Jagorar Mai Amfani MICROCHIP Costas Madaidaicin Gudanarwa
Gabatarwa
A cikin watsawa mara waya, ana raba Transmitter (Tx) da Receiver (Rx) ta nesa kuma sun keɓe ta hanyar lantarki. Duk da cewa duka Tx da Rx ana saurara zuwa mitar guda ɗaya, akwai rarrabuwar mitar tsakanin mitoci masu ɗaukar kaya saboda bambancin ppm tsakanin oscillators da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Tx da Rx. Ana biya diyya ta mitar ta amfani da bayanan tallafi ko hanyoyin daidaitawa marasa taimakon bayanai (makafi).
A Costas Loop hanya ce ta tushen PLL mara bayanai don biyan diyya ta mitar mai ɗaukar kaya. Babban aikace-aikacen madaukai na Costas yana cikin masu karɓar mara waya. Ta amfani da wannan, ana samun ramawa ta mitar tsakanin Tx da Rx ba tare da taimakon sautin matukin jirgi ko alamomi ba. Ana aiwatar da madaidaicin Costas don BPSK da gyare-gyaren QPSK tare da canji a toshe lissafin kuskure. Yin amfani da madauki na Costas don lokaci ko daidaita mitar na iya haifar da rashin fahimta na lokaci, wanda dole ne a gyara shi ta hanyar dabaru irin su ɓoyayyen ɓoye.
Takaitawa
Tebur mai zuwa yana ba da taƙaitaccen halayen Costas Loop.
Table 1. Costas Loop halaye
| Sigar Core | Wannan takaddar ta shafi Costas Loop v1.0. |
| Iyalan Na'ura masu Goyan baya |
|
| Tallafawa Kayan aiki Yawo | Yana buƙatar Libero® SoC v12.0 ko daga baya sakewa. |
| Yin lasisi | Costas Loop IP bayyana RTL lasisin kulle ne kuma rufaffen RTL yana samuwa kyauta tare da kowane lasisin Libero. Rufaffen RTL: An ba da cikakken rufaffiyar lambar RTL don ainihin, yana ba da damar ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Smart Design. Ana iya yin simulations, Synthesis, da Layout tare da software na Libero. Share RTL: An bayar da cikakken lambar tushen RTL don ainihin da kuma benci na gwaji. |
Siffofin
Costas Loop yana da maɓalli masu zuwa:
- Yana goyan bayan tsarin BPSK da QPSK
- Madaidaicin madaukai na madauki don faffadan kewayon mitoci
Aiwatar da IP Core a cikin Libero® Design Suite
Dole ne a shigar da ainihin IP zuwa IP Catalog na software na Libero SoC. Ana shigar da wannan ta atomatik ta hanyar IP
Ayyukan sabunta kasida a cikin software na Libero SoC, ko kuma ana zazzage tushen IP da hannu daga kasidar. Sau ɗaya
an shigar da ainihin IP a cikin Libaro SoC software na IP Catalog, an saita ainihin, an samar da shi, kuma a nan take a cikin kayan aikin Smart Design don haɗawa cikin jerin ayyukan Libero.
Amfani da Na'ura da Ayyuka
Tebura masu zuwa suna lissafin amfanin na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita don Costas Loop.
Tebur 2. Amfani da Madaidaicin Costas don QPSK
| Cikakkun na'ura | Albarkatu | Ayyuka (MHz) | RAMs | Kulle Math | Chip Globals | |||
| Iyali | Na'ura | LUTs | DFF | Farashin LSRAM | μSRAM | |||
| PolarFire® SoC | MPFS250T | 1256 | 197 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| PolarFire | MPF300T | 1256 | 197 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
Tebur 3. Amfani da Madaidaicin Costas don BPSK
| Cikakkun na'ura | Albarkatu | Ayyuka (MHz) | RAMs | Kulle Math | Chip Globals | |||
| Iyali | Na'ura | LUTs | DFF | Farashin LSRAM | μSRAM | |||
| PolarFire® SoC | MPFS250T | 1202 | 160 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Wuta ta Polar | MPF300T | 1202 | 160 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
Muhimmi:
- Ana ɗaukar bayanan da ke cikin wannan tebur ta amfani da tsarin haɗin kai da saitunan shimfidawa. An saita tushen agogo na CDR zuwa Ƙaddamarwa tare da wasu ƙididdiga masu daidaitawa ba su canza ba.
