |
| Epson Tyocom | MC-306 Nws | SMD | 1, 2, 3 ib | 20/50 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Fox | FSXLF | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 65 |
| Fox | FX 135 Nws | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 70 |
| Fox | FX 122 Nws | SMD | 2, 3, 4 ib | 20 | 12.5 | 90 |
| Fox | FSRLF | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| NDK | NX3215SA | SMD | 1, 2, 3 | 20 | 12.5 | 80 |
| NDK | NX1610SE | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 6 | 50 |
| NDK | NX2012SE | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 | 20 | 6 | 50 |
| Seiko Instruments | SSP-T7-FL | SMD | 2, 3, 5 ib | 20 | 4.4/6/12.5 | 65 |
| Seiko Instruments | SSP-T7-F | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7/12.5 | 65 |
| Seiko Instruments | SC-32 S | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 70 |
| Seiko Instruments | TSW-32L | SMD | 4 | 20 | 7 | 40 |
| Seiko Instruments | SC-20 S | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 70 |
| Seiko Instruments | SC-12 S | SMD | 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, tau | 20 | 7 | 90 |
Nco tseg:
- Crystals tej zaum yuav muaj nrog ntau yam load capacitance thiab zaus kam rau ua. Hu rau tus neeg muag khoom siv lead ua kom paub ntau ntxiv.
Oscillator Module dhauview
Tshooj lus no qhia cov npe uas 32.768 kHz oscillators suav nrog ntau yam Microchip megaAVR, tinyAVR, Dx, thiab XMEGA® cov khoom siv.
megaAVR® Devices
Table 6-1. megaAVR® Devices
| Ntaus ntawv | Oscillator Module |
| TIAB SA 1280 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TIAB SA 1281 | X32K_1v 8 |
| ATmega 1284 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TSI 128A | X32K_2v 7 |
| TIAB SA 128 | X32K_2v 7 |
| TIAB SA 1608 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TIAB SA 1609 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TIAB SA 162 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TSI 164A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 164 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 164 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TSI 165A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 165 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 165 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TSI 168A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 168 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 168 PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 168 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TIAB SA 168 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TSI 169A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 169 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 169 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TIAB SA 169 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TSI 16A | X32K_2v 7 |
| TIAB SA 16 | X32K_2v 7 |
| TIAB SA 2560 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TIAB SA 2561 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TIAB SA 3208 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TIAB SA 3209 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TSI 324A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 324 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 324 PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 324 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TSI 3250A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 3250 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 3250 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TSI 325A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 325 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 325 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 328 PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 328 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TIAB SA 328 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TSI 3290A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 3290 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 3290 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TSI 329A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 329 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 329 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TIAB SA 329 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TSI 32A | X32K_2v 7 |
| TIAB SA 32 | X32K_2v 7 |
| TIAB SA 406 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TIAB SA 4808 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TIAB SA 4809 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TSI 48A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 48 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 48 PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 48 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TIAB SA 48 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TIAB SA 640 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TSI 644A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 644 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 644 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TSI 6450A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 6450 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TSI 645A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 645 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TSI 6490A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 6490 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TIAB SA 6490 | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TSI 649A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 649 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TIAB SA 649 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TSI 64A | X32K_2v 7 |
| TIAB SA 64 | X32K_2v 7 |
| TIAB SA 808 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TIAB SA 809 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TSI 88A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 88 PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 88 PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega 88 P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| TIAB SA 88 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TSI 8A | X32K_2v 7 |
| TIAB SA 8 | X32K_2v 7 |
cov khoom siv me me AVR®
Table 6-2. cov khoom siv me me AVR®
| Ntaus ntawv | Oscillator Module |
