RENESAS RA2E1 Capacitive Sensor MCU

Sensor Capacitive MCU
Jagoran rigakafin Haɓaka Haɓakawa

Gabatarwa
Renesas Capacitive Touch Unit (CTSU) na iya zama mai saurin kamuwa da surutu a cikin mahallin da ke kewaye da shi saboda yana iya gano sauye-sauye na mintina kaɗan a cikin ƙarfin ƙarfin, wanda siginonin lantarki da ba a so (amo). Tasirin wannan amo zai iya dogara ne akan ƙirar kayan aikin. Don haka, ɗaukar matakan ƙima a ƙirar stage zai haifar da CTSU MCU wanda ke da juriya ga hayaniyar muhalli da ingantaccen haɓaka samfurin. Wannan bayanin kula na aikace-aikacen yana bayyana hanyoyin haɓaka rigakafin amo don samfuran ta amfani da Renesas Capacitive Touch Unit (CTSU) ta ƙa'idodin rigakafi na IEC (IEC61000-4).

Na'urar Target
Iyalin RX, Iyalin RA, RL78 Family MCUs da Renesas Synergy™ suna haɗa CTSU (CTSU, CTSU2, CTSU2L, CTSU2La, CTSU2SL)

Matsayin da aka rufe a cikin wannan bayanin aikace-aikacen 

• Saukewa: IEC-61000-4-3
• Saukewa: IEC-61000-4-6

Ƙarsheview

CTSU tana auna yawan adadin wutar lantarki daga cajin lantarki lokacin da aka taɓa lantarki. Idan yuwuwar na'urar taɓawa ta canza saboda hayaniya yayin aunawa, cajin halin yanzu shima yana canzawa, yana shafar ƙimar da aka auna. Musamman, babban canji a cikin ƙimar da aka auna zai iya ƙetare iyakar taɓawa, yana haifar da na'urar ta yi kuskure. Ƙananan haye-haye a cikin ƙima na iya shafar aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ma'auni na layi. Ilimi game da halayen gano taɓawa na CTSU da ƙirar allo yana da mahimmanci yayin la'akari da rigakafin hayaniya don tsarin taɓawa capacitive CTSU. Muna ba da shawarar masu amfani da CTSU na farko don ba da kansu tare da CTSU da ka'idodin taɓawa mai ƙarfi ta hanyar nazarin takaddun da ke da alaƙa.

• Bayanan asali game da ganowar taɓawa da CTSU
• Jagorar Mai Amfani da Taɓa don Capacitive Sensor MCUs (R30AN0424)
• Bayani game da ƙirar allo hardware
  Na'urar Sensor Microcontrollers - CTSU Capacitive Touch Electrode Design Guide (R30AN0389)
• Bayani game da CTSU direba (CTSU module) software
  Iyali RA Kunshin Software Mai Sauƙi na Renesas (FSP) Littafin Mai amfani (Web Sigar – HTML)
  Bayanin API> Modules> CapTouch> CTSU (r_ctsu)
  RL78 Iyali CTSU Tsarin Haɗin Software (R11AN0484)
  RX Iyali QE CTSU Module Firmware Haɗin Fasaha (R01AN4469)
• Bayani game da Touch middleware (TOUCH module) Software
  Iyali RA Kunshin Software Mai Sauƙi na Renesas (FSP) Littafin Mai amfani (Web Sigar – HTML)
  Bayanin API> Modules> CapTouch> Taɓa (rm_touch)
  RL78 Family TOUCH Tsarin Haɗin Software na Module (R11AN0485)
  RX Family QE Touch Module Firmware Haɗin Fasaha (R01AN4470)
• Bayani game da QE don Capacitive Touch (kayan aikin haɓaka aikace-aikacen haɓakawa)
  Amfani da QE da FSP don Haɓaka Aikace-aikacen Taimako (R01AN4934)
  Amfani da QE da FIT don Haɓaka Aikace-aikacen Taimako (R01AN4516)
  Iyali RL78 Yin Amfani da QE da SIS don Haɓaka Aikace-aikacen Taɓawa (R01AN5512)
  Iyali RL78 Amfani da Sigar Tsaya ta QE don Haɓaka Aikace-aikacen Taɓawa (R01AN6574)

Nau'in Surutu da Ma'auni

Ka'idodin EMC
Tebu 2-1 yana ba da jerin ma'auni na EMC. Hayaniya na iya rinjayar ayyuka ta hanyar shigar da tsarin ta hanyar raƙuman iska da igiyoyin haɗi. Wannan jeri yana gabatar da ka'idodin IEC 61000 azaman exampdon bayyana nau'ikan masu haɓaka amo dole ne su sani don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki don tsarin amfani da CTSU. Da fatan za a koma zuwa sabon sigar IEC 61000 don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai.

Tebur 2-1 Matsayin Gwajin EMC (IEC 61000)

Bayanin Gwaji	Ƙarsheview	Daidaitawa
Gwajin rigakafin Radiated	Gwaji don rigakafi zuwa ingantacciyar hayaniyar RF mai ƙarfi	Saukewa: IEC61000-4-3
Anyi Gwajin Kariya	Gwaji don rigakafi zuwa ƙaramar ƙaramar amo RF	Saukewa: IEC61000-4-6
Gwajin fitar da Electrostatic (ESD)	Gwaji don rigakafi ga fitarwar lantarki	Saukewa: IEC61000-4-2
Gwajin Gaggawa Mai Saurin Lantarki (EFT/B)	Gwaji don rigakafi zuwa ci gaba da ƙwanƙwasa martanin ɗan lokaci da aka gabatar cikin layin samar da wutar lantarki, da sauransu.	Saukewa: IEC61000-4-4

Tebu na 2-2 ya lissafa ma'aunin aiki don gwajin rigakafi. An ƙayyade ma'auni na aiki don gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi na EMC, kuma ana yanke hukunci bisa ga aikin kayan aiki yayin gwajin (EUT). Ma'aunin aiki iri ɗaya ne ga kowane ma'auni.

Tebur 2-2 Ma'auni na Ayyuka don Gwajin rigakafi

Ma'aunin Aiki	Bayani
A	Kayan aikin za su ci gaba da aiki kamar yadda aka yi niyya yayin gwajin da kuma bayan gwajin. Ba a yarda da lalacewar aiki ko asarar aiki a ƙasan matakin aiki da masana'anta suka kayyade lokacin da aka yi amfani da kayan aiki kamar yadda aka yi niyya.
B	Kayan aikin za su ci gaba da aiki kamar yadda aka yi niyya yayin gwajin da kuma bayan gwajin. Ba a yarda da lalacewar aiki ko asarar aiki a ƙasan matakin aiki da masana'anta suka kayyade lokacin da aka yi amfani da kayan aiki kamar yadda aka yi niyya. Yayin gwajin, duk da haka ana ba da izinin lalata aikin. Babu canjin ainihin yanayin aiki ko bayanan da aka adana da aka yarda.
C	An ba da izinin asarar aiki na ɗan lokaci, muddin aikin yana iya dawo da kansa ko kuma ana iya dawo da shi ta aikin sarrafawa.

RF Noise Countermeasures

Hayaniyar RF tana nuna raƙuman wutar lantarki na mitocin rediyo da talabijin da rediyo ke amfani da su, na'urorin hannu, da sauran kayan lantarki. Hayaniyar RF na iya shiga cikin PCB kai tsaye ko kuma ta shiga ta layin samar da wutar lantarki da sauran igiyoyin da aka haɗa. Dole ne a aiwatar da matakan hana surutu a kan allo don tsohon da kuma a matakin tsarin na ƙarshe, kamar ta hanyar layin samar da wutar lantarki. CTSU tana auna ƙarfin ƙarfi ta hanyar juya shi zuwa siginar lantarki. Canjin ƙarfin aiki saboda taɓawa yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, don haka don tabbatar da gano taɓawa ta al'ada, fil ɗin firikwensin da wutar lantarki na firikwensin kanta dole ne a kiyaye shi daga hayaniyar RF. Gwaje-gwaje biyu tare da mitocin gwaji daban-daban suna samuwa don gwada rigakafin hayaniyar RF: IEC 61000-4-3 da IEC 61000-4-6.

IEC61000-4-3 gwajin rigakafi ne mai haskakawa kuma ana amfani dashi don kimanta rigakafin amo ta hanyar yin amfani da sigina kai tsaye daga filin lantarki na mitar rediyo zuwa EUT. Filin lantarki na RF ya tashi daga 80MHz zuwa 1GHz ko sama, wanda ke juyawa zuwa tsayin daka na kusan 3.7m zuwa 30cm. Kamar yadda wannan tsayin daka da tsayin PCB yayi kama da juna, ƙirar zata iya yin aiki azaman eriya, yana yin illa ga sakamakon aunawar CTSU. Bugu da ƙari, idan tsawon wayoyi ko ƙarfin ƙarfin parasitic ya bambanta ga kowace lantarki ta taɓawa, mitar da abin ya shafa na iya bambanta ga kowane tasha. Koma zuwa Tebur 2-3 don cikakkun bayanai game da gwajin rigakafi mai haske.