- An ƙuntata agogo zuwa 200 MHz yayin gudanar da bincike na lokaci don cimma lambobin aiki.
Bayanin Aiki
Wannan sashe yana bayyana cikakkun bayanan aiwatarwa na Costas Loop.
Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna zane-zanen toshe matakin tsarin tsarin Kostas Loop.
Hoto na 1-1. Tsarin-Tsarin Toshe Tsari na Costas Loop
Latency tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa na saman Costas shine zagaye na agogo 11. Latency THETA_OUT shine karfe 10
hawan keke. Kp (daidaitacce akai-akai), Ki (daidaituwar haɗin kai), Factor Theta, da LIMIT factor dole ne a gyara su bisa ga yanayin amo da ƙaddamar da mitar da ake gabatarwa. Madaidaicin Costas yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci don kulle, kamar a cikin aikin PLL. Wasu fakiti na iya ɓacewa a lokacin farkon lokacin kulle Costas Loop.
Gine-gine
Aiwatar da Madaidaicin Costas yana buƙatar tubalan guda huɗu masu zuwa:
- Loop Filter (PI Controller a cikin wannan aiwatarwa)
- Theta Generator
- Kuskuren Lissafi
- Juyawa Vector
Hoto na 1-2. Zane-zane na Costas Loop Block
Ana ƙididdige kuskuren wani takamaiman tsarin daidaitawa bisa ga jujjuyawar I da ƙimar Q ta amfani da Module Juyi na Vector. Mai sarrafa PI yana ƙididdige mitar bisa kuskure, ƙimar daidaitaccen Kp, da ribar haɗin kai Ki. An saita matsakaicin matsakaicin mitar a matsayin ƙimar iyaka don fitowar mitar mai sarrafa PI. Tsarin Theta Generator yana haifar da kusurwa ta hanyar haɗin kai. Shigar da abubuwan theta factor yana ƙayyade gangaren haɗin kai kuma ya dogara.
na sampagogon leda. Ana amfani da kusurwar da aka samar daga Theta Generator don juya ƙimar shigarwar I da Q. Aikin kuskure ya keɓance ga nau'in daidaitawa. Kamar yadda ake aiwatar da mai sarrafa PI a cikin tsayayyen madaidaicin tsari, ana yin sikeli akan daidaitattun abubuwan da aka haɗa na mai sarrafa PI.
Hakazalika, ana aiwatar da sikeli don haɗawar theta.
IP Core Parameters da Interface Signals
Wannan sashe yana tattauna sigogi a cikin madaidaicin Costas Loop GUI da sigina na I/O.
Saitunan Kanfigareshan
Tebu mai zuwa yana lissafin bayanin sigogin daidaitawa da aka yi amfani da su wajen aiwatar da kayan aikin Costas Loop. Waɗannan sigogin gama-gari sun bambanta gwargwadon buƙatun aikace-aikacen.
Tebur 2-1. Sigar Kanfigareshan
| Sunan siginar | Bayani |
| Nau'in Modulation | BPSK ko QPSK |
Sigina na shigarwa da fitarwa
Tebur mai zuwa yana lissafin shigarwar da tashoshin fitarwa na Costas Loop.
