Atmel 8-bit AVR Microcontroller yokhala ndi 2/4 / 8K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash User Manual

Liwiro la Gulu
- ATtiny25V / 45V / 85V: 0 - 4 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V, 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V
- ATtiny25 / 45/85: 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V, 0 - 20 MHz @ 4.5 - 5.5V

Industrial Kutentha manambala

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zochepa

Njira Yogwira:

1 MHz, 1.8V: 300 µA

Njira Yotsitsira Mphamvu:

Mapangidwe a Pin

Kutsitsa ATtiny25 / 45/85

Pin Kufotokozera

VCC: Kupereka voltage.
GND: Pansi.
Khomo B (PB5:PB0): Khomo B ndi doko la 6-bit bi-directional I/O lokhala ndi zopinga zamkati (zosankhidwa pagawo lililonse). Ma buffers a Port B ali ndi mawonekedwe a symmetrical drive okhala ndi kusinki kwakukulu komanso kuthekera kochokera. Monga zolowetsa, zikhomo za Port B zomwe zimakokedwa kunja zimakhala zaposachedwa ngati zopinga zokoka zidayatsidwa. Zikhomo za Port B zimatchulidwa katatu pamene kukonzanso kumagwira ntchito, ngakhale ngati wotchi sikuyenda.

Port B imagwiranso ntchito pazinthu zingapo zapadera za ATtiny25 / 45/85 monga zalembedwera
Pa ATtiny25, madoko osakira a I / O PB3 ndi PB4 (zikhomo 2 ndi 3) amasinthana ndi ATtiny15 Compatibility Mode kuti athandizire kumbuyo komwe kuli ndi ATtiny15.

Bwezeraninso: Bwezerani zolowetsa. Kutsika kwa pini iyi kwautali kuposa kutalika kwa kugunda kungapangitse kukonzanso, ngakhale wotchiyo sikuyenda komanso ngati pini yokonzanso sinayimitsidwe. Kutalika kocheperako kumaperekedwa Gulu 21-4 patsamba 165. Mitengo yayifupi siyotsimikizika kuti idzapangidwanso.

Pini yobwezeretsanso itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati pini (yofooka) ya I / O.

Zathaview

ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndi microcontroller yamagetsi yocheperako yama CMOS 8-bit kutengera kapangidwe ka RISC kamene kamapangidwa ndi AVR. Pogwiritsira ntchito malangizo amphamvu munthawi imodzi, ATtiny25 / 45/85 imakwaniritsa zolowera zomwe zikuyandikira 1 MIPS pa MHz yolola wopanga makina kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu molingana ndi liwiro la kukonza.

Chithunzithunzi Choyimira

Phata la AVR limaphatikiza malangizo olemera omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi ma registry okwanira 32 ogwira ntchito. Ma registry onse a 32 amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), kulola kuti kaundula awiri odziyimira pawokha apezeke m'maphunziro amodzi omwe amapangidwa munthawi imodzi. Zomangamanga zomwe zimatsatiridwazo ndizothandiza kwambiri pochita zinthu mopitilira kakhumi mwachangu kuposa ma microcontroller wamba a CISC.

ATtiny25 / 45/85 imapereka izi: 2/4 / 8K mabayiti a In-System Programmable Flash, 128/256/512 bytes EEPROM, 128/256/256 bytes SRAM, 6 general purpose I / O lines, 32 general zolembera zogwirira ntchito, 8-bit Timer / Counter yofananira, mitundu 8-bit yothamanga kwambiri Timer / Counter, Universal Serial Interface, Internal and External Interrupts, 4-channel, 10-bit ADC, programmable Watchdog Timer yokhala ndi mkati Oscillator, ndi mapulogalamu atatu omwe angasankhe njira zopulumutsa mphamvu. Njira zopanda pake imayimitsa CPU pomwe ikuloleza SRAM, Timer / Counter, ADC, Analog Comparator, ndi dongosolo la Interrupt kuti lipitilize kugwira ntchito. Mawonekedwe otsitsa mphamvu amasunga zolembedwazo, kulepheretsa zonse zida zogwirira ntchito mpaka Kusokoneza kapena Kukonzanso Zinthu Zotsatira. Njira Yochepetsa Phokoso la ADC imayimitsa CPU ndi ma module onse a I / O kupatula ADC, kuti ichepetse kusinthasintha kwa phokoso mukamasintha ADC.

Chipangizocho chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa kukumbukira kwa Atmel wosasinthasintha. On-chip ISP Flash imalola kuti kukumbukira kwa Pulogalamuyo kukonzedwenso In-System kudzera pa SPI serial interface, wolemba mapulogalamu osasunthika osakumbukira kapena ndi kachidindo ka On-chip boot kamene kali pa AVR.

ATtiny25 / 45/85 AVR imathandizidwa ndi zida zonse zopangira mapulogalamu ndi makina ophatikizira: C Compiler, Macro Assemblers, Program Debugger / Simulators and Evaluation kits.

Za Zothandizira

Zida zonse zachitukuko, zolemba zolemba ndi ma datasheeti zilipo kuti muzitsitsidwa http://www.atmel.com/avr.

Kodi Examples

Zolemba izi zili ndi code yosavuta examples zomwe zimasonyeza mwachidule momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mbali zosiyanasiyana za chipangizocho. Kodi izi examples kuganiza kuti gawo lenileni mutu file imaphatikizidwa isanapangidwe. Dziwani kuti si onse ogulitsa C compiler omwe ali ndi matanthauzo pang'ono pamutu files ndi kusokoneza kusamalira mu C kumadalira compiler. Chonde tsimikizirani ndi zolemba za C compiler kuti mumve zambiri.

Kwa ma Registry a I / O omwe ali pamapu owonjezera a I / O, "IN", "OUT", "SBIS", "SBIC", "CBI", ndi malangizo a "SBI" ayenera kusinthidwa ndi malangizo omwe amalola kufikira kwa I / O. Nthawi zambiri, izi zikutanthauza "LDS" ndi "STS" kuphatikiza ndi "SBRS", "SBRC", "SBR", ndi "CBR". Dziwani kuti sizinthu zonse za AVR zomwe zimaphatikizapo mapu owonjezera a I / O.

Capacitive Touch Sensing

Laibulale ya Atmel QTouch imapereka njira yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito polumikizana ndi ma microcontrollers a Atmel AVR. Laibulale ya QTouch imaphatikizapo chithandizo cha njira zopezera QTouch® ndi QMatrix®.

Kukhudza kukhudza kumawonjezeredwa mosavuta pakagwiritsidwe kalikonse polumikiza QTouch Library ndikugwiritsa ntchito Application Program- ming Interface (API) ya laibulale kuti mufotokozere njira zolumikizira ndi masensa. Pulogalamuyo imayitanitsa API kuti ipeze zidziwitso za njira ndikuzindikira momwe zingakhudzire.

Laibulale ya QTouch ndi yaulere ndipo imatha kutsitsidwa kuchokera ku Atmel webmalo. Kuti mumve zambiri komanso tsatanetsatane wa kukhazikitsa, onani QTouch Library User Guide - ikupezekanso kuchokera ku Atmel webmalo.

Kusunga Deta

Zotsatira zakuyenererana zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwakusungidwa kwakusungidwa kwa data kuli kochepera kuposa 1 PPM pazaka 20 zaka 85 ° C kapena zaka 100 pa 25 ° C.

AVR CPU Kore

Mawu Oyamba

Gawoli likufotokoza za kapangidwe kake ka AVR mwanjira zonse. Ntchito yayikulu ya CPU ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pulogalamu ikuyendetsedwa bwino. CPU iyenera kukhala yotheka kukumbukira, kuwerengera, kuyang'anira zotumphukira, ndikusamalira zosokoneza.

Architectural Overview

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndi kufanana, AVR imagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga ku Harvard - ndimakumbukiro osiyana ndi mabasi a pulogalamu ndi deta. Malangizo mu kukumbukira kwa Pulogalamuyi amapangidwa ndi mapaipi amodzi. Pomwe malangizo amodzi akuchitika, malangizo otsatirawa amatengedwa kale kuchokera mu kukumbukira kwa Pulogalamuyi. Lingaliro ili limathandizira kuti malangizo azitsatidwa nthawi iliyonse. Kukumbukira kwa Pulogalamuyi ndikumbukiro kwa Flash ya Pulogalamu Yowonongeka.

Register yofikira mwachangu File lili ndi 32 x 8-bit zolembera zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi nthawi yofikira koloko imodzi. Izi zimalola kuti pakhale ntchito imodzi yozungulira Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). Pantchito yanthawi zonse ya ALU, ma operands awiri amatuluka kuchokera ku Register File, ntchitoyo imachitidwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zimasungidwa mu Register File- munthawi imodzi.

Zolemba zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa 32 zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maupangiri atatu a 16-bit indirect adresse a Data Space yolankhulira - kupangitsa kuwerengera koyenera kwama adilesi. Chimodzi mwazolemba za adilesiyi chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati cholozera ma adilesi poyang'ana matebulo mu Flash Program memory. Zowonjezera izi ndi 16-bit X-, Y-, ndi Z-rejista, zomwe zafotokozedwa mtsogolo muno.

ALU imathandizira magwiridwe antchito ndi kulingalira pakati pa kaundula kapena pakati pokhazikika ndi kaundula. Ntchito zolembetsa m'modzi zitha kuchitidwanso mu ALU. Pambuyo pochita masamu, Register Status imasinthidwa kuti iwonetse zambiri pazotsatira za ntchitoyo.

Kuyenda kwamapulogalamu kumaperekedwa ndikulumpha kwamikhalidwe ndi kosavomerezeka ndi malangizo oyimbira, otha kuthana ndi malo onse adilesi. Malangizo ambiri a AVR ali ndi mawu amodzi a 16-