| TXIV 1604 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 1606 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 1607 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 1614 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 1616 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 1617 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 1624 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 1626 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 1627 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 202 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 204 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 212 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 214 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TIAB SA 2313A | X32K_1v 8 |
| TIAB SA 24A | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 24 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 25 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TIAB SA 261A | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 261 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 3216 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 3217 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 3224 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 3226 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 3227 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 402 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 404 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 406 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 412 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 414 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 416 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 417 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 424 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 426 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 427 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 4313 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TIAB SA 44A | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 44 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 45 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TIAB SA 461A | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 461 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 804 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 806 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 807 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 814 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 816 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 817 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 824 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 826 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TXIV 827 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| TIAB SA 84A | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 84 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 85 | X32K_1v 8 |
| TIAB SA 861A | X32K_1v 8 |
| TXIV 861 | X32K_1v 8 |
AVR® Dx Devices
Table 6-3. AVR® Dx Devices
| Ntaus ntawv | Oscillator Module |
| AVR128DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DA64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
AVR® XMEGA® Devices
Table 6-4. AVR® XMEGA® Devices
| Ntaus ntawv | Oscillator Module |
| ATxmega128A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128B1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128B3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega16A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega16D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega192A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega192A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega192D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega 256A3B | X32K_XRTC32 |
| ATxmega256A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega256D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega32A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega32D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64B1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64B3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
Kev kho keeb kwm
| Doc. Rev. | Hnub tim | Cov lus pom |
| D | 05/2022 |
|
| C | 09/2021 |
|
| B | 09/2018 |
|
| A | 02/2018 |
|
| 8333 XNUMXe | 03/2015 |
|
| 8333d ua | 072011 | Cov ntawv pom zoo hloov tshiab. |
| 8333 XNUMXc | 02/2011 | Cov ntawv pom zoo hloov tshiab. |
| 8333 XNUMXb | 11/2010 | Ntau qhov hloov tshiab thiab kho. |
| 8333 A | 08/2010 | Kev kho cov ntaub ntawv pib. |
Cov ntaub ntawv Microchip
Lub Microchip Webqhov chaw
Microchip muab kev txhawb nqa online ntawm peb website ntawm www.microchip.com/. Qhov no website yog siv los ua files thiab cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim muaj rau cov neeg siv khoom. Qee cov ntsiab lus muaj xws li:
- Kev them nyiaj yug khoom – Cov ntaub ntawv nplooj ntawv thiab errata, daim ntawv thov thiab sample cov kev pab cuam, tsim cov peev txheej, cov neeg siv cov lus qhia thiab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa kho vajtse, cov software tshiab tshaj tawm thiab cov software archived
- General Technical Support - Cov Lus Nug Nquag (FAQs), thov kev pab txhawb nqa, pab pawg sib tham hauv online, Microchip tsim tus khub koom nrog kev sau npe
- Kev lag luam ntawm Microchip - Cov khoom xaiv thiab cov lus qhia kev txiav txim, qhov tseeb Microchip xov xwm tshaj tawm, cov npe ntawm cov rooj sib tham thiab cov xwm txheej, cov npe ntawm Microchip cov chaw muag khoom, cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Hoobkas
Product Change Notification Service
Microchip cov khoom hloov kev ceeb toom kev pabcuam pab kom cov neeg siv khoom tam sim no ntawm Microchip cov khoom. Cov neeg sau npe yuav tau txais email ceeb toom thaum twg muaj kev hloov pauv, hloov tshiab, hloov kho lossis qhov tsis raug cuam tshuam nrog rau tsev neeg cov khoom lag luam lossis cov cuab yeej tsim kev txaus siab.
Mus rau npe, mus rau www.microchip.com/pcn thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia sau npe.
Kev Pab Txhawb Cov Neeg Siv Khoom
Cov neeg siv khoom ntawm Microchip tuaj yeem tau txais kev pab los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev:
- Distributor lossis Tus Neeg Sawv Cev
- Lub Chaw Muag Khoom Hauv Zos
- Embedded Solutions Engineer (ESE)
- Kev pab txhawb nqa
Cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum hu rau lawv tus neeg xa khoom, tus neeg sawv cev lossis ESE rau kev txhawb nqa. Cov chaw muag khoom hauv zos kuj muaj los pab cov neeg siv khoom. Cov npe ntawm cov chaw muag khoom thiab cov chaw nyob muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv no.
Kev pab txhawb nqa muaj nyob rau ntawm webqhov chaw ntawm: www.microchip.com/support
Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature
Nco ntsoov cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no ntawm cov cai tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv Microchip:
- Cov khoom siv microchip ua tau raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntaub ntawv Microchip tshwj xeeb.