Tebur 2-2. Sigina na shigarwa da fitarwa
| Sunan siginar | Hanyar | Nau'in sigina | Nisa | Bayani |
| CLK_I | Shigarwa | — | 1 | Alamar Agogo |
| ARST_N_IN | Shigarwa | — | 1 | Ƙaramar siginar sake saitin asynchronous mai aiki |
| I_DATA_IN | Shigarwa | Sa hannu | 16 | A cikin lokaci / shigar da bayanan gaskiya |
| Q_DATA_IN | Shigarwa | Sa hannu | 16 | Quadrature/Input data Hatsari |
| KP_IN | Shigarwa | Sa hannu | 18 | Matsakaicin daidaitaccen mai sarrafa PI |
| KI_IN | Shigarwa | Sa hannu | 18 | Haɗin kai na mai sarrafa PI |
| LIMIT_IN | Shigarwa | Sa hannu | 18 | Iyaka don mai sarrafa PI |
| THETA_FACTOR_IN | Shigarwa | Sa hannu | 18 | Theta factor don theta hadewa. |
| I_DATA_OUT | Fitowa | Sa hannu | 16 | A cikin lokaci / Fitar bayanai na ainihi |
| Q_DATA_OUT | Fitowa | Sa hannu | 16 | Quadrature / Fitar bayanan Hasashen |
| THETA_FITA | Fitowa | Sa hannu | 10 | Ƙididdigar Theta index (0-1023) don tabbatarwa |
| PI_OUT | Fitowa | Sa hannu | 18 | PI fitarwa |
Jadawalin lokaci
Wannan sashe yana tattauna zanen lokaci na Costas Loop.
Hoto na gaba yana nuna jadawalin lokaci na Costas Loop.
Hoto na 3-1. Tsarin Lokaci na Costas Loop
Testbench
Ana amfani da benci mai haɗaka don tantancewa da gwada Costas Loop da ake kira azaman benci na gwajin mai amfani. An ba da benci na gwaji don duba ayyukan Costas Loop IP.
Layukan kwaikwayo
Don siffanta ainihin abin da ake amfani da shi ta amfani da testbench, yi matakai masu zuwa:
- Bude aikace-aikacen Libero SoC, danna Catalog tab, fadada Solutions-Wireless, danna COSTAS LOOP sau biyu, sannan danna Ok. Takardun da ke da alaƙa da IP an jera su a ƙarƙashin Takardun Takardun.
Muhimmi: Idan baku ga shafin Catalog ba, kewaya zuwa View > Menu na Windows kuma danna Catalog don ganin shi.
Hoto na 4-1. Costas Loop IP Core a cikin Libaro SoC Catalog
- Sanya IP kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Hoto na 4-2. Mai tsara GUI
Haɓaka duk sigina zuwa babban matakin kuma samar da ƙira - A shafin Stimulus Hierarchy, danna Gina Matsayi.
Hoto na 4-3. Gina Matsayi
- A shafin Stimulus Hierarchy, danna dama-dama kan testbench (Costas loop bevy), nuna zuwa Simulate Present Design, sannan danna Bude Interactively.
Hoto na 4-4. Simulating Pre-Synthesis Design
ModelSim yana buɗewa tare da bench file, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi mai zuwa.
Hoto na 4-5. Model Simulation Window
Muhimmi: Idan an katse simulation saboda iyakar lokacin aiki da aka ƙayyade a cikin .do file, yi amfani da run-duk umarnin don kammala simulation
Tarihin Bita
Tarihin bita ya bayyana canje-canjen da aka aiwatar a cikin takaddar. Canje-canjen an jera su ta bita, farawa da mafi kyawun ɗaba'ar.
Table 5-1. Tarihin Bita
| Bita | Kwanan wata | Bayani |
| A | 03/2023 | Sakin farko |
Tallafin FPGA Microchip
Ƙungiyar samfuran Microchip FPGA tana goyan bayan samfuran ta tare da sabis na tallafi daban-daban, gami da Sabis na Abokin Ciniki,
Cibiyar Taimakon Fasaha ta Abokin Ciniki, a website, da ofisoshin tallace-tallace na duniya. Ana ba abokan ciniki shawarar ziyarta
Albarkatun kan layi na Microchip kafin tuntuɓar tallafi saboda yana da yuwuwar cewa tambayoyinsu sun riga sun kasance
amsa.