Tebur 2-3 Radiated Immunity Test

Yawan Mitar	Matsayin Gwaji	Ƙarfin Filin Gwaji
80MHz-1GHz Har zuwa 2.7GHz ko har zuwa 6.0GHz, ya danganta da nau'in gwaji	1	1V/m
	2	3V/m
	3	10V/m
	4	30V/m
	X	Ƙayyadaddun daidaikun mutane

IEC 61000-4-6 gwajin rigakafin rigakafi ne da aka gudanar kuma ana amfani dashi don kimanta mitoci tsakanin 150kHz da 80MHz, kewayon ƙasa da na gwajin rigakafi mai haske. Wannan zangon mitar yana da tsawon mita da yawa ko fiye, kuma tsawon 150 kHz ya kai kusan kilomita 2. Saboda yana da wahala kai tsaye a yi amfani da filin lantarki na RF na wannan tsayin akan EUT, ana amfani da siginar gwaji akan kebul ɗin da aka haɗa kai tsaye da EUT don kimanta tasirin raƙuman mitoci kaɗan. Gajeren tsayin raƙuman ruwa ya fi shafar samar da wutar lantarki da igiyoyin sigina. Domin misaliample, idan mitar band ya haifar da hayaniya da ke shafar kebul na wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki voltage ya lalata, sakamakon ma'aunin CTSU na iya shafar amo a duk filaye. Shafin 2-4 yana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da gwajin rigakafin da aka gudanar.

Tebur 2-4 An Gudanar da Gwajin Kariya

Yawan Mitar	Matsayin Gwaji	Ƙarfin Filin Gwaji
150 kHz-80 MHz	1	1V rm
	2	3V rm
	3	10V rm
	X	Ƙayyadaddun daidaikun mutane

A cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na AC inda tsarin GND ko MCU VSS ba a haɗa shi da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta kasuwanci ba, hayaniya da aka gudanar na iya shiga cikin jirgi kai tsaye a matsayin hayaniyar yanayin gama gari, wanda zai iya haifar da hayaniya a sakamakon ma'aunin CTSU lokacin da maɓalli ya kasance. taba.

Hoto 2-1 yana nuna Hanyar Shiga Hayaniya gama gari da Hoto 2-2 yana nuna Alakar Tsakanin Hayaniyar Yanayin gama gari da Aunawa Yanzu. Daga mahallin GND (B-GND), hayaniyar yanayin gama gari yana bayyana yana canzawa yayin da amo ke mamaye duniya GND (E-GND). Bugu da ƙari, saboda yatsa (jikin ɗan adam) da ke taɓa abin taɓawa (PAD) yana haɗe da E-GND saboda ƙarfin ƙarfin da ba daidai ba, sautin yanayin gama gari yana yaduwa kuma yana bayyana yana canzawa kamar yadda E-GND. Idan an taɓa PAD a wannan lokacin, amo (VNOISE) da aka haifar ta hanyar hayaniyar yanayin gama gari ana yin amfani da ƙarfin ƙarfin Cf da yatsa da PAD suka yi, yana haifar da cajin halin yanzu da CTSU ke auna. Canje-canje a cikin caji na yanzu suna bayyana azaman ƙimar dijital tare da ƙarar ƙara. Idan hayaniyar yanayin gama gari ya haɗa da abubuwan mitar da suka dace da mitar bugun bugun CTSU da haɗin kai, sakamakon aunawa na iya canzawa sosai. Tebur na 2-5 yana ba da jerin matakan da ake buƙata don inganta haɓakar hayaniyar RF. Yawancin matakan da za a ɗauka sun zama gama gari don haɓaka rigakafin rigakafi da aka gudanar. Da fatan za a koma zuwa sashin kowane babi daidai kamar yadda aka jera don kowane matakin ci gaba.

Tebur 2-5 Jerin Ma'auni da ake Bukata don Haɓaka Haɓaka Hayar RF

Matakin Ci Gaba	Matakan da ake buƙata a lokacin ƙira	Sassan da suka dace
Zaɓin MCU (zaɓin aikin CTSU)	Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da MCU da aka saka tare da CTSU2 lokacin da rigakafin amo shine fifiko. Ba da damar CTSU2 anti-noise countermeasure ayyuka: ¾ Ma'aunin mitoci da yawa ¾ Garkuwa mai aiki ¾ Saita zuwa fitowar tashar mara auna lokacin amfani da garkuwa mai aiki   Or Ba da damar CTSU anti-amo countermeasure ayyuka: ¾ Bazuwar aikin motsi lokaci ¾ Ayyukan rage yawan amo mai girma	3.3.1   Ma'auni da yawa 3.3.2    Garkuwan aiki 3.3.3    Channel mara auna Zaɓin Fitarwa       3.2.1   Ayyukan Canjin Mataki na Random 3.2.2    Hayaniya mai girma Ayyukan Ragewa ( yada aikin bakan)
Sanya kayan aiki	· Ƙirar allo ta amfani da ƙirar lantarki da aka ba da shawarar   · Yi amfani da tushen samar da wutar lantarki don ƙaramar fitarwa Shawarar ƙirar ƙirar GND: a cikin tsarin ƙasa yi amfani da sassa don daidaita yanayin amo na gama gari       Rage matakin shigar amo a finin firikwensin ta hanyar daidaita dampresistor darajar. · Lokaci damping resistor akan layin sadarwa · Zane da sanya capacitator mai dacewa akan layin samar da wutar lantarki na MCU	4.1.1 Taɓa Tsarin Electrode Zane-zane 4.1.2.1  Voltage Supply Design 4.1.2.2  Tsarin Tsarin GND 4.3.1 Tace Yanayin gama gari 4.3.4 Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na GND Garkuwa da Electrode Distance     4.2.1  TS Pin Damping Juriya 4.2.2  Hayaniyar Siginar Dijital 4.3.4 Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na GND Garkuwa da Electrode Distance
Aiwatar da software	Daidaita tacewar software don rage tasirin amo akan ƙimar ƙididdiga · Matsakaicin motsi na IIR (mai tasiri ga yawancin amo bazuwar) · Matsakaicin motsi na FIR (don ƙayyadadden hayaniyar lokaci-lokaci)	5.1   Tace IIR   5.2  Tace FIR

ESD Noise (fitarwa na lantarki)

Ana haifar da fitarwar lantarki (ESD) lokacin da abubuwa biyu da aka caje ke cikin hulɗa ko suna kusa. Wutar lantarki a tsaye da aka tara a cikin jikin ɗan adam na iya kaiwa ga na'urar lantarki ko da ta hanyar rufi. Dangane da adadin makamashin lantarki da ake amfani da shi a kan lantarki, sakamakon ma'aunin CTSU na iya shafar, yana haifar da lahani ga na'urar kanta. Sabili da haka, dole ne a gabatar da matakan kariya a matakin tsarin, kamar na'urorin kariya a kan da'irar allo, sama da allo, da gidaje masu kariya ga na'urar. Ana amfani da ma'aunin IEC 61000-4-2 don gwada rigakafin ESD. Tebu 2-6 yana ba da cikakkun bayanan gwajin ESD. Aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya da kaddarorin samfurin za su ƙayyade matakin gwajin da ake buƙata. Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, koma zuwa daidaitattun IEC 61000-4-2. Lokacin da ESD ya kai ga taɓawa lantarki, nan take yana haifar da yuwuwar bambancin kV da yawa. Wannan na iya haifar da hayaniyar bugun jini ya faru a cikin ƙimar da aka auna na CTSU, rage daidaiton ma'auni, ko yana iya dakatar da ma'aunin saboda gano overvol.tage ko overcurrent. Lura cewa na'urorin semiconductor ba a tsara su don jure aikace-aikacen ESD kai tsaye ba. Don haka, yakamata a gudanar da gwajin ESD akan samfurin da aka gama tare da allon kariya ta yanayin na'urar. Matakan da aka gabatar a kan allon da kansu matakan da ba su da aminci ne don kare da'ira a cikin yanayin da ba kasafai ba wanda ESD ke yi, saboda wasu dalilai, shigar da hukumar.

