intel Yin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci don Buɗewa da Mai Kyau RAN

An saita RAN buɗewa da ƙima don haɓaka cikin sauri

Buɗewa da ingantaccen hanyar sadarwar hanyar sadarwa ta rediyo (Buɗe vRAN) fasahohin na iya girma zuwa kusan kashi 10 na jimlar kasuwar RAN nan da 2025, bisa ga ƙiyasin Dell'Oro Group1. Wannan yana wakiltar ci gaba mai sauri, idan aka ba da cewa Open vRAN shine kawai kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na kasuwar RAN a yau.
Akwai fuskoki biyu don Buɗe vRAN:

• Ƙwarewa yana rarraba software daga kayan aiki kuma yana ba da damar aikin RAN don aiki akan sabar manufa ta gaba ɗaya. Babban manufar hardware ya fi
  sassauƙa da sauƙi don sikeli fiye da RAN tushen kayan aiki.
• Yana da ɗan sauƙi don ƙara sabbin ayyukan RAN da haɓaka aiki ta amfani da haɓaka software.
• Ana iya amfani da ƙa'idodin IT da aka tabbatar kamar sadarwar da aka ayyana software (SDN), ɗan ƙasan girgije, da DevOps. Akwai ingantaccen aiki a cikin yadda ake saita hanyar sadarwa, sake daidaitawa, da inganta su; haka kuma a cikin gano kuskure, gyara, da rigakafin.
• Buɗe musaya yana ba masu ba da Sabis na Sadarwa (CoSPs) damar samo abubuwan RAN su daga masu siyarwa daban-daban da haɗa su cikin sauƙi.
• Haɗin kai yana taimakawa haɓaka gasa a cikin RAN duka akan farashi da fasali.
• Ana iya amfani da Virtualized RAN ba tare da buɗe hanyoyin sadarwa ba, amma fa'idodin sun fi girma idan aka haɗa dabarun biyu.
• Sha'awa a cikin vRAN yana ƙaruwa kwanan nan, tare da yawancin masu aiki suna shiga gwaji da tura su na farko.
• Deloitte yayi kiyasin akwai 35 Buɗe vRAN turawa a duk duniya2. Ana amfani da tsarin gine-ginen software na FlexRAN na Intel don sarrafa baseband a cikin aƙalla turawa 31 a duk duniya (duba Hoto na 1).
• A cikin wannan takarda, mun bincika yanayin kasuwanci don Buɗe vRAN. Za mu tattauna fa'idodin farashi na hada-hadar haɗin gwiwa, da dabarun dabarun da yasa Buɗe vRAN har yanzu yana da kyawawa lokacin haɗawa ba zai yiwu ba.

Gabatar da sabon RAN topology

• A cikin ƙirar gargajiya Rarraba RAN (DRAN), sarrafa RAN ana aiwatar da shi kusa da eriyar rediyo.
  Virtualized RAN yana raba RAN zuwa bututun ayyuka, wanda za'a iya raba shi a cikin rukunin da aka rarraba (DU) da naúrar tsakiya (CU). Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don rarraba RAN, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2. Zaɓuɓɓuka na 2 na Split yana ba da izini na Fakitin Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) da Resource Resource Control (RRC) a cikin CU, yayin da sauran ayyukan baseband ana gudanar da su a cikin DU. Ana iya raba aikin PHY tsakanin DU da Remote Rediyo Unit (RRU).

AdvantagTsarin gine-ginen RAN tsaga sune:

• Bayar da aikin Low-PHY a RRU yana rage buƙatar bandwidth na gaba. A cikin 4G, Zaɓuɓɓuka 8 an fi amfani da tsaga. Tare da 5G, haɓakar bandwidth yana sa Zaɓin 8 ba zai yiwu ba don yanayin 5G tsaye (SA). (5G wanda ba na tsaye ba (NSA) turawa har yanzu na iya amfani da Zaɓin 8 azaman gado).
• Za a iya inganta ingancin kwarewa. Lokacin da core
  An rarraba jirgin sama mai sarrafawa zuwa CU, CU ya zama wurin anka na motsi. A sakamakon haka, akwai ƙarancin hannun hannu fiye da yadda ake samu lokacin da DU shine madaidaicin anka3.
• Bayar da PDCP a CU kuma yana taimakawa wajen daidaita nauyi yayin tallafawa iyawar haɗin haɗin biyu (DC).
  na 5G a cikin gine-ginen NSA. Ba tare da wannan rarrabuwa ba, kayan aikin mai amfani za su haɗa zuwa tashoshin tushe guda biyu (4G da 5G) amma tashar tushe kawai za a yi amfani da ita don sarrafa rafukan ta aikin PDCP. Yin amfani da tsaga zaɓi 2, aikin PDCP yana faruwa a tsakiya, don haka DUs sun fi dacewa da nauyin nauyi-daidaitacce4.

Rage farashi ta hanyar hada-hadar baseband

• Hanya ɗaya da Buɗe vRAN zai iya taimakawa don rage farashi shine ta haɗa aikin sarrafa baseband. Ɗaya daga cikin CU na iya yin hidimar DUs da yawa, kuma DUs za a iya kasancewa tare da CUs don ingantaccen farashi. Ko da an karɓi DU a rukunin tantanin halitta, ana iya samun inganci saboda DU na iya yin hidimar RRU da yawa, kuma farashin kowane bit yana raguwa yayin da ƙarfin tantanin halitta ke girma5. Software da ke gudana akan kayan aikin kashe-kashe na kasuwanci na iya zama mai saurin amsawa, da ma'auni mafi sassauƙa, fiye da keɓaɓɓen kayan aikin da ke buƙatar aikin hannu don ƙima da daidaitawa.
• Baseband pooling ba keɓanta ga Buɗe vRAN ba: a cikin al'ada RAN, rukunin rukunin tushe (BBUs) wani lokaci an haɗa su a cikin ƙarin wuraren da aka fi sani da BBU otal. An haɗa su da RRUs akan fiber mai sauri. Yana rage farashin kayan aiki a wurin kuma yana rage yawan juzu'in manyan motoci don girka da sabis na kayan aiki. Otal-otal na BBU suna ba da ƙarancin ƙima don ƙima, kodayake. BBUs na hardware ba su da duk abubuwan inganta kayan aikitages of virtualization, ko sassauƙa don gudanar da ayyuka da yawa da bambanta.
• Ayyukanmu tare da CoSPs sun gano cewa mafi girman farashin aiki (OPEX) a cikin RAN shine lasisin software na BBU. Ingantacciyar sake amfani da software ta hanyar haɗawa yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka jimillar kuɗin mallakar (TCO) na RAN.
• Koyaya, ana buƙatar la'akari da farashin sufuri. Tsarin baya na DRAN na gargajiya ya kasance layin haya wanda aka samar wa afaretan cibiyar sadarwar tafi da gidanka ta kafaffen afaretocin cibiyar sadarwa. Layukan da aka yi hayar na iya zama tsada, kuma farashin yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan tsarin kasuwanci don inda ya kamata a kasance DU.
• Kamfanin mai ba da shawara Senza Fili da vRAN dillali Mavenir sun ƙididdige farashin dangane da gwajin da aka gudanar tare da abokan cinikin Mavenir, Intel, da HFR Networks6. An kwatanta yanayi biyu:
• DUs suna tare da RRUs a rukunin yanar gizon. Ana amfani da jigilar Midhaul tsakanin DU da CU.
• DUs suna tare da CUs. Ana amfani da sufuri na Fronthaul tsakanin RRUs da DU/CU.
• CU ta kasance a cikin cibiyar bayanai inda za'a iya tattara albarkatun kayan aiki a cikin RRUs. Binciken ya tsara farashin CU, DU, da midhaul da sufuri na gaba, yana rufe duka biyun
• OPEX da babban kashe kudi (CAPEX) na tsawon shekaru shida.
• Tsayar da DU yana ƙara farashin sufuri, don haka tambayar ita ce ko ribar da aka samu ta zarce farashin sufuri. Binciken ya gano:
• Masu gudanar da jigilar kayayyaki masu rahusa zuwa galibin gidajen yanar gizon su sun fi dacewa da daidaita DU tare da CU. Za su iya yanke TCO ɗin su har zuwa kashi 42.
• Ma'aikata masu tsadar sufuri na iya yanke TCO ɗin su har zuwa kashi 15 ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin DU a rukunin tantanin halitta.
• Adadin tsadar dangi shima ya dogara da ƙarfin tantanin halitta da bakan da aka yi amfani da su. A DU a shafin salula, don misaliample, ƙila ba za a yi amfani da shi ba kuma yana iya ƙima don tallafawa ƙarin sel ko mafi girma bandwidth a farashi ɗaya.
• Yana iya yiwuwa a daidaita sarrafa RAN har zuwa 200km daga gidan rediyo a cikin samfurin "Cloud RAN". Wani bincike na Senza Fili da Mavenir7 ya gano cewa Cloud RAN na iya rage farashin da kashi 37 cikin ɗari sama da shekaru biyar, idan aka kwatanta da DRAN. Haɗin BBU da ingantaccen amfani da kayan masarufi suna taimakawa rage farashi. Tattalin Arziki na OPEX ya fito ne daga ƙarancin kulawa da farashin ayyuka. Wuraren da aka keɓe na iya zama da sauƙi don shiga da sarrafawa fiye da shafukan tantanin halitta, kuma shafukan tantanin halitta na iya zama ƙanana saboda akwai ƙarancin kayan aikin da ake buƙata a wurin.
• Haɓakawa da haɓakawa tare suna ba da sauƙin ƙima yayin da zirga-zirgar zirga-zirga ke canzawa. Yana da sauƙi don ƙara ƙarin sabar manufa ta gaba ɗaya zuwa tafkin albarkatu fiye da haɓaka kayan aikin mallaka a rukunin tantanin halitta. CoSPs na iya dacewa da kashe kayan aikin su zuwa haɓakar kudaden shiga, ba tare da buƙatar tura kayan aikin yanzu waɗanda za su iya sarrafa zirga-zirga cikin shekaru biyar ba.
• Nawa ne na hanyar sadarwar da za a yi amfani da su?
• Binciken ACG da Red Hat sun kwatanta kiyasin jimillar kuɗin mallakar (TCO) don hanyar sadarwar samun damar rediyo da Rarraba (DRAN) da RAN (vRAN) 8. Sun kiyasta babban kashe kudi (CAPEX) na vRAN shine rabin na DRAN. Wannan ya dogara ne akan ingancin farashi daga samun ƙarancin kayan aiki a ƙananan rukunin yanar gizo ta amfani da tsarin tsakiya.
• Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashe kuɗin aiki (OPEX) ya fi girma ga DRAN fiye da vRAN. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon raguwar hayar rukunin yanar gizo, kulawa, hayar fiber, da farashin wuta da sanyaya.
• Samfurin ya dogara ne akan Mai Ba da Sabis na Sadarwar Tier 1 (CoSP) tare da tashoshin tushe 12,000 a yanzu, kuma ana buƙatar ƙara 11,000 a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa. Shin ya kamata CoSP ya daidaita dukkan RAN, ko kawai sabbin rukunin yanar gizo da fadada?
• Binciken ACG ya gano cewa tanadin TCO ya kasance kashi 27 cikin ɗari lokacin da sabbin rukunin yanar gizo da ci gaba kawai aka daidaita. Ajiye TCO ya ƙaru zuwa kashi 44 lokacin da duk rukunin yanar gizon suka kasance masu ƙima.
• 27%
  • TCO ceto
• Haɓaka sabbin rukunin yanar gizon RAN kawai
• 44%
  • TCO ceto
• Haɓaka duk rukunin yanar gizon RAN
• Binciken ACG. Dangane da hanyar sadarwa na shafuka 12,000 tare da shirye-shiryen ƙara 11,000 a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa.

Shari'ar Buɗe vRAN a rukunin salula

• Wasu CoSPs suna ɗaukar Buɗe vRAN a rukunin yanar gizon tantanin halitta don dalilai masu mahimmanci, koda lokacin haɗaɗɗen tushe ba ya isar da tanadin farashi.
  Ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa mai sassauƙa ta tushen girgije
• Ɗayan CoSP da muka yi magana da shi ya jaddada mahimmancin samun damar sanya ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa a duk inda suka ba da mafi kyawun aiki don wani yanki na cibiyar sadarwa.
• Wannan yana yiwuwa idan kun yi amfani da kayan aikin gama-gari a cikin hanyar sadarwar, gami da na RAN. The
  aikin jirgin mai amfani, ga misaliample, za a iya matsawa zuwa shafin RAN a gefen hanyar sadarwa. Wannan yana rage latency sosai.
• Aikace-aikace don wannan sun haɗa da wasan girgije, haɓakar gaskiya/gaskiya ta zahiri, ko caching abun ciki.
• Ana iya amfani da kayan aikin gabaɗaya don wasu aikace-aikace lokacin da RAN ke da ƙarancin buƙata. Za a yi sa'o'i masu aiki da sa'o'i na shiru, kuma RAN zai kasance a kowane hali
  ƙetare don samar da ci gaban zirga-zirga a nan gaba. Za a iya amfani da keɓancewar keɓan uwar garken don aikin gidan yanar gizo na Abubuwa, ko don RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), wanda ke haɓaka sarrafa albarkatun rediyo ta amfani da hankali na wucin gadi da koyon injin.
• Ƙarin ɓangarorin granular na iya taimakawa wajen rage farashi
• Samun musaya masu buɗewa yana ba masu aiki 'yanci don samo abubuwan haɗin gwiwa daga ko'ina. Yana ƙara gasa tsakanin masu sayar da kayan aikin sadarwa na gargajiya, amma wannan ba duka ba. Hakanan yana ba masu aiki sassauci don samo tushe daga masana'antun kayan masarufi waɗanda a baya ba su sayar da su kai tsaye zuwa cibiyar sadarwar ba. Haɗin kai yana buɗe kasuwa ga sabbin kamfanonin software na vRAN, suma, waɗanda zasu iya kawo sabbin abubuwa da haɓaka gasar farashi.
• Masu aiki za su iya samun ƙananan farashi ta hanyar samo kayan aiki, musamman rediyo, kai tsaye, maimakon siyan su ta hanyar masana'antar kayan aikin sadarwa.
  (TEM). Rediyon yana da kaso mafi girma na kasafin kuɗin RAN, don haka tanadin farashi a nan zai iya yin tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙimar gabaɗaya. Lasisin software na BBU shine farkon farashin OPEX, don haka haɓaka gasa a cikin layin software na RAN yana taimakawa wajen rage farashi mai gudana.
• A Mobile World Congress 2018, Vodafone Chief Technology
• Jami'in Johan Wibergh yayi magana game da watanni shida na kamfanin
• Bude gwajin RAN a Indiya. "Mun sami damar rage farashin yin aiki da fiye da kashi 30 cikin 9, ta hanyar amfani da gine-ginen da ya fi buɗewa, ta hanyar samun damar samar da kayan aiki daga sassa daban-daban," in ji shiXNUMX.
• 30% ceton farashi
• Daga abubuwan da aka samo asali daban.
• Vodafone's Open RAN gwaji, Indiya

Gina dandamali don sababbin ayyuka

• Samun ikon ƙididdige maƙasudi na gaba ɗaya a ƙarshen hanyar sadarwar kuma yana ba CoSPs damar ɗaukar nauyin aikin abokin ciniki a wurin. Kazalika samun damar ɗaukar nauyin aiki kusa da mai amfani, CoSPs suna iya ba da garantin aiki. Wannan zai iya taimaka musu don yin gasa tare da masu samar da sabis na girgije don nauyin aiki na gefe.
  Sabis na Edge yana buƙatar rarraba gine-ginen gajimare, mai goyan bayan ƙungiyar makaɗa da gudanarwa. Ana iya kunna wannan ta hanyar samun cikakkiyar RAN mai aiki da ƙa'idodin girgije. Tabbas, yin amfani da RAN yana ɗaya daga cikin direbobi don gane ƙididdigar ƙira.
• Intel® Smart Edge Buɗe software yana ba da kayan aikin software don Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC). Yana taimakawa wajen cimmawa
  ingantaccen aiki, dangane da albarkatun kayan masarufi da ake samu a duk inda aikace-aikacen ke gudana.
  Sabis na gefen CoSPs na iya zama kyakkyawa ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarancin jinkiri, daidaitaccen aiki, da manyan matakan dogaro.

Daidaitawa yana taimakawa wajen fitar da farashi

• Ƙwarewa na iya sadar da tanadin farashi, har ma a cikin rukunin yanar gizon da ba za a iya amfani da haɗin ginin ba. Akwai fa'ida ga
• CoSP da RAN estate gaba ɗaya don samun daidaiton gine-gine.
• Samun software guda ɗaya da tari na hardware yana sauƙaƙa kulawa, horo, da tallafi. Ana iya amfani da kayan aikin gama gari don sarrafa duk rukunin yanar gizon, ba tare da buƙatar bambance tsakanin fasahohin su ba.

Ana shirya don gaba

• Motsawa daga DRAN zuwa mafi girman gine-ginen RAN zai ɗauki lokaci. Ɗaukaka RAN a wurin tantanin halitta zuwa Buɗe vRAN dutse ne mai kyau. Yana ba da damar ƙaddamar da ingantaccen tsarin ƙirar software da wuri, ta yadda za a iya sanya wuraren da suka dace cikin sauƙi nan gaba. Kayan aikin da aka tura a rukunin yanar gizon tantanin halitta za a iya matsar da su zuwa wurin RAN da aka keɓe ko kuma a yi amfani da su don wasu nauyin aiki na gefe, yana sa hannun jarin yau yana da amfani a cikin dogon lokaci. Tattalin arzikin baya na wayar hannu na iya canzawa sosai a nan gaba don wasu ko duk na rukunin RAN na CoSP, suma. Shafukan da ba su da amfani don RAN tsakiya a yau na iya zama mafi inganci idan haɗin gaban gaba mai rahusa ya samu. Gudun RAN mai ƙima a rukunin yanar gizo yana bawa CoSP damar
  tsakiya daga baya idan hakan ya zama zaɓi mai inganci mai tsada.

Ƙididdiga jimlar kuɗin mallakar (TCO)

• Duk da yake farashi ba shine dalilin farko na ɗauka ba
• Bude fasahar vRAN a lokuta da yawa, ana iya samun tanadin farashi. Don haka ya dogara da takamaiman turawa.
• Babu cibiyoyin sadarwar afareta guda biyu da suka yi daidai. A cikin kowace hanyar sadarwa, akwai ɗimbin bambance-bambance a cikin rukunin yanar gizo. Cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa da ke aiki ga yankunan birni masu yawan jama'a bazai dace da yankunan karkara ba. Bakan da shafin tantanin halitta ke amfani da shi zai yi tasiri akan bandwidth da ake buƙata, wanda zai shafi farashin gaba. Zaɓuɓɓukan sufuri da ake samu don fronthaul suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙirar farashi.
• Abin da ake tsammani shi ne cewa a cikin dogon lokaci, yin amfani da Buɗe vRAN na iya zama mafi tsada fiye da amfani da kayan aiki na sadaukarwa, kuma zai zama sauƙi don sikelin.
• Accenture ya ba da rahoton ganin ajiyar CAPEX na kashi 49 inda aka yi amfani da fasahar vRAN ta buɗe don turawa 5G10. Goldman Sachs ya ba da rahoton irin wannan adadi na CAPEX na kashi 50 cikin ɗari, kuma ya buga ajiyar kuɗi na kashi 35 cikin ɗari a cikin OPEX11.
• A Intel, muna aiki tare da manyan CoSPs don yin samfurin TCO na Buɗe vRAN, gami da duka CAPEX da OPEX. Yayin da aka fahimci CAPEX da kyau, muna sha'awar ganin ƙarin cikakken bincike kan yadda farashin aiki na vRAN ya kwatanta da na'urorin da aka keɓe. Muna aiki tare da Buɗaɗɗen yanayin yanayin vRAN don bincika wannan gaba.

50% CAPEX ceto daga Buɗe vRAN 35% Ajiye OPEX daga Buɗe vRAN Goldman Sachs

Amfani da Buɗe RAN don duk tsararraki mara waya

• Gabatarwar 5G ita ce ke haifar da sauyi mai yawa a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar rediyo (RAN). Ayyukan 5G za su kasance masu fama da yunwar bandwidth kuma har yanzu suna tasowa, suna samar da ingantaccen tsarin gine-gine mai sassauƙa da kyawawa. Buɗewar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar rediyo (Buɗe vRAN) na iya sauƙaƙe 5G don turawa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar Greenfield, amma kaɗan masu aiki suna farawa daga karce. Waɗanda ke da cibiyoyin sadarwar da ke akwai suna haɗarin ƙarewa da tarin fasaha guda biyu masu kamanceceniya: ɗaya buɗe don 5G, ɗayan kuma bisa rufaffiyar, fasahar mallakar mallaka don tsararrun cibiyar sadarwa na farko.
• Parallel Wireless ya ba da rahoton cewa masu aiki waɗanda ke sabunta gine-ginen gadon su tare da Open vRAN suna sa ran ganin dawowar saka hannun jari a cikin shekaru uku12. Ma'aikatan da ba su sabunta hanyoyin sadarwar su na gado na iya ganin farashin aiki (OPEX) daga kashi 30 zuwa kashi 50 sama da gasar, Parallel Wireless kiyasin13.
• shekaru 3 An ɗauki lokaci don ganin dawowar saka hannun jari daga sabunta hanyoyin sadarwar gado zuwa Buɗe vRAN. Mara waya ta layi daya14

Kammalawa

• CoSPs suna ƙara ɗaukar Buɗaɗɗe vRAN don haɓaka sassauƙa, daidaitawa, da ingancin ƙimar hanyoyin sadarwar su. Bincike daga ACG Research da Parallel Wireless ya nuna cewa mafi yawan Buɗe vRAN ana tura shi, mafi girman tasirin da zai iya yi akan rage farashi. CoSPs suna ɗaukar Buɗe vRAN don dalilai masu mahimmanci, suma. Yana ba cibiyar sadarwa sassauci-kamar gajimare kuma yana ƙara ikon yin shawarwari na CoSP lokacin samo abubuwan RAN. A cikin rukunin yanar gizon da hadawa ba ya nuna ƙarancin farashi, har yanzu akwai tanadi daga yin amfani da madaidaiciyar tarin fasaha a gidan rediyo da kuma wuraren sarrafa RAN. Samun ƙididdige maƙasudi na gaba ɗaya a ƙarshen hanyar sadarwa na iya taimakawa CoSPs don yin gasa tare da masu ba da sabis na gajimare don nauyin aiki na gefe. Intel yana aiki tare da manyan CoSPs don yin ƙirar TCO na Buɗe vRAN. Samfurin mu na TCO yana nufin taimakawa CoSPs don haɓaka farashi da sassauƙan kadarorin su na RAN.

Ƙara koyo

• Intel eGuide: Ana ƙaddamar da Buɗewa da RAN mai hankali
• Intel Infographic: Haɓaka hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar rediyo
• Menene Mafi kyawun Hanya don Samun Buɗe RAN?
• Nawa Ma'aikata Zasu Iya Ajiye Tare da RAN Cloud?
• Advan tattalin arzikitages of Virtualizing da RAN a Mobile Operators 'Infrastructures
• Me ke faruwa da ƙaddamar da TCO lokacin da Ma'aikatan Wayar hannu ke ƙaddamar da OpenRAN kawai don 5G?
• Intel® Smart Edge Buɗe

1. Buɗe Saitin RAN don ɗaukar 10% na Kasuwa ta 2025, 2 Satumba 2020, SDX Tsakiya; dangane da bayanai daga ƙungiyar latsawa ta Dell'Oro: Buɗe RAN don kusanci Raba RAN mai lamba biyu, 1 Satumba 2020.
2. Hasashen Fasaha, Media, da Sadarwa 2021, 7 Disamba 2020, Deloitte
3. RAN Virtualized - Vol 1, Afrilu 2021, Samsung
4. RAN Virtualized - Vol 2, Afrilu 2021, Samsung
5. Menene Mafi kyawun Hanya don Samun Buɗe RAN?, 2021, Mavenir
6. ibid
7. Nawa Ma'aikata Zasu Iya Ajiye Tare da RAN Cloud?, 2017, Mavenir
8. Advan tattalin arzikitages of Virtualizing the RAN in Mobile Operators 'Infrastructures, 30 Satumba 2019, ACG Research and Red Hat 9 Facebook, Tip Advance Wireless Networking With Terragraph, 26 Fabrairu 2018, SDX Central
9. Dabarun Accenture, 2019, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin Buɗewar Haɗin RAN: Run With It, Afrilu 2020, iGR
10. Goldman Sachs Binciken Zuba Jari na Duniya, 2019, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin Buɗe Haɗin RAN: Run Tare da Shi, Afrilu 2020, iGR
11. ibid
12. ibid

Sanarwa & Rarraba

• Fasahar Intel na iya buƙatar kayan aikin da aka kunna, software ko kunnawa sabis.
• Babu samfur ko sashi wanda zai iya zama cikakkiyar amintacce.
• Kudin ku da sakamakon ku na iya bambanta.
• Intel ba ya sarrafa ko duba bayanan ɓangare na uku. Ya kamata ku tuntubi wasu kafofin don kimanta daidaito.
• © Kamfanin Intel. Intel, tambarin Intel, da sauran alamun Intel alamun kasuwanci ne na Kamfanin Intel Corporation ko rassan sa. Ana iya da'awar wasu sunaye da alamun a matsayin mallakin wasu. 0821/SMEY/CAT/PDF Don Allah Maimaita 348227-001EN

Takardu / Albarkatu

intel Yin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci don Buɗewa da Mai Kyau RAN [pdf] Umarni Ƙirƙirar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci don Buɗewa da Ƙaƙwalwar RAN, Yin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci, Kasuwancin Kasuwanci, Buɗewa da Ƙwararren RAN, Case

Magana

• Manual mai amfani