- Microchip ntseeg hais tias nws tsev neeg ntawm cov khoom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thaum siv raws li lub hom phiaj, nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm specifications, thiab nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob.
- Microchip muaj nuj nqis thiab tiv thaiv nws txoj cai kev txawj ntse. Kev sim ua txhaum cai tiv thaiv cov yam ntxwv ntawm Microchip cov khoom raug txwv nruj heev thiab tej zaum yuav ua txhaum txoj cai Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
- Tsis yog Microchip lossis lwm lub chaw tsim khoom semiconductor tuaj yeem lav qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nws cov cai. Kev tiv thaiv Code tsis txhais hais tias peb tau lees tias cov khoom yog "tsis tawg". Kev tiv thaiv code yog hloov zuj zus mus tas li. Microchip tau cog lus tias yuav txhim kho cov cai tiv thaiv cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb cov khoom tsis tu ncua.
Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom
Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no tsuas yog siv nrog cov khoom siv Microchip, suav nrog rau kev tsim, sim, thiab sib xyaw cov khoom siv Microchip nrog koj daim ntawv thov. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv no ua txhaum txoj cai no. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov ntawv thov ntaus ntawv tsuas yog muab rau koj yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm kev hloov tshiab. Nws yog koj lub luag haujlwm los xyuas kom meej tias koj daim ntawv thov ua tau raws li koj cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Hu rau koj lub chaw muag khoom Microchip hauv zos rau kev txhawb nqa ntxiv lossis, tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntxiv ntawm www.microchip.com/en-us/support/design-help/client-support-services.
Cov ntaub ntawv no yog muab los ntawm microchip "raws li yog". MICROCHIP TSIS TAU TXAIS LUB SIJ HAWM LOS NTAWM TXOJ CAI TSHAJ PLAWS LOS NTAWM LUB SIJ HAWM, sau ntawv lossis qhov ncauj, STATUTORY
LUB SIJ HAWM NTAWM LUB SIJ HAWM NTAWM LUB SIJ HAWM NTAWM TXOJ HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUV LUB SIJ HAWM YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS NTAWM NO NTAWM IB TUG TXIV NEEJ, MECHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR WARRANTIES RELATED, FOR PERMALITY,
TSIS MUAJ IB TUG MICROCHIP yuav raug lav rau txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam, tshwj xeeb, raug nplua, xwm txheej, lossis cuam tshuam rau kev poob, kev puas tsuaj, nqi, lossis kev siv nyiaj ntawm txhua yam kev cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv, lossis kev siv nyiaj txiag, MICROCHIP tau qhia txog qhov ua tau lossis qhov kev puas tsuaj yog FORESEEABLE. YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS NTAWM LEEJ TWG, MICROCHIP TAG NRHO LUB SIJ HAWM NTAWM TXOJ CAI NTAWM TXOJ HAUJ LWM HAUV QHOV CHAW UA HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM los yog nws siv yuav tsis pub tshaj tus nqi ntawm cov nqi, yog tias muaj, yog tias koj tau txais cov nyiaj tau los Xov xwm.
Kev siv cov khoom siv Microchip hauv kev txhawb nqa lub neej thiab / lossis daim ntawv thov kev nyab xeeb yog tag nrho ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom qhov kev pheej hmoo, thiab tus neeg yuav khoom pom zoo tiv thaiv, them nyiaj thiab tuav Microchip tsis raug mob los ntawm ib qho thiab tag nrho cov kev puas tsuaj, kev thov, foob, lossis cov nuj nqis uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv. Tsis muaj ntawv tso cai raug xa tawm, tsis hais los yog lwm yam, raws li cov cai ntawm Microchip cov cuab yeej cuab tam tshwj tsis yog hais tias lwm yam.
