i-intel Ukwenza Ikesi Lebhizinisi le-RAN evuliwe futhi ebonakalayo

I-RAN evuliwe futhi eyenziwe nge-virtual isethelwe ukukhula ngokushesha

Ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yokufinyelela kumsakazo evuliwe nebonakalayo (i-Open vRAN) bungakhula bufinyelele cishe kumaphesenti angu-10 esamba semakethe ye-RAN ngo-2025, ngokuvumelana nezilinganiso ezivela ku-Dell'Oro Group1. Lokho kumelela ukukhula okusheshayo, uma kubhekwa ukuthi i-Open vRAN yenza iphesenti elilodwa kuphela lemakethe ye-RAN namuhla.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuvula i-vRAN:

• I-Virtualization ihlukanisa i-software kusuka ku-hardware futhi inike amandla imithwalo yomsebenzi ye-RAN ukuthi isebenze kumaseva enhloso evamile. Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zenhloso evamile ziningi
  iyavumelana nezimo futhi kulula ukukala kune-RAN esekelwe kumshini.
• Kulula ukungeza ukusebenza okusha kwe-RAN nezithuthukisi zokusebenza usebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe.
• Izimiso ze-IT ezifakazelwe ezifana ne-software-defined networking (SDN), cloud-native, kanye ne-DevOps zingasetshenziswa. Kukhona ukusebenza kahle kokuthi inethiwekhi imiswa kanjani, iphinde ilungiswe, futhi ithuthukiswe; kanye nasekutholeni amaphutha, ukulungisa, nokuvimbela.
• Izindawo zokusebenzelana ezivulekile zivumela Abahlinzeki Besevisi Yezokuxhumana (CoSPs) ukuthi bathole izithako ze-RAN yabo kubathengisi abahlukene futhi bazihlanganise kalula.
• Ukusebenzisana kusiza ukukhulisa ukuncintisana ku-RAN kokubili ngentengo nezici.
• I-Virtualized RAN ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuvulekile, kodwa izinzuzo zinkulu uma amasu womabili ehlanganiswa.
• Intshisekelo ku-vRAN ibilokhu ikhula muva nje, nabasebenzisi abaningi abazibandakanya esivivinyweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwabo kokuqala.
• I-Deloitte ilinganisela ukuthi kukhona ukuthunyelwa kwe-Open vRAN okusebenzayo okungu-35 emhlabeni wonke2. Ukwakhiwa kwesoftware ye-Intel's FlexRAN yokucubungula i-baseband isetshenziswa okungenani ezindaweni ezingama-31 emhlabeni jikelele. (bheka Umfanekiso 1).
• Kuleli phepha, sihlola icala lebhizinisi le-Open vRAN. Sizoxoxa ngezinzuzo zezindleko zokuhlanganisa i-baseband, kanye nezizathu zamasu zokuthi kungani i-Open vRAN isathandeka uma ukuhlanganisa kungenzeki.

Sethula i-ran topology entsha

• Kumodeli yendabuko ye-Distributed RAN (DRAN), ukucutshungulwa kwe-RAN kwenziwa eduze kwe-antenna yomsakazo.
  I-Virtualized RAN ihlukanisa i-RAN ibe ipayipi lemisebenzi, elingabelwa kuyo yonke iyunithi esabalalisiwe (DU) kanye neyunithi emaphakathi (CU). Kunezinketho eziningi zokuhlukanisa i-RAN, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. I-Split Option 2 isingatha I-Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) kanye ne-Radio Resource Control (RRC) ku-CU, kuyilapho yonke eminye imisebenzi ye-baseband iqhutshwa. ngaphandle kwe-DU. Umsebenzi we-PHY ungahlukaniswa phakathi kwe-DU ne-Remote Radio Unit (RRU).

I-advantagama-split RAN architectures alandelayo:

• Ukusingatha umsebenzi we-Low-PHY ku-RRU kunciphisa imfuneko yomkhawulokudonsa ongaphambili. Ku-4G, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Option 8 kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa. Nge-5G, ukukhuphuka komkhawulokudonsa kwenza i-Option 8 ingasebenzi kumodi ezimele ye-5G (SA). (Ukuthunyelwa kwe-5G non-standalone (NSA) kusengasebenzisa i-Option 8 njengefa).
• Izinga lesipiliyoni lingathuthukiswa. Lapho umnyombo
  indiza yokulawula isatshalaliswa ku-CU, i-CU iba indawo yokukhosela yokuhamba. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukunikezela okumbalwa kunakho lapho i-DU iyi-anchor point3.
• Ukusingatha i-PDCP e-CU kusiza futhi ukulinganisa umthwalo lapho usekela amandla okuxhuma okubili (DC)
  ye-5G ekwakhiweni kwe-NSA. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuhlukaniswa, okokusebenza komsebenzisi kuzoxhumeka eziteshini ezimbili eziyisisekelo (i-4G ne-5G) kodwa isiteshi se-anchor kuphela esizosetshenziswa ukucubungula ukusakaza ngomsebenzi we-PDCP. Usebenzisa i-split Option 2, umsebenzi we-PDCP wenzeka phakathi nendawo, ngakho-ke ama-DU alayisha ngokulingana4 ngempumelelo.

Ukunciphisa izindleko ngokusebenzisa i-baseband pooling

• Enye indlela i-Open vRAN engasiza ngayo ukwehlisa izindleko iwukuhlanganisa ukucubungula kwe-baseband. I-CU eyodwa inganikeza ama-DU amaningi, futhi ama-DU angatholakala ne-CUs ukuze kusebenze kahle izindleko. Ngisho noma i-DU isingathwe endaweni yeseli, kungaba khona ukusebenza kahle ngoba i-DU inganikeza ama-RRU amaningi, futhi izindleko kancane kancane ziyancipha njengoba umthamo weseli ukhula5. Isofthiwe esebenza kuzingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezingaphandle kweshalofu zingasabela kakhulu, futhi zikale ngokuguquguqukayo, kunezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezizinikele ezidinga umsebenzi wezandla ukuze ukale futhi ulungiselele.
• I-Baseband pooling ayihlukile ku-Open vRAN: ngokwesiko langokwezifiso i-RAN, amayunithi e-baseband (BBUs) ngezinye izikhathi aye aqoqwe ezindaweni ezimaphakathi, ezibizwa ngokuthi amahhotela e-BBU. Axhunywe kuma-RRU ngefayibha enesivinini esikhulu. Yehlisa izindleko zemishini esizeni futhi inciphisa nenani lamaroli amaloli okufaka nokusevisa amathuluzi. Amahhotela e-BBU anikeza imbudumbudu elinganiselwe yokukala, noma kunjalo. I-Hardware BBUs ayinayo yonke i-advan yokwenza izisetshenziswatagama-virtualization, noma ukuguquguquka kokusingatha imithwalo yemisebenzi eminingi nehlukahlukene.
• Umsebenzi wethu nama-CoSPs uthole ukuthi izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu (i-OPEX) e-RAN ukulayisensa kwesofthiwe ye-BBU. Ukusebenzisa kabusha isofthiwe okusebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuhlanganisa kusiza ukukhulisa izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (TCO) ze-RAN.
• Nokho, izindleko zokuthutha zidinga ukucatshangelwa. I-backhaul ye-DRAN yendabuko ngokuvamile kube ulayini oqashisiwe onikezwa u-opharetha wenethiwekhi yeselula ngama-opharetha wenethiwekhi egxilile. Imigqa eqashiwe ingabiza, futhi izindleko zinomthelela omkhulu ohlelweni lwebhizinisi lapho i-DU kufanele ibe khona.
• Inkampani yabaxhumanisi i-Senza Fili kanye nomthengisi we-vRAN uMavenir balinganise izindleko ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni okwenziwe namakhasimende e-Mavenir, Intel, kanye ne-HFR Networks6. Kuqhathaniswe izimo ezimbili:
• Ama-DU atholakala nama-RRU ezindaweni zamaseli. I-Midhaul transport isetshenziswa phakathi kwe-DU ne-CU.
• Ama-DU atholakala nama-CU. Izinto zokuthutha ezihamba phambili zisetshenziswa phakathi kwe-RRU ne-DU/CU.
• I-CU ibisesikhungweni sedatha lapho izinsiza zehadiwe zingahlanganiswa kuwo wonke ama-RRU. Ucwaningo lumodela izindleko ze-CU, DU, kanye ne-midhaul kanye ne-fronthaul transport, ehlanganisa kokubili
• I-OPEX kanye ne-Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyisithupha.
• Ukuhlanganisa i-DU kwandisa izindleko zokuthutha, ngakho umbuzo wawuwukuthi ingabe izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa ziyazidlula izindleko zokuthutha. Ucwaningo luthole:
• Ama-opharetha anezindleko eziphansi zokuthutha eziya ezindaweni eziningi zamaseli abo angcono uma ehlanganisa i-DU ne-CU. Bangakwazi ukusika i-TCO yabo ngamaphesenti angama-42.
• Abasebenzisi abanezindleko zokuthutha eziphezulu banganciphisa i-TCO yabo ngamaphesenti angu-15 ngokubamba i-DU endaweni yeseli.
• Ukonga kwezindleko okuhlobene nakho kuncike kumthamo weseli kanye ne-spectrum esetshenzisiwe. I-DU endaweni yeseli, isiboneloample, ingase isetshenziswe kancane futhi ingakala ukuze isekele amaseli engeziwe noma umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ngezindleko ezifanayo.
• Kungase kwenzeke ukuhlanganisa ukucutshungulwa kwe-RAN kufika ku-200km ukusuka endaweni yomsakazo kumodeli ye-"Cloud RAN". Ucwaningo oluhlukile lwe-Senza Fili kanye ne-Mavenir luthole ukuthi i-Cloud RAN ingehlisa izindleko ngamaphesenti angu-7 phakathi neminyaka emihlanu, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-DRAN. Ukuhlanganisa i-BBU nokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwehadiwe kusiza ukwehlisa izindleko. Ukonga kwe-OPEX kuvela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokulungisa nezokusebenza. Izindawo ezibekwe endaweni eyodwa kungenzeka kube lula ukufinyelela kuzo nokuphatha kunezindawo zamaseli, futhi iziza zamaseli nazo zingaba zincane ngoba kunemishini encane edingekayo lapho.
• Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuhlanganisa ndawonye kwenza kube lula ukukala njengoba izidingo zethrafikhi zishintsha. Kulula ukwengeza iziphakeli zenhloso evamile endaweni yezinsiza kunokuthuthukisa ihadiwe yobunikazi kusayithi yeseli. Ama-CoSP angakwazi ukufanisa kangcono izindleko zawo zehadiwe nokukhula kwemali engenayo, ngaphandle kokudinga ukusebenzisa ihadiwe manje elizokwazi ukuphatha ithrafikhi eminyakeni emihlanu.
• Ingakanani inethiwekhi okumelwe yenziwe?
• Ucwaningo lwe-ACG kanye ne-Red Hat ziqhathanise inani lezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (TCO) zenethiwekhi yokufinyelela yomsakazo oSabalalisiwe (DRAN) kanye ne-virtualized RAN (vRAN)8. Balinganisela ukuthi izindleko ezinkulu (CAPEX) ze-vRAN zaziyingxenye ye-DRAN. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kwehle ngenxa yokuphumelela kwezindleko zokuba nemishini emincane ezindaweni ezimbalwa kusetshenziswa ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa.
• Ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi izindleko zokusebenza (OPEX) zaziphezulu kakhulu ku-DRAN kune-vRAN. Lokhu kube umphumela wokwehliswa kwezindleko zokuqasha indawo, ukulungiswa, ukuqashiswa kwe-fiber, namandla kanye nezindleko zokupholisa.
• Imodeli ibisekelwe kuMhlinzeki Wesevisi Yezokuxhumana we-Tier 1 (CoSP) eneziteshi eziyisisekelo ezingu-12,000 manje, kanye nesidingo sokwengeza ezingu-11,000 eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Ingabe i-CoSP kufanele isebenzise yonke i-RAN, noma amasayithi amasha nanwetshiwe nje?
• Ucwaningo lwe-ACG luthole ukuthi ukonga kwe-TCO kwakungamaphesenti angama-27 lapho kuphela amasayithi amasha nokukhula enziwa nge-virtual. Ukonga kwe-TCO kukhuphuke kwafinyelela kumaphesenti angama-44 lapho zonke izingosi zenziwe nge-virtual.
• 27%
  • Ukonga i-TCO
• Ukwenza ngokoqobo amasayithi e-RAN amasha nanwetshiwe
• 44%
  • Ukonga i-TCO
• Ukwenza ngokoqobo wonke amasayithi e-RAN
• Ucwaningo lwe-ACG. Ngokusekelwe kunethiwekhi yezindawo ezingu-12,000 ezinezinhlelo zokwengeza ezingu-11,000 eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.

Ikesi le-Open vRAN esizeni seseli

• Amanye ama-CoSP asebenzisa i-Open vRAN kusayithi yeseli ngezizathu zamasu, ngisho noma ukuhlanganisa i-baseband kungalethi ukonga izindleko.
  Ukudala inethiwekhi eguquguqukayo esekwe emafini
• I-CoSP eyodwa esikhulume nayo igcizelele ukubaluleka kokukwazi ukubeka imisebenzi yenethiwekhi nomaphi lapho ihlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kocezu lwenethiwekhi ethile.
• Lokhu kwenzeka uma usebenzisa izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zenjongo evamile kuyo yonke inethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa ne-RAN. I
  umsebenzi wendiza yomsebenzisi, isiboneloample, ingathuthelwa kusayithi le-RAN emaphethelweni enethiwekhi. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukubambezeleka.
• Izicelo zalokhu zifaka amageyimu wamafu, okwangempela okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona/okungokoqobo okungokoqobo, noma ukugcinwa kwesikhashana kokuqukethwe.
• Ihadiwe yenjongo evamile ingase isetshenziselwe ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho i-RAN inesidingo esiphansi. Kuzoba namahora amatasa namahora okuthula, futhi i-RAN izoba njalo
  ihlinzekelwe ngokweqile ukuze ibhekele ukukhula kwethrafikhi esikhathini esizayo. Umthamo oyisipele kuseva ungase usetshenziselwe isayithi yeseli umthwalo womsebenzi we-inthanethi Yezinto, noma i-RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), ethuthukisa ukuphathwa kwensiza yomsakazo isebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini.
• Ukutholakala kwe-granular okwengeziwe kungasiza ukwehlisa izindleko
• Ukuba nokuxhumana okuvulekile kunikeza opharetha inkululeko yokuthola izingxenye noma yikuphi. Yandisa ukuncintisana phakathi kwabathengisi bemishini yocingo bendabuko, kodwa akugcini lapho. Iphinde inikeze ama-opharetha amandla okuvumelana nezimo ukuze bathole abakhiqizi bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ngaphambilini abangazange bathengise ngokuqondile kunethiwekhi. Ukusebenzisana kuvula imakethe ezinkampanini ezintsha zesoftware ye-vRAN, futhi, ezingaletha izinto ezintsha futhi zandise ukuncintisana kwamanani.
• Abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukuzuza izindleko eziphansi ngokuthola izingxenye, ikakhulukazi umsakazo, ngokuqondile, kunokuba bazithenge ngomkhiqizi wemishini ye-telecom.
  (TEM). Irediyo ilandisa ngesabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sesabelomali se-RAN, ngakho ukonga izindleko lapha kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kuzo zonke izindleko. Ilayisense yesofthiwe ye-BBU iyizindleko eziyinhloko ze-OPEX, ngakho-ke ukuncintisana okukhulayo kungqimba yesofthiwe ye-RAN kusiza ukwehlisa izindleko eziqhubekayo.
• Ku-Mobile World Congress 2018, iVodafone Chief Technology
• Isikhulu uJohan Wibergh ukhulume ngezinyanga eziyisithupha zale nkampani
• Vula ukuhlolwa kwe-RAN e-India. “Sikwazile ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-30, sisebenzisa i-architecture evulekile kakhulu, ngokukwazi ukuthola izingxenye ezivela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene," esho9.
• 30% ukonga izindleko
• Kusukela ekutholeni izingxenye ngokwehlukana.
• Isivivinyo se-Vodafone se-Open RAN, e-India

Ukwakha inkundla yamasevisi amasha

• Ukuba namandla okuhlanganisa inhloso evamile emaphethelweni enethiwekhi kwenza ama-CoSPs akwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi ebhekene nekhasimende lapho. Kanye nokukwazi ukusingatha imithwalo yomsebenzi eduze kakhulu nomsebenzisi, ama-CoSP ayakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza. Lokhu kungabasiza ukuthi baqhudelane nabahlinzeki bensizakalo yamafu ngemithwalo yemisebenzi enqenqemeni.
  Amasevisi e-Edge adinga i-architecture yamafu esabalalisiwe, esekelwa i-orchestration nokuphathwa. Lokhu kunganikwa amandla ngokuba ne-RAN eyenziwe yabonwa ngokugcwele esebenza ngezimiso zamafu. Ngempela, ukwenza i-RAN kungenye yezindlela zokubona i-edge computing.
• Isofthiwe ye-Intel® Smart Edge Open inikeza isethi yamathuluzi esofthiwe ye-Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC). Kuyasiza ukufeza
  ukusebenza okuthuthuke kakhulu, okusekelwe kuzinsiza zehadiwe ezitholakala noma kuphi lapho uhlelo lusebenza khona.
  Amasevisi onqenqema e-CoSPs angase akhange ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukubambezeleka okuphansi, ukusebenza okungaguquki, namazinga aphezulu okwethembeka.

Ukuvumelana kusiza ukwehlisa izindleko

• I-Virtualization ingaletha ukonga izindleko, ngisho nakumasayithi lapho i-baseband pooling ingeke isetshenziswe. Kukhona izinzuzo ku-
• I-CoSP kanye ne-RAN estate iyonke ekubeni ne-architecture engaguquki.
• Ukuba nesoftware eyodwa nesitaki sehadiwe kwenza ukunakekelwa, ukuqeqeshwa, nokusekelwa kube lula. Amathuluzi ajwayelekile angasetshenziswa ukuphatha wonke amasayithi, ngaphandle kokudinga ukuhlukanisa phakathi kobuchwepheshe bawo obuyisisekelo.

Ukulungiselela ikusasa

• Ukusuka ku-DRAN ukuya enkabeni yezakhiwo ze-RAN kuzothatha isikhathi. Ukubuyekeza i-RAN esizeni seseli ukuze Ivule i-vRAN kuyisitebhisi esihle. Inika amandla ukwakheka kwesoftware okungaguquki ukuthi kwethulwe kusenesikhathi, ukuze amasayithi afanelekile abe phakathi nendawo kalula ngokuzayo. Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezisetshenziswe kumasayithi weseli zingathuthelwa endaweni emaphakathi ye-RAN noma zisetshenziselwe eminye imithwalo yemisebenzi enqenqemeni, kwenze ukutshalwa kwezimali kwanamuhla kube wusizo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umnotho we-backhaul yeselula ungase ushintshe kakhulu esikhathini esizayo kwezinye noma zonke izingosi ze-CoSP's RAN, futhi. Amasayithi angasebenzi ku-RAN emaphakathi namuhla angase asebenze kangcono uma uxhumo olushibhile lwe-fronthaul lutholakala. Ukusebenzisa i-RAN eyenziwe ngokoqobo endaweni yeseli kuvumela i-CoSP ukuthi
  beka phakathi nendawo kamuva uma lokho kuba inketho engabizi kakhulu.

Ibala inani lezindleko zobunikazi (TCO)

• Nakuba izindleko kungesona isisusa esiyinhloko sokuthatha
• Vula ubuchwepheshe be-vRAN ezimweni eziningi, kungaba khona ukonga izindleko. Okuningi kuncike ekusetshenzisweni okuthile.
• Awekho amanethiwekhi o-opharetha amabili afanayo. Ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ngayinye, kunokuhlukahluka okukhulu kuzo zonke izingosi zamaseli. I-topology yenethiwekhi esebenzela izindawo zasemadolobheni eziminyene ingase ingazifanele izindawo zasemakhaya. I-spectrum esetshenziswa isayithi yeseli izoba nomthelela kumkhawulokudonsa odingekayo, okuzothinta izindleko ze-fronthaul. Izinketho zokuthutha ezitholakalayo ze-fronthaul zinomthelela omkhulu kumodeli yezindleko.
• Okulindelekile ukuthi esikhathini eside, ukusebenzisa i-Open vRAN kungase kubize kakhulu kunokusebenzisa i-hardware ezinikele, futhi kuzoba lula ukukala.
• I-Accenture ibike ukuthi ibona ukonga kwe-CAPEX okungamaphesenti angu-49 lapho ubuchwepheshe obuvuliwe be-vRAN buye basetshenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kwe-5G10. UGoldman Sachs ubike isibalo esifanayo se-CAPEX samaphesenti angama-50, waphinde washicilela ukonga kwezindleko okungamaphesenti angama-35 ku-OPEX11.
• Kwa-Intel, sisebenzisana nama-CoSP aholayo ukumodela i-TCO ye-Open vRAN, okuhlanganisa kokubili i-CAPEX ne-OPEX. Nakuba i-CAPEX iqondwa kahle, silangazelela ukubona ucwaningo olunemininingwane eyengeziwe yokuthi izindleko zokusebenza ze-vRAN ziqhathaniswa kanjani nezinto zikagesi ezizinikele. Sisebenza ne-Open vRAN ecosystem ukuze sihlole lokhu ngokuqhubekayo.

U-50% we-CAPEX wonga kusuka ku-Open vRAN 35% OPEX ulondoloza ku-Open vRAN Goldman Sachs

Ukusebenzisa i-Open RAN kuzo zonke izizukulwane ezingenazintambo

• Ukwethulwa kwe-5G kuyimbangela yoshintsho olukhulu kunethiwekhi yokufinyelela kumsakazo (RAN). Izinsizakalo ze-5G zizolamba umkhawulokudonsa futhi zisavela, okwenza ukwakheka okunwebekayo nokuguquguqukayo kufiseleke kakhulu. Inethiwekhi yokufinyelela kumsakazo evuliwe futhi eyenziwe nge-virtual (Vula i-vRAN) ingenza i-5G ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa kumanethiwekhi asendaweni eluhlaza okotshani, kodwa bambalwa o-opharetha abaqala ekuqaleni. Labo abanamanethiwekhi akhona basengozini yokuphela ngezitaki ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ezifanayo: eyodwa evulekele i-5G, kanti enye esekelwe kubuchwepheshe obuvaliwe, bokuphathelene nezizukulwane zangaphambili zenethiwekhi.
• I-Parallel Wireless ibika ukuthi ama-opharetha athuthukisa izakhiwo zabo zefa nge-Open vRAN balindele ukubona imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali eminyakeni emithathu12. Abasebenzisi abangawenzi abesimanje amanethiwekhi wabo wefa bangase babone izindleko zokusebenza (i-OPEX) ukusuka kumaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-50 ngaphezu komncintiswano, izilinganiso ze-Parallel Wireless13.
• 3 iminyaka Isikhathi esithathiwe ukuze ubone imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali kusukela ekwenzeni amanethiwekhi efa abesimanje kuya ku-Open vRAN. I-Parallel Wireless14

Isiphetho

• Ama-CoSP aya ngokuya amukela i-Open vRAN ukuze athuthukise ukuguquguquka, ukunwebeka, kanye nempumelelo yezindleko zamanethiwekhi awo. Ucwaningo oluvela ku-ACG Research kanye ne-Parallel Wireless lubonisa ukuthi uma i-Open vRAN isetshenziswa kabanzi, kuba nomthelela omkhulu engaba nawo ekwehliseni izindleko. I-CoSPs yamukela i-Open vRAN ngezizathu zamasu, futhi. Inikeza inethiwekhi ukuguquguquka okufana nefu futhi ikhulisa amandla okuxoxisana e-CoSP lapho ithola izingxenye ze-RAN. Kumasayithi lapho ukuhlanganisa ndawonye kungabonakalisi izindleko eziphansi, kusekhona ukongiwa kokusebenzisa isitaki sobuchwepheshe esingaguquki esizeni somsakazo nasezindaweni ezimaphakathi zokucubungula i-RAN. Ukuba nekhompiyutha yenhloso evamile emaphethelweni enethiwekhi kungasiza ama-CoSP ukuthi aqhudelane nabahlinzeki besevisi yamafu ngomthwalo osemaphethelweni. I-Intel isebenza nama-CoSP aholayo ukumodela i-TCO ye-Open vRAN. Imodeli yethu ye-TCO ihlose ukusiza ama-CoSPs ukuthi athuthukise izindleko nokuguquguquka kwefa lawo le-RAN.

Funda kabanzi

• I-Intel eGuide: Isebenzisa i-Open and Intelligent RAN
• I-Intel Infographic: Ukwenza amafu Inethiwekhi Yokufinyelela Kumsakazo
• Iyiphi Indlela Engcono Kakhulu Yokuthola Ukuze Uvule I-RAN?
• Yimalini Abasebenzi Bangagcina Nge-Cloud RAN?
• I-Advan YezomnothotagI-Virtualization ye-RAN kungqalasizinda ye-Mobile Operators
• Kwenzekani Ekuthumeleni i-TCO lapho ama-Mobile Operators Deploy OpenRAN only for 5G?
• I-Intel® Smart Edge Open

1. Vula i-RAN Isethelwe Ukuthwebula u-10% Wemakethe ngo-2025, 2 Septhemba 2020, SDX Central; ngokusekelwe kudatha evela kumbiko wezindaba we-Dell'Oro Group: Vula i-RAN ukuze Usondele Ukwabelana kwe-RAN ye-Double-Digit, 1 Septhemba 2020.
2. Ukubikezela kobuchwepheshe, imidiya, kanye nezokuxhumana ngocingo 2021, 7 Disemba 2020, Deloitte
3. I-Virtualized RAN - Vol 1, April 2021, Samsung
4. I-Virtualized RAN - Vol 2, April 2021, Samsung
5. Iyiphi Indlela Engcono Kakhulu Yokuthola Ukuze Uvule I-RAN?, 2021, Mavenir
6. ibid
7. Yimalini Abasebenzi Bangagcina Nge-Cloud RAN?, 2017, Mavenir
8. I-Advan Yezomnothotages of Virtualizing the RAN in Mobile Operators' Infrastructure, 30 September 2019, ACG Research and Red Hat 9 Facebook, TIP Advance Wireless Networking With Terragraph, 26 February 2018, SDX Central
9. I-Accenture Strategy, 2019, njengoba kubikwe ku-Open RAN Integration: Run With It, April 2020, iGR
10. IGoldman Sachs Global Investment Research, 2019, njengoba kubikwe ku-Open RAN Integration: Run With It, April 2020, iGR
11. ibid
12. ibid

Izaziso & Ukuzihlangula

• Ubuchwepheshe be-Intel bungadinga ihadiwe enikwe amandla, isofthiwe noma isevisi isebenze.
• Awukho umkhiqizo noma ingxenye engavikeleka ngokuphelele.
• Izindleko zakho nemiphumela ingahluka.
• I-Intel ayilawuli noma ihlole idatha yomuntu wesithathu. Kufanele uthintane neminye imithombo ukuze uhlole ukunemba.
• © Intel Corporation. I-Intel, ilogo ye-Intel, nezinye izimpawu ze-Intel yizimpawu zokuthengisa ze-Intel Corporation noma izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo. Amanye amagama namabhrendi angafunwa njengempahla yabanye. 0821/SMEY/CAT/PDF Sicela usebenzise kabusha 348227-001EN

Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza

i-intel Ukwenza Ikesi Lebhizinisi le-RAN evuliwe futhi ebonakalayo [pdf] Iziyalezo Ukwenza Ikesi Lebhizinisi libe I-RAN Evuliwe futhi I-Virtualized, Ukwenza Ikesi Lebhizinisi, Ikesi Lebhizinisi, I-Open and Virtualized RAN, Case

Izithenjwa

• Imaniwali yosebenzisayo