MICROCHIP AN2648 Filifilia ma Su'ega 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators mo AVR Microcontrollers
Folasaga
Tusitala: Torbjørn Kjørlaug ma Amund Aune, Microchip Technology Inc.
O lenei tusi talosaga o loʻo aoteleina ai faʻavae tioata, iloiloga faʻatulagaina PCB, ma le auala e suʻe ai se tioata i lau talosaga. O se ta'iala filifilia tioata o lo'o fa'aalia ai tioata fautuaina na fa'ata'ita'iina e tagata popoto ma maua e talafeagai mo fa'aoga oscillator eseese i aiga Microchip AVR® eseese. Su'ega firmware ma lipoti su'ega mai fa'atau tioata eseese o lo'o aofia ai.
Vaega
- Crystal Oscillator Basics
- Fuafuaga Fuafuaga PCB
- Su'ega Crystal Robustness
- Su'ega Firmware Fa'aofia
- Taiala Fautuaga Crystal
Crystal Oscillator Basics
Folasaga
O se oscillator tioata e fa'aaogaina le fa'ainisinia o se mea piezoelectric vibrating e fa'atupu ai se fa'ailo mautu o le uati. E masani ona fa'aogaina le fa'asologa e tu'uina atu ai se fa'ailoga uati mautu pe siaki le taimi; o le mea lea, oscillators tioata e faʻaaogaina lautele i le Radio Frequency (RF) talosaga ma taʻaloga numera taimi-maaleale.
O tioata e maua mai fa'atau oloa eseese i foliga ma lapopo'a eseese ma e mafai ona eseese lautele i fa'atinoga ma fa'amatalaga. O le malamalama i ta'otoga ma le oscillator circuit e taua tele mo se fa'aoga malosi i luga o fesuiaiga o le vevela, susu, sapalai eletise, ma le faagasologa.
O mea fa'aletino uma e iai le fa'aanatura fa'aleaogaina o le vibration, lea e fa'amautu ai le vibrating frequency i lona foliga, lapopo'a, elasticity, ma le saoasaoa o le leo i totonu o mea. Piezoelectric mea faʻalavelave pe a faʻaogaina se eletise eletise ma faʻatupuina se eletise eletise pe a toe foʻi i lona foliga muamua. O mea masani piezoelectric faʻaaogaina
i fa'aeletonika fa'aeletoroni o se tioata quartz, ae o lo'o fa'aogaina fo'i resonator sima - e masani lava i fa'aoga taugofie pe itiiti fo'i taimi-taua. 32.768 kHz tioata e masani ona tipi i foliga o se tui. Faatasi ai ma tioata quartz, e mafai ona faʻamautu laina saʻo.
Ata 1-1. Fa'atusa o le 32.768 kHz Tuning Fork Crystal
Le Oscillator
Ole tulaga mautu a Barkhausen o tulaga ia e lua e fa'aaogaina e fuafua ai pe o afea e fa'afefe ai se eletise eletise. Latou te fai mai afai o le A o le manuia o le ampelemene fa'aola i le fa'aeletonika ma β(jω) o le fa'aliliuina lea o galuega o le ala fa'aalia, o le fa'agasologa tumau o le a fa'atumauina na'o alaleo e:
- O le maua o le matasele e tutusa ma le lotogatasi i le maualuga atoatoa, |βA| = 1
- O le suiga o le vaega i le matasele o le zero po o se numera numera numera o 2π, ie, ∠βA = 2πn mo n ∈ 0, 1, 2, 3…
O le faʻataʻitaʻiga muamua o le a mautinoa ai le tumau ampfaailo faailo. O le numera e itiiti ifo i le 1 o le a faʻaitiitia ai le faailo, ma o le numera e sili atu nai lo le 1 o le a faʻaitiitia ai le faailo ampfa'aola le fa'ailoga e le gata. O le fa'ata'ita'iga lona lua o le a fa'amautinoa ai le mautu o taimi. Mo isi fa'asologa o vaega, o le a fa'aleaogaina le galu o le galu ona o le fa'aaliga fa'aalia.
Ata 1-2. Fa'amatalaga Fa'aaliga
O le 32.768 kHz oscillator i Microchip AVR microcontrollers o loʻo faʻaalia i le Ata 1-3 ma e aofia ai se faʻaliliuga.
amplifier (i totonu) ma se tioata (fafo). Capacitors (CL1 ma CL2) o loʻo faʻatusalia ai le malosi o le parasitic i totonu. O nisi masini AVR e iai fo'i mea e mafai ona filifilia i totonu, lea e mafai ona fa'aoga e fa'aitiitia ai le mana'oga mo capacitors uta fafo, e fa'atatau i le tioata fa'aaogaina.
O le liliu ampLifier e maua ai le π radian (180 tikeri) suiga vaega. O le isi π radian phase shift e saunia e le tioata ma le uta capacitive i le 32.768 kHz, ma mafua ai le suiga atoa o le 2π radian. I le taimi o le amataga, o le ampO le a fa'atupula'ia galuega fa'aola se'ia o'o ina fa'atūina le fa'agasologa tumau ma le maua o le matasele 1, ma fa'ataunu'uina ai le ta'iala a Barkhausen. E otometi lava ona fa'atonutonuina e le fa'asologa o le oscillator a le AVR microcontroller.
Ata 1-3. Pierce Crystal Oscillator Circuit i AVR® Devices (fa'afaigofie)
Fa'ata'ita'iga Fa'aeletise
O le eletise eletise tutusa o se tioata o loʻo faʻaalia i le Ata 1-4. O le faasologa o fesoʻotaʻiga RLC e taʻua o le lima faʻamalosi ma tuʻuina atu se faʻamatalaga eletise o le gaioiga faʻainisinia o le tioata, lea o le C1 o loʻo faʻatusalia ai le elasticity o le quartz, L1 o loʻo faʻatusalia le vibrating mass, ma R1 o loʻo faʻatusalia gau ona o le d.amping. O le C0 ua taʻua o le shunt poʻo le static capacitance ma o le aofaʻi o le eletise parasitic capacitance ona o le fale tioata ma electrodes. Afai a
mita capacitance e faʻaaogaina e fua ai le malosi tioata, naʻo C0 o le a fuaina (C1 e leai se aoga).
Ata 1-4. Crystal Oscillator Tutusa Circuit
I le faʻaaogaina o le suiga o Laplace, e lua laina resonant e mafai ona maua i lenei fesoʻotaʻiga. Le fa'asologa fa'apei
taimi, fs, fa'alagolago ile C1 ma le L1. Ole laina tutusa po'o le anti-resonant frequency, fp, e aofia ai ma le C0. Va'ai i le Ata 1-5 mo uiga fa'agaoioiga fa'atasi ma fa'agasolo.
Fa'atusa 1-1. Fa'asologa Resonant Frequency
Fa'atusa 1-2. Fa'ata'amiloga Fa'asao Fa'atasi
Ata 1-5. Uiga Fa'asagaga tioata
O tioata i lalo ole 30 MHz e mafai ona fa'aogaina i so'o se taimi i le va o le faasologa ma laina resonant tutusa, o lona uiga o loʻo faʻaogaina i latou. O tioata maualuga i luga a'e o le 30 MHz e masani lava ona fa'agaioia i le fa'asologa o laina resonant po'o laina maualuga, lea e tupu i le tele o le masani masani. O le fa'aopoopoina o se uta capacitive, CL, i le tioata o le a mafua ai se suiga i taimi e tu'uina mai e le Fa'atusa 1-3. Ole taimi tioata e mafai ona faʻalogoina e ala i le fesuiaʻiina o le mamafa o le uta, ma e taʻua o le tosoina o taimi.
Fa'atusa 1-3. Feso'ota'i Fa'ata'ita'i Fa'asolo Fa'atasi
Fa'asagaga Fa'asologa tutusa (ESR)
Ole fa'asologa tutusa o le tetee (ESR) o se fa'aaliga eletise o le gau o masini tioata. I le faasologa
resonant frequency, fs, e tutusa ma le R1 i le faʻataʻitaʻiga eletise. O le ESR o se parakalafa taua ma e mafai ona maua i le pepa faʻamatalaga tioata. O le ESR e masani lava ona fa'alagolago i le tino o le tioata, lea e laiti ai tioata
(aemaise lava tioata SMD) e masani ona sili atu le gau ma le ESR nai lo tioata tetele.
O tau maualuga o le ESR e tu'u ai se uta maualuga i luga o le fa'aliliuina amplifi. O le maualuga tele o le ESR e ono mafua ai le le mautu o le oscillator. O le mauaina o le lotogatasi e mafai, i ia tulaga, e le mafai ona ausia, ma o le Barkhausen criterion atonu e le mafai ona ausia.
Q-Factor ma le mautu
Ole fa'amautu fa'asolosolo ole tioata e tu'uina mai ile Q-factor. O le Q-factor o le fua faatatau lea i le va o le malosi o loʻo teuina i totonu o le tioata ma le aofaʻi o mea uma e leiloa. E masani lava, o tioata quartz e iai Q i le va o le 10,000 i le 100,000, faʻatusatusa i le 100 mo se LC oscillator. Resonator sima e maualalo le Q nai lo tioata quartz ma e sili atu ona maaleale i suiga i le uta capacitive.
Fa'atusa 1-4. Q-Factor
E tele mea e mafai ona a'afia ai le fa'amautu o taimi: Fa'alavelave fa'ainisinia e mafua mai i le fa'atupuina, fa'ate'ia po'o le vibration stress, fesuiaiga o le paoa, fa'aletonu o le uta, vevela, maneta ma eletise, ma le matua tioata. E masani ona lisiina e le au faʻatau tioata ia faʻamaufaʻailoga ia latou pepa faʻamatalaga.
Taimi Amata
I le taimi o le amataga, o le liliu ampola ampola pisapisao. O le tioata o le a galue o se faamama bandpass ma fafaga i tua na o le tioata resonance frequency vaega, lea o le taimi lena ampsiitia. A'o le'i ausia le fa'agasologa tumau, e maua le matasele o le tioata/fa'aliliuina amplifier loop e sili atu nai lo le 1 ma le faailo ampo le a faateleina le faitau. I le oscillation steady-state, o le faʻaogaina o le matasele o le a faʻataunuʻuina ai le Barkhausen faʻatasi ma le faʻaogaina o le matasele o le 1, ma le tumau. ampfa'atonuga.
Mea e a'afia ai le taimi amata:
- O tioata maualuga-ESR o le a amata lemu nai lo tioata maualalo-ESR
- O tioata Q-factor maualuga o le a amata lemu nai lo tioata Q-factor maualalo
- O le maualuga o le uta capacitance o le a faʻateleina le taimi amata
- Oscillator ample malosi o le ta'avale (va'ai nisi fa'amatalaga i alauni o le oscillator i le Vaega 3.2, Su'ega Fa'asagaga Leaga ma Fa'ailoga Saogalemu)
E le gata i lea, o le tele o tioata o le a aʻafia ai le taimi amata (o tioata vave o le a amata vave), ae o lenei parakalafa e faʻamautu mo tioata 32.768 kHz.
Ata 1-6. Amataina o le Crystal Oscillator
Fa'apalepale vevela
O tioata fa'atutu masani e masani ona tipi e fa'atotonugalemu ole fa'aigoa ile 25°C. I luga aʻe ma lalo ifo o le 25 ° C, o le a faʻaitiitia le faʻalavelave faʻatasi ma se uiga parabolic, e pei ona faʻaalia i le Ata 1-7. O le suiga ole taimi e tuuina mai e
Fa'atusa 1-5, o le f0 o le fa'asologa o taimi i le T0 (e masani lava 32.768 kHz i le 25°C) ma le B o le fua fa'atatau o le vevela e tu'uina mai e le pepa fa'amatalaga tioata (e masani lava o se numera le lelei).
Fa'atusa 1-5. Aafiaga ole Suiga o le vevela
Ata 1-7. Fa'ata'ita'iga Tempera vs. Fa'auiga Uiga o se Crystal
Malosi o le Avetaavale
O le malosi o le taʻavale taʻavale tioata e fuafua ai uiga o le galu o le galu o le oscillator tioata. O le galu sine o le fa'aoga tuusa'o i totonu o le pine fa'aoga uati numera o le microcontroller. O lenei galu e tatau ona faigofie ona fa'asolo le pito maualalo ma le maualuga voltagu tulaga o le pine fa'aoga a le aveta'avale tioata a'o le'o 'oti, fa'amafola pe fa'asese i tumutumu. Ose galu vaivai tele amplitude o lo'o fa'aalia ai le mamafa tele o le ta'avale ta'avale tioata, e o'o atu ai i le fa'aletonu o le oscillation po'o le fa'asesēina o le fa'aogaina o taimi. Ua maualuga tele ampLitude o lona uiga e maualuga tele le maua o le matasele ma e mafai ona oʻo atu ai i le osooso tioata i se tulaga maualuga maualuga pe faʻaleagaina tumau le tioata.