Tebur 2-6 Gwajin ESD

Matsayin Gwaji	Gwajin Voltage
	Tuntuɓi Fitar	Fitar da iska
1	2 kV	2 kV
2	4 kV	4 kV
3	6 kV	8 kV
4	8 kV	15 kV
X	Ƙayyadaddun daidaikun mutane	Ƙayyadaddun daidaikun mutane

EFT Noise (Masu Saurin Wutar Lantarki)
Kayayyakin lantarki suna haifar da wani al'amari mai suna Electrical Fast Transients (EFT), kamar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya lokacin da aka kunna wuta saboda tsarin ciki na wutar lantarki ko kuma hayaniya a kan na'urori masu sauyawa. A cikin wuraren da aka haɗa samfuran lantarki da yawa ta wata hanya, kamar a kan igiyoyin wuta, wannan ƙarar na iya tafiya ta layin samar da wutar lantarki kuma ta shafi aikin wasu kayan aiki. Hatta layukan wuta da layukan sigina na samfuran lantarki waɗanda ba a cusa su cikin filayen wutar lantarki na iya shafar su ta hanyar iska kawai ta kasancewa kusa da layin wutar lantarki ko layin siginar amo. Ana amfani da ma'aunin IEC 61000-4-4 don gwada rigakafin EFT. IEC 61000-4-4 tana kimanta rigakafi ta hanyar allurar siginar EFT na lokaci-lokaci a cikin wutar lantarki da layin siginar EUT. Hayaniyar EFT tana haifar da bugun jini na lokaci-lokaci a cikin sakamakon ma'aunin CTSU, wanda zai iya rage daidaiton sakamakon ko haifar da gano taɓawar ƙarya. Tebu 2-7 yana ba da cikakkun bayanan gwajin EFT/B (Electrical Fast Transient Burst).

Tebur 2-7 Gwajin EFT/B

Matsayin Gwaji	Buɗe Gwajin Wuta Voltage (peak)		Mitar maimaita bugun jini (PRF)
	Tushen wutan lantarki Layi/ Wayar Kasa	Sigina/Layin Sarrafa
1	0.5 kV	0.25 kV	5kHz ko 100kHz
2	1 kV	0.5 kV
3	2 kV	1 kV
4	4 kV	2 kV
X	Ƙayyadaddun daidaikun mutane		Ƙayyadaddun daidaikun mutane

Ayyukan Ma'auni na CTSU

CTSUs an sanye su da ayyukan hana amo, amma kasancewar kowane aiki ya bambanta dangane da sigar MCU da CTSU da kuke amfani da su. Koyaushe tabbatar da nau'ikan MCU da CTSU kafin haɓaka sabon samfuri. Wannan babin yana bayyana bambance-bambancen ayyukan auna amo tsakanin kowace sigar CTSU.

Ka'idodin Aunawa da Tasirin Surutu
CTSU tana maimaita caji da fitarwa sau da yawa don kowane zagayowar aunawa. Ana tattara sakamakon ma'auni na kowane caji ko fitarwa na yanzu kuma ana adana sakamakon ma'aunin ƙarshe a cikin rijistar. A cikin wannan hanyar, ana iya ƙara adadin ma'auni a kowane lokaci naúrar ta hanyar haɓaka mitar bugun bugun jini, don haka haɓaka kewayon kuzari (DR) da fahimtar ma'aunin CTSU mai matukar damuwa. A gefe guda, hayaniyar waje tana haifar da canje-canje a cikin caji ko fitarwa na halin yanzu. A cikin mahalli inda ake haifar da hayaniya na lokaci-lokaci, sakamakon ma'aunin da aka adana a cikin Rijistar Sensor Counter yana yin diyya saboda karuwa ko raguwa a cikin adadin na yanzu a hanya ɗaya. Irin waɗannan illolin da ke da alaƙa da amo a ƙarshe suna rage daidaiton aunawa. Hoto na 3-1 yana nuna hoton kuskuren caji na yanzu saboda hayaniya na lokaci-lokaci. Mitar da ke tashi azaman amo na lokaci-lokaci sune waɗanda suka dace da mitar bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin da ƙararsa mai jituwa. Kurakurai auna sun fi girma lokacin da aka daidaita hayaniyar tashi ko faɗuwar lokaci tare da lokacin SW1 ON. CTSU sanye take da matakan matakan amo amo a matsayin kariya daga wannan hayaniyar lokaci-lokaci.

CTSU1
CTSU1 an sanye shi da aikin jujjuya lokaci na bazuwar da babban aikin rage amo (aikin yada bakan). Za'a iya rage tasirin ƙimar ƙimar lokacin da ainihin jituwa na mitar bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin da mitar amo. Matsakaicin ƙimar saitin firikwensin bugun bugun bugun jini shine 4.0MHz.

Ayyukan Canjin Mataki na Random
Hoto na 3-2 yana nuna hoton ɓata amo ta amfani da aikin canjin lokaci bazuwar. Ta hanyar canza yanayin bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin da digiri 180 a lokacin bazuwar lokaci, haɓaka / raguwar unidirectional a halin yanzu saboda amo na lokaci-lokaci na iya zama bazuwar kuma a daidaita shi don haɓaka daidaiton aunawa. Ana kunna wannan aikin koyaushe a cikin tsarin CTSU da tsarin TOUCH.

Ayyukan Rage Hayaniyar Maɗaukaki (aikin bakan bakan)
Babban aikin rage yawan amo yana auna mitar bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin tare da ƙara magana da gangan. Daga nan sai ta bazu wurin aiki tare tare da amo na aiki tare don tarwatsa kololuwar kuskuren auna da inganta daidaiton auna. Ana kunna wannan aikin koyaushe a cikin fitowar module na CTSU da fitarwa na TOUCH ta hanyar tsara lamba.

CTSU2

Ma'auni da yawa
Ma'aunin mitoci da yawa yana amfani da mitocin bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin da yawa tare da mitoci daban-daban. Ba a amfani da bakan bakan don guje wa tsangwama a kowane mitar bugun bugun tuƙi. Wannan aikin yana inganta rigakafi daga gudanarwa da haskaka hayaniyar RF saboda yana da tasiri a kan hayaniyar aiki tare akan mitar bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin, da kuma amo da aka gabatar ta hanyar ƙirar lantarki ta taɓawa. Hoto na 3-3 yana nuna hoton yadda ake zabar ma'auni a ma'aunin mitoci da yawa, kuma Hoto na 3-4 yana nuna hoton raba mitocin amo ta hanyar auna iri ɗaya. Ma'aunin mitoci da yawa yana watsar da sakamakon awo da hayaniya ta shafa daga rukunin ma'aunin da aka ɗauka a mitoci da yawa don inganta daidaiton aunawa.

A cikin ayyukan aikace-aikacen da ke haɗa direban CTSU da na'urorin TOUCH middleware (koma zuwa takaddun FSP, FIT, ko SIS), lokacin da aka aiwatar da lokacin daidaitawa "QE don Capacitive Touch" sigogin ma'aunin mitoci da yawa ana haifar da su ta atomatik, kuma Multi- ana iya amfani da ma'aunin mitar. Ta hanyar kunna saitunan ci gaba a cikin lokacin kunnawa, ana iya saita sigogi da hannu. Don cikakkun bayanai game da saitunan ma'auni da yawa na yanayin ci gaba, koma zuwa Jagoran Sigar Madaidaicin Yanayin Taɓa (R30AN0428EJ0100). Hoto na 3-5 yana nuna misaliample na Mitar Tsangwama akan Ma'auni mai yawa. Wannan exampLe yana nuna mitar tsangwama da ke bayyana lokacin da aka saita mitar aunawa zuwa 1MHz kuma ana amfani da hayaniyar yanayin gama gari a kan allo yayin da aka taɓa na'urar taɓawa. Graph (a) yana nuna saitin nan da nan bayan kunnawa ta atomatik; an saita mitar ma'auni zuwa + 12.5% ​​don mitar 2nd da -12.5% ​​don mitar 3rd dangane da mitar 1st na 1MHz. Jadawalin yana tabbatar da cewa kowane mitar awo yana tsoma baki tare da amo. Hotuna (b) yana nuna wani tsohonample a cikin abin da aka daidaita mitar auna da hannu; an saita mitar ma'auni zuwa -20.3% don mitar 2nd da + 9.4% don mitar 3rd dangane da mitar 1st na 1MHz. Idan takamaiman hayaniyar mitar ta bayyana a cikin sakamakon auna kuma mitar amo ta yi daidai da mitar aunawa, tabbatar da daidaita ma'aunin mitoci da yawa yayin da ake kimanta ainihin mahallin don guje wa tsangwama tsakanin mitar amo da mitar auna.

Garkuwan aiki
A cikin hanyar ƙarfin kai na CTSU2, ana iya amfani da garkuwa mai aiki don fitar da tsarin garkuwa a daidai lokacin bugun bugun jini kamar bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin. Don ba da damar garkuwa mai aiki, a cikin QE don daidaita yanayin dubawa na Capacitive Touch, saita fil ɗin da ke haɗi zuwa tsarin garkuwa mai aiki zuwa “filin garkuwa.” Ana iya saita garkuwa mai aiki zuwa fil ɗaya a kowane saitin dubawar taɓawa (hanyar). Don bayanin aikin Garkuwan Active, koma zuwa ”Jagorar Mai Amfani da Taɓa don Capacitive Sensor MCUs (R30AN0424)". Don bayanin ƙirar PCB, koma zuwa ”Jagorar Zane na CTSU Capacitive Touch Electrode (R30AN0389)“.

Zaɓin Fitar tashoshi mara aunawa
A cikin hanyar ƙarfin kai na CTSU2, fitarwar bugun jini a cikin lokaci ɗaya kamar bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin za a iya saita shi azaman fitarwar tashar mara aunawa. A cikin QE don Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa ) An saita ta atomatik zuwa nau'in nau'in bugun jini guda ɗaya don hanyoyin da aka sanya tare da garkuwa mai aiki.

Matakan Harutun Hardware

Ma'auni na Halaye na Halaye

Taɓa Tsarin Tsarin Electrode
Da'irar wutar lantarki ta taɓa yana da saurin kamuwa da surutu, yana buƙatar rigakafin hayaniya don yin la'akari da ƙirar ƙirar kayan masarufi.tage. Don cikakkun ƙa'idodin ƙirar allo waɗanda ke magance rigakafin hayaniya, da fatan za a koma zuwa sabon sigar Jagorar Zane na CTSU Capacitive Touch Electrode (R30AN0389). Hoto na 4-1 yana ba da wani yanki daga Jagoran yana nuna ƙarewaview na tsarin ikon kai na ƙirar ƙirar ƙira, kuma Hoto na 4-2 yana nuna iri ɗaya don ƙirar hanyar ƙirar ƙarfin juna.

1. Siffar Electrode: murabba'i ko da'ira
2. Girman Electrode: 10mm zuwa 15mm
3. Electrode proximity: Electrodes ya kamata a sanya a ampnisa ta yadda ba za su mayar da martani lokaci guda ga mahaɗan ɗan adam da aka yi nisa ba, (wanda ake kira "yatsa" a cikin wannan takarda); Tazarar da aka ba da shawara: Girman maɓalli x 0.8 ko fiye
4. Faɗin waya: kusan. 0.15mm zuwa 0.20mm don buga allo
5. Tsawon wayoyi: Sanya wayoyi gajere gwargwadon yiwuwa. A kan sasanninta, samar da kusurwa 45-digiri, ba kusurwar dama ba.
6. Tazarar wayoyi: (A) Sanya tazara mai faɗi sosai don hana gano ƙarya ta na'urorin lantarki da ke makwabtaka da su. (B) 1.27mm nisa
7. Faɗin ƙirar GND mai tsalle-tsalle: 5mm
8. Tsarin GND mai haɗe-haɗe da maɓalli/waya tazarar (A) yanki kusa da na'urorin lantarki: 5mm (B) yanki kusa da wayoyi: 3mm ko fiye sama da yankin lantarki da ma'aunin igiyar waya da gaba dayan saman tare da ƙirar giciye. Har ila yau, sanya alamar ƙirƙira a cikin wuraren da ba kowa, kuma haɗa saman 2 na ƙirar ƙira ta hanyar vias. Koma zuwa sashin "Tsarin Tsarin Tsare-tsare na Anti-Amo na 2.5" don ma'auni mai ƙyanƙyashe, garkuwa mai aiki (CTSU2 kawai), da sauran matakan hana surutu.
9. Electrode + wiring capacitance: 50pF ko ƙasa da haka
10. Electrode + juriya na wayoyi: 2K0 ko ƙasa da haka (ciki har da damping resistor tare da ƙimar tunani na 5600)

Hoto 4-1 Shawarwari Tsara Tsara don Hanyar Ƙarfin Kai

1. Siffar Electrode: murabba'i (haɗaɗɗen lantarki mai watsawa TX da lantarki mai karɓa RX)
2. Girman Electrode: 10mm ko mafi girma kusancin Electrode: Ya kamata a sanya na'urorin lantarki a ampnisa don kada su mayar da martani lokaci guda ga abin taɓawa (yatsa, da sauransu), (lokacin da aka ba da shawara: girman maɓallin x 0.8 ko fiye)
   • Waya nisa: Mafi ƙarancin waya mai iya aiki ta hanyar samar da taro; kusan 0.15mm zuwa 0.20mm don buga allo
3. Tsawon wayoyi: Sanya wayoyi gajere gwargwadon yiwuwa. A kan sasanninta, samar da kusurwa 45-digiri, ba kusurwar dama ba.
4. Tazarar waya:
   • Yi tazara gwargwadon iyawa don hana gano ƙarya ta hanyar lantarki makwabta.
   • Lokacin da aka raba na'urorin lantarki: farar 1.27mm
   • 20mm ko fiye don hana haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Tx da Rx.
5. Tsarin GND mai haɗe-haɗe (garkuwoyi) kusanci Saboda ƙarfin fil parasitic capacitance a cikin ƙirar maɓalli da aka ba da shawarar kwatankwacin ƙanƙanta ne, ƙarfin parasitic yana ƙara kusancin fil ɗin zuwa GND.
   • A: 4mm ko fiye a kusa da na'urorin lantarki Muna kuma bada shawarar kimanin. Tsarin jirgin sama na GND mai faɗin 2mm mai faɗi tsakanin na'urorin lantarki.
   • B: 1.27mm ko fiye a kusa da wayoyi
6. Tx, Rx iyawar parasitic: 20pF ko ƙasa da haka
7. Electrode + juriya na wayoyi: 2kQ ko ƙasa da haka (ciki har da damping resistor tare da ƙimar tunani na 5600)
8. Kar a sanya tsarin GND kai tsaye ƙarƙashin na'urorin lantarki ko wayoyi. Ba za a iya amfani da aikin garkuwa mai aiki don hanyar iyawa juna ba.

Hoto na 4-2 Shawarwari na Ƙirar Ƙira don Hanyar Ƙarfafa Mutual (bangare)

Tsarin Samar da Wuta
CTSU wani nau'in juzu'i ne na analog wanda ke sarrafa siginar lantarki na mintuna. Lokacin da hayaniya ta shiga cikin voltage wanda aka kawo wa tsarin MCU ko GND, yana haifar da yuwuwar sauyi a bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin kuma yana rage daidaiton aunawa. Muna ba da shawara mai ƙarfi ƙara na'urar rigakafin amo zuwa layin samar da wutar lantarki ko da'irar samar da wutar lantarki a kan jirgin don samar da wuta cikin aminci ga MCU.

Voltage Supply Design
Ya kamata a ɗauki mataki yayin zayyana wutar lantarki don tsarin ko na'urar da ke kan jirgi don hana kutsawa amo ta fil ɗin samar da wutar lantarki ta MCU. Shawarwari masu alaƙa da ƙira masu zuwa zasu iya taimakawa hana kutsawa amo.

• Rike kebul na samar da wutar lantarki zuwa tsarin da wayoyi na ciki a takaice gwargwadon yiwu don rage rashin ƙarfi.
• Sanya kuma saka tace amo (ferrite core, ferrite bead, da dai sauransu) don toshe hayaniyar mai girma.
• Rage ripple akan wutar lantarki ta MCU. Muna ba da shawarar yin amfani da mai tsara layin layi akan MCU's voltage wadata. Zaɓi mai daidaita layi tare da ƙaramar fitowar amo da manyan halayen PSRR.
• Lokacin da akwai na'urori da yawa tare da manyan lodi na yanzu akan allo, muna ba da shawarar shigar da keɓaɓɓen wutar lantarki don MCU. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, raba samfurin a tushen wutar lantarki.
• Lokacin gudanar da na'ura mai yawan amfani a halin yanzu akan fil ɗin MCU, yi amfani da transistor ko FET.

Hoto na 4-3 yana nuna shimfidawa da yawa don layin samar da wutar lantarki. Vo shine wutar lantarki voltage, shine canjin amfani na yanzu wanda ya samo asali daga ayyukan IC2, kuma Z shine impedance layin samar da wutar lantarki. Vn shine voltage wanda aka samar ta hanyar layin samar da wutar lantarki kuma ana iya ƙididdige shi azaman Vn = a cikin × Z. Ana iya la'akari da tsarin GND ta hanya ɗaya. Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan tsarin GND, koma zuwa 4.1.2.2 GND Design Design. A cikin daidaitawa (a), layin samar da wutar lantarki zuwa MCU yana da tsayi, kuma reshen samar da wutar lantarki na IC2 kusa da wutar lantarki ta MCU. Ba a ba da shawarar wannan saitin azaman juzu'i na MCUtage wadata yana da saukin kamuwa da hayaniyar Vn lokacin da IC2 ke aiki. (b) da (c) zane-zane na (b) da (c) iri ɗaya ne da (a), amma ƙirar ƙirar ta bambanta. (b) rassan layin wutar lantarki daga tushen wutar lantarki, kuma tasirin Vn yana raguwa ta hanyar rage girman Z tsakanin wutar lantarki da MCU. (c) Hakanan yana rage tasirin Vn ta hanyar haɓaka fili da faɗin layin layin wutar lantarki don rage girman Z.

Tsarin Tsarin GND
Dangane da ƙirar ƙira, hayaniya na iya haifar da GND, wanda shine juzu'in tunanitage don MCU da na'urorin kan jirgin, don canzawa cikin yuwuwar, rage daidaiton ma'aunin CTSU. Alamu masu zuwa don ƙirar ƙirar GND za su taimaka murkushe yuwuwar haɓakawa.

• Rufe sarari mara komai tare da ingantaccen tsarin GND gwargwadon yuwuwa don rage cikas a kan babban fili.
• Yi amfani da shimfidar allo wanda ke hana hayaniya kutsawa cikin MCU ta hanyar layin GND ta hanyar ƙara nisa tsakanin MCU da na'urori masu manyan lodi na yanzu da kuma raba MCU daga tsarin GND.

Hoto na 4-4 yana nuna shimfidawa da yawa don layin GND. A wannan yanayin, shine canjin amfani na yanzu wanda ya haifar da ayyukan IC2, kuma Z shine impedance layin samar da wutar lantarki. Vn shine voltage wanda aka samar ta hanyar GND kuma ana iya ƙididdige shi azaman Vn = a cikin × Z. A cikin tsari (a), layin GND zuwa MCU yana da tsayi kuma yana haɗuwa da layin IC2 GND kusa da fil ɗin GND na MCU. Ba a ba da shawarar wannan ƙa'idar ba saboda yuwuwar MCU ta GND tana da sauƙi ga hayaniyar Vn lokacin da IC2 ke aiki. A cikin daidaitawa (b) layin GND suna haɗuwa a tushen tushen wutar lantarki GND fil. Ana iya rage tasirin amo daga Vn ta hanyar raba layin GND na MCU da IC2 don rage girman sarari tsakanin MCU da Z. Kodayake zane-zane na (c) da (a) iri ɗaya ne, ƙirar ƙirar ta bambanta. Kanfigareshan (c) yana rage tasirin Vn ta hanyar haɓaka fili da faɗin layin GND don rage girman Z.

Haɗa GND capacitor na TSCAP zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin GND wanda ke da alaƙa da tashar VSS ta MCU don ta sami damar daidai da ta tashar VSS. Kar a raba GND capacitor na TSCAP daga GND na MCU. Idan rashin daidaituwa tsakanin TSCAP capacitor's GND da MCU's GND ya yi girma, yawan ƙirjin amo na ƙarfin ƙarfin TSCAP zai ragu, yana sa ya fi sauƙi ga hayaniyar samar da wutar lantarki da hayaniyar waje.

Sarrafa Fitunan da Ba a Yi Amfani da su ba
Barin fil ɗin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a cikin yanayin rashin ƙarfi yana sa na'urar ta zama mai sauƙi ga tasirin hayaniyar waje. Tabbatar kun aiwatar da duk fil ɗin da ba a yi amfani da su ba bayan yin magana zuwa daidaitaccen littafin MCU Faily hardware manual na kowane fil. Idan ba za a iya aiwatar da resistor ba saboda rashin wurin hawa, gyara saitin fitarwa na fil zuwa ƙananan fitarwa.

Radiated RF Noise Countermeasures

TS Pin Damping Resistance
Da damping resistor da aka haɗa da fil ɗin TS da kuma ɓangaren ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki na lantarki yana aiki azaman matatar mai ƙarancin wucewa. Ƙara damping resistor yana rage mitar yankewa, don haka rage matakin amo mai raɗaɗi da ke kutsawa cikin fil ɗin TS. Koyaya, lokacin da cajin ma'auni ko lokacin fitarwa na yanzu ya tsawaita, dole ne a saukar da mitar bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin, wanda kuma yana rage daidaiton gano taɓawa. Don bayani game da hankali lokacin canza damping resistor a cikin hanyar ikon kai, koma zuwa “5. Maballin Maɓallin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Kai da Bayanan Halaye" a cikin Jagorar Zane na CTSU Capacitive Touch Electrode (R30AN0389)

Hayaniyar Siginar Dijital
Wayoyin siginar dijital da ke sarrafa sadarwa, kamar SPI da I2C, da siginonin PWM don LED da fitarwar sauti tushen hayaniya ce da ke shafar da'irar taɓawa. Lokacin amfani da sigina na dijital, yi la'akari da shawarwari masu zuwa yayin ƙirar stage.

• Lokacin da wayoyi ya haɗa da kusurwoyi na dama (digiri 90), amo radiation daga mafi kaifi maki zai karu. Tabbatar cewa kusurwoyin waya sun kasance digiri 45 ko ƙasa da haka, ko lanƙwasa, don rage amo.
• Lokacin da matakin sigina na dijital ya canza, overshoot ko ƙaramin harbi yana haskakawa azaman ƙarar ƙarami. A matsayin ma'auni, saka tallaamping resistor akan layin sigina na dijital don murkushe overshoot ko undershoot. Wata hanya ita ce a saka ƙwanƙwasa ferrite tare da layi.
• Shirya layukan sigina na dijital da da'irar wutar lantarki ta taɓa don kar su taɓa. Idan saitin yana buƙatar layukan suyi aiki a layi daya, kiyaye nisa tsakanin su gwargwadon yiwuwa kuma saka garkuwar GND tare da layin dijital.
• Lokacin gudanar da na'ura mai yawan amfani a halin yanzu akan fil ɗin MCU, yi amfani da transistor ko FET.

Ma'auni da yawa
Lokacin amfani da MCU da aka saka tare da CTSU2, tabbatar da yin amfani da ma'aunin mitoci da yawa. Don cikakkun bayanai, duba 3.3.1 Ma'auni mai yawan mitoci.

Ƙaddamar da Ƙaddamar da Hayaniya
Yin la'akari da rigakafin hayaniyar da aka gudanar ya fi mahimmanci a ƙirar samar da wutar lantarki fiye da ƙirar hukumar MCU. Da farko, zana wutar lantarki don samar da voltage tare da ƙaramar amo zuwa na'urorin da aka ɗora akan allo. Don cikakkun bayanai game da saitunan samar da wutar lantarki, koma zuwa 4.1.2 Tsarin Samar da Wuta. Wannan sashe yana bayyana matakan hana surutu masu alaƙa da wutar lantarki da kuma ayyukan CTSU waɗanda za a yi la'akari da su yayin zayyana hukumar MCU ɗin ku don haɓaka rigakafin hayaniya.

Tace Yanayin gama gari
Sanya ko dora matattarar yanayin gama gari (shaƙa yanayin gama gari, ferrite core) don rage hayaniyar shigar da allo daga kebul na wutar lantarki. Bincika mitar tsangwama na tsarin tare da gwajin amo kuma zaɓi na'ura mai tsayin daka don rage rukunin amo da aka yi niyya. Koma zuwa abubuwa daban-daban kamar yadda wurin shigarwa ya bambanta dangane da nau'in tacewa. Lura cewa kowane nau'in tacewa an sanya shi daban a kan allo; koma ga bayanin da ya dace don cikakkun bayanai. Koyaushe la'akari da shimfidar tacewa don guje wa hayaniya a cikin allo. Hoto na 4-5 yana nuna Tsarin Filter Filter Filter Example.

Yanayin gama gari Choke
Ana amfani da shaƙewar yanayin gama gari azaman ma'aunin amo da aka aiwatar akan allo, yana buƙatar saka shi yayin lokacin ƙirar allo da tsarin. Lokacin amfani da shaƙar yanayin gama gari, tabbatar da amfani da mafi guntun wayoyi mai yuwuwa nan da nan bayan wurin da aka haɗa wutar lantarki zuwa allon. Don misaliample, lokacin da ake haɗa wutar lantarki da allo tare da mai haɗawa, sanya tacewa nan da nan bayan mai haɗawa a gefen allon zai hana karar da ke shiga ta hanyar kebul daga yadawa a cikin allo.

Ferrite Core
Ana amfani da ferrite core don rage hayaniyar da ake gudanarwa ta hanyar kebul. Lokacin da hayaniya ta zama batu bayan taron tsarin, gabatar da clamp-type ferrite core yana ba ku damar rage hayaniya ba tare da canza allon allo ko tsarin tsarin ba. Domin misaliample, lokacin da ake haɗa kebul da allo tare da mai haɗawa, sanya tace kafin mai haɗawa a gefen allo zai rage ƙarar da ke shiga allon.

Layout Capacitor
Rage hayaniyar samar da wutar lantarki da hayaniyar da ke shiga cikin jirgi daga wutar lantarki da kebul na sigina ta hanyar ƙira da kuma sanya maƙasudin yankewa da manyan capacitors kusa da layin wutar lantarki na MCU ko tashoshi.

Decoupling capacitor
A decoupling capacitor iya rage voltage sauke tsakanin fil ɗin samar da wutar lantarki na VCC ko VDD da VSS saboda amfanin MCU na yanzu, yana daidaita ma'aunin CTSU. Yi amfani da ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka ba da shawarar da aka jera a cikin Manual mai amfani na MCU, sanya capacitor kusa da fil ɗin samar da wutar lantarki da fil ɗin VSS. Wani zaɓi shine ƙirƙira ƙirar ta bin jagorar ƙirar kayan masarufi don dangin MCU da aka yi niyya, idan akwai.

Babban Capacitor
Babban capacitors za su santsi ɗimbin yawa a cikin vol na MCUtage tushen samar da kayan aiki, tabbatar da voltage tsakanin fil ɗin wutar lantarki na MCU da VSS, don haka yana daidaita ma'aunin CTSU. Matsakaicin ƙarfin capacitors zai bambanta dangane da ƙirar wutar lantarki; tabbatar cewa kayi amfani da ƙimar da ta dace don gujewa haifar da girgiza ko voltagda drop.

Ma'auni da yawa
Ma'aunin mitoci da yawa, aikin CTSU2, yana da tasiri wajen inganta rigakafin hayaniya. Idan rigakafin amo da aka gudanar abin damuwa ne a cikin ci gaban ku, zaɓi MCU sanye take da CTSU2 don yin amfani da aikin auna yawan mitoci. Don cikakkun bayanai, koma zuwa 3.3.1 Ma'auni mai yawan mitoci.

La'akari da GND Garkuwa da Electrode Nisa
Hoto na 1 yana nuna hoton danne amo ta amfani da hanyar ƙara amo na garkuwar lantarki. Sanya garkuwar GND a kusa da lantarki da kuma kawo garkuwar da ke kewaye da lantarki kusa da lantarki yana ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin yatsa da garkuwa. Bangaren amo (VNOISE) yana tsere zuwa B-GND, yana rage sauyi a cikin ma'aunin CTSU. Lura cewa kusancin garkuwa yana zuwa ga na'urar lantarki, mafi girman CP, yana haifar da rage saurin taɓawa. Bayan canza nisa tsakanin garkuwa da na'urar lantarki, tabbatar da hankali a cikin sashe na 5. Maballin Hanyar Ƙarfin Kai da Bayanan Halaye na Jagorar Zane na CTSU Capacitive Touch Electrode (R30AN0389).

Software tacewa

Gano taɓawa yana amfani da sakamakon ma'aunin ƙarfi don sanin ko an taɓa firikwensin ko a'a (ON ko KASHE) ta amfani da duka direban CTSU da software na TOUCH. Tsarin CTSU yana aiwatar da rage amo akan sakamakon ma'aunin ƙarfi kuma yana ƙaddamar da bayanai zuwa tsarin TOUCH wanda ke ƙayyade taɓawa. Direban CTSU ya haɗa da matsakaicin matsakaicin motsi na IIR azaman madaidaicin tace. A mafi yawan lokuta, daidaitaccen tace zai iya samar da isassun SNR da amsawa. Koyaya, ana iya buƙatar sarrafa rage amo mai ƙarfi dangane da tsarin mai amfani. Hoto na 5-1 yana nuna Gudun Bayanai Ta Hanyar Ganewa. Ana iya sanya matatun mai amfani tsakanin direban CTSU da tsarin TOUCH don sarrafa surutu. Koma zuwa bayanin aikace-aikacen da ke ƙasa don cikakkun bayanai kan yadda ake haɗa matattara a cikin aikin file haka kuma software tace sample code da amfani exampda aikin file. RA Family Capacitive Touch Software tace SampShirin (R30AN0427)

Wannan sashin yana gabatar da matattara masu inganci don kowane ma'aunin EMC.

Teburin 5-1 Daidaitaccen EMC da Madaidaicin Tacewa na Software

EMC Standard	Hayaniyar da ake tsammani	Tace software mai dacewa
Saukewa: IEC61000-4-3	Hayaniyar bazuwar	IIR tace
Radiated rigakafi,
Saukewa: IEC61000-4-6	Hayaniyar lokaci-lokaci	FIR tace
Gudanar da rigakafi

Tace IIR
Fitar IIR (Infinite Impulse Response filter) yana buƙatar ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma yana ɗaukar nauyin ƙididdiga kaɗan, yana mai da shi manufa don tsarin ƙarancin ƙarfi da aikace-aikace tare da maɓalli da yawa. Yin amfani da wannan azaman matattara mai ƙarancin wucewa yana taimakawa rage yawan hayaniyar. Koyaya, dole ne a ɗauki kulawa azaman ƙarancin mitar yankewa, tsayin lokacin daidaitawa, wanda zai jinkirta tsarin shari'ar ON/KASHE. Ana ƙididdige madaidaicin oda na farko IIR tace ta hanyar amfani da dabara mai zuwa, inda a da b sune ma'auni, xn shine ƙimar shigarwa, yn shine ƙimar fitarwa, kuma yn-1 shine ƙimar fitarwa da ta gabata.

Lokacin da ake amfani da matatar IIR azaman matattara mai ƙarancin wucewa, ana iya ƙididdige ƙididdiga a da b ta amfani da dabara mai zuwa, inda sampMitar ling shine fs kuma mitar yanke shine fc.

Tace FIR
Fitar ta FIR (Finite Impulse Response filter) tsayayyen tacewa ne wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin daidaito saboda kurakuran lissafi. Dangane da ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga, ana iya amfani da shi azaman matattara mai ƙarancin wucewa ko matattarar bandeji, rage duka amo na lokaci-lokaci da hayaniyar bazuwar, don haka inganta SNR. Duk da haka, saboda samples daga wani lokaci da ya gabata ana adanawa kuma ana ƙididdige su, amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da nauyin lissafin zai ƙaru daidai gwargwadon tsayin famfo. Ana ƙididdige matattar FIR ta amfani da dabara mai zuwa, inda L da h0 zuwa hL-1 sune ƙima, xn shine ƙimar shigarwa, xn-I shine ƙimar shigar da ta gabata zuwa s.ample i, kuma yn shine ƙimar fitarwa.

Amfani Examples
Wannan sashe yana ba da tsohonamples na cire amo ta amfani da matattarar IIR da FIR. Tebur 5-2 yana nuna yanayin tacewa kuma Hoto na 5-2 yana nuna tsohonample of bazuwar amo cire.

Tebur 5-2 Tace Amfani Examples

Tsarin Tace	Sharadi 1	Sharadi 2	Jawabi
Oda guda ɗaya IIR	b=0.5	b=0.75
FIR	L=4 h0~ hL-1=0.25	L=8 h0~ hL-1=0.125	Yi amfani da matsakaicin motsi mai sauƙi

Bayanan Amfani Game da Zagayowar Aunawa
Halayen mitar masu tace software suna canzawa dangane da daidaiton zagayowar auna. Bugu da ƙari, ƙila ba za ku sami halayen tacewa da ake tsammani ba saboda sabawa ko bambancin zagayowar auna. Don mayar da hankali kan fifiko kan halayen tacewa, yi amfani da babban oscillator kan guntu (HOCO) ko oscillator crystal na waje azaman babban agogo. Muna kuma ba da shawarar sarrafa zagayowar aiwatar da ma'aunin taɓawa tare da mai ƙidayar kayan aiki.

Kamus

Lokaci	Ma'anarsa
CTSU	Na'urar Sensing Capacitive Touch. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin CTSU1 da CTSU2.
CTSU1	Ƙarni na biyu CTSU IP. An ƙara "1" don bambanta daga CTSU2.
CTSU2	CTSU IP na ƙarni na uku.
direban CTSU	CTSU software direban da aka haɗe a cikin fakitin Software na Renesas.
CTSU module	Naúrar software na direba na CTSU wanda za'a iya sakawa ta amfani da Smart Configurator.
TOUCH middleware	Middleware don sarrafa gano taɓawa lokacin amfani da CTSU haɗe cikin fakitin software na Renesas.
TOUCH module	Naúrar TOUCH middleware wanda za'a iya sakawa ta amfani da Smart Configurator.
r_csu module	Ana nuna direban CTSU a cikin Smart Configurator.
rm_touch module	Tsarin TOUCH wanda aka nuna a cikin Smart Configurator
CCO	Oscillator Control na yanzu. Ana amfani da oscillator mai sarrafawa a halin yanzu a cikin firikwensin taɓawa. Hakanan an rubuta shi azaman ICO a wasu takardu.
ICO	Daidai da CCO.
TSCAP	Capacitor don tabbatar da CTSU na ciki voltage.
Dampda resistor	Ana amfani da resistor don rage lalacewar fil ko tasiri saboda hayaniyar waje. Don cikakkun bayanai, koma zuwa Jagorar Zane na Capacitive Touch Electrode (R30AN0389).
VDC	Voltage Down Converter. Da'irar samar da wutar lantarki don ma'aunin firikwensin capacitive da aka gina a cikin CTSU.
Ma'aunin mitoci da yawa	Ayyukan da ke amfani da agogon naúrar firikwensin da yawa tare da mitoci daban-daban don auna taɓawa; yana nuna aikin auna yawan agogo.
Sensor bugun bugun jini	Sigina mai tafiyar da capacitor da aka canza.
Hayaniyar aiki tare	Amo a mitar da ta yi daidai da bugun bugun firikwensin firikwensin.
Da	Kayan aiki Karkashin Gwaji. Yana nuna na'urar da za a gwada.
LDO	Mai Rarraba Mai Ragewa
PSRR	Rarraba Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa
FSP	Kunshin software mai sassauƙa
GABATARWA	Fasahar Haɗin Kan Firmware.
SIS	Tsarin Haɗin Software

Tarihin Bita

Rev.	Kwanan wata	Bayani
		Shafi	Takaitawa
1.00	Mayu 31, 2023	–	Na farko bita
2.00	Dec 25, 2023	–	Saukewa: IEC61000-4-6
		6	Ƙara tasirin amo na gama gari zuwa 2.2
		7	Ƙara abubuwa zuwa Tebur 2-5
		9	Rubutun da aka bita a cikin 3.1, gyara hoto 3-1
			Rubutun da aka sabunta a cikin 3-2
		10	A cikin 3.3.1, rubutun da aka bita kuma an ƙara hoto 3-4. Bayanin da aka share na yadda ake canza saituna don ma'aunin ma'auni da yawa da ƙarin bayani na mitar tsoma baki mai-mita-girma Hoto 3-5e3-5.
		11	Ƙara takaddun tunani zuwa 3.2.2
		14	Ƙara bayanin kula game da haɗin TSCAP capacitor GND zuwa 4.1.2.2
		15	Ƙara bayanin kula game da ƙirar kusurwar wayoyi zuwa 4.2.2
		16	Ƙara 4.3 Gudanar da Ƙimar Hayaniyar
		18	Sashi na 5 da aka sabunta.

Gabaɗaya Rigakafi a cikin Gudanar da Ƙararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙa ) na Ƙaddamar da aka yi

Bayanan amfani masu zuwa sun shafi duk naúrar sarrafa microprocessing da samfuran naúrar Microcontroller daga Renesas. Don cikakkun bayanan bayanan amfani akan samfuran da wannan takaddar ke rufe, koma zuwa sassan da suka dace na takaddar da duk wani sabuntawar fasaha da aka fitar don samfuran.

1. Kariya daga Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
   Filin lantarki mai ƙarfi, lokacin da aka fallasa zuwa na'urar CMOS, na iya lalata oxide ɗin ƙofar kuma a ƙarshe ya lalata aikin na'urar. Dole ne a dauki matakai don dakatar da samar da wutar lantarki ta yadda zai yiwu, kuma a hanzarta watsar da shi idan ya faru. Dole ne kula da muhalli ya isa. Lokacin da ya bushe, yakamata a yi amfani da humidifier. Ana ba da shawarar wannan don guje wa amfani da insulators waɗanda za su iya haɓaka wutar lantarki cikin sauƙi. Dole ne a adana na'urorin Semiconductor da jigilar su a cikin wani akwati na anti-a tsaye, jakar kariya, ko kayan sarrafawa. Duk kayan aikin gwaji da aunawa gami da benci na aiki da benaye dole ne su zama ƙasa. Dole ne ma'aikaci ya kasance ƙasa ta hanyar amfani da madaurin wuyan hannu. Kada a taɓa na'urorin Semiconductor da hannaye marasa ƙarfi. Dole ne a ɗauki irin wannan matakan kiyayewa don bugu na allon kewayawa tare da na'urori masu ɗaukar nauyi.
2. Yin aiki a kan wuta
   Ba a bayyana yanayin samfurin a lokacin da aka samar da wutar lantarki ba. Jihohin da'irori na ciki a cikin LSI ba su da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai kuma jihohin saitunan rajista da fil ɗin ba a bayyana su ba a lokacin da aka ba da wutar lantarki. A cikin ƙãre samfurin inda aka sanya siginar sake saiti zuwa fil ɗin sake saiti na waje, jihohin fil ba su da garantin daga lokacin da aka ba da wutar lantarki har sai an kammala aikin sake saiti. Hakazalika, jihohin fil a cikin samfur wanda aka sake saiti ta hanyar aikin sake saiti na kan-chip ba su da garanti daga lokacin da aka ba da wuta har sai wutar ta kai matakin da aka ayyana sake saiti.
3. Shigar da sigina yayin yanayin kashe wutar lantarki
   Kar a shigar da sigina ko wutar lantarki ta I/O yayin da na'urar ke kashewa. Allurar na yanzu da ke haifar da shigar da irin wannan siginar ko isar da wutar lantarki ta I/O na iya haifar da rashin aiki kuma ƙarancin halin yanzu da ke wucewa cikin na'urar a wannan lokacin na iya haifar da lalata abubuwan ciki. Bi jagorar don shigarwar siginar yayin yanayin kashe wutar lantarki kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin takaddun samfurin ku.
4. Gudanar da fil ɗin da ba a yi amfani da su ba
   Yi amfani da fil ɗin da ba a yi amfani da su ta hanyar kwatancen da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin sarrafa fil ɗin da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin jagorar. Fil ɗin shigarwa na samfuran CMOS gabaɗaya suna cikin yanayin rashin ƙarfi. A cikin aiki tare da fil ɗin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a cikin buɗaɗɗen kewayawa, ana haifar da ƙarin ƙarar electromagnetic a cikin kusancin LSI, harbi mai alaƙa ta hanyar halin yanzu yana gudana a ciki, kuma rashin aiki yana faruwa saboda rashin fahimtar yanayin fil ɗin azaman siginar shigarwa. zama mai yiwuwa.
5. Alamun agogo
   Bayan sake saiti, saki layin sake saiti kawai bayan siginar agogon aiki ya tsaya tsayin daka. Lokacin kunna siginar agogo yayin aiwatar da shirin, jira har sai an daidaita siginar agogon manufa. Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri siginar agogo tare da resonator na waje ko daga oscillator na waje yayin sake saiti, tabbatar da cewa layin sake saitin ya fito ne kawai bayan cikakken daidaitawar siginar agogo. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin canzawa zuwa siginar agogo da aka samar tare da resonator na waje ko ta hanyar oscillator na waje yayin aiwatar da shirin, jira har sai siginar agogon manufa ta tabbata.
6. Voltage tsarin kalaman aikace-aikace a fil ɗin shigarwa
   Karɓar igiyar igiyar ruwa saboda ƙarar shigarwar ko igiyar ruwa mai haske na iya haifar da rashin aiki. Idan shigar da na'urar CMOS ya tsaya a cikin yanki tsakanin VIL (Max.) da VIH (Min.) saboda hayaniya, misali.ampto, na'urar na iya yin kuskure. Kula don hana hayaniyar magana shiga cikin na'urar lokacin da matakin shigarwa ya daidaita, da kuma lokacin canzawa lokacin da matakin shigarwa ya wuce ta wurin tsakanin VIL (Max.) da VIH (Min.).
7. Hana shiga adiresoshin da aka tanada
   An hana samun damar zuwa adiresoshin da aka tanada. Ana ba da adiresoshin da aka keɓance don yuwuwar faɗaɗa ayyuka na gaba. Kar a isa ga waɗannan adiresoshin saboda ba a tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na LSI ba.
8. Bambance-bambance tsakanin samfura
   Kafin canza daga wannan samfur zuwa wani, misaliample, zuwa samfur mai lambar sashe daban, tabbatar da cewa canjin ba zai haifar da matsaloli ba. Halayen naúrar sarrafa micro ko microcontroller naúrar samfuran a cikin rukuni ɗaya amma samun lambar sashe daban na iya bambanta dangane da ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na ciki, tsarin shimfidawa, da sauran abubuwan, waɗanda zasu iya shafar kewayon halayen lantarki, kamar ƙima mai ƙima. , ɓangarorin aiki, rigakafi ga amo, da adadin amo mai haske. Lokacin canzawa zuwa samfur mai lambar sashe daban, aiwatar da gwajin-tsari don samfurin da aka bayar.

Sanarwa

1. Bayanin da'irori, software, da sauran bayanan da ke da alaƙa a cikin wannan takaddar ana bayar da su kawai don kwatanta aikin samfuran semiconductor da aikace-aikacen ex.amples. Kuna da cikakken alhakin haɗawa ko kowane amfani na da'irori, software, da bayanai a cikin ƙira na samfur ko tsarin ku. Renesas Electronics yana watsi da duk wani alhaki na kowane asara da diyya da ku ko wasu na uku suka taso daga amfani da waɗannan da'irori, software, ko bayanai.
2. Renesas Electronics a nan yana ƙin yarda da duk wani garanti da alhakin cin zarafi ko duk wani da'awar da ta shafi haƙƙin mallaka, haƙƙin mallaka, ko wasu haƙƙin mallakar fasaha na ɓangare na uku, ta ko taso daga amfani da samfuran Renesas Electronics ko bayanan fasaha da aka bayyana a cikin wannan takaddar, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga, bayanan samfurin, zane-zane, zane-zane, shirye-shirye, algorithms, da aikace-aikace examples.
3. Babu lasisi, bayyananne, fayyace, ko akasin haka, da aka bayar anan ƙarƙashin kowane haƙƙin mallaka, haƙƙin mallaka, ko wasu haƙƙoƙin mallakar fasaha na Renesas Electronics ko wasu.
4. Za ku ɗauki alhakin tantance irin lasisin da ake buƙata daga kowane ɓangare na uku, da samun irin waɗannan lasisin don shigo da halal, fitarwa, ƙira, siyarwa, amfani, rarrabawa, ko zubar da kowane samfuran da ke haɗa samfuran Renesas Electronics, idan an buƙata.
5. Ba za ku canza, gyara, kwafi, ko juyar da injiniyan kowane samfur na Lantarki na Renesas ba, ko gabaɗaya ko a sashi. Renesas Electronics yana watsi da duk wani alhaki na kowane asara ko lahani da kuka yi ko wasu ɓangarori na uku da suka taso daga irin wannan canji, gyare-gyare, kwafi, ko juyawa injiniyanci.
6. Ana rarraba samfuran Lantarki na Renesas bisa ga makin masu inganci guda biyu masu zuwa: “Standard” da “High Quality”. Aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya don kowane samfurin Renesas Electronics ya dogara da ingancin ingancin samfurin, kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
   "Standard": Kwamfuta; kayan aikin ofis; kayan aikin sadarwa; kayan gwaji da aunawa; kayan sauti da na gani; na'urorin lantarki na gida; kayan aikin injin; kayan aikin lantarki na sirri; robots masana'antu; da dai sauransu.
   "High Quality": Kayan aikin sufuri (motoci, jiragen kasa, jiragen ruwa, da dai sauransu); kula da zirga-zirga (fitilar zirga-zirga); manyan kayan aikin sadarwa; mahimman tsarin kashe kuɗi; kayan sarrafa aminci; da dai sauransu.
   Sai dai idan an ayyana shi azaman samfur mai dogaro mai ƙarfi ko samfur don yanayi mai tsauri a cikin takardar bayanan Lantarki na Renesas ko wasu takaddun Lantarki na Renesas, samfuran Renesas Electronics ba a yi niyya ko ba su izini don amfani da su a cikin samfura ko tsarin da zai iya haifar da barazana kai tsaye ga rayuwar ɗan adam ko rauni na jiki (na'urori ko tsarin tallafi na wucin gadi na wucin gadi; tiyatar tiyata, da dai sauransu) ko kuma na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewar dukiya (tsarin sararin samaniya, masu maimaita ruwa a cikin teku; tsarin sarrafa makamashin nukiliya, tsarin sarrafa jirgin sama; tsarin shuka key; kayan aikin soja, da sauransu). Renesas Electronics yana watsi da duk wani alhaki na duk wani lahani ko asarar da kuka jawo ko kowane ɓangare na uku da ya taso daga amfani da kowane samfurin Renesas Electronics wanda bai dace da kowane takardar bayanan Lantarki na Renesas ba, littafin jagorar mai amfani, ko wasu takaddun Lantarki na Renesas.
7. Babu samfurin semiconductor mai tsaro. Ko da duk wani matakan tsaro ko fasalulluka waɗanda za a iya aiwatarwa a cikin kayan aikin Renesas Electronics ko samfuran software, Renesas Electronics ba zai da wani alhaki da ya taso daga kowane lahani ko keta tsaro, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga kowane samun izini mara izini ko amfani da samfurin Renesas Electronics ko tsarin da ke amfani da samfurin Renesas Electronics. RENESAS ELECTRONICS BASA WARRANCI KO GARANTAR CEWA SABODA SAMUN ELECTRONICS KO WANI tsarin da aka ƙera TA AMFANI DA KAYAN ELECTRONICS ZA SU YI MAGANGANCI KO KYAUTA DAGA CIN HANCI, HANA, CUTAR DASHI SAURAN SHIGA TSARO ("Al'amurra masu rauni") . RENEESAS ELECTRONICS YA YI RA'AYIN WANI DA DUK WATA ALHAKI KO ALHAKIN DA YA TASO DAGA KO MAI DANGANTA GA KOWANE AL'AMURAN LAFIYA. HAKA, ZUWA INDA DOKA TA KWANA, RENESAS ELECTRONICS TA KARE DUK WANI GARANTI, BAYANAI KO BAYANI, GAME DA WANNAN TAKARDUN DA DUK WATA MAI GASKIYAR KWANTA, KO HARGANTAWA SAUKI, KO KYAUTATA GA MUSAMMAN MANUFAR.
8. Lokacin amfani da samfuran Lantarki na Renesas, koma zuwa sabbin bayanan samfur (taswirar bayanai, littattafan mai amfani, bayanan aikace-aikace, “Gaba ɗaya Bayanan kula don Kulawa da Amfani da Na'urorin Semiconductor” a cikin ingantaccen littafin jagora, da sauransu), kuma tabbatar da cewa yanayin amfani yana cikin jeri. Ƙayyadaddun ta Reneas Electronics game da matsakaicin kima, aiki da wutar lantarki voltage kewayon, halayen ɓarkewar zafi, shigarwa, da sauransu. Renesas Electronics yana ƙin duk wani alhaki na kowane rashin aiki, gazawa, ko haɗari da ya taso daga amfani da samfuran Renesas Electronics a waje da irin wannan keɓaɓɓen jeri.
9. Kodayake Renesas Electronics yana ƙoƙarin inganta inganci da amincin samfuran Renesas Electronics, samfuran semiconductor suna da takamaiman halaye, kamar faruwar gazawa a wani ƙima da rashin aiki a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin amfani. Sai dai idan an ƙirƙira shi azaman samfur mai dogaro mai ƙarfi ko samfur don mahalli masu tsauri a cikin takardar bayanan Lantarki na Renesas ko wasu takaddun Lantarki na Renesas, samfuran Renesas Electronics ba su ƙarƙashin ƙirar juriyar radiation. Kuna da alhakin aiwatar da matakan tsaro don kiyaye yiwuwar rauni na jiki, rauni ko lalacewa ta hanyar wuta, da/ko haɗari ga jama'a a cikin abin da ya faru na gazawa ko rashin aiki na samfuran Renesas Electronics, kamar ƙirar aminci don kayan aiki da kayan aiki. software, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga sakewa ba, sarrafa wuta, da rigakafin rashin aiki, magani mai dacewa don lalata tsufa ko duk wasu matakan da suka dace. Saboda kimanta software na microcomputer kadai yana da matukar wahala kuma ba zai yi tasiri ba, kuna da alhakin kimanta amincin samfuran ƙarshe ko tsarin da ku ke ƙera.
10. Da fatan za a tuntuɓi ofishin tallace-tallace na Renesas Electronics don cikakkun bayanai game da al'amuran muhalli kamar dacewa da muhalli na kowane samfurin Renesas Electronics. Kai ne ke da alhakin bincika a hankali da isasshiyar bincikar dokoki da ƙa'idodi waɗanda ke daidaita haɗawa ko amfani da abubuwan sarrafawa, gami da ba tare da iyakancewa ba, EU RoHS Directive, da amfani da samfuran Lantarki na Renesas a cikin bin duk waɗannan dokoki da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa. Renesas Electronics yayi watsi da duk wani alhaki na lalacewa ko asara da ke faruwa sakamakon rashin bin ka'idoji da dokoki.
11. Ba za a yi amfani da samfuran da fasaha na Renesas Electronics don ko haɗa su cikin kowane samfur ko tsarin da kerawa, amfani, ko siyarwa ba a ƙarƙashin kowace doka ko ƙa'idodi na gida ko na waje. Za ku bi duk wasu dokoki da ƙa'idodin sarrafa fitarwar fitarwa da gwamnatocin kowace ƙasa ke ba da ikon mallakar ɓangarori ko ma'amaloli.
12. Yana da alhakin mai siye ko mai rarraba samfuran Lantarki na Renesas, ko duk wata ƙungiya da ke rarrabawa, zubar, ko in ba haka ba sayarwa ko canja wurin samfurin zuwa wani ɓangare na uku, don sanar da irin wannan ɓangare na uku a gaba na abubuwan ciki da sharuɗɗan da aka zayyana a ciki. wannan takarda.
13. Ba za a sake buga wannan takarda, sake bugawa, ko kwafi ta kowace hanya ba, gabaɗaya ko a sashi, ba tare da rubutaccen izinin Renesa Electronics ba.
14. Da fatan za a tuntuɓi ofishin tallace-tallace na Reneas Electronics idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da bayanin da ke cikin wannan takarda ko samfuran Reneas Electronics.

• (Lura 1) "Renesas Electronics" kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan takarda yana nufin Renesas Electronics Corporation kuma ya haɗa da rassan sa kai tsaye ko a kaikaice.
• (Lura 2) “samfurin (s) na Renesas Electronics” na nufin duk wani samfur da aka ƙera ko ƙera ta ko don Renesas Electronics.

Hedikwatar Kamfanin
TOYOSU FORESIA, 3-2-24 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0061, Japan www.renesas.com

Alamomin kasuwanci
Renesas da tambarin Renesas alamun kasuwanci ne na Renesas Electronics Corporation. Duk alamun kasuwanci da alamun kasuwanci masu rijista mallakin masu su ne.

Bayanin hulda
Don ƙarin bayani kan samfur, fasaha, mafi sabuntar sigar takarda, ko ofishin tallace-tallace mafi kusa, da fatan za a ziyarci www.renesas.com/contact/.

• Renesas Electronics Corporation 2023. An kiyaye duk haƙƙoƙi.

Takardu / Albarkatu

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