Akwụkwọ ntuziaka onye nwe ngwaọrụ nke Cisco nkwalite ubi-Programmable

Enwere ike iji nlezianya mee nhọrọ ike iji nwetaghachi na a
nkwalite dara ada.
Mgbe emelitechara, ọ bụrụ na akpọgharịrị onyonyo a azụ, ụdị FPD
adịghị eweda ya ala.

Ajụjụ A na-ajụkarị (FAQ)

Ajụjụ: Gịnị bụ ngwungwu oyiyi FPD maka?

A: A na-eji ngwugwu onyonyo FPD kwalite onyonyo FPD.

Ajụjụ: Kedu otu m ga-esi lelee ọkwa nkwalite FPD?

A: Jiri iwu a: show hw-module fpd ịlele
nkwalite ọkwa.

View Fullscreen

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite
FPD bụ ngwaọrụ mgbagha nwere ike ime n'ọhịa nke nwere ebe nchekwa na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, nke enwere ike imeghari iji kọwapụta wiwi ime ya na ọrụ ya. A na-akpọ ọdịnaya nke ebe nchekwa a na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, onyonyo FPD ma ọ bụ firmware FPD. N'ime ndụ FPD, onyonyo femụwe FPD nwere ike ịchọ nkwalite maka ndozi ahụhụ ma ọ bụ nkwalite ọrụ. A na-eme nkwalite ndị a n'ọhịa nwere mmetụta sistemụ kacha nta.
· gafereview nke FPD Image Upgrade , na ibe 1 · Mmachibido maka nkwalite FPD , na ibe 1 · Ụdị ọrụ nkwalite FPD, na ibe 2 · Otu esi emelite onyonyo FPD, na ibe 4 · Nbugharị Kaadị ahịrị akpaaka na nkwalite FPD, na ibe 10 · Nkwalite modul ike, na ibe 10 · ịkwalite ibe FPD maka PSU
gafereview nke nkwalite onyonyo FPD
A na-eji onyonyo FPD kwalite ngwanrọ na FPD. Mgbe ọ bụla ewepụtara ụdị IOS XR ọhụrụ, ngwugwu ngwanrọ gụnyere onyonyo FPD. Agbanyeghị, n'ozuzu, a naghị ebulite onyonyo FPD ozugbo. Ị ga-eji aka kwalite onyonyo FPD mgbe ị kwalite onyonyo ngwanrọ Cisco IOS XR. Ụdị FPD ga-adabarịrị na ngwanrọ Cisco IOS XR nke na-agba ọsọ na rawụta; Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ndakọrịta dị n'etiti ụdị FPD na ngwanrọ Cisco IOS XR, ngwaọrụ nwere FPGA nwere ike ọ gaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma ruo mgbe edoziri enweghị ndakọrịta.
Mmachibido maka nkwalite FPD
Ọrụ nkwalite Optics FPD adịghị na iji nkwalite fpd hw-modul iwu. Ị nwere ike kwalite Optics FPD site na iji ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nkwalite fileaha /harddisk:/cl1.bin iwu ebe. Maka ozi ọzọ na optics FPD nweta nkwalite, lee Nweta nkwalite QDD Optical Modules na nkwalite nke Router Chapter na Cisco IOS XR Setup and Upgrade Guide for Cisco 8000 Series Routers.
Mmachibido maka nkwalite FPD akpaaka Ndị FPD ndị a anaghị akwado nkwalite FPD akpaaka:
Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 1

Ụdị ọrụ nkwalite FPD

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

· Optics FPDs · Modul ike FPDs · Oge FPDs

Ụdị ọrụ nkwalite FPD

A na-eji ngwungwu onyonyo FPD kwalite onyonyo FPD. A na-eji iwu arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ iji tinye ọnụọgụ abụọ FPD files n'ime echere na ọnọdụ na buut ngwaọrụ.
Ụzọ nkwalite akwadoro

Usoro

Okwu

Nkwalite akpaaka nke aka

Nweta nkwalite site na iji CLI, nkwado ike kwalite.
Nweta nkwalite site na iji wụnye SMU ịgbalite ma ọ bụ n'oge nkwalite onyonyo. Onye ọrụ nwere ike mee/gbanyụọ atụmatụ nkwalite akpaaka.

Nkwalite FPD nke aka
A na-eme nkwalite FPD akwụkwọ ntuziaka site na iji nkwalite fpd hw-module. Enwere ike ịkwalite kaadị niile ma ọ bụ FPGA niile dị na kaadị. Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ibugharị iji mee ka FPD rụọ ọrụ, nkwalite ahụ kwesịrị izu oke. Enweghị ike ibugharị kaadị ahịrị, kaadị akwa na kaadị RP modul Interface (IMs) na RSP n'oge usoro nkwalite FPD.
Nkwalite FPD dabere na azụmahịa:
Ọ bụla fpd kwalite mmezu CLI bụ otu azụmahịa.
Naanị otu azụmahịa ka a na-anabata n'oge ọ bụla.
Otu azụmahịa nwere ike ịgụnye nkwalite ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ FPD.
Ozugbo nkwalite ahụ gwụchara, a ga-ebughachirịrị router/kaadị (nke a na-ebuli FPD na ya).
Enwere ike iji nhọrọ ike ahụ kwalite FPD n'ike (n'agbanyeghị ma achọrọ ya ma ọ bụ na ọ chọghị). Ọ na-akpalite FPD niile ka ebuli ma ọ bụ wetuo ya. Enwere ike iji nhọrọ ike iwetulata ma ọ bụ kwalite FPGA ọbụlagodi na nlele ụdị. Otú ọ dị, a ghaghị iji nhọrọ ike mee ihe nke ọma na naanị iji nwetaghachi akụkụ sitere na nkwalite dara ada.

Rịba ama

Mgbe ụfọdụ, FPD nwere ike ịnwe onyonyo isi na ndabere.

A naghị atụ aro iji nhọrọ ike mgbe ị na-eme nkwalite FPD belụsọ n'okpuru ntụzịaka doro anya sitere na Cisco engineering ma ọ bụ TAC maka ebumnuche otu oge.

Ekwesịrị iwepụta nkwalite FPD ọhụrụ naanị mgbe emechara nkwalite FPD gara aga n'otu FPD yana ozi syslog na-esonụ:
RP/0/RP0/CPU0: Mee 10 10:11:44.414 UTC: fpd-serv[205]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : Mmelite FPD (jiri "gosi hw-module fpd" iji lelee ọkwa nkwalite)

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 2

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Nkwalite FPD akpaaka

Nkwalite FPD akpaaka
Enyere nkwalite akpaaka FPD site na ndabara. Iji hụ na emelitere onyonyo FPD na-akpaghị aka, ịkwesighi gbanyụọ njirimara a. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ gbanyụọ nkwalite akpaka nke ihe oyiyi FPD na-agba ọsọ na Ngalaba Replaceable Unit (FRU), ị nwere ike iji aka tinye nhazi fpd auto-upgrade gbanyụọ na ọnọdụ nhazi nchịkwa. Site na nkwalite FPD akpaaka, a na-emelite onyonyo FPD na-akpaghị aka n'ọnọdụ ndị a:
A na-eme nkwalite ngwanrọ. A na-agbakwunye akụkụ nke nwere ike dochie ubi (FRU) dị ka kaadị ahịrị, RSPs, trays fan ma ọ bụ kaadị mkpu na nke dị adị.
rawụta ma ọ bụ bugharịa ya.
Maka nkwalite FPD akpaka ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na nkwalite sistemụ, ọnọdụ ndị a ga-emezurịrị: · A ga-etinyerịrị envelopu nwụnye FPD (PIE) na rawụta. A ga-emerịrị FPD PIE yana onyonyo Cisco IOS XR ọhụrụ.
Maka nkwalite FPD akpaka ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na ntinye FRU ma ọ bụ bugharia, a ga-emerịrị ọnọdụ ndị a: · A ga-etinyerịrị envelopu nwụnye FPD (PIE) ma rụọ ọrụ na rawụta.
Rịba ama Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eme nkwalite FPD n'oge arụ ọrụ nrụnye, ọ nweghị nrụnye arụrụ. Ya mere, ozugbo emelitere FPD, ọ bụrụ na atụgharịghachi onyonyo a na ụdị mbụ, ụdị FPD adịghị eweda ya na ụdị nke gara aga.
A naghị eme nkwalite FPD akpaaka n'ụdị ndị a: · A na-agbakwunye kaadị ahịrị ma ọ bụ kaadị ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ kaadị mkpu na rawụta dị adị. · A na-agbakwunye chassis kaadị ahịrị na rawụta dị adị. A na-eme nkwalite mmezi ngwanrọ anaghị ebugharị (SMU) ma ọ bụ nrụnye PIE, ọbụlagodi ebe ụdị onyonyo FPD gbanwere. Ebe ọ bụ na nrụnye anaghị ebugharị bụ, site na nkọwa ya, e kwesịghị ibugharị rawụta, yana nkwalite FPD chọrọ nbugharị rawụta, a na-akpaghasị nkwalite FPD akpaka.
Rịba ama N'ọnọdụ niile ebe emeghị nkwalite FPD akpaka, ị ga-emerịrị nkwalite FPD akwụkwọ ntuziaka site na iji iwu hw-module fpd kwalite.
Enwere ike ịgbalite ma gbanyụọ FPD. Mgbe agbanyere FPD akpaaka, ọ na-emelite FPD na-akpaghị aka mgbe SMU ma ọ bụ onyonyo gbanwere, gụnyere ngbanwe firmware emelitere. Jiri fpd iwu nkwalite akpaaka iji gbanyụọ ma ọ bụ mee ka akpaaka-fpd.
Ụdị data YANG maka akpaaka FPD nwelite YANG bụ asụsụ nhazi data nke na-enyere aka ịmepụta nhazi, weghachite data arụ ọrụ na ime ihe. Onye rawụta na-arụ ọrụ na nkọwa data mgbe a na-arịọ ọrụ ndị a site na iji NETCONF RPC. Ụdị data ahụ na-ejikwa ụdị ihe ndị a chọrọ na ndị na-anya ụgbọ ala maka FPD:

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 3

Otu esi ebuli onyonyo FPD

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Data arụmọrụ

Ihe Nlereanya Data Ala

Iwu CLI

Nkwalite akpaaka: Na-enyere ma ọ bụ

Cisco-IOS-XR-fpd-infra-cfg.yang

gbanyụọ nke nkwalite akpaka nke

FPD.

· fpd akpaaka kwalite · fpd akpaaka kwalite gbanyụọ

Nbugharị akpaaka: Na-enyere ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ nke mbugharị FPD akpaaka.

Cisco-IOS-XR-fpd-infra-cfg.yang

· fpd auto-reload nyeere · fpd auto-bulite gbanyụọ

Ị nwere ike ịnweta ụdị data site na ebe nchekwa Github. Iji mụtakwuo maka ụdị data ma tinye ha ka ha jiri, hụ Ntuziaka nhazi Programmability maka Cisco 8000 Series Routers.

Otu esi ebuli onyonyo FPD
Isi ọrụ nke ọrụ nkwalite FPD bụ: · Lelee ụdị onyonyo FPD iji kpebie ma otu onyonyo femụwe chọrọ nkwalite ma ọ bụ na ọ chọghị. Ị nwere ike ikpebi ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ nkwalite ihe oyiyi FPD site na iji iwu hw-module fpd ma mee nkwalite ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a: · Bugharịa ngwanro ahụ gaa na mwepụta ngwanrọ Cisco IOS XR.
· Gbanwee kaadị ahịrị site na sistemụ na-arụ ọrụ mwepụta ngwanrọ Cisco IOS XR dị iche.
Fanye kaadị ahịrị ọhụrụ.
Nwelite onyonyo FPD akpaaka (ma ọ bụrụ na enyere ya aka) Ma ọ bụ nkwalite onyonyo FPD nke aka site na iji iwu hw-module fpd kwalite.
· Kpọọ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala kwesịrị ekwesị nke nwere aha onyonyo ọhụrụ ka ọ buru ibu.
Ntuziaka maka ịkwalite FPD
Ndị a bụ ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ nduzi dị mkpa a ga-atụle maka ịkwalite FPD: · nkwalite na ngwanrọ Cisco IOS XR nwere ike ịkpata enweghị ndakọrịta FPD. Gbaa mbọ hụ na ị na-arụ usoro nkwalite FPD wee dozie ndakọrịta niile, ka kaadị ahụ wee rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.
A naghị atụ aro iji nhọrọ ike mgbe ị na-eme nkwalite FPD belụsọ n'okpuru ntụzịaka doro anya sitere na Cisco engineering ma ọ bụ TAC maka ebumnuche otu oge.
Ọ bụrụ na kaadị gị na-akwado ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi FPD, ị nwere ike iji ihe ngosi fpd ngwugwu iwu iji chọpụta ihe oyiyi a kapịrị ọnụ iji kwalite na iwu hw-module fpd.
· A na-egosipụta ozi mgbe modul rawụta enweghị ike ịkwalite n'oge nkwalite yana nhọrọ niile na-egosi na FPGA kpachaara anya mafe n'oge nkwalite. Iji kwalite ụdị FPGA, ị nwere ike iji iwu CLI nwere otu ebe akọwapụtara nke ọma. Maka example, kwalite hw-modul fpd ebe niile 0/3/1.
A na-atụ aro ka ịkwalite FPGA niile na ọnụ ọnụ enyere site na iji nkwalite hw-module fpd ebe niile {niile | node-id} iwu. Ewelitela FPGA n'ọnụ ọnụ site na iji nkwalite hw-module fpd onye ọ bụla-fpd {niile | node-id} n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịkpata mperi n'ịkwalite kaadị ahụ.

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 4

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Otu esi ebuli onyonyo FPD

Tupu ịmalite
Tupu ịmee akwụkwọ ntuziaka ịkwalite FPD na rawụta gị site na iji hw-module FPD kwalite, ị ga-etinyerịrị ma rụọ ọrụ fpd.pie na fpd.rpm ngwugwu.
A na-eme usoro nkwalite FPD mgbe kaadị dị n'ịntanetị. Na njedebe nke usoro a ga-ebugharị kaadị ahụ tupu nkwalite FPD emechaa. Iji bugharịa kaadị ahụ, ị nwere ike iji iwu ibugharị ọnọdụ ọnọdụ hw-modul na ọnọdụ Config, n'oge windo mmezi na-esote. Usoro nkwalite ahụ ezughị oke ruo mgbe ebugharịrị kaadị ahụ.
N'oge nkwalite FPD, ịgaghị eme ihe ndị a:
Bugharịa, mee ntinye na iwepụ (OIR) nke kaadị ahịrị n'ịntanetị (LC), ma ọ bụ gbadaa chassis. Ime otú ahụ nwere ike ime ka ọnụ ọnụ banye n'ọnọdụ enweghị ike iji ya.
Pịa Ctrl-C ma ọ bụrụ na njikwa ahụ pụtara ka ọ kwụgidere na-enweghị mmepụta ọ bụla. Ime nke a nwere ike ime ka nkwalite ahụ kwụsị.
· Ọ bụrụ na ịmaghị ma kaadị chọrọ nkwalite FPD, ịnwere ike ịwụnye kaadị ahụ wee jiri iwu hw-module fpd iji chọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na onyonyo FPD dị na kaadị ahụ dabara na ntọhapụ ngwanrọ Cisco IOS XR na-agba ugbu a.

Usoro

Nzọụkwụ 1 Nzọụkwụ 2

gosi hw-modul fpd ọnọdụ {niile | node-id} ExampLe:

Router#show hw-module fpd ebe niile
or

Router#show hw-module fpd ọnọdụ 0/4/cpu0
Na-egosiputa ụdị onyonyo FPD dị ugbu a maka kaadị akọwapụtara ma ọ bụ kaadị niile arụnyere na rawụta. Jiri iwu a chọpụta ma ị ga-ebulite onyonyo FPD na kaadị gị.
Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ndakọrịta FPD na kaadị gị, ị nwere ike ịnweta ozi njehie a:
LC/0/0/CPU0: Jul 5 03:00:18.929 UTC: optics_driver[220]: %L2-OPTICS-3-BAD_FPGA_IMAGE : Achọpụtara ihe oyiyi MI FPGA ọjọọ nke emebere na MI FPGA SPI flash na 0/0/CPU0 meta nke data CPU0 adabaghị.

LC/0/0/CPU0: Jul 5 03:00:19.019 UTC: optics_driver[220]: %L2-OPTICS-3-BACKUP_FPGA_LOADED : Achọpụtara ndabere FPGA oyiyi na-agba ọsọ na 0/0/CPU0 - emebiela isi ihe oyiyi (@05x4) 03:00:48.987 UTC: fpd-serv[301]:%PKT_INFRA-FM-3-FAULT_MAJOR

(Nhọrọ) gosi ngwungwu fpd

Example: Ndị na-esonụ example egosi kaamplepụta site na iwu ngwugwu fpd show:

Router#show fpd ngwugwu

=================================================

Ngwungwu ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi

=========================================

Req

Min Req Min Req

Ụdị kaadị

Nkọwa FPD

Bugharịa Ver

SW Ver Board Ver

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 5

Otu esi ebuli onyonyo FPD

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Nzọụkwụ 3

=============================================================

————————————————————————————

8201

Bios

1.23

0.0

BiosGolden

1.23

1.15

0.0

IoFpga

1.11

0.1

IoFpgaGolden

1.11

0.48

0.1

SsdIntelS3520

1.21

0.0

SsdIntelS4510

EE 11.32

11.32

0.0

SSdMicron5100

7.01

0.0

SSdMicron5300

0.01

0.0

x86fpga

1.05

0.0

x86FpgaGold

1.05

0.48

0.0

x86TamFw

5.13

0.0

x86TamFwGolden

5.13

5.05

0.0

————————————————————————————

8201-ON

Bios

1.208

0.0

BiosGolden

1.208

1.207

0.0

IoFpga

1.11

0.1

IoFpgaGolden

1.11

0.48

0.1

SsdIntelS3520

1.21

0.0

SsdIntelS4510

EE 11.32

11.32

0.0

SSdMicron5100

7.01

0.0

SSdMicron5300

0.01

0.0

x86fpga

1.05

0.0

x86FpgaGold

1.05

0.48

0.0

x86TamFw

5.13

0.0

x86TamFwGolden

5.13

5.05

0.0

————————————————————————————

8201-SYS

Bios

1.23

0.0

BiosGolden

1.23

1.15

0.0

Na-egosiputa kaadị akwadoro na ntọhapụ sọftụwia Cisco IOS XR gị ugbu a, nke onyonyo FPD nke ịchọrọ maka kaadị ọ bụla, yana ihe ngwaike kacha nta chọrọ maka modul dị iche iche. (Opekempe ngwaike chọrọ ụdị 0.0 na-egosi na ngwaike niile nwere ike ịkwado ụdị onyonyo FPD a.)
Ọ bụrụ na enwere ọtụtụ onyonyo FPD maka kaadị gị, jiri iwu a chọpụta onyonyo FPD ị ga-eji ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịkwalite naanị otu ụdị FPD.
Aha FPD ejiri na kọlụm nkọwa FPD nke mmepụta nke iwu ngwugwu fpd na-agụnye mkpụrụedemede iri ikpeazụ nke DCO-PID. Dabere na oghere na nọmba ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, aha FPD ka etinyere na DCO_0, DCO_1, ma ọ bụ DCO_2. Maka example, aha FPD maka CFP2-WDM-D-1HL na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 0 na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 1 bụ -WDM-D-1HL_DCO_0 na WDM-D-1HL_DCO_1 n'otu n'otu.
kwalite hw-modul fpd {niile | fpga-ụdị} [ike] ebe [niile | node-id] ExampLe:

Router# kwalite hw-modul fpd niile 0/3/1 . . . Emelitere 1 FPD nke ọma maka SPA-2XOC48POS/RPR
na ebe 0/3/1
Router#upgrade hw-module ebe 0/RP0/CPU0 fpd nyere iwu nkwalite niile (jiri "show hw-module fpd" iji lelee ọkwa nkwalite) Router: %SECURITY-SSHD_SYSLOG_PRX-6-INFO_GENERAL : sshd[29745]: A nabatara ya site na ciscou. 223.255.254.249 ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 39510 ssh2 kwalite hw-modul ọnọdụ 0/RP0/CPU0 fpd niile Router: ssh_syslog_proxy[1223]: %SECURITY-SSHD_SYSLOG_PRX-6-INFO_29803scept: Accepted nkwenye maka cisco si 223.255.254.249 ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 39524 ssh2

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 6

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Otu esi ebuli onyonyo FPD

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : Ebulila maka FPD ndị a

kwadoro:

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : Ebe

FPD aha

Ike

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT :

===========================================

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : 0/RP0/CPU0

x86FpgaGold

Ụgha

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : 0/RP0/CPU0

x86fpga

Ụgha

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : 0/RP0/CPU0

SSdMicron5300

Ụgha

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : 0/RP0/CPU0

IoFpgaGolden

Ụgha

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : 0/RP0/CPU0

IoFpga

Ụgha

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : 0/RP0/CPU0

DbIoFpgaGolden

Ụgha

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : 0/RP0/CPU0

DbIoFpga

Ụgha

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : 0/RP0/CPU0

BiosGolden

Ụgha

Router:fpd-serv[265]: %INFRA-FPD_Manager-1-UPGRADE_ALERT : 0/RP0/CPU0

Bios

Ụgha

Router:fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-FPD_CLIENT-1-UPGRADE_SKIPED : nkwalite FPD mafere maka

x86FpgaGolden@0/RP0/CPU0: Enweghị ike ịkwalite onyonyo

Router:fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-FPD_CLIENT-1-UPGRADE_SKIPED : nkwalite FPD mafere maka

x86TamFwGolden@0/RP0/CPU0: Enweghị ike ịkwalite onyonyo

Router:fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-FPD_CLIENT-1-UPGRADE_SKIPED : nkwalite FPD mafere maka

x86FpgaGolden@0/RP0/CPU0: Awụliri nkwalite FPD dabere

Router:fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-FPD_CLIENT-1-UPGRADE_SKIPED : nkwalite FPD mafere maka

IoFpgaGolden@0/RP0/CPU0: Achọghị nkwalite

Router:fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-FPD_CLIENT-1-UPGRADE_SKIPED : nkwalite FPD mafere maka

DbIoFpgaGolden@0/RP0/CPU0: Achọghị nkwalite

Router:fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-FPD_CLIENT-1-UPGRADE_SKIPED : nkwalite FPD mafere maka

BiosGolden@0/RP0/CPU0: Enweghị ike ịkwalite onyonyo

Router:fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-FPD_CLIENT-1-UPGRADE_SKIPED : nkwalite FPD mafere maka

SsdMicron5300@0/RP0/CPU0: Achọghị nkwalite dịka ọ dị ugbu a

Router#fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-FPD_CLIENT-1-UPGRADE_COMPLETE : FPD zuru ezu maka Bios@0/RP0/CPU0 [onyinyo kwalitere na ụdị 254.00] Router: fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-UPGRADE_FPD_PLATFORM-FPD_FPD nweta nkwalite zuru oke maka x86TamFw @ 0/RP0/CPU0 [onyinyo kwalitere na ụdị 7.10] Router:fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-FPD_CLIENT-1-UPGRADE_COMPLETE : Mmelite FPD zuru oke maka DbIoFpga@0/RP0/CPU0 na ụdị nkwalite. Router:fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORM-FPD_CLIENT-1-UPGRADE_COMPLETE : FPD zuru ezu maka IoFpga@0/RP0/CPU0 [onyinyo kwalitere na ụdị 14.00] Router: fpd_client[385]: %PLATFORMTE-FP Nkwalite FPD zuru oke maka x86Fpga@0/RP0/CPU0 [onyinyo kwalitere na ụdị 254.00] Router: shelfmgr[459]:%PLATFORM-SHELFMGR-6-INFO_LOG : 0/RP0/CPU0 na-arụ ọrụ Router:fpd-serv[265] - %IN-UPD_RAG_RAG : Mmelite FPD emechaala (jiri “show hw-module
fpd" iji lelee ọkwa nkwalite)

Na-akwalite onyonyo FPD niile dị ugbu a nke a ga-ebuli na kaadị akọwapụtara yana onyonyo ọhụrụ.
Tupu ịga n'ihu na nzọụkwụ ọzọ, chere maka nkwenye na nkwalite FPD emechaala nke ọma. A na-egosipụta ozi ọnọdụ, nke yiri nke a, na ihuenyo ruo mgbe emechara nkwalite FPD:

Nkwalite FPD malitere. Nkwalite FPD na-aga n'ihu. Nkwalite FPD na-aga n'ihu.. Nkwalite FPD ezigara na ebe xxxx FPD nwelite ezigara na ebe yyy

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 7

Otu esi ebuli onyonyo FPD

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Nkwalite FPD na-aga n'ihu.. Nkwalite FPD agwụla maka ọnọdụ xxx FPD na-aga n'ihu. Nkwalite FPD agwụla maka ọnọdụ yyy FPD nwelite agwụla.
"Nkwalite FPD na-aga n'ihu." a na-ebipụta ozi nkeji ọ bụla. Ndekọ ndị a bụ ndekọ ozi, ma dị ka ndị dị otú a, a na-egosipụta ma ọ bụrụ na ahaziri ozi njikwa njikwa ndekọ.
Ọ bụrụ na pịa Ctrl-C ka nkwalite FPD na-aga n'ihu, a ga-egosipụta ozi ịdọ aka ná ntị ndị a:
Mmelite FPD na-aga n'ihu na ngwaike ụfọdụ, ime ime ugbu a adịghị atụ aro ka ọ nwere ike ibute ọdịda mmemme HW wee bute RMA nke ngwaike. Ị chọrọ ịga n'ihu? [Kwenye (y/n)] Ọ bụrụ n'ịkwado na ịchọrọ ịkwụsị usoro nkwalite FPD, a ga-egosipụta ozi a:
Akwụsịla usoro nkwalite FPD, biko lelee ọkwa nke ngwaike wee weghachi iwu nkwalite ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya.
Rịba ama · Ọ bụrụ na kaadị gị na-akwado ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi FPD, ị nwere ike iji ihe ngosi fpd ngwugwu iwu iji chọpụta ihe oyiyi a kapịrị ọnụ iji kwalite na iwu hw-module fpd.
· A na-egosipụta ozi mgbe modul rawụta enweghị ike ịkwalite n'oge nkwalite yana nhọrọ niile na-egosi na FPGA kpachaara anya mafe n'oge nkwalite. Iji kwalite ụdị FPGA, ị nwere ike iji iwu CLI nwere otu ebe akọwapụtara nke ọma. Maka example, kwalite hw-modul fpd ebe niile 0/3/1.
A na-atụ aro ka ịkwalite FPGA niile na ọnụ ọnụ enyere site na iji nkwalite hw-module fpd ebe niile {niile | node-id} iwu. Ewelitela FPGA n'ọnụ ọnụ site na iji hw-modul fpd kwalite ebe {niile | node-id} n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịkpata mperi n'ịkwalite kaadị ahụ.

Nzọụkwụ 4
Nzọụkwụ 5 Nzọụkwụ 6

ọnọdụ hw-modul{ node-id | niile } bugharia Jiri iwu bugharia ọnọdụ hw-modul ka ibugharị kaadị ahịrị.
Router:ios(config)# hw-modul ebe 0/3 bugharịa
ihe ngosi ọpụpụ hw-module fpd Na-enyocha na emelitela onyonyo FPD dị na kaadị ahụ nke ọma site na igosipụta ọkwa FPD niile dị na sistemụ. ỌpụampLe:

Router# gosi hw-modul fpd

nkwalite akpaaka: Agbanyụrụ

Koodu njirimara: ọla edo B, nchekwa P, nchekwa S, A mgbochi izu ohi maara

Ụdị FPD

============

Ụdị kaadị ebe

HWver FPD ngwaọrụ

Ọnọdụ ATR na-agba ọsọ Mmemme Nbugharị Loc

————————————————————————————————————-

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 Bios

Mkpa nkwalite 7.01 7.01 0/RP0/CPU0

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 BiosGolden

B Mkpa UPGD

7.01 0/RP0/CPU0

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 8

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Otu esi ebuli onyonyo FPD

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0/PM0

PSU2KW-ACPI

0/PM1

PSU2KW-ACPI

0.30 IoFpga

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01

0.30 IoFpgaGolden

B Mkpa UPGD

0.30 SsdIntelS3520

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01

0.30 x86Fpga

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01

0.30 x86FpgaGolden B chọrọ nkwalite

0.30 x86TamFw

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01

0.30 x86TamFwGolden B chọrọ nkwalite

0.0 PO-PrimMCU

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01

0.0 PO-PrimMCU

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01

7.01 7.01 7.01 7.01 7.01 7.01 7.01 7.01 7.01

0/RP0 0/RP0 0/RP0 0/RP0 0/RP0 0/RP0 0/RP0 Ọ BỤGHỊ AJỤGHỊ ajụọ

Ọ bụrụ na kaadị ndị dị na sistemụ ahụ emezughị ihe kacha nta chọrọ, mmepụta nwere ngalaba "NOTES" nke na-ekwu ka esi kwalite ihe oyiyi FPD.
Tebụl 1: gosi hw-modul fpd nkọwa ubi

Ụdị Kaadị Ubi Ụdị Ụdị HW

Nọmba akụkụ Modul nkọwa. Ụdị ụdị ngwaike maka modul. Ụdị ngwaike.
lc-Kaadị ahịrị

Subụdị

Ụdị FPD. Nwere ike ịbụ otu n'ime ụdị ndị a: · Bios – Basic Input/ Output System · BiosGolden – Golden BIOS image · IoFpga – Ntinye / mmepụta Ubi-Programmable Ọnụ ụzọ ámá Array · IoFpgaGolden – Golden IoFpga · SsdIntelS3520 – siri ike State mbanye, mere site Intel, nke 3520 x 86 model Ubi-Programmable Gate Array emebere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na sistemụ dabere x86 · x86FpgaGolden – Ihe oyiyi ọla edo nke x86Fpga · x86TamFw – x86 Tam firmware · x86TamFwGolden – Ihe oyiyi ọla edo nke x86TamFw · PO-PrimMPO – Isi microcontroller jikọtara ya na 'Microcontroller Unit'.

Inst

FPD atụ. Ihe atụ FPD na-akọwapụta FPD pụrụ iche ma usoro FPD na-eji ya

debanye aha FPD.

Ụdị SW dị ugbu a na-agba ụdị onyonyo FPD ugbu a.

Upg/Dng?

Na-akọwapụta ma achọrọ nkwalite FPD ma ọ bụ mbelata. Achọrọ mbelata n'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe mgbe ụdị onyonyo FPD nwere nnukwu nlegharị anya karịa ụdị nke onyonyo FPD dị na ngwugwu ngwanrọ Cisco IOS XR dị ugbu a.

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 9

Bugharịa kaadị ahịrị akpaaka na nkwalite FPD

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Bugharịa kaadị ahịrị akpaaka na nkwalite FPD
Njirimara a na-ebughachi kaadị ahịrị agbakwunyere (LC) na-akpaghị aka ka nkwalite FPD na-aga nke ọma. Usoro nkwalite akpaaka FPD nke gara aga ebugharịghị kaadị ahịrị na-akpaghị aka, onye ọrụ ga-eji aka bugharịa LC.
Mmachibido maka ibugharị kaadị ahịrị akpaaka na nkwalite FPD
A ga-atụle mmachi ndị a mgbe ị na-ahazi mbugharị kaadị akpaka na mbugharị FPD: · Ọ bụrụ na nkwalite FPD ada ada na kaadị ahịrị mgbe ahụ njirimara mbugharị kaadị akpaka (ọ bụrụ na enyere ya aka) na-akwụsị LC site na ibugharị.
Hazie mbugharị kaadị ahịrị akpaaka na nkwalite FPD
Ndị na-esonụ sample gosi otu esi ahazi njirimara-bugharị akpaaka:
Router# config Router(nhazi)#fpd auto-upgrade nyeere Router(nhazi)#fpd auto-reload nyeere Router(config)#commit
A na-akwado atụmatụ mbugharị akpaaka naanị na kaadị ahịrị.
Mara N'oge usoro nkwalite FPD, akara ahịrị nwere ike igosipụta steeti IOS XR RUN tupu ịmalite ibugharị akpaaka.
Nkwalite modul ike
Na Cisco IOS XR Routers, a na-eji nkwalite Ngwaọrụ Programmable Device (FPD) maka modul ike iji melite firmware ma ọ bụ ngwaike mgbagha nke modul ntinye ike (PEMs) n'ime rawụta. Nkwalite ndị a na-ahụ na modul ike na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma site na nkwalite kachasị ọhụrụ na ndozi ahụhụ. Soro usoro nkwalite FPD modul akwụkwọ ntuziaka iji kwalite FPD na PEM.
Nkwalite FPD Modul ike akwụkwọ ntuziaka
A na-akwado modul ike akwụkwọ ntuziaka FPD na Cisco Routers ma ekwesịrị ime ya na ọnọdụ nhazi naanị. Njirimara a na-enye gị ohere ịme nkwalite FPD na PEM nke ọ bụla. Naanị modul ike na-akwado nkwalite FPD nwere ike iji aka kwalite.
Cheta na nkwalite modul ike na-ewe oge na enweghị ike ịkwalite ya ozugbo ma ọ bụ dịka akụkụ nke nkwalite FPD akpaka. Ekwesịrị ịkwalite modul ndị a n'adabereghị na nkwalite fpga ndị ọzọ.
Iji chọpụta nke PEM chọrọ nkwalite, jiri gosi hw-modul ọnọdụ fpd niile. Ndị PEM chọrọ nkwalite nọ na ọkwa UPGD SKIP.
Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 10

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Nkwalite FPD Modul ike akwụkwọ ntuziaka

Router#show hw-modul ọnọdụ fpd niile

nkwalite akpaaka: Agbanyụrụ

Koodu njirimara: ọla edo B, nchekwa P, nchekwa S, A mgbochi izu ohi maara

Ụdị FPD

============

Ụdị kaadị ebe

HWver FPD ngwaọrụ

Mmemme na-agba ọsọ ọnọdụ ATR

Bugharịa Loc

————————————————————————————————————-

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 Bios

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01 7.01

0/RP0/CPU0

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 BiosGolden

B Mkpa UPGD

7.01

0/RP0/CPU0

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 IoFpga

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01 7.01

0/RP0

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 IoFpgaGolden

B Mkpa UPGD

7.01

0/RP0

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 SsdIntelS3520

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01 7.01

0/RP0

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 x86Fpga

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01 7.01

0/RP0

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 x86FpgaGolden B chọrọ nkwalite

7.01

0/RP0

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 x86TamFw

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01 7.01

0/RP0

0/RP0/CPU0 8201

0.30 x86TamFwGolden B chọrọ nkwalite

7.01

0/RP0

0/PM0

PSU2KW-ACPI

0.0 PO-PrimMCU

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01 7.01

Ọ BỤGHỊ REQ

0/PM1

PSU2KW-ACPI

0.0 PO-PrimMCU

Achọrọ nkwalite 7.01 7.01

Ọ BỤGHỊ REQ

Iji aka kwalite modul ike, jiri [admin] kwalite ọnọdụ hw-modul 0/PTlocation fpd .
Router# admin Router(admin)# kwalite ọnọdụ hw-modul 0/PT0 fpd PM0-DT-Pri0MCU
Iji manye nkwalite modul ike, jiri nkwalite hw-module fpd niile ike ọnọdụ pm-iwu niile na ọnọdụ nchịkwa.

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 11

Na-ebuli FPD maka PSU

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Na-ebuli FPD maka PSU
Tebụl 2: Tebụl akụkọ ihe mere eme
Aha njirimara emelitere PSU FPD

Mwepụta ozi mwepụta 7.8.1

Nkọwa njirimara
Anyị emeziwanyela usoro nkwalite nke Ngwa-Programmable Devices (FPD) jikọtara ya na ngalaba na-enye ike (PSUs) na rawụta. N'oge ntinye na ntinye PSU na rawụta, a na-ebuli FPD ndị metụtara PSU na-akpaghị aka. Malite ntọhapụ a, a na-achịkọta PSU FPD n'ụdị nke nne na nna FPD na ụmụaka FPD ndị metụtara ya, na ebudatara onyonyo nkwalite naanị otu ugboro. A na-akpalite nkwalite ahụ na nne na nna FPD PSU ma megharịa ya na FPD PSU ụmụaka.
Na mwepụta ndị mbụ, ibudatara onyonyo FPD maka FPD ọ bụla metụtara PSU ahụ, wee malite usoro nkwalite ahụ n'usoro. Usoro a na-ewe oge.
A na-akwado atụmatụ a na PSU ndị a:
PSU2KW-ACPI
PSU2KW-HVPI
PSU3KW-HVPI
PSU4.8KW-DC100

Mara Ị ga-agbanyụrịrị nkwalite FPD akpaaka maka PSU tupu ịkwalite rawụta gaa na Cisco IOS XR Software Release 7.9.1 ma ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị ma ọ bụrụ na rawụta gị na-eji nke ọ bụla n'ime PSU ndị a: · PSU2KW-ACPI
PSU2KW-ACPE
PSU2KW-HVPI
PSU4.8KW-DC100

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 12

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Nkwalite FPD akpaaka maka PSU

Iji gbanyụọ nkwalite FPD akpaaka, jiri iwu a:
fpd akpaaka kwalite wepụrụ pm
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ios# show run-config fpd auto-upgrade RP/0/RP0/CPU0:ios(config)#fpd auto-upgrade ewepu pm RP/0/RP0/CPU0:ios(config)#commit RP/0/RP0/CPU0:ios#

Nkwalite FPD akpaaka maka PSU

Aha njirimara

Ozi mwepụta

Mmelite FPD akpaaka maka Mwepụta PSU 7.5.2

Nkọwa njirimara
Agbanyere FPD akpaaka maka PSU ugbu a. Na mwepụta ndị mbụ, nkwalite akpaka emetụtaghị FPD ndị metụtara PSU.

N'oge ntinye na usoro ntinye ike (PSU), ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike kwalite ngwa ngwa ngwa-ngwa-programmable Devices (FPD) jikọtara na PSU.
Malite na Cisco IOS-XR Release 7.5.2, nkwalite FPD akpaka na-agụnye FPD ndị metụtara PSU na ndabara. Nke a pụtara na mgbe agbanyere nkwalite FPD akpaaka, FPD ndị metụtara PSU ga-ebulitekwa. Nkwalite maka PSU ga-eme n'usoro, yabụ nkwalite FPD maka PSU ga-ewe ogologo oge karịa maka ihe ndị ọzọ.
Ị nwere ike ịhọrọ iwepụ PSU na usoro nkwalite akpaka iji belata oge a na-ewe maka nkwalite akpaka FPD site na igbochi ha ịkwalite mgbe ntinye ma ọ bụ n'oge nkwalite usoro site na iji fpd auto-upgrade ewepu iwu pm.

Nhazi example maka ewepu PSU na nkwalite FPD akpaka:
Nhazi
Router# config Router(config)# fpd auto-upgrade nyeere router(config)# fpd auto-upgrade ewepu pm Router(config)# eme
Gosi nhazi na-agba ọsọ
Router# na-egosi ọsọ-config fpd auto-upgrade fpd auto-upgrade nyeere fpd auto nkwalite gụnyere pm

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 13

Wepụ nkwalite PSU ndabara na nkwalite FPD akpaaka

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Wepụ nkwalite PSU ndabara na nkwalite FPD akpaaka

Tebụl 3: Tebụl akụkọ ihe mere eme

Aha njirimara

Ozi mwepụta

Wepụ Mwepụta 24.3.1 PSU ndabara site na nkwalite FPD akpaaka.

Nkọwa njirimara
Ewebata na ntọhapụ a na: Fixed Systems (8200 [ASIC: Q200, P100], 8700 [ASIC: P100], Centralized Systems (8600 [ASIC: Q200]); Modular Systems (8800 [LC ASIC: Q100, Q200, P100])
Iji mee ka usoro nkwalite FPD akpaka na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, anyị ebelatala oge ndabara achọrọ maka nkwalite akpaka FPD site na iwepụ PSU na usoro nkwalite akpaka. Nke a bụ n'ihi na a na-eme nkwalite PSU n'otu n'otu, na na rawụta zuru ezu, usoro a nwere ike were ihe karịrị otu awa iji wuchaa. Anyị agbakwunyela nhọrọ iji tinye PSU na nkwalite FPD akpaka. Na mbụ, nkwalite PSU etinyere na ndabara na nkwalite FPD akpaka.
Njirimara na-ewebata mgbanwe ndị a:
CLI:
Ewebata mkpụrụokwu pm gụnyere na fpd iwu nkwalite akpaaka.

Ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebuli ngwa ngwa ngwa-ngwa-programmable Devices (FPD) jikọtara ya na Ngalaba Na-enye Ike (PSU) na ndabara n'oge ntinye na ntinye PSU.
Malite na Cisco IOS-XR Mwepụta 24.3.1, nkwalite FPD akpaka na-ewepu FPD ndị metụtara PSU na ndabara. Nke a pụtara na mgbe agbanyere nkwalite FPD akpaka, FPD ndị metụtara PSU agaghị ebuli ya site na ndabara iji zere nkwalite akpaka FPD na-ewe ogologo oge. Mwepu nkwalite PSU bụ n'ihi na nkwalite PSU ga-eme n'usoro, na nkwalite FPD maka PSU ga-ewe ogologo oge maka rawụta zuru ezu.
Ị nwere ike ịgụnye nkwalite PSU na usoro nkwalite akpaka FPD site na iji fpd auto-upgrade gụnyere iwu pm.
Tinye PSU na nkwalite FPD akpaaka
Iji tinye nkwalite PSU gaa na usoro nkwalite akpaka FPD, mee ihe ndị a:

Usoro

Nzọụkwụ 1

Kwado FPD nkwalite akpaka.
ExampLe:
Router# config Router(config)# fpd auto-upgrade nyeere router(nhazi)# eme

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 14

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Nkwado nkwalite akpaaka maka SC/MPA

Nzọụkwụ 2 Nzọụkwụ 3 Nzọụkwụ 4

Tinye nkwalite PSU na nkwalite akpaka FPD. ỌpụampLe:
Router# config Router(config)# fpd auto-upgrade gụnyere pm Router(config)# eme
Nyochaa nhazi nkwalite akpaka FPD na PSU. ỌpụampLe:
Router# na-egosi ọsọ-config fpd auto-upgrade fpd auto-upgrade nyeere fpd auto nkwalite gụnyere pm
View ọnọdụ nke PSU auto upgrade. ỌpụampLe:
Router# gosi hw-modul fpd
nkwalite akpaaka: Agbanyụrụ
PM kwalite akpaaka: Koodu njirimara nkwarụ: B ọla edo, nchekwa P, nchekwa S, Mgbochi ohi mara.

Nkwado nkwalite akpaaka maka SC/MPA
Na Cisco 8000 Series Routers, a na-akwado nkwalite akpaaka na ụzọ bootup maka kaadị SC na MPA ọhụrụ CPU obere.
Kaadị RP na SC ọnụ na-etolite ngalaba n'ime Active na Standby nodes. Ndị isi ngalaba (RP) bụ ọrụ ịkpalite nkwalite akpaaka nke kaadị SC dị iche iche.

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 15

Nkwado nkwalite akpaaka maka SC/MPA

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Ngwa na-akwalite Ubi-Mmemme 16

Akwụkwọ / akụrụngwa

Ngwa Cisco nkwalite Ubi-Programmable [pdf] Akwụkwọ ntuziaka onye nwe
8000 Series Routers, Ngwa Mmelite Ubi-Programm, Ngwa-Enwere Mmemme, Ngwaọrụ

Ntụaka

Akwụkwọ ntuziaka onye ọrụ

Akwụkwọ ntuziaka onye nwe ngwaọrụ nke Cisco nkwalite ubi-Programmable

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike ime n'ubi na-akwalite nkwalite

Ozi ngwaahịa

Nkọwapụta:

Ntuziaka ojiji ngwaahịa

Nkwalite FPD nke aka:

Nkwalite FPD akpaaka:

ndetu:

Ajụjụ A na-ajụkarị (FAQ)

Ajụjụ: Gịnị bụ ngwungwu oyiyi FPD maka?

Ajụjụ: Kedu otu m ga-esi lelee ọkwa nkwalite FPD?

Akwụkwọ / akụrụngwa

Ntụaka

Hapụ ikwu

Kagbuo nzaghachi