Su'esu'e uiga fa'atino a le tioata e ala ile su'esu'eina ole XTAL1/TOSC1 pine voltagu. Ia nofouta o se suʻesuʻega e fesoʻotaʻi ma le XTAL1/TOSC1 e taʻitaʻia ai le faʻaopoopoina o le malosi o le parasitic, lea e tatau ona faʻamaonia.
O le maua o le matasele e a'afia leaga ile vevela ma lelei ile voltagu (VDD). O lona uiga o uiga ta'avale e tatau ona fuaina i le maualuga o le vevela ma le maualalo o le VDD, ma le maualalo o le vevela ma le maualuga o le VDD lea e fa'amaonia ai le talosaga e fa'atino.
Filifili se tioata e maualalo le ESR poʻo le uta capacitive pe afai e maualalo tele le faʻaogaina o le matasele. Afai e maualuga tele le fa'aogaina o le matasele, e mafai ona fa'aopoopo se fa'asologa fa'asologa, RS, i le ta'amilosaga e fa'aitiitia ai le fa'ailoga o le gaosiga. O le ata o loʻo i lalo o loʻo faʻaalia ai se exampLe o se ta'avale ta'avale tioata fa'afaigofie fa'atasi ai ma se fa'aputuga fa'aopoopo (RS) i le fa'ai'uga o le pine XTAL2/TOSC2.
Ata 1-8. Crystal Aveta'avale ma Fa'aopoopo Fa'asologa Fa'asaga
PCB Layout ma Fuafuaga Mafaufauga
E o'o lava i ta'amilosaga oscillator sili ona lelei ma tioata maualuga e le mafai ona fa'atino lelei pe a le mafaufau lelei i le fa'atulagaina ma mea e fa'aaogaina i le taimi o le fa'apotopotoga. Ole malosi ole malosi ole 32.768 kHz oscillators e masani lava ona faʻamalo i lalo ole 1 μW, o lea e matua laʻititi lava le tafe o le taimi nei. E le gata i lea, o le tioata tioata e faʻalagolago tele i le uta capacitive.
Ina ia mautinoa le malosi o le oscillator, o nei taʻiala e fautuaina i le taimi o le PCB:
- Fa'ailoga laina mai le XTAL1/TOSC1 ma le XTAL2/TOSC2 i le tioata e tatau ona fa'apuupuu e fa'aitiitia ai le malosi o le parasitic ma fa'ateleina ai le pisa ma le fa'a'ese'ese o le puipuiga. Aua le fa'aogaina sockets.
- Puipui le tioata ma laina faailo e ala i le siosiomia i se vaalele eleele ma se mama leoleo
- Aua le fa'alalaina laina numera, aemaise lava laina uati, latalata i laina tioata. Mo laupapa PCB multilayer, aloese mai faailoilo auala i lalo o laina tioata.
- Fa'aaogā le PCB maualuga ma mea fa'apipi'i
- O le pefu ma le susu o le a faʻateleina ai le malosi o le parasitic ma faʻaitiitia ai le vavaeeseina o faailoilo, o lea e fautuaina ai le ufiufi puipui
Fa'ata'ita'i le Malosi o le Fa'asa'o tioata
Folasaga
O le AVR microcontroller's 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator aveta'avale ua sili ona lelei mo le maualalo o le eletise, ma o lea.
le malosi avetaavale tioata e faatapulaaina. O le soona utaina o le avetaavale tioata e ono mafua ai ona le amata le oscillator, pe ono
e a'afia (taofi mo sina taimi, e pei oample) ona o le pisapisao po'o le fa'ateleina o uta capacitive e mafua mai i le fa'aleagaina po'o le latalata o se lima.
Faʻaeteete pe a filifilia ma suʻeina le tioata e faʻamautinoa ai le malosi lelei i lau talosaga. O vaega sili ona taua e lua a le tioata o le Fa'asagaga Fa'asologa Fa'atusa (ESR) ma le Fa'atonuga o uta (CL).
Pe a fua tioata, e tatau ona tuʻu le tioata latalata i le 32.768 kHz oscillator pine e faʻaitiitia ai le malosi o le parasitic. I se tulaga lautele, matou te fautuaina pea le faia o le fua i lau talosaga mulimuli. O se fa'ata'ita'iga masani a le PCB e iai le microcontroller ma le tioata tioata e mafai fo'i ona maua ai fa'ai'uga sa'o o su'ega. Mo le su'ega muamua o le tioata, fa'aaoga se atigipusa po'o se pusa amata (fa'ata'ita'iga, STK600) atonu e lava.
Matou te le fautuaina le faʻafesoʻotaʻi o le tioata i le XTAL / TOSC faʻauluuluga o galuega i le pito o le STK600, e pei ona faʻaalia i le Ata 3-1, ona o le ala faʻailoga o le a matua maaleale i le pisa ma faʻaopoopoina le uta capacitive faaopoopo. O le faʻapipiʻiina saʻo o le tioata i taʻitaʻi, peitaʻi, o le a maua ai ni faʻaiʻuga lelei. Ina ia aloese mai le uta capacitive faaopoopo mai le socket ma le auala i luga o le STK600, matou te fautuaina le punou o le XTAL / TOSC agai i luga, e pei ona faaalia i le Ata 3-2 ma le Ata 3-3, ina ia latou le paʻi i le socket. O tioata fa'atasi ma ta'ita'i (pu fa'apipi'i) e faigofie ona fa'aogaina, ae e mafai fo'i ona fa'asolo sa'o le SMD i ta'ita'i XTAL/TOSC e ala i le fa'aogaina o pine fa'alautele, e pei ona fa'aalia i le Ata 3-4. E mafai fo'i ona fa'apipi'i tioata i afifi fa'atasi ma pine vaapiapi, e pei ona fa'aalia i le Ata 3-5, ae e fai si togafiti ma e mana'omia ai le lima mau.
Ata 3-1. STK600 Su'ega Seti
Ona o le uta capacitive o le ai ai se aafiaga taua i luga o le oscillator, e le tatau ona e suʻeina saʻo le tioata seʻi vagana ua i ai ni au meafaigaluega maualuga e faʻamoemoe mo fua tioata. O su'esu'ega oscilloscope 10X masani e tu'uina atu ai se uta o le 10-15 pF ma o le a iai se aafiaga maualuga i fua. O le pa'i i pine o se tioata i se tamatamailima po'o se su'esu'ega 10X e mafai ona lava e amata pe taofi ai le fa'afefe pe maua ai ni fa'ai'uga sese. Firmware mo le fa'auluina o le faailo o le uati i se pine masani I/O o lo'o tu'uina atu fa'atasi ma lenei tusi talosaga. E le pei o pine fa'aoga XTAL/TOSC, o pine I/O ua fa'atulagaina e pei o galuega fa'apolopolo e mafai ona su'esu'eina i fa'ata'ita'iga masani 10X oscilloscope e aunoa ma le a'afiaina o fua. E mafai ona maua nisi fa'amatalaga i le Vaega 4, Su'ega Firmware.
Ata 3-2. Crystal Soldered Sa'o i Pi'u XTAL/TOSC Leads
Ata 3-3. Crystal Soldered i le STK600 Socket
Ata 3-4. SMD Crystal fa'atau sa'o i le MCU Fa'aaoga Pin Extensions
Ata 3-5. Crystal Soldered i le 100-Pin TQFP Package ma Narrow Pin Pitch
Su'ega Fa'asagaga Leaga ma Fa'ailoga Saogalemu
Ole su'ega fa'aletonu e maua ai le va ole tioata amputa lifi fa'aaoga i lau talosaga ma le uta maualuga. I le uta maualuga, o le ampo le a fetinaina le lifier, ma o le a taofi le faʻafefe. E ta'ua lea vaega ole alauni ole oscillator (OA). Su'e le alauni o le oscillator e ala i le fa'aopoopo le tumau o se fa'asologa fa'asolosolo fa'asolosolo i le va o le ampLifier output (XTAL2/TOSC2) taitai ma le tioata, e pei ona faaalia i le Ata 3-6. Fa'ateleina le fa'asologa fa'asolosolo se'ia le toe fa'atete le tioata. O le alauni o le oscillator o le a avea ma aofaʻi o lenei faʻasologa tetee, RMAX, ma le ESR. O le fa'aaogaina o se potentiometer ma le tele o le itiiti ifo i le ESR <RPOT <5 ESR e fautuaina.
O le su'eina o se tau sa'o RMAX e mafai ona fai si fa'a'ole'ole aua e leai se vaega o alauni o le oscillator o iai. A'o le'i tu le oscillator, e mafai ona e matauina se fa'aitiitiga fa'agesegese, ma e ono iai fo'i se fa'atama-stop hysteresis. A uma ona taofi le oscillator, e te manaʻomia le faʻaitiitia o le tau o le RMAX i le 10-50 kΩ aʻo leʻi toe amata le oscillations. E tatau ona faia se uila uila i taimi uma pe a uma ona faateleina le tetee fesuia'i. O le a avea le RMAX ma tau o le tetee lea e le amata ai le oscillator pe a uma le uila uila. Manatua o taimi amata o le a fai si umi i le oscillator alauni tulaga, o lea ia onosai.
Fa'atusa 3-1. Alauni o le Oscillator
OA = RMAX + ESR
Ata 3-6. Fuaina o Alauni o le Oscillator/RMAX
E fautuaina le fa'aogaina o se potentiometer maualuga ma maualalo le malosi o le parasitic (fa'ata'ita'iga, SMD potentiometer talafeagai mo RF) e maua ai fa'ai'uga sili ona sa'o. Ae peitai, afai e mafai ona e ausia alauni oscillator lelei / RMAX ma se potentiometer taugofie, o le ae saogalemu.
Pe a maua le maualuga o le faʻasologa o le tetee, e mafai ona e mauaina le mea saogalemu mai le Faʻatusa 3-2. Ole tele ole MCU ma fa'atau tioata e fa'agaoioia ma fa'atonuga tulaga saogalemu. O le tulaga saogalemu e faʻaopoopoina ai se faʻailoga mo soʻo se aʻafiaga leaga o fesuiaiga eseese e pei ole oscillator ampfa'asili, suiga ona o le sapalai o le eletise ma fesuiaiga o le vevela, fesuiaiga o faagasologa, ma le gafatia o le uta. Le 32.768 kHz oscillator amplifier i luga ole AVR microcontrollers o le vevela ma le malosi e totogi. O lea la e ala i le i ai o nei fesuiaiga sili atu pe itiiti ifo i taimi uma, e mafai ona tatou faʻaitiitia manaʻoga mo le saogalemu faʻatusatusa i isi MCU / IC gaosi oloa. O fautuaga mo le saogalemu o lo'o lisiina ile Siata 3-1.
Fa'atusa 3-2. Fa'aSaogalemu
Ata 3-7. Fa'asologa Potentiometer I le va o le XTAL2/TOSC2 Pin ma Crystal
Ata 3-8. Su'ega Alauni i Socket
Laulau 3-1. Fautuaga mo le Saogalemu
| Mea Saogalēmū | Fautuaga |
| >5 | Lelei |
| 4 | Lelei tele |
| 3 | Lelei |
| <3 | E le fautuaina |
Fuaina o le Agavaa Uta Lelei
Ole tele ole tioata e fa'alagolago ile uta capacitive fa'aaogaina, e pei ona fa'aalia ile Fa'atusa 1-2. O le fa'aogaina o le uta capacitive o lo'o fa'amaoti mai i le pepa fa'amatalaga tioata o le a maua ai se taimi e latalata tele i le numera o le 32.768 kHz. Afai e fa'aogaina isi uta capacitive, o le a suia le fa'asologa. Ole taimi ole a fa'atupula'ia pe a fa'aitiitia le uta capacitive ma o le a fa'aitiitia pe a fa'ateleina le uta, e pei ona fa'aalia ile Ata 3-9.
Ole tele ole toso-gaoioiga po'o le bandwidth, o lona uiga, o le a le mamao mai le numera fa'aigoa e mafai ona fa'amalosia le fa'aogaina o le uta, fa'alagolago ile Q-factor ole resonator. O le bandwidth e tuʻuina atu e ala i le numera numera e vaevaeina e le Q-factor, ma mo tioata maualuga-Q quartz, e faʻatapulaʻaina le bandwidth faʻaaogaina. Afai e 'ese'ese le fua fa'atatau mai le fa'aigoa, o le a fa'aitiitia le malosi o le oscillator. E mafua lenei mea ona o le maualuga o le faʻaogaina o le tali β(jω) e mafua ai le maualuga o le utaina o le amplifier A e maua ai le lotogatasi (tagai Ata 1-2).
Fa'atusa 3-3. Bandwidth
O se auala lelei e fuaina ai le malosi o le uta lelei (o le aofaʻi o le uta capacitance ma le parasitic capacitance) o le fuaina lea o le oscillator frequency ma faʻatusatusa i le numera o le 32.768 kHz. Afai ole fua ole taimi e latalata ile 32.768 kHz, ole a latalata ile faʻatonuga ole uta lelei. Faia lenei mea e ala i le faʻaaogaina o le firmware o loʻo tuʻuina atu i lenei tusi talosaga ma se suʻesuʻega lautele 10X i luga o le uati i luga o se pine I/O, pe, afai e maua, fua saʻo le tioata ma se suʻega maualuga-impedance e faʻamoemoe mo fua tioata. Va'ai Vaega 4, Su'ega Firmware, mo nisi fa'amatalaga.
Ata 3-9. Fa'asao ma le Utaga Gapa
Fa'atusa 3-4 o lo'o tu'uina atu ai le aofa'i atoa o le uta e aunoa ma ni capacitors i fafo. I le tele o tulaga, e tatau ona fa'aopoopo i fafo capacitors (CEL1 ma CEL2) e fetaui ma le uta capacitive ua fa'amaoti mai i le pepa fa'amatalaga a le tioata. Afai e fa'aaogaina capacitors i fafo, Fa'atusa 3-5 o lo'o tu'uina atu ai le aofa'i o uta capacitive.
Fa'atusa 3-4. Aofa'i Uta Fa'asao e aunoa ma Pusa i fafo
Fa'atusa 3-5. Aofa'i Uta Fa'atonu ma Pusa i fafo
Ata 3-10. Li'o tioata fa'atasi ma Pusa i totonu, Parasitic, ma Fafo
Su'ega Firmware
Su'ega firmware mo le fa'auluina o le fa'ailo o le uati i se I/O uafu e mafai ona utaina i se su'esu'ega masani 10X o lo'o aofia i le .zip. file tufatufaina atu ma lenei tusi talosaga. Aua ne'i fua sa'o ia electrodes tioata pe afai e leai sau su'esu'ega fa'aletonu maualuga e fa'atatau mo ia fua.
Fa'aopoopo le fa'apogai ma fa'apolokalame le .hex file i totonu o le masini.
Fa'aoga le VCC i totonu o le laina fa'aogaina o lo'o lisiina i le pepa fa'amatalaga, fa'afeso'ota'i le tioata i le va o le XTAL1/TOSC1 ma le XTAL2/TOSC2, ma fua le fa'ailo o le uati i luga o le pine o le gaosiga.
E ese le pine o le gaosiga i masini eseese. O pine sa'o o lo'o lisi atu i lalo.
- ATmega128: O le faʻailoga o le uati o loʻo tuʻuina atu i le PB4, ma o lona faʻasologa e vaevaeina e 2. O le faʻamoemoeina o le gaosiga o le 16.384 kHz.
- ATmega328P: O le faʻailoga o le uati o loʻo tuʻuina atu i le PD6, ma o lona taimi e vaevaeina i le 2. O le faʻamoemoe o le faʻaogaina o le 16.384 kHz.
- ATtiny817: O le faailo o le uati o loʻo tuʻuina atu i le PB5, ma o lona faʻasologa e le vaeluaina. Ole fa'amoemoe ole fa'alava ole galuega ole 32.768 kHz.
- ATtiny85: O le faʻailoga o le uati o loʻo tuʻuina atu i le PB1, ma o lona faʻasolosolo e vaevaeina i le 2. O le faʻamoemoe o le faʻaogaina o le 16.384 kHz.
- ATxmega128A1: O le faʻailoga o le uati o loʻo tuʻuina atu i le PC7, ma e leʻo vaeluaina lona faʻasologa. Ole fa'amoemoe ole fa'alava ole galuega ole 32.768 kHz.
- ATxmega256A3B: O le faailo o le uati o loʻo tuʻuina atu i le PC7, ma e leʻo vaeluaina lona faʻasologa. Ole fa'amoemoe ole fa'alava ole galuega ole 32.768 kHz.
- PIC18F25Q10: O le faʻailoga o le uati o loʻo tuʻuina atu i le RA6, ma o lona taimi e vaevaeina i le 4. O le faʻamoemoe o le faʻaogaina o le 8.192 kHz.
Taua: O le PIC18F25Q10 na faʻaaogaina e fai ma sui o se masini faʻasologa AVR Dx pe a suʻeina tioata. E fa'aogaina le OSC_LP_v10 oscillator module, lea e tutusa ma le fa'aogaina e le AVR Dx series.
Fautuaga tioata
Siata 5-2 o loʻo faʻaalia ai se filifiliga o tioata ua uma ona faʻataʻitaʻiina ma maua talafeagai mo microcontrollers eseese AVR.
Taua: Talu ai ona o le tele o microcontrollers e fa'asoa fa'aoga oscillator, e na'o se filifiliga o oloa microcontroller sui na fa'ata'ita'iina e tagata fa'atau tioata. Vaai i le files tufatufa atu ma le tusi talosaga e vaʻai i uluai lipoti o suʻega tioata. Va'ai vaega 6. Oscillator Module Ovaview mo se mea ua umaview ole mea ole microcontroller e fa'aogaina le oscillator module.
O le fa'aogaina o tioata-MCU tu'ufa'atasiga mai le laulau o lo'o i lalo o le a mautinoa ai le fetaui lelei ma e sili ona fautuaina mo tagata fa'aoga e itiiti pe fa'atapula'aina le tomai fa'amalama. E ui lava o faʻatasiga tioata-MCU e faʻataʻitaʻiina e tagata atamamai oscillator tioata sili ona poto masani i faʻatau tioata eseese, matou te fautuaina pea le suʻeina o lau mamanu e pei ona faʻamatalaina i le Vaega 3, Suʻega o le Crystal Oscillation Robustness, ina ia mautinoa e leai ni faʻafitauli na faʻaalia i le taimi o le faʻatulagaina, faʻapipiʻi. , ma isi.
Siata 5-1 o loʻo faʻaalia ai se lisi o faʻaoga eseese oscillator. Vaega 6, Oscillator Module Ovaview, ei ai se lisi o masini e aofia ai nei modules.
Laulau 5-1. Ua umaview o Oscillators i AVR® Devices
| # | Oscillator Module | Fa'amatalaga |
| 1 | X32K_2v7 | 2.7-5.5V oscillator fa'aoga i masini megaAVR®(1) |
| 2 | X32K_1v8 | 1.8-5.5V oscillator fa'aoga i masini megaAVR/tinyAVR®(1) |
| 3 | X32K_1v8_ULP | 1.8-3.6V ultra-maualalo oscillator malosi fa'aaogaina i masini megaAVR/tinyAVR picoPower® |
| 4 | X32K_XMEGA (tulaga masani) | 1.6-3.6V ultra-low power oscillator fa'aaogaina i masini XMEGA®. Oscillator configured i le tulaga masani. |
| 5 | X32K_XMEGA (tulaga vaivai) | 1.6-3.6V ultra-maualalo mana oscillator faʻaaogaina i masini XMEGA. Oscillator configured i le tulaga maualalo-malosi. |
| 6 | X32K_XRTC32 | 1.6-3.6V ultra-maualalo RTC oscillator faʻaaogaina i masini XMEGA faʻatasi ai ma le faʻaogaina o maa. |
| 7 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP | 1.8-5.5V ultra-low power oscillator fa'aaogaina i tinyAVR 0-, 1- ma le 2-series ma megaAVR 0-series masini |
| 8 | OSC_LP_v10 (tulaga masani) | 1.8-5.5V ultra-maualalo mana oscillator faʻaaogaina i masini faʻasologa AVR Dx. Oscillator configured i le tulaga masani. |
| 9 | OSC_LP_v10 (tulaga vaivai) | 1.8-5.5V ultra-maualalo mana oscillator faʻaaogaina i masini faʻasologa AVR Dx. Oscillator configured i le tulaga maualalo-malosi. |
Manatua
- E le fa'aaogaina i le megaAVR® 0-series po'o le tinyAVR® 0-, 1- ma le 2-series.
Laulau 5-2. Fautuaina 32.768 kHz Crystals
| Fa'atau | Ituaiga | Mauga | Oscillator Modules Tofotofoina ma Faamaonia (Tagaʻi Laulau 5-1) | Fa'apalepale Fa'atele [±ppm] | uta Malosiaga [pF] | Fa'asagaga Fa'asologa tutusa (ESR) [kΩ] |
| Microcrystal | CC7V-T1A | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20/100 | 7.0/9.0/12.5 | 50/70 |
| Aperakon | ABS06 | SMD | 2 | 20 | 12.5 | 90 |
| Katinale | CPFB | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Katinale | CTF6 | TH | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Katinale | CTF8 | TH | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Endrich Citizen | CFS206 | TH | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 35 |
| Endrich Citizen | CM315 | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 70 |
| Epson Tyocom | MC-306 | SMD | 1, 2, 3 | 20/50 | 12.5 | 50 |
| Fox | FSXLF | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 65 |
| Fox | FX135 | SMD | 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 70 |
| Fox | FX122 | SMD | 2, 3, 4 | 20 | 12.5 | 90 |
| Fox | FSRLF | SMD | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 20 | 12.5 | 50 |
| NDK | NX3215SA | SMD | 1, 2 | 20 | 12.5 | 80 |
| NDK | NX1610SE | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 6 | 50 |
| NDK | NX2012SE | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 | 20 | 6 | 50 |
| Mea Faigaluega a Seiko | SSP-T7-FL | SMD | 2, 3, 5 | 20 | 4.4/6/12.5 | 65 |
| Mea Faigaluega a Seiko | SSP-T7-F | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7/12.5 | 65 |
| Mea Faigaluega a Seiko | SC-32S | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 70 |
| Mea Faigaluega a Seiko | SC-32L | SMD | 4 | 20 | 7 | 40 |
| Mea Faigaluega a Seiko | SC-20S | SMD | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 70 |
| Mea Faigaluega a Seiko | SC-12S | SMD | 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 20 | 7 | 90 |
Fa'aaliga:
- E mafai ona maua tioata i le tele o le gafatia o uta ma filifiliga fa'apalepale taimi. Fa'afeso'ota'i le tagata fa'atau tioata mo nisi fa'amatalaga.
Oscillator Module i lugaview
O lenei vaega o loʻo faʻaalia ai se lisi o 32.768 kHz oscillators o loʻo aofia i masini Microchip megaAVR, tinyAVR, Dx, ma XMEGA®.
megaAVR® masini
Laulau 6-1. megaAVR® masini
| Meafaigaluega | Oscillator Module |
| ATmega1280 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega1281 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega1284P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega128A | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega128 | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega1608 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega1609 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega162 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega164A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega164PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega164P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega165A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega165PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega165P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega168A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega168PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATMega168PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega168P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega168 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega169A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega169PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega169P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega169 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega16A | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega16 | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega2560 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega2561 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega3208 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega3209 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega324A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega324PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATMega324PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega324P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3250A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3250PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3250P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega325A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega325PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega325P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATMega328PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega328P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega328 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega3290A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3290PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega3290P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega329A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega329PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega329P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega329 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega32A | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega32 | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega406 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega4808 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega4809 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega48A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega48PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATMega48PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega48P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega48 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega640 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega644A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega644PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega644P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6450A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6450P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega645A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega645P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6490A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6490P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega6490 | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega649A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega649P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega649 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega64A | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega64 | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega808 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega809 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATmega88A | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega88PA | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATMega88PB | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega88P | X32K_1v8_ULP |
| ATmega88 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATmega8A | X32K_2v7 |
| ATmega8 | X32K_2v7 |
TinyAVR® masini
Laulau 6-2. TinyAVR® masini
| Meafaigaluega | Oscillator Module |
| ATtiny1604 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny1606 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny1607 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny1614 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny1616 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny1617 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny1624 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny1626 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny1627 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny202 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny204 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny212 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny214 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny2313A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny24A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny24 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny25 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny261A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny261 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny3216 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny3217 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny3224 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny3226 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny3227 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny402 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny404 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny406 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny412 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny414 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny416 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny417 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny424 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny426 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny427 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny4313 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny44A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny44 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny45 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny461A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny461 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny804 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny806 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny807 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny814 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny816 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny817 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny824 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny826 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny827 | X32K_1v8_5v5_ULP |
| ATtiny84A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny84 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny85 | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny861A | X32K_1v8 |
| ATtiny861 | X32K_1v8 |
AVR® Dx masini
Laulau 6-3. AVR® Dx masini
| Meafaigaluega | Oscillator Module |
| AVR128DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DA64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DA64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DB64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DB64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR128DD64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR32DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD28 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD32 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD48 | OSC_LP_v10 |
| AVR64DD64 | OSC_LP_v10 |
AVR® XMEGA® masini
Laulau 6-4. AVR® XMEGA® masini
| Meafaigaluega | Oscillator Module |
| ATxmega128A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128B1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128B3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega128D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega16A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega16D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega192A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega192A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega192D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega256A3B | X32K_XRTC32 |
| ATxmega256A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega256D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega32A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega32D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64A1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64A3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64A4 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64B1 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64B3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64D3 | X32K_XMEGA |
| ATxmega64D4 | X32K_XMEGA |
Toe Iloilo Tala'aga
| Doc. Fai mai Rev. | Aso | Fa'amatalaga |
| D | 05/2022 |
|
| C | 09/2021 |
|
| B | 09/2018 |
|
| A | 02/2018 |
|
| 8333E | 03/2015 |
|
| 8333D | 072011 | Fa'afou le lisi o fautuaga. |
| 8333C | 02/2011 | Fa'afou le lisi o fautuaga. |
| 8333B | 11/2010 | Tele fa'afouga ma fa'asa'oga. |
| 8333A | 08/2010 | Fa'amatalaga muamua o pepa. |
Microchip Fa'amatalaga
Le Microchip Webnofoaga
Microchip e maua le lagolago i luga ole laiga e ala i la matou webnofoaga i www.microchip.com/. Lenei web'upega tafa'ilagi e fa'aoga e fai ai files ma fa'amatalaga faigofie ona maua e tagata fa'atau. O nisi o mea e maua e aofia ai:
- Lagolago oloa - Pepa faʻamatalaga ma mea sese, faʻamatalaga talosaga ma samppolokalame, punaoa mamanu, ta'iala a le tagata fa'aoga ma pepa lagolago mo meafaigaluega, fa'asalalauga fou fa'akomepiuta ma polokalama fa'amaumauga
- Lagolago Faʻatekinisi Lautele - Fesili e masani ona fesiligia (FAQs), talosaga lagolago faʻapitoa, faʻasalalauga i luga ole laiga, Microchip design partner programme list
- Pisinisi o Microchip - Faʻatau oloa ma taʻiala faʻatonu, faʻasalalauga lata mai a Microchip, lisi o semina ma mea na tutupu, lisi o ofisa faʻatau Microchip, tufatufaina ma sui fale gaosimea
Au'aunaga Fa'asilasilaga Suiga o Mea
O le auaunaga fa'asilasilaga suiga o oloa a Microchip e fesoasoani e fa'amautu ai tagata fa'atau i oloa Microchip. O le a maua e le au fai saofaga le faʻamatalaga imeli i soʻo se taimi e iai suiga, faʻafouga, toe teuteuga poʻo mea sese e fesoʻotaʻi ma se aiga o oloa faʻapitoa poʻo meafaigaluega atinaʻe e fiafia i ai.
Ina ia lesitala, alu i www.microchip.com/pcn ma mulimuli i faatonuga o le resitalaina.
Lagolago Tagata Fa'atau
O tagata fa'aoga o oloa Microchip e mafai ona maua fesoasoani e ala i le tele o auala:
- Fa'asoa po'o le Sui
- Ofisa Fa'atauga Fa'alotoifale
- Embedded Solutions Engineer (ESE)
- Lagolago Fa'atekinisi
E tatau i tagata fa'atau ona fa'afeso'ota'i le latou tufatufaina, sui po'o le ESE mo le lagolago. O loʻo avanoa foʻi ofisa faʻatau i le lotoifale e fesoasoani i tagata faʻatau. O lo'o iai se lisi o ofisa fa'atau ma nofoaga i totonu o lenei pepa.
E maua le lagolago fa'apitoa e ala ile webnofoaga i: www.microchip.com/support
Fa'ailoga Puipuiga o Fa'ailoga Fa'atonu a Microchip
Manatua faʻamatalaga o loʻo i lalo o le faʻaogaina o le puipuiga o tulafono i luga o oloa Microchip:
- O oloa Microchip e fetaui ma faʻamatalaga o loʻo i totonu o la latou Pepa Faʻamatalaga Microchip.
- E talitonu Microchip o lona aiga o oloa e saogalemu pe a faʻaaogaina i le auala faʻamoemoeina, i totonu o faʻamatalaga faʻaogaina, ma i lalo o tulaga masani.
- Microchip fa'atauaina ma puipuia fa'amalosi ana aia tatau tau meatotino. O taumafaiga e soli le tulafono o le puipuiga o le oloa Microchip e matua fa'asaina ma e ono solia ai le Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
- E le mafai e le Microchip poʻo se isi mea gaosi semiconductor ona faʻamaonia le saogalemu o lana tulafono. O le puipuiga o tulafono laiti e le o lona uiga tatou te faʻamautinoa o le oloa e "le mafai ona motusia". O le puipuiga o tulafono laiti o lo'o fa'asolosolo pea. Microchip ua tuuto atu i le faʻaauauina pea o le faʻaleleia atili o uiga puipuia o tulafono a tatou oloa.
Faasilasilaga Faaletulafono
O lenei lomiga ma faʻamatalaga o loʻo i totonu e mafai ona faʻaaogaina i oloa Microchip, e aofia ai le mamanu, suʻega, ma tuʻufaʻatasia oloa Microchip ma lau talosaga. O le fa'aogaina o nei fa'amatalaga i so'o se isi lava faiga e solia ai nei aiaiga. O fa'amatalaga e uiga i le fa'aogaina o masini e tu'uina atu mo na'o lou fa'amalieina ma e ono suia i fa'afouga. O lau matafaioi le faʻamautinoa o lau talosaga e fetaui ma au faʻamatalaga. Fa'afeso'ota'i lou ofisa fa'atau Microchip i le lotoifale mo se lagolago fa'aopoopo pe, maua se lagolago fa'aopoopo ile www.microchip.com/en-us/support/design-help/client-support-services.
O LENEI FAʻAMATALAGA E TUUINA E MICROCHIP "AS IS". E LEAI FAIA e le MICROCHIP ni sui po'o se fa'amaoniga o so'o se ituaiga pe fa'aalia pe fa'aa'i, tusitusia pe tu'ugutu, tulāfono
POO ISI, E FAI I FA'AMATALAGA E AOFIA AI AE LE FAATAPUA I SO'O SE FA'AALIGA FA'AALIGA O LE LE'I SULIAGA, FA'AFO'A'I, MA FA'A'OGA MO SE FA'AMATALAGA, PO'O WARRANTY E FASA'I I ONA TU'UGA, UIGA, PO'O LE FA'AIGA.
E LEAI SE MEA E TATAU AI MICROCHIP MO SO'O SE FA'AMATALAGA, FA'AMATALAGA, FA'ASA'OGA, FA'AMATALAGA, PO'O LE FA'A'ALI'AGA MA'U'U, FA'AFIA, TAU, PO'O LE TU'U'UINA O SO'O SE I'UGA SO'O SE FA'AIGA I LE FA'AMATALAGA POO LONA FA'A'OGA, PE'O LE MEA NA FA'AUPUNA'I, E tusa lava pe fa'aletonu. FA'ATONU POO LE FA'AFIA E FA'AVAEINA. I LE AGATOGA FA'AALIGA E LE TULAFONO, O LE UMA AOFA'IGA A MICROCHIP I TOTOGI UMA I SO'O SE AUALA E FA'AIGA I LE FA'AMATALAGA POO LONA FA'A'OGA E LE'A LOLOA I LE TOTOGI O TOTOGI, AFAI E IAI, NA E TOTOGI SA'O I LE MICROCHIP MO LE FA'AMATALAGA.
O le fa'aogaina o masini Microchip i le tausiga o le ola ma/po'o le saogalemu o lo'o i le tulaga lamatia o le tagata fa'atau, ma e malie le tagata fa'atau e puipuia, fa'aleaga ma taofia Microchip le afaina mai so'o se mea leaga, tagi, suti, po'o tupe alu e mafua mai i lea fa'aoga. E leai ni laisene e tu'uina atu, fa'aalia po'o se isi mea, i lalo o so'o se Microchip aia tatau tau le atamai se'i vagana ua ta'ua.
Fa'ailoga Fa'ailoga
Le igoa Microchip ma le logo, le Microchip logo, Adaptec, AnyRate, AVR, AVR logo, AVR Freaks, Bes Time, Bit Cloud, Crypto Memory, Crypto RF, dsPIC, flexPWR, HELDO, IGLOO, JukeBlox, KeeLoq, Kleer, LANCheck, LinkMD, maXStylus, maXTouch, Media LB, megaAVR, Microsemi, Microsemi logo, MOST, MOST logo, MPLAB, OptoLyzer, PIC, picoPower, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, PolarFire, Prochip Designer, QTouch, SAM-BA, SenGenuity, SpyNIC, SST , SST Logo, SuperFlash, Symmetricom, SyncServer, Tachyon, TimeSource, tinyAVR, UNI/O, Vectron, ma XMEGA o faailoga faʻamaufaʻailoga a Microchip Technology Incorporated i Amerika ma isi atunuu.
AgileSwitch, APT, ClockWorks, The Embedded Control Solutions Company, EtherSynch, Flashtec, Hyper Speed Control, HyperLight Load, Intelli MOS, Libero, motorBench, m Touch, Powermite 3, Precision Edge, ProASIC, ProASIC Plus, ProASIC Plus logo, Quiet- Uaea, Smart Fusion, Sync World, Temux, Time Cesium, TimeHub, TimePictra, Time Provider, TrueTime, WinPath, ma ZL o faʻailoga faʻamaufaʻailoga a Microchip Technology Incorporated i Amerika.
Fa'ata'ita'i Key Taofi, AKS, Analog-mo-le-Digital Age, So'o se Capacitor, AnyIn, AnyOut, Suiga Fa'aopoopo, Blue Sky, Body Com, Code Guard, CryptoAuthentication, Crypto Automotive, CryptoCompanion, CryptoController, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, Dynamic Feso'ota'iga Fa'atatau, DAM, ECAN, Espresso T1S, EtherGREEN, GridTime, Alalaupapa Lelei, Polokalama Fa'asologa Fa'asologa, ICSP, INICnet, Fa'atusa Fa'atamai, Feso'ota'i va'aiga, JitterBlocker, Knob-on-Display, maxCrypto, maxView, memBrain, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB Faʻamaonia logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, MultiTRAK, NetDetach, NVM Express, NVMe, Omniscient Code Generation, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, PowerSmart, PureSilicon, QMatrix, REAL ICE , Ripple Blocker, RTAX, RTG4, SAM-ICE, Serial Quad I/O, simpleMAP, SimpliPHY, Smar tBuffer, SmartHLS, SMART-IS, storClad, SQI, SuperSwitcher, SuperSwitcher II, Switchtec, SynchroPHY, Aofa'i Tumau, TSHARC, USBCheck , VariSense, VectorBlox, VeriPHY, ViewSpan, WiperLock, XpressConnect, ma ZENA o fa'ailoga fa'ailoga a Microchip Technology Incorporated i Amerika ma isi atunu'u.
SQTP ose fa'ailoga tautua a Microchip Technology Incorporated i Amerika
O le logo Adaptec, Frequency on Demand, Silicon Storage Technology, Symmcom, ma Trusted Time o fa'ailoga fa'amaufa'ailoga a Microchip Technology Inc. i isi atunu'u.
GestIC ose fa'ailoga fa'amaufa'ailoga a Microchip Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. KG, ose lala o Microchip Technology Inc., i isi atunu'u.
O isi fa'ailoga tau fefa'ataua'iga uma o lo'o ta'ua ii o meatotino a latou kamupani.
© 2022, Microchip Technology Incorporated ma ona lala. Ua Taofia Aia Tatau Uma.
- ISBN: 978-1-6683-0405-1
Faiga Fa'atonuga
Mo faʻamatalaga e uiga i Microchip's Quality Management Systems, faʻamolemole asiasi www.microchip.com/quality.
Fa'atauga ma Au'aunaga i le Lalolagi Atoa
Ofisa Autasi
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MICROCHIP AN2648 Filifilia ma Su'ega 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators mo AVR Microcontrollers [pdf] Taiala mo Tagata Fa'aoga AN2648 Filifilia ma Su'ega 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators mo AVR Microcontrollers, AN2648, Filifilia ma Su'ega 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillators mo AVR Microcontrollers, Crystal Oscillators mo AVR Microcontrollers |