Tuntuɓi Cibiyar Tallafawa Fasaha ta hanyar websaiti a www.microchip.com/support. Ambaci Na'urar FPGA
Lambar sashe, zaɓi nau'in shari'ar da ta dace, da ƙira zazzagewa files yayin ƙirƙirar shari'ar tallafin fasaha.
Tuntuɓi Sabis na Abokin Ciniki don tallafin samfur mara fasaha, kamar farashin samfur, haɓaka samfur, sabuntawa
bayanai, oda matsayi, da izini.
- Daga Arewacin Amurka, kira 800.262.1060
- Daga sauran duniya, kira 650.318.4460
- Fax, daga ko'ina cikin duniya, 650.318.8044
Bayanin Microchip
Microchip Website
Microchip yana ba da tallafin kan layi ta hanyar mu websaiti a www.microchip.com/. Wannan webana amfani da site don yin files kuma
bayanai cikin sauƙi samuwa ga abokan ciniki. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ake samu sun haɗa da:
- Tallafin samfur - Takardar bayanai da errata, bayanin kula da aikace-aikace da sampshirye-shirye, albarkatun ƙira, jagororin mai amfani da takaddun tallafi na hardware, sabbin fitattun software da software da aka adana
- Babban Taimakon Fasaha - Tambayoyin da ake Yi akai-akai (FAQs), buƙatun tallafin fasaha, ƙungiyoyin tattaunawa kan layi, jerin membobin shirin abokan hulɗa na Microchip
- Kasuwancin Microchip - Mai zaɓin samfur da jagororin yin oda, sabbin fitowar manema labarai na Microchip, jerin tarukan karawa juna sani da abubuwan da suka faru, jerin ofisoshin tallace-tallace na Microchip, masu rarrabawa da wakilan masana'anta
Sabis ɗin Sanarwa Canjin samfur
Sabis ɗin sanarwar canjin samfur na Microchip yana taimakawa abokan ciniki su kasance a halin yanzu akan samfuran Microchip. Masu biyan kuɗi za su karɓi sanarwar imel a duk lokacin da aka sami canje-canje, sabuntawa, bita ko ƙirƙira masu alaƙa da ƙayyadadden dangin samfur ko kayan aikin haɓaka na ban sha'awa.
Don yin rajista, je zuwa www.microchip.com/pcn kuma bi umarnin rajista.
Tallafin Abokin Ciniki
Masu amfani da samfuran Microchip na iya samun taimako ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- Mai Rarraba ko Wakili
- Ofishin Talla na Gida
- Injiniyan Magance Ciki (ESE)
- Goyon bayan sana'a
Abokan ciniki yakamata su tuntuɓi mai rarraba su, wakilin ko ESE don tallafi. Hakanan akwai ofisoshin tallace-tallace na gida don taimakawa abokan ciniki. An haɗa lissafin ofisoshin tallace-tallace da wurare a cikin wannan takarda.
Ana samun tallafin fasaha ta hanyar websaiti a: www.microchip.com/support
Siffar Kariyar Lambar Na'urorin Microchip
Kula da cikakkun bayanai masu zuwa na fasalin kariyar lambar akan samfuran Microchip:
- Samfuran Microchip sun haɗu da ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ke ƙunshe a cikin takamaiman takaddar bayanan Microchip ɗin su.
- Microchip ya yi imanin cewa dangin samfuran sa suna da tsaro lokacin da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar da aka yi niyya, cikin ƙayyadaddun aiki, da kuma ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun.
- Ƙimar Microchip kuma tana kare haƙƙin mallaka na fasaha da ƙarfi. Ƙoƙarin keta fasalulluka na kariyar lambar samfurin Microchip an haramta shi sosai kuma yana iya keta dokar haƙƙin mallaka na Millennium Digital.
