MICROCHIP Costas ntuziaka onye ọrụ nchịkwa
MICROCHIP Costas Loop Management

ọdịnaya zoo
1 Okwu mmalite
2 Nchịkọta
3 Atụmatụ
4 Iji ngwaọrụ na arụ ọrụ
5 Nkọwa ọrụ
6 Nhazi
7 Parameters isi IP na akara ngosi
8 Ntọala nhazi
9 Eserese oge
10 Testbench
11 Ahịrị ịme anwansị
12 Akụkọ ngbanwe
13 Nkwado FPGA Microchip
14 Ozi Microchip
15 Microchip Websaịtị
16 Ọrụ ngosi mgbanwe ngwaahịa
17 Nkwado ndị ahịa
18 Njirimara Nchekwa Koodu Ngwaọrụ Microchip
19 Akwụkwọ Ozi Iwu
20 Sistemụ Njikwa Ogo
21 Ahịa na Ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ
22 Akwụkwọ / akụrụngwa
22.1 Ntụaka

Okwu mmalite

Na mgbasa ozi ikuku, a na-ekewa ndị na-ebugharị (Tx) na nnata (Rx) site n'ebe dị anya ma kewapụ ya na ọkụ eletrik. N'agbanyeghị na Tx na Rx na-ege ntị na otu ugboro, enwere mbelata ugboro ugboro n'etiti ndị na-ebu ibu n'ihi ppm dị iche n'etiti oscillators eji na Tx na Rx. A na-akwụ ụgwọ nkwụghachi ugboro ole site na iji usoro mmekọrịta data enyere ma ọ bụ na-enweghị enyemaka (kpuru ìsì).

A Costas Loop bụ usoro dabere na PLL anaghị akwado data maka nkwụghachi ụgwọ ugboro ugboro. Ngwa bụ isi nke Costas loops dị na ndị na-anata ikuku. Site n'iji nke a, a na-akwụ ụgwọ nkwụsị ugboro ugboro n'etiti Tx na Rx na-enweghị enyemaka nke ụda pilot ma ọ bụ akara. A na-emejuputa Costas Loop maka BPSK na QPSK modulation na mgbanwe na ngọngọ mgbako njehie. Ịrụ Costas Loop maka oge ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta ugboro nwere ike ịkpata nhụsianya nke usoro, nke a ga-edozirịrị site na usoro dịka ngbanwe dị iche.

Nchịkọta

Tebụlụ na-esote na-enye nchịkọta nke njirimara Costas Loop.

Isiokwu 1. Costas Loop àgwà

Ụdị isi Akwụkwọ a na-emetụta Costas Loop v1.0.
Ezinụlọ Ngwaọrụ akwadoro
  • Polar Fire® SoC
  • Ọkụ polar
Akwadoro Ngwá ọrụ Efere Chọrọ mwepụta Libero® SoC v12.0 ma ọ bụ emechaa.
Inye ikike Costas Loop IP doro anya RTL bụ ekpochi ikike yana RTL ezoro ezo dị na ya na ikike Libero ọ bụla. RTL ezoro ezo: A na-enye koodu RTL ezoro ezo zuru ezu maka isi, na-eme ka isi ya nwee ike iji Smart Design mee ya ozugbo. Enwere ike iji sọftụwia Libero rụọ simulation, Synthesis, na okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu. Kpochapụ RTL: A na-enye koodu isi iyi RTL zuru ezu maka isi na ule bench.

Atụmatụ

Costas Loop nwere atụmatụ isi ndị a:

  • Na-akwado BPSK na QPSK modulations
  • Atụmatụ akaghị atụgharị maka oke ugboro obosara

Mmejuputa IP Core na Libero® Design Suite
A ga-etinyerịrị isi IP na katalọgụ IP nke ngwanrọ Libero SoC. A na-etinye nke a na-akpaghị aka site na IP
Ọrụ mmelite katalọgụ na ngwanrọ Libero SoC, ma ọ bụ jiri aka budata isi IP na katalọgụ. Otu ugboro
A na-etinye isi IP na Libero SoC software IP katalọgụ, a na-ahazi isi ya, mepụta ya na ozugbo n'ime ngwa Smart Design maka itinye na ndepụta ọrụ Libero.

Iji ngwaọrụ na arụ ọrụ

Tebụl ndị a depụtara ngwaọrụ eji eme Costas Loop.

Tebụl 2. Costas Loop Utility for QPSK

Nkọwa ngwaọrụ Akụrụngwa Arụmọrụ (MHz) RAM Ihe mgbochi mgbakọ na mwepụ Chip Globals
Ezinụlọ Ngwaọrụ Ndị LUT DFF LSRAM μSRAM
PolarFire® SoC MPFS250T 1256 197 200 0 0 6 0
PolarFire MPF300T 1256 197 200 0 0 6 0

Isiokwu 3. Costas Loop Utility for BPSK

Nkọwa ngwaọrụ Akụrụngwa Arụmọrụ (MHz) RAM Ihe mgbochi mgbakọ na mwepụ Chip Globals
Ezinụlọ Ngwaọrụ Ndị LUT DFF LSRAM μSRAM
PolarFire® SoC MPFS250T 1202 160 200 0 0 7 0
Ọkụ polar MPF300T 1202 160 200 0 0 7 0

Ihe dị mkpa Ihe dị mkpa: 

  1. A na-ejide data dị na tebụl a site na iji nhazi nhazi na nhazi nhazi. Edobere isi iyi elekere CDR ka ọ bụrụ Raara Onwe ya na ụkpụrụ nhazi ndị ọzọ agbanwebeghị.
  2. A na-amachibido elekere na 200 MHz ka ọ na-eme nyocha oge iji nweta ọnụọgụ ọrụ.

Nkọwa ọrụ

Akụkụ a na-akọwa nkọwa mmejuputa nke Costas Loop.

Ọnụọgụ na-esonụ na-egosi eserese ngọngọ ọkwa-usoro nke Costas Loop.

Ọgụgụ 1-1. Eserese ihe ngbochi sistemụ nke Costas Loop
Nkọwa ọrụ
Latency dị n'etiti ntinye na mmepụta nke elu Costas bụ okirikiri elekere iri na otu. Oge nkwụsị THETA_OUT bụ elekere iri
okirikiri. Kp (proportionality constant), Ki (integral constant), Theta factor, na LIMIT ihe ga-edozirịrị dịka mpaghara mkpọtụ na nkwụghachi ugboro ole a na-ewebata. Costas Loop na-ewe oge iji kpọchie, dịka na ọrụ PLL. Ụfọdụ ngwugwu nwere ike ịla n'iyi n'oge mkpọchi mbụ nke Costas Loop.

Nhazi

Mmezu nke Costas Loop chọrọ mgbochi anọ ndị a:

  • Loop Filter (Onye njikwa PI na mmejuputa a)
  • Theta Generator
  • Mgbakọ mperi
  • Vector ntụgharị

Ọgụgụ 1-2. Eserese Costas Loop Block
Nhazi
A na-agbakọ njehie maka atụmatụ mgbanwe kpọmkwem dabere na ụkpụrụ I na Q agbagharịrị n'iji Vector Rotation Module. Onye na-ahụ maka PI na-agbakọ ugboro ole dabere na njehie ahụ, uru nha nha Kp, yana uru Ki. Edebere nkwụghachi ugboro kachasị dị ka oke uru maka mpụta ugboro ugboro nke onye njikwa PI. Theta Generator modul na-ewepụta akụkụ site na ntinye. Ntinye ihe theta factor na-ekpebi mkpọda nke njikọta ma dabere.

na sampelekere linging. A na-eji akụkụ emepụtara site na Theta Generator iji tụgharịa ụkpụrụ ntinye I na Q. Ọrụ njehie ahụ bụ kpọmkwem maka ụdị modulation. Dị ka a na-emejuputa njikwa PI n'ụdị edozi isi, a na-eme nyocha na ntinye nha na ntinye nke onye njikwa PI.
mwekota
N'otu aka ahụ, a na-emejuputa atumatu maka ntinye nke theta.
mwekota

Parameters isi IP na akara ngosi

Akụkụ a na-atụle paramita dị na Costas Loop GUI configurator na akara I/O.

Ntọala nhazi

Tebụlụ na-esote depụtara nkọwa nke paramita nhazi ejiri na mmejuputa ngwaike nke Costas Loop. Ndị a bụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ dị iche iche dị ka achọrọ nke ngwa ahụ.
Isiokwu 2-1. Nhazi nhazi

Aha mgbaàmà Nkọwa
Ụdị ngbanwe BPSK ma ọ bụ QPSK

Ntinye na ntinye akara
Tebụlụ na-esote depụtara ọdụ ntinye na mmepụta nke Costas Loop.
Tebụl 2-2. Ihe nrịbama ntinye na ntinye

Aha mgbaàmà Ntuziaka Ụdị mgbaàmà Obosara Nkọwa
CLK_I Ntinye — 1 Mgbama elekere
ARST_N_IN Ntinye — 1 Mgbama nrụpụta asynchronous dị ala na-arụ ọrụ
I_DATA_IN Ntinye Binyere aka 16 N'ime oge / Ntinye data n'ezie
Q_DATA_IN Ntinye Binyere aka 16 Ntinye nkeji nkeji / echiche efu
KP_IN Ntinye Binyere aka 18 Ọnụnọ nke onye njikwa PI mgbe niile
KI_IN Ntinye Binyere aka 18 Integral mgbe niile nke PI njikwa
LIMIT_IN Ntinye Binyere aka 18 Oke maka onye njikwa PI
THETA_FACTOR_IN Ntinye Binyere aka 18 Isi ihe maka njikọta theta.
I_DATA_OUT Mpụta Binyere aka 16 N'ime oge / Mpụta data n'ezie
Q_DATA_OUT Mpụta Binyere aka 16 Mbupụta data nke anọ / echiche efu
THETA_OUT Mpụta Binyere aka 10 Ndekọ Theta gbakọrọ (0-1023) maka nkwenye ahụ
PI_OUT Mpụta Binyere aka 18 PI mmepụta

Eserese oge

Akụkụ a na-atụle eserese oge Costas Loop.
Ọnụọgụ na-esonụ na-egosi eserese oge nke Costas Loop.
Ọgụgụ 3-1. Eserese oge Costas Loop
Eserese oge

Testbench

A na-eji testbench jikọtara ọnụ iji nyochaa ma nwalee Costas Loop nke a na-akpọ dị ka oche ule onye ọrụ. A na-enye bench ule iji lelee arụmọrụ nke Costas Loop IP.

Ahịrị ịme anwansị

Iji meomi isi site na iji testbench, mee usoro ndị a:

  1. Mepee ngwa Libero SoC, pịa taabụ katalọgụ, gbasaa Solutions-Wireless, pịa COSTAS LOOP ugboro abụọ, wee pịa OK. Edepụtara akwụkwọ ejikọtara na IP n'okpuru Documentations.
    Ihe dị mkpa Ihe dị mkpa: Ọ bụrụ na ịhụghị taabụ katalọgụ, gaa na View > Menu Windows wee pịa katalọgụ ka a hụ ya.
    Ọgụgụ 4-1. Costas Loop IP Core na Libero SoC katalọgụ
    Ahịrị ịme anwansị
  2. Hazie IP dị ka ịchọrọ.
    Ọgụgụ 4-2. Onye nhazi GUI
    Onye nhazi GUI
    Kwalite akara ngosi niile n'ọkwa dị elu wee mepụta nhazi ahụ
  3. Na taabụ Stimulus Hierarchy, pịa Mee Hierarchy.
    Ọgụgụ 4-3. Wulite Ọchịchị
    Wulite Ọchịchị
  4. Na taabụ Stimulus Hierarchy, pịa aka nri testbench (Costas loop bevy), rụtụ aka na Simulate Present Design, wee pịa Mepee Interactively.
    Ọgụgụ 4-4. Na-eme atụmatụ tupu synthesis
    Nhazi tupu synthesis
    ModelSim meghere ya na testbench file, dị ka e gosiri na foto na-esonụ.
    Ọgụgụ 4-5. Ohere Simulation Model
    Window ịme anwansị

Ihe dị mkpa Ihe dị mkpa: Ọ bụrụ na akwụsịla ịme anwansị ahụ n'ihi oke oge ịgba ọsọ akọwapụtara na .do file, jiri ọsọ-niile iwu imezu simulation

Akụkọ ngbanwe

Akụkọ ngbanwe ahụ na-akọwa mgbanwe ndị etinyere na akwụkwọ ahụ. Edepụtara mgbanwe ndị a site na ntughari, malite na mbipụta kachasị ugbu a.
Isiokwu 5-1. Akụkọ ngbanwe

Ndozigharị Ụbọchị Nkọwa
A 03/2023 Ntọhapụ mbụ

Nkwado FPGA Microchip

Otu ngwaahịa Microchip FPGA na-eji ọrụ nkwado dị iche iche kwado ngwaahịa ya, gụnyere ọrụ ndị ahịa,
Ebe Nkwado nka na ụzụ ndị ahịa, a websaịtị, na ụlọ ahịa ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ. A tụrụ ndị ahịa ka ha gaa
Ngwa microchip dị n'ịntanetị tupu ịkpọtụrụ nkwado dịka o yikarịrị ka ajụjụ ha adịlarị
zara.

Kpọtụrụ Ụlọ Ọrụ Nkwado nka na ụzụ site na websaịtị na www.microchip.com/support. Kwuo ngwaọrụ FPGA
Nọmba akụkụ, họrọ udi ikpe kwesịrị ekwesị, na bulite imewe files mgbe ị na-ekepụta ikpe nkwado teknụzụ.

Kpọtụrụ ọrụ ndị ahịa maka nkwado ngwaahịa na-abụghị teknụzụ, dị ka ọnụahịa ngwaahịa, nkwalite ngwaahịa, mmelite
ozi, ịtụ ọkwa, na ikike.

  • Site na North America, kpọọ 800.262.1060
  • Site na ụwa ndị ọzọ, kpọọ 650.318.4460
  • Fax, si n'ebe ọ bụla n'ụwa, 650.318.8044

Ozi Microchip

Microchip Websaịtị

Microchip na-enye nkwado ntanetị site na anyị websaịtị na www.microchip.com/. Nke a weba na-eji saịtị eme ihe files na
ozi dị mfe maka ndị ahịa. Ụfọdụ ọdịnaya dị gụnyere:

  • Nkwado ngwaahịa - Ibé data na errata, ndetu ngwa na sampmmemme, akụrụngwa imewe, ntuziaka onye ọrụ na akwụkwọ nkwado ngwaike, ewepụtara sọftụwia kacha ọhụrụ yana sọftụwia echekwara
  • Nkwado nka na ụzụ izugbe - Ajụjụ A na-ajụkarị (FAQ), arịrịọ nkwado teknụzụ, otu mkparịta ụka n'ịntanetị, ndepụta ndị otu mmemme mmebe Microchip
  • Azụmahịa nke Microchip - Ntuziaka onye na-ahọrọ ngwaahịa na ịtụ ahịa, mbipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ Microchip kacha ọhụrụ, ndepụta nke nzukọ ọmụmụ na mmemme, ndepụta nke ụlọ ahịa Microchip, ndị nkesa na ndị nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

Ọrụ ngosi mgbanwe ngwaahịa

Ọrụ ngosi mgbanwe ngwaahịa Microchip na-enyere ndị ahịa aka ugbu a na ngwaahịa Microchip. Ndị debanyere aha ga-enweta ọkwa email mgbe ọ bụla enwere mgbanwe, mmelite, nlegharị anya ma ọ bụ errata metụtara ezinụlọ ngwaahịa akọwapụtara ma ọ bụ ngwa mmepe nke mmasị.

Iji debanye aha, gaa na www.microchip.com/pcn ma soro ntuziaka ndebanye aha.

Nkwado ndị ahịa

Ndị na-eji ngwaahịa Microchip nwere ike ịnweta enyemaka site na ọtụtụ ọwa:

  • Onye nkesa ma ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya
  • Ụlọ ọrụ ire ahịa mpaghara
  • Injinia Ngwọta agbakwunyere (ESE)
  • Nkwado ndị teknuzu

Ndị ahịa kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ onye nkesa ha, onye nnọchi anya ma ọ bụ ESE maka nkwado. Ọfịs ahịa mpaghara dịkwa maka inyere ndị ahịa aka. Agụnyere ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ ahịa na ebe n'ime akwụkwọ a.

Nkwado nka na ụzụ dị site na websaịtị na: www.microchip.com/support

Njirimara Nchekwa Koodu Ngwaọrụ Microchip

Rịba ama nkọwa ndị a nke njirimara nchedo koodu na ngwaahịa Microchip:

  • Ngwaahịa Microchip na-ezute nkọwapụta dị na mpempe data Microchip ha.
  • Microchip kwenyere na ezinaụlọ nke ngwaahịa ya nwere nchekwa mgbe ejiri ya n'ụzọ achọrọ, n'ime nkọwapụta ọrụ yana n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị.
  • Ụkpụrụ Microchip na-eji ike na-echebe ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi ya. Mgbalị imebi njirimara nchedo koodu nke ngwaahịa Microchip bụ nke amachibidoro nke ọma ma nwee ike imebi iwu nwebiisinka nke Millennium Digital.
  • Ma Microchip ma ọ bụ ndị nrụpụta semiconductor ọ bụla enweghị ike ikwe nkwa nchekwa nke koodu ya. Nchedo koodu apụtaghị na anyị na-ekwe nkwa na ngwaahịa a "enweghị ike imebi". Nchekwa koodu na-agbanwe mgbe niile. Microchip agba mbọ na-aga n'ihu na-emeziwanye njirimara nchedo koodu nke ngwaahịa anyị

Akwụkwọ Ozi Iwu

Enwere ike iji akwụkwọ a na ozi dị na ya naanị na ngwaahịa Microchip, gụnyere iji chepụta, nwalee,
wee jikọta ngwaahịa Microchip na ngwa gị. Iji ozi a n'ụzọ ọ bụla ọzọ mebiri ndị a
okwu. A na-enye ozi gbasara ngwa ngwaọrụ naanị maka ịdị mma gị yana enwere ike dochie ya
site na mmelite. Ọ bụ ọrụ gị ịhụ na ngwa gị dabara na nkọwapụta gị. Kpọtụrụ gị
ụlọ ọrụ ahịa Microchip mpaghara maka nkwado ọzọ ma ọ bụ, nweta nkwado ọzọ na www.microchip.com/en us/support/ design-help/client-support-services.

Ozi a bụ MICROCHIP “DỊ KA Ọ BỤ”. MICROCHIP emeghị nnochite anya ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ikike n'ụdị ọ bụla ma ekwupụta ma ọ bụ kwupụta ya, edere ma ọ bụ n'ọnụ, usoro iwu ma ọ bụ ọzọ, metụtara ozi ahụ gụnyere mana ọnweghị oke n'iwu ọ bụla na-akwadoghị, iwu na-akwadoghị. NA ahụ dị mma maka ebumnuche pụrụ iche, ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ikike metụtara ọnọdụ ya, ogo ya, ma ọ bụ arụmọrụ ya.

Ọ BỤGHỊ ỌMỤNỤ Ọ BỤGHỊ MICROCHIP GA-AKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỌ Ọ BỤLA OZI Ọ BỤ Ọ BỤ Ọ BỤLA. AKWỤKWỌ NDỊ NDỊ DỊ MMADỤ N'ỤRỤ IKE MA Ọ BỤ NDỊ MMADỤ AHỤ. Ruo n'ụzọ zuru ezu iwu kwadoro, MICROCHIP'S TOTAL IBLIability na ebubo niile n'ụzọ ọ bụla metụtara ozi ahụ ma ọ bụ ojiji ya agaghị agafe ego nke ụgwọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla, na ị kwụrụ ozugbo na-agwa ya.

Iji ngwaọrụ Microchip na nkwado ndụ yana/ma ọ bụ ngwa nchekwa bụ kpamkpam n'ihe ize ndụ nke onye zụrụ ya, onye na-azụ ya kwenyere ịgbachitere, kwụọ ụgwọ ma jide Microchip na-adịghị emerụ ahụ site na mmebi ọ bụla, nkwuputa, uwe, ma ọ bụ mmefu sitere na ụdị ojiji ahụ. Ọnweghị ikike ebugara, n'ezoghị ọnụ ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ, n'okpuru ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi Microchip ọ gwụla ma ekwuputaghị ya.

Sistemụ Njikwa Ogo

Maka ozi gbasara Sistemụ Njikwa Ogo nke Microchip, biko gaa na www.microchip.com/quality.

Ahịa na Ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ

AMERIKA ASIA/PACIFIC ASIA/PACIFIC EUROPE
Ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199Tel: 480-792-7200Fax: 480-792-7277Nkwado nka nka: www.microchip.com/support Web adreesị: www.microchip.com Atlanta Duluth, GA Tel: 678-957-9614Faksị: 678-957-1455Austin, TX Tel: 512-257-3370Boston Westborough, MA Tel: 774-760-0087Faksị: 774-760-0088ChicagoItasca, IL Tel: 630-285-0071Faksị: 630-285-0075DallasAddison, TX Tel: 972-818-7423Faksị: 972-818-2924DetroitNovi, MI Tel: 248-848-4000Houston, TX Tel: 281-894-5983Indianapolis Noblesville, NA Tel: 317-773-8323Faksị: 317-773-5453Tel: 317-536-2380Los Angeles Mission Viejo, CA Tel: 949-462-9523Fax: 949-462-9608Tel: 951-273-7800Raleigh, NC Tel: 919-844-7510New York, NY Tel: 631-435-6000San Jose, CA Nọmba ekwentị: 408-735-9110 408-436-4270Canada - Toronto Tel: 905-695-1980Faksị: 905-695-2078 Australia - Sydney Nọmba ekwentị: 61-2-9868-6733China - Beijing Nọmba ekwentị: 86-10-8569-7000China - Chengdu Nọmba ekwentị: 86-28-8665-5511China - Chongqing Nọmba ekwentị: 86-23-8980-9588China - Dongguan Nọmba ekwentị: 86-769-8702-9880China - Guangzhou Nọmba ekwentị: 86-20-8755-8029China - Hangzhou Nọmba ekwentị: 86-571-8792-8115China - Hong Kong SAR Tel: 852-2943-5100China - Nanjing Nọmba ekwentị: 86-25-8473-2460China - Qingdao Nọmba ekwentị: 86-532-8502-7355China - Shanghai Nọmba ekwentị: 86-21-3326-8000China - Shenyang Nọmba ekwentị: 86-24-2334-2829China - Shenzhen Nọmba ekwentị: 86-755-8864-2200China - Suzhou Nọmba ekwentị: 86-186-6233-1526China - Wuhan Nọmba ekwentị: 86-27-5980-5300China - Xian Nọmba ekwentị: 86-29-8833-7252China - Xiamen Tel: 86-592-2388138China - Zhuhai Tel: 86-756-3210040 India - Bangalore Nọmba ekwentị: 91-80-3090-4444India - New Delhi Nọmba ekwentị: 91-11-4160-8631India - Pune Nọmba ekwentị: 91-20-4121-0141Japan - Osaka Nọmba ekwentị: 81-6-6152-7160Japan - Tokyo Nọmba ekwentị: 81-3-6880-3770Korea - Daegu Nọmba ekwentị: 82-53-744-4301Korea - Seoul Nọmba ekwentị: 82-2-554-7200Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur Nọmba ekwentị: 60-3-7651-7906Malaysia - Penang Nọmba ekwentị: 60-4-227-8870Philippines - Manila Nọmba ekwentị: 63-2-634-9065SingaporeTel: 65-6334-8870Taiwan - Hsin Chu Nọmba ekwentị: 886-3-577-8366Taiwan - Kaohsiung Nọmba ekwentị: 886-7-213-7830Taiwan – Taipei Nọmba ekwentị: 886-2-2508-8600Thailand - Bangkok Nọmba ekwentị: 66-2-694-1351Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh Nọmba ekwentị: 84-28-5448-2100 Austria – Wels Tel: 43-7242-2244-39Fax: 43-7242-2244-393Denmark - Copenhagen Tel: 45-4485-5910Fax: 45-4485-2829Finland - Espoo Nọmba ekwentị: 358-9-4520-820France - Paris Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79Germany - na-agba ọsọ Tel: 49-8931-9700Germany - Haan Tel: 49-2129-3766400Germany - Heilbronn Tel: 49-7131-72400Germany - Karlsruhe Tel: 49-721-625370Germany - Munich Tel: 49-89-627-144-0Fax: 49-89-627-144-44Germany - Rosenheim Nọmba ekwentị: 49-8031-354-560Israel - Ra'anana Nọmba ekwentị: 972-9-744-7705Ịtali - Milan Tel: 39-0331-742611Fax: 39-0331-466781Ịtali - Padova Tel: 39-049-7625286Netherlands - mmanya Tel: 31-416-690399Fax: 31-416-690340Norway - Trondheim Nọmba ekwentị: 47-72884388Poland - Warsaw Tel: 48-22-3325737Romania - Bucharest Tel: 40-21-407-87-50Spain - Madrid Tel: 34-91-708-08-90Fax: 34-91-708-08-91Sweden - Gothenburg Tel: 46-31-704-60-40Sweden - Stockholm Nọmba ekwentị: 46-8-5090-4654UK - Wokingham Tel: 44-118-921-5800Fax: 44-118-921-5820

Akara ụlọ ọrụ

Akwụkwọ / akụrụngwa

MICROCHIP Costas Loop Management [pdf] Ntuziaka onye ọrụ
Njikwa loop Costas, njikwa loop, njikwa

Ntụaka

Hapụ ikwu

Agaghị ebipụta adreesị ozi-e gị. Akara mpaghara achọrọ akara *