Cov cim lag luam
Lub npe Microchip thiab lub logo, Microchip logo, Adaptec, AnyRate, AVR, AVR logo, AVR Freaks, Bes Time, Bit Cloud, Crypto Memory, Crypto RF, dsPIC, flexPWR, HELDO, IGLOO, JukeBlox, KeeLoq, Kleer, LANCheck, LinkMD, maXStylus, maXTouch, Media LB, megaAVR, Microsemi, Microsemi logo, MOST, MOST logo, MPLAB, OptoLyzer, PIC, picoPower, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, PolarFire, Prochip Designer, QTouch, SAM-BA, SenGenuity, S. , SST Logo, SuperFlash, Symmetricom, SyncServer, Tachyon, TimeSource, tinyAVR, UNI/O, Vectron, thiab XMEGA yog cov cim lag luam ntawm Microchip Technology Incorporated hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws.
AgileSwitch, APT, ClockWorks, The Embedded Control Solutions Company, EtherSynch, Flashtec, Hyper Speed Control, HyperLight Load, Intelli MOS, Libero, motorBench, m Kov, Powermite 3, Precision Edge, ProASIC, ProASIC Plus, ProASIC Plus logo, Quiet- Hlau, Ntse Fusion, Sync Ntiaj Teb, Temux, Sijhawm Cesium, TimeHub, TimePictra, Lub Sijhawm Muab Kev Pabcuam, TrueTime, WinPath, thiab ZL yog cov cim lag luam ntawm Microchip Technology Incorporated hauv Asmeskas
Adjacent Key Ncua tseg, AKS, Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Txhua Tus Capacitor, AnyIn, AnyOut, Augmented Switching, Blue Sky, Body Com, Code Guard, CryptoAuthentication, Crypto Automotive, CryptoCompanion, CryptoController, dsPICDnamic, dsPICDnamic. Nruab Nrab Matching, DAM, ECAN, Espresso T1S, EtherGREEN, GridTime, Zoo Tshaj Choj, Hauv-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, INICnet, Intelligent Paralleling, Inter-Chip Connectivity, JitterBlocker, Knob-on-Display, maxCrypto, maxView, memBrain, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, MultiTRAK, NetDetach, NVM Express, NVMe, Omniscient Code Generation, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, PowerSmart, PureSilicon, QMatrix , Ripple Blocker, RTAX, RTG4, SAM-ICE, Serial Quad I/O, simpleMAP, SimpliPHY, Smar tBuffer, SmartHLS, SMART-IS, storClad, SQI, SuperSwitcher, SuperSwitcher II, Switchtec, SynchroPHY, Total Endurance, TSHARC, , VariSense, VectorBlox, VeriPHY, ViewSpan, WiperLock, XpressConnect, thiab ZENA yog cov cim lag luam ntawm Microchip Technology Incorporated hauv Asmeskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws.
SQTP yog lub cim kev pabcuam ntawm Microchip Technology Incorporated hauv Asmeskas
Lub logo Adaptec, Zaus ntawm Kev Thov, Silicon Storage Technology, Symmcom, thiab Trusted Time yog cov cim lag luam ntawm Microchip Technology Inc. hauv lwm lub tebchaws.
GestIC yog ib lub npe lag luam ntawm Microchip Technology Lub Tebchaws Yelemees II GmbH & Co. KG, lub chaw muag khoom ntawm Microchip Technology Inc., hauv lwm lub tebchaws.
Tag nrho lwm cov cim lag luam tau hais hauv no yog cov cuab yeej ntawm lawv cov tuam txhab.
© 2022, Microchip Technology Incorporated thiab nws cov koom haum. All Rights Reserved.
- ISBN: 978-1-6683-0405-1
Quality Management System
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog Microchip's Quality Management Systems, thov mus saib www.microchip.com/quality.
Kev muag khoom thiab kev pabcuam thoob ntiaj teb
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Cov ntaub ntawv / Cov ntaub ntawv
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MICROCHIP AN2648 Xaiv thiab Ntsuas 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators rau AVR Microcontrollers [ua pdf] Cov neeg siv phau ntawv qhia AN2648 Kev Xaiv thiab Kev Ntsuas 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators rau AVR Microcontrollers, AN2648, Xaiv thiab Ntsuas 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators rau AVR Microcontrollers, Crystal Oscillators rau AVR Microcontrollers |