- Babu Microchip ko kowane masana'anta na semiconductor ba zai iya tabbatar da amincin lambar sa ba. Kariyar lambar ba ta nufin cewa muna ba da garantin samfurin "ba zai karye ba". Kariyar lambar tana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Microchip ya himmatu don ci gaba da haɓaka fasalin kariyar lambar samfuranmu
Sanarwa na Shari'a
Ana iya amfani da wannan ɗaba'ar da bayanin da ke cikin nan tare da samfuran Microchip, gami da ƙira, gwaji,
kuma haɗa samfuran Microchip tare da aikace-aikacen ku. Amfani da wannan bayanin ta kowace hanya ya saba wa waɗannan
sharuddan. Bayani game da aikace-aikacen na'ura an bayar da shi ne kawai don jin daɗin ku kuma ana iya maye gurbinsa
by updates. Alhakin ku ne don tabbatar da cewa aikace-aikacenku ya dace da ƙayyadaddun bayananku. Tuntuɓar ku
ofishin tallace-tallace na Microchip na gida don ƙarin tallafi ko, sami ƙarin tallafi a www.microchip.com/en us/support/ design-help/client-support-services.
WANNAN BAYANI AN BAYAR DA MICROCHIP "KAMAR YADDA". MICROCHIP BA YA YI WAKILI KO GARANTIN KOWANE IRIN BAYANI KO BAYANI, RUBUTU KO BAKI, DOKA KO SAURAN BA, GAME DA BAYANIN GAME DA BAYANI AMMA BAI IYA IYAKA GA WANI GARGADI BA, DA KYAUTATA DON MUSAMMAN MANUFAR, KO GARANTIN DA KE DANGANTA DA SHARADINSA, INGANCI, KO AIKINSA.
BABU WANI FARKO MICROCHIP BA ZAI IYA HANNU GA DUK WATA BAYANI NA MUSAMMAN, HUKUNCI, MASU FARU, KO SAKAMAKON RASHI, LALATA, KUDI, KO KUDI NA KOWANE IRIN ABINDA YA DANGANE BAYANI KO SAMUN HANYAR AMFANINSA, ANA SHAWARAR DA YIWU KO LALACEWAR DA AKE SANYA. ZUWA CIKAKKIYAR DOKA, JAMA'AR DOKAR MICROCHIP A KAN DUK DA'AWA A KOWANE HANYA DAKE DANGANTA BAYANI KO AMFANINSA BA ZAI WUCE YAWAN KUDADE BA, IDAN WATA, CEWA KA BIYA GASKIYA GA GADON.
Amfani da na'urorin Microchip a cikin tallafin rayuwa da/ko aikace-aikacen aminci gabaɗaya yana cikin haɗarin mai siye, kuma mai siye ya yarda ya kare, ramuwa da riƙe Microchip mara lahani daga kowane lalacewa, iƙirari, dacewa, ko kashe kuɗi sakamakon irin wannan amfani. Ba a isar da lasisi, a fakaice ko akasin haka, ƙarƙashin kowane haƙƙin mallaka na Microchip sai dai in an faɗi haka.
Tsarin Gudanar da inganci
Don bayani game da Tsarin Gudanar da Ingancin Microchip, da fatan za a ziyarci www.microchip.com/quality.
Kasuwanci da Sabis na Duniya
| AMURKA | ASIA/PACIFIC | ASIA/PACIFIC | TURAI |
| Ofishin Kamfanin2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199Tel: 480-792-7200Fax: 480-792-7277Taimakon Fasaha: www.microchip.com/support Web Adireshi: www.microchip.com Atlanta Duluth, GA Tel: 678-957-9614Fax: 678-957-1455Austin, TX Tel: 512-257-3370Boston Westborough, MA Tel: 774-760-0087Fax: 774-760-0088ChicagoItasca, IL Tel: 630-285-0071Fax: 630-285-0075DallasAddison, TX Tel: 972-818-7423Fax: 972-818-2924DetroitNovi, MI Tel: 248-848-4000Houston, TX Tel: 281-894-5983Indianapolis Noblesville, IN Tel: 317-773-8323Fax: 317-773-5453Tel: 317-536-2380Los Angeles Ofishin Jakadancin Viejo, CA Tel: 949-462-9523Fax: 949-462-9608Tel: 951-273-7800Raleigh, NC Tel: 919-844-7510New York, NY Tel: 631-435-6000San Jose, CA Lambar waya: 408-735-9110 408-436-4270Kanada - Toronto Ta waya: 905-695-1980 Fax: 905-695-2078 | Ostiraliya - Sydney Lambar waya: 61-2-9868-6733China - Beijing Lambar waya: 86-10-8569-7000China - Chengdu Lambar waya: 86-28-8665-5511China - Chongqing Lambar waya: 86-23-8980-9588China - Dongguan Lambar waya: 86-769-8702-9880China - Guangzhou Lambar waya: 86-20-8755-8029China - Hangzhou Lambar waya: 86-571-8792-8115China - Hong Kong SAR Lambar waya: 852-2943-5100China - Nanjing Lambar waya: 86-25-8473-2460China - Qingdao Lambar waya: 86-532-8502-7355China - Shanghai Lambar waya: 86-21-3326-8000China - Shenyang Lambar waya: 86-24-2334-2829China - Shenzhen Lambar waya: 86-755-8864-2200China - Suzhou Lambar waya: 86-186-6233-1526China - Wuhan Lambar waya: 86-27-5980-5300China - Xian Lambar waya: 86-29-8833-7252China - Xiamen Lambar waya: 86-592-2388138China - Zhuhai Lambar waya: 86-756-3210040 | Indiya - Bangalore Lambar waya: 91-80-3090-4444Indiya - New Delhi Lambar waya: 91-11-4160-8631Indiya - Pune Lambar waya: 91-20-4121-0141Japan - Osaka Lambar waya: 81-6-6152-7160Japan - Tokyo Lambar waya: 81-3-6880-3770Koriya - Daegu Lambar waya: 82-53-744-4301Koriya - Seoul Lambar waya: 82-2-554-7200Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur Lambar waya: 60-3-7651-7906Malaysia - Penang Lambar waya: 60-4-227-8870Philippines - Manila Lambar waya: 63-2-634-9065SingaporeLambar waya: 65-6334-8870Taiwan - Hsin Chu Lambar waya: 886-3-577-8366Taiwan - Kaohsiung Lambar waya: 886-7-213-7830Taiwan – Taipei Lambar waya: 886-2-2508-8600Thailand - Bangkok Lambar waya: 66-2-694-1351Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh Lambar waya: 84-28-5448-2100 | Ostiriya - Wels Tel: 43-7242-2244-39Fax: 43-7242-2244-393Denmark - Copenhagen Tel: 45-4485-5910Fax: 45-4485-2829Finland - Espoo Lambar waya: 358-9-4520-820Faransa - Paris Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79Jamus - Garching Lambar waya: 49-8931-9700Jamus - Han Lambar waya: 49-2129-3766400Jamus - Heilbronn Lambar waya: 49-7131-72400Jamus - Karlsruhe Lambar waya: 49-721-625370Jamus - Munich Tel: 49-89-627-144-0Fax: 49-89-627-144-44Jamus - Rosenheim Lambar waya: 49-8031-354-560Isra'ila - Ra'ana Lambar waya: 972-9-744-7705Italiya - Milan Tel: 39-0331-742611Fax: 39-0331-466781Italiya - Padova Lambar waya: 39-049-7625286Netherlands - Drunen Tel: 31-416-690399Fax: 31-416-690340Norway - Trondheim Lambar waya: 47-72884388Poland - Warsaw Lambar waya: 48-22-3325737Romania - Bucharest Tel: 40-21-407-87-50Spain - Madrid Tel: 34-91-708-08-90Fax: 34-91-708-08-91Sweden - Gothenburg Tel: 46-31-704-60-40Sweden - Stockholm Lambar waya: 46-8-5090-4654UK - Wokingham Tel: 44-118-921-5800Fax: 44-118-921-5820 |
Takardu / Albarkatu
 |
MICROCHIP Costas Loop Management [pdf] Jagorar mai amfani Gudanar da Madauki na Costas, Gudanar da Madauki, Gudanarwa |