intel Kupanga Bizinesi Yotsegula ndi Yowoneka RAN

Open and virtualized RAN yakhazikitsidwa kuti ikule mwachangu

Matekinoloje otsegula komanso owoneka bwino a wailesi (Open vRAN) atha kukula mpaka pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya msika wonse wa RAN pofika 2025, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa Dell'Oro Group1. Izi zikuyimira kukula kwachangu, chifukwa Open vRAN imangopanga gawo limodzi mwa magawo zana a msika wa RAN lero.
Pali mbali ziwiri zotsegula vRAN:

• Virtualization imagawanitsa pulogalamuyo kuchokera ku hardware ndipo imapangitsa kuti RAN igwire ntchito pa ma seva a zolinga wamba. Zida zopangira zonse ndizochulukirapo
  yosinthika komanso yosavuta kuyimba kuposa RAN yotengera zida.
• Ndizosavuta kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito atsopano a RAN ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito pogwiritsa ntchito kukweza kwa mapulogalamu.
• Mfundo zotsimikiziridwa za IT monga software-defined networking (SDN), cloud-native, ndi DevOps zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pali magwiridwe antchito momwe maukonde amapangidwira, kusinthidwanso, ndi kukhathamiritsa; komanso pozindikira zolakwika, kukonza, ndi kupewa.
• Mawonekedwe otseguka amathandizira Opereka Utumiki Wautumiki (CoSPs) kuti apeze zosakaniza za RAN yawo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana ndikuziphatikiza mosavuta.
• Kugwirizana kumathandizira kukulitsa mpikisano mu RAN pamtengo ndi mawonekedwe.
• Virtualized RAN ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda malo otseguka, koma zopindulitsa zimakhala zazikulu pamene njira zonse ziwiri ziphatikizidwa.
• Chidwi mu vRAN chakhala chikuwonjezeka posachedwapa, ndi ogwira ntchito ambiri akuchita mayesero ndi kutumiza kwawo koyamba.
• Deloitte akuyerekeza kuti pali 35 yogwira ntchito Open vRAN deployments padziko lonse2. Mapangidwe a mapulogalamu a Intel's FlexRAN opangira ma baseband akugwiritsidwa ntchito osachepera 31 padziko lonse lapansi. (onani Chithunzi 1).
• Mu pepala ili, tikufufuza za bizinesi ya Open vRAN. Tikambirana za phindu la kuphatikizira kwa baseband, ndi zifukwa zomveka zomwe Open vRAN ikadali yofunikira pamene kuphatikiza sikungatheke.

Kuyambitsa RAN topology

• Muchitsanzo chachikhalidwe cha Distributed RAN (DRAN), kukonza kwa RAN kumachitika pafupi ndi mlongoti wa wailesi.
  Virtualized RAN imagawaniza RAN kukhala payipi ya ntchito, yomwe ingathe kugawidwa pagawo logawidwa (DU) ndi gawo lapakati (CU). Pali zosankha zingapo zogawanitsa RAN, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2. Split Option 2 imapanga Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ndi Radio Resource Control (RRC) mu CU, pamene ntchito zina zonse za baseband zimayendetsedwa. kunja ku DU. Ntchito ya PHY ikhoza kugawidwa pakati pa DU ndi Remote Radio Unit (RRU).

AdvantagZomangamanga zogawanika za RAN ndi:

• Kusunga ntchito ya Low-PHY ku RRU kumachepetsa kufunikira kwa bandwidth ya fronthaul. Mu 4G, magawano a Option 8 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndi 5G, kuwonjezeka kwa bandwidth kumapangitsa Option 8 kukhala yosatheka kwa 5G standalone (SA) mode. (5G non-standalone (NSA) deployments angagwiritsebe ntchito Option 8 ngati cholowa).
• Ubwino wa zochitika ukhoza kuwongoleredwa. Pamene pachimake
  ndege yowongolera imagawidwa ku CU, CU imakhala malo osunthira nangula. Zotsatira zake, pali zoperekera zochepa kuposa zomwe zimakhalapo pomwe DU ndi nangula point3.
• Kukhala ndi PDCP ku CU kumathandizanso kuwongolera katundu pothandizira kulumikizidwa kwapawiri (DC)
  ya 5G mu zomangamanga za NSA. Popanda kugawanika uku, zida za ogwiritsa ntchito zitha kulumikizana ndi masiteshoni awiri (4G ndi 5G) koma malo oyambira a nangula okha ndi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza mitsinje kudzera mu ntchito ya PDCP. Pogwiritsa ntchito Splitter Option 2, ntchito ya PDCP imachitika chapakati, kotero ma DU amanyamula bwino4.

Kuchepetsa mtengo kudzera m'magulu a baseband

• Njira imodzi yomwe Open vRAN ingathandizire kuchepetsa ndalama ndikuphatikiza ma baseband processing. CU imodzi imatha kutumikira ma DU angapo, ndipo ma DU amatha kupezeka ndi ma CU kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama. Ngakhale DU ikasungidwa pamalo a cell, patha kukhala zogwira mtima chifukwa DU imatha kutumizira ma RRU angapo, ndipo mtengo wapang'onopang'ono umachepetsa pamene mphamvu ya cell ikukula5. Mapulogalamu omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pazamalonda omwe sali pashelufu amatha kukhala omvera, ndikukula mosinthika, kuposa zida zodzipatulira zomwe zimafunikira ntchito yamanja kuti isinthe ndikusintha.
• Kuphatikizira kwa Baseband sikwapadera ku Open vRAN: mwachikhalidwe cha RAN, ma baseband unit (BBUs) nthawi zina amasanjidwa m'malo apakati, otchedwa mahotela a BBU. Amalumikizidwa ndi ma RRUs pa ulusi wothamanga kwambiri. Amachepetsa mtengo wa zida pamalopo komanso amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mipukutu yamagalimoto oyika ndi kutumizira zida. Mahotela a BBU amapereka granularity yochepa pakukweza, ngakhale. Ma BBU a Hardware alibe advan yonse yokhathamiritsa zinthutages of virtualization, kapena kusinthasintha kwakugwira ntchito zingapo komanso zosiyanasiyana.
• Ntchito yathu ndi CoSPs idapeza kuti mtengo wapamwamba wogwiritsa ntchito (OPEX) mu RAN ndi chilolezo cha mapulogalamu a BBU. Kugwiritsanso ntchito bwino kwa mapulogalamu pophatikiza pamodzi kumathandiza kukweza mtengo wa umwini (TCO) wa RAN.
• Komabe, mtengo wamayendedwe uyenera kuganiziridwa. Kubwezeretsanso kwachikhalidwe cha DRAN nthawi zambiri kumakhala mzere wobwereketsa woperekedwa kwa ogwiritsira ntchito ma network okhazikika. Mizere yobwereketsa imatha kukhala yokwera mtengo, ndipo mtengo wake umakhudza kwambiri dongosolo la bizinesi komwe DU iyenera kukhala.
• Kampani yaulangizi Senza Fili ndi wogulitsa vRAN Mavenir adatengera mtengowo potengera kuyesa kochitidwa ndi makasitomala a Mavenir, Intel, ndi HFR Networks6. Zochitika ziwiri zinafaniziridwa:
• Ma DU ali ndi ma RRU pa malo a cell. Midhaul transport imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa DU ndi CU.
• Ma DU ali ndi ma CU. Fronthaul transport imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa RRUs ndi DU/CU.
• CU inali pamalo opangira data pomwe zida za Hardware zitha kuphatikizidwa ku RRUs. Kafukufukuyu adatengera mtengo wamayendedwe a CU, DU, ndi midhaul ndi fronthaul, kutengera zonse ziwiri
• OPEX ndi Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
• Kuyika pakati pa DU kumawonjezera ndalama zoyendera, ndiye funso linali ngati phindu lophatikizana limaposa ndalama zoyendera. Kafukufukuyu anapeza:
• Oyendetsa omwe ali ndi zotengera zotsika mtengo kupita ku malo awo ambiri a cell amakhala bwino kuyika pakati pa DU ndi CU. Atha kudula TCO yawo mpaka 42 peresenti.
• Ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri zoyendera amatha kuchepetsa TCO yawo mpaka 15 peresenti pochititsa DU pamalo a cell.
• Kuchepetsa mtengo wocheperako kumadaliranso kuchuluka kwa ma cell ndi kuchuluka komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. A DU pamalo a cell, mwachitsanzoample, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperapo ndipo imatha kuthandizira ma cell ochulukirapo kapena bandwidth yapamwamba pamtengo womwewo.
• Zitha kukhala zotheka kuyimitsa RAN mpaka 200km kuchokera pawayilesi mumtundu wa "Mtambo RAN". Kafukufuku wina wa Senza Fili ndi Mavenir7 adapeza kuti Cloud RAN ikhoza kuchepetsa mtengo ndi 37 peresenti pazaka zisanu, poyerekeza ndi DRAN. Kuphatikizika kwa BBU komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa Hardware kumathandizira kutsitsa mtengo. Ndalama za OPEX zimachokera ku mtengo wotsika wokonza ndi ntchito. Malo apakati atha kukhala osavuta kuwapeza ndikuwongolera kuposa momwe ma cell alili, komanso malo a cell amathanso kukhala ang'onoang'ono chifukwa pali zida zochepa zomwe zimafunikira pamenepo.
• Virtualization ndi centralization palimodzi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukula momwe magalimoto akusintha. Ndikosavuta kuwonjezera ma seva azinthu zambiri pagulu lazothandizira kuposa kukweza zida za eni ake pamalo a cell. Ma CoSPs amatha kufananiza bwino ndalama zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito pa Hardware ndi kukula kwa ndalama zawo, osafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono zomwe zitha kuyendetsa magalimoto m'zaka zisanu.
• Kodi ma netiweki angati awonetsere bwanji?
• Kafukufuku wa ACG ndi Red Hat anayerekezera mtengo wa umwini (TCO) wa Distributed radio access network (DRAN) ndi virtualized RAN (vRAN)8. Ayerekeza ndalama zazikulu (CAPEX) za vRAN zinali theka la DRAN. Izi makamaka zinali zotsika mtengo chifukwa chokhala ndi zida zochepa pamasamba ochepa pogwiritsa ntchito centralization.
• Kafukufukuyu adapezanso kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito (OPEX) zinali zokwera kwambiri ku DRAN kuposa vRAN. Izi zinali chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo obwereketsa, kukonza, kubwereketsa kwa fiber, komanso mphamvu ndi kuziziritsa.
• Chitsanzocho chinachokera ku Tier 1 Communications Service Provider (CoSP) yokhala ndi malo oyambira 12,000 tsopano, ndipo kufunikira kowonjezera 11,000 pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Kodi CoSP iwonetsetse RAN yonse, kapena masamba atsopano ndi okulitsidwa?
• Kafukufuku wa ACG adapeza kuti kusungidwa kwa TCO kunali 27 peresenti pomwe malo atsopano komanso okulirapo adawoneka. Kusungidwa kwa TCO kudakwera mpaka 44 peresenti pomwe malo onse adasinthidwa.
• 27%
  • Kusintha kwa mtengo wa TCO
• Kuwona masamba atsopano ndi owonjezera a RAN
• 44%
  • Kusintha kwa mtengo wa TCO
• Kuwona masamba onse a RAN
• Kafukufuku wa ACG. Kutengera maukonde amasamba a 12,000 omwe ali ndi mapulani owonjezera 11,000 pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi.

Mlandu wa Open vRAN pamalo a cell

• Ma CoSPs ena amatengera Open vRAN pamalo a cell pazifukwa zomveka, ngakhale kuphatikiza kwa baseband sikupulumutsa ndalama.
  Kupanga maukonde osinthika amtambo
• CoSP imodzi yomwe tidayankhulana nayo idatsindika kufunikira kotha kuyika ntchito zapaintaneti kulikonse komwe angapereke bwino pagawo linalake.
• Izi zimakhala zotheka mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zapanthawi zonse pa netiweki, kuphatikiza RAN. The
  ntchito ya ndege, mwachitsanzoample, ikhoza kusunthidwa kutsamba la RAN pamphepete mwa netiweki. Izi zimadula kwambiri latency.
• Mapulogalamu a izi akuphatikizapo masewera a mtambo, zowona zowonjezera / zenizeni zenizeni, kapena kusunga zinthu.
• Zida zopangira zinthu zambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina pomwe RAN ili ndi zofunikira zochepa. Padzakhala maola otanganidwa ndi maola abata, ndipo RAN idzakhala mulimonse
  zoperekedwa mochulukira kuti zithandizire kukula kwa magalimoto m'tsogolo. Kuchuluka kwa seva pa seva kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo a cell a Internet of Things, kapena RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), yomwe imakulitsa kasamalidwe ka mawayilesi pogwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga komanso kuphunzira pamakina.
• Kupeza granular kumathandizira kuchepetsa mtengo
• Kukhala ndi mawonekedwe otseguka kumapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito ufulu wopeza zida kuchokera kulikonse. Zimawonjezera mpikisano pakati pa ogulitsa zida zama telecom, koma si zokhazo. Zimapatsanso ogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wosintha kuchokera kwa opanga ma hardware omwe sanagulitsepo mwachindunji pa intaneti. Kusagwirizana kumatsegula msika ku makampani atsopano a mapulogalamu a vRAN, nawonso, omwe angabweretse zatsopano ndikuwonjezera mpikisano wamtengo wapatali.
• Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupeza ndalama zotsika pofufuza zinthu, makamaka wailesi, mwachindunji, m'malo mogula kudzera mwa wopanga zida za telecom.
  (TEM). Wailesiyi ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la bajeti ya RAN, kotero kupulumutsa mtengo kuno kumatha kukhudza kwambiri ndalama zonse. Chilolezo cha pulogalamu ya BBU ndiye mtengo woyambira wa OPEX, chifukwa chake mpikisano wokwera pamapulogalamu a RAN umathandizira kutsitsa ndalama zomwe zikupitilira.
• Pa Mobile World Congress 2018, Vodafone Chief Technology
• Officer Johan Wibergh analankhula za miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya kampaniyo
• Tsegulani mayeso a RAN ku India. "Tatha kuchepetsa mtengo wogwira ntchito ndi oposa 30 peresenti, pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zotseguka kwambiri, pokhala ndi mwayi wopeza zigawo zosiyanasiyana," adatero9.
• 30% kupulumutsa mtengo
• Kuchokera pakufufuza zigawo padera.
• Mayesero a Vodafone a Open RAN, India

Kumanga nsanja ya mautumiki atsopano

• Kukhala ndi luso lowerengera m'mphepete mwa netiweki kumathandizanso ma CoSPs kuti agwire ntchito zomwe zimayang'anizana ndi makasitomala kumeneko. Komanso kutha kuchititsa ntchito zambiri pafupi kwambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, ma CoSP amatha kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito. Izi zitha kuwathandiza kupikisana ndi opereka chithandizo chamtambo kuti azigwira ntchito m'mphepete.
  Ntchito za Edge zimafuna zomangamanga zogawidwa zamtambo, zothandizidwa ndi orchestration ndi kasamalidwe. Izi zitha kuthandizidwa pokhala ndi RAN yokhazikika yogwira ntchito ndi mfundo zamtambo. Zowonadi, kuwonetsa RAN ndi imodzi mwamadalaivala ozindikira makompyuta am'mphepete.
• Pulogalamu ya Intel® Smart Edge Open imapereka zida zamapulogalamu a Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC). Zimathandiza kukwaniritsa
  magwiridwe antchito okhathamiritsa kwambiri, kutengera zida za Hardware zomwe zimapezeka kulikonse komwe pulogalamuyo imagwira.
  Ntchito zam'mphepete za CoSPs zitha kukhala zowoneka bwino pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuchedwa kochepa, magwiridwe antchito osasinthika, komanso kudalirika kwakukulu.

Kusasinthasintha kumathandiza kuchepetsa mtengo

• Virtualization imatha kupulumutsa ndalama, ngakhale m'malo omwe kuphatikizika kwa baseband sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pali ubwino kwa
• CoSP ndi RAN estate yonse pokhala ndi zomangamanga zogwirizana.
• Kukhala ndi pulogalamu imodzi ndi stack ya hardware kumathandizira kukonza, kuphunzitsa, ndi chithandizo. Zida zofanana zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira masamba onse, osafunikira kusiyanitsa pakati paukadaulo wawo.

Kukonzekera zam'tsogolo

• Kuchoka ku DRAN kupita ku zomanga zapakati za RAN kudzatenga nthawi. Kusintha RAN pamalo a cell kuti Open vRAN ndi mwala wabwino. Zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe apangidwe apangidwe apangidwe ayambitsidwe koyambirira, kuti malo oyenerera akhale osavuta kukhala pakati mtsogolomo. Zida zomwe zimayikidwa pama cell zitha kusunthira kumalo apakati a RAN kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zam'mphepete, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zamasiku ano zikhale zothandiza pakapita nthawi. Zachuma za backhaul yam'manja zitha kusintha kwambiri mtsogolo kwa ena kapena masamba onse a CoSP a RAN, nawonso. Masamba omwe sali othekera pakatikati pa RAN masiku ano akhoza kukhala otheka ngati kulumikizana kotsika mtengo kwa fronthaul kumakhalapo. Kuthamanga virtualized RAN pamalo a cell kumathandizira CoSP
  khazikitsani pakati pambuyo pake ngati icho chikhala njira yotsika mtengo.

Kuwerengera mtengo wonse wa umwini (TCO)

• Ngakhale mtengo siwoyambitsa woyamba kutengera
• Tsegulani matekinoloje a vRAN nthawi zambiri, pangakhale kupulumutsa ndalama. Zambiri zimatengera kutumizidwa kwapadera.
• Palibe maukonde awiri omwe ali ofanana. Mu netiweki iliyonse, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamagawo a cell. Makhalidwe abwino a netiweki omwe amagwira ntchito m'matauni omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri mwina sangakhale oyenera kumidzi. Mawonekedwe omwe malo a selo amagwiritsira ntchito adzakhala ndi zotsatira pa bandwidth yofunikira, zomwe zidzakhudza ndalama zoyendetsera kutsogolo. Zosankha zoyendetsa zomwe zilipo kutsogolo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa chitsanzo cha mtengo.
• Chiyembekezo ndikuti m'kupita kwanthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito Open vRAN kungakhale kokwera mtengo kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzipatulira, ndipo kudzakhala kosavuta kukula.
• Accenture yanena kuti ikuwona kusungidwa kwa CAPEX kwa 49 peresenti pomwe matekinoloje a Open vRAN agwiritsidwa ntchito pa 5G deployments10. Goldman Sachs adanenanso za chiwerengero chofanana cha CAPEX cha 50 peresenti, ndipo adafalitsanso ndalama zochotsera 35 peresenti mu OPEX11.
• Ku Intel, tikugwira ntchito ndi ma CoSP otsogolera kutengera TCO ya Open vRAN, kuphatikiza CAPEX ndi OPEX. Ngakhale kuti CAPEX imamveka bwino, tikufunitsitsa kuwona kafukufuku watsatanetsatane wa momwe ndalama zogwirira ntchito za vRAN zikufananirana ndi zida zodzipereka. Tikugwira ntchito ndi Open vRAN ecosystem kuti tifufuzenso izi.

Kupulumutsa 50% CAPEX kuchokera ku Open vRAN 35% OPEX kupulumutsa kuchokera ku Open vRAN Goldman Sachs

Kugwiritsa ntchito Open RAN kwa mibadwo yonse yopanda zingwe

• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa 5G ndikomwe kumayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu pa intaneti yofikira pawailesi (RAN). Ntchito za 5G zidzakhala zanjala ya bandwidth ndipo zikadalipobe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomangamanga zowongoka komanso zosinthika zikhale zofunika kwambiri. Maukonde otsegula ndi owoneka bwino pawailesi (Open vRAN) angapangitse 5G kukhala yosavuta kuyika mumanetiweki obiriwira, koma owerengera ochepa akuyamba kuyambira pomwe. Omwe ali ndi maukonde omwe alipo ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi ma stacks awiri ofanana aukadaulo: imodzi yotseguka ya 5G, ndipo ina yotengera matekinoloje otsekedwa, ogwirizana ndi mibadwo yam'mbuyomu.
• Parallel Wireless malipoti kuti ogwira ntchito omwe amasintha kamangidwe kawo kamakono ndi Open vRAN akuyembekeza kuwona kubweza kwa ndalama muzaka zitatu12. Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe sasintha maukonde awo omwe adalowa kale amatha kuwona ndalama zogwirira ntchito (OPEX) kuchokera pa 30 mpaka 50 peresenti kuposa mpikisano, kuyerekezera kwa Parallel Wireless13.
• zaka 3 Yatenga nthawi kuti muwone kubweza ndalama kuchokera pakusintha maukonde amakono kupita ku Open vRAN. Parallel Wireless14

Mapeto

• Ma CoSPs akuchulukirachulukira kugwiritsa ntchito Open vRAN kuti apititse patsogolo kusinthasintha, scalability, komanso kukwera mtengo kwa maukonde awo. Kafukufuku wochokera ku ACG Research ndi Parallel Wireless akuwonetsa kuti Open vRAN ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zimakhudza kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama. Ma CoSP akutenga Open vRAN pazifukwa zomveka, nawonso. Imapatsa maukonde kusinthasintha ngati mtambo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zokambilana za CoSP pofufuza zida za RAN. M'malo omwe kuphatikizika sikutsika mtengo, pali ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito luso laukadaulo lokhazikika pawayilesi komanso m'malo opangira RAN. Kukhala ndi ma compute acholinga chambiri m'mphepete mwa netiweki kungathandize ma CoSPs kupikisana ndi omwe amapereka ntchito zamtambo kuti akwaniritse ntchito zambiri. Intel ikugwira ntchito ndi ma CoSP otsogolera kutengera TCO ya Open vRAN. Mtundu wathu wa TCO cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza ma CoSPs kukweza mtengo komanso kusinthasintha kwa malo awo a RAN.

Dziwani zambiri

• Intel eGuide: Kutumiza Open and Intelligent RAN
• Intel Infographic: Cloudifying the Radio Access Network
• Kodi Njira Yabwino Kwambiri Yopezera Kutsegula RAN Ndi Chiyani?
• Kodi Oyendetsa Angasunge Ndalama Zingati ndi Cloud RAN?
• Advan EconomictagKukhazikitsa kwa Virtualizing the RAN mu Mobile Operators' Infrastructure
• Chimachitika ndi Chiyani Pakutumiza TCO Pamene Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mafoni Amatumiza OpenRAN Pokha pa 5G?
• Intel® Smart Edge Open

1. Tsegulani RAN Yakhazikitsidwa kuti Mugwire 10% ya Msika pofika 2025, 2 September 2020, SDX Central; kutengera zomwe zachokera ku Dell'Oro Gulu la atolankhani: Tsegulani RAN kuti Muyandikire Gawo la Double-Digit RAN, 1 Seputembala 2020.
2. Maulosi aukadaulo, Media, ndi Telecommunications 2021, 7 Disembala 2020, Deloitte
3. Virtualized RAN - Vol 1, Epulo 2021, Samsung
4. Virtualized RAN - Vol 2, Epulo 2021, Samsung
5. Njira Yabwino Kwambiri Yopezera Kutsegula RAN?, 2021, Mavenir
6. ibid
7. Kodi Ogwiritsa Ntchito Angasunge Ndalama Zingati ndi Cloud RAN?, 2017, Mavenir
8. Advan Economictages of Virtualizing the RAN in Mobile Operators' Infrastructure, 30 September 2019, ACG Research ndi Red Hat 9 Facebook, TIP Advance Wireless Networking With Terragraph, 26 February 2018, SDX Central
9. Accenture Strategy, 2019, monga idanenedwa mu Open RAN Integration: Run With It, Epulo 2020, iGR
10. Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research, 2019, monga idanenedwa mu Open RAN Integration: Run With It, Epulo 2020, iGR
11. ibid
12. ibid

Zidziwitso & Zodzikanira

• Maukadaulo a Intel angafunike maofesi othandizira, mapulogalamu kapena ntchito yothandizira.
• Palibe mankhwala kapena chigawo chimodzi chomwe chingakhale chotetezeka mwamtheradi.
• Mtengo wanu ndi zotsatira zitha kusiyanasiyana.
• Intel salamulira kapena kuwunika deta ya anthu ena. Muyenera kuyang'ana malo ena kuti muwunikire zolondola.
• Chithunzi © Intel Corporation Intel, logo ya Intel, ndi zizindikiro zina za Intel ndi zizindikiro za Intel Corporation kapena mabungwe ake. Mayina ena ndi mtundu zitha kunenedwa kuti ndi za ena. 0821/SMEY/CAT/PDF Chonde Yambitsaninso 348227-001EN

Zolemba / Zothandizira

intel Kupanga Bizinesi Yotsegula ndi Yowoneka RAN [pdf] Malangizo Kupanga Mlandu Wabizinesi Kutsegula ndi Virtualized RAN, Kupanga Nkhani Yabizinesi, Nkhani Yabizinesi, Yotseguka ndi Yowoneka RAN, Mlandu

Maumboni

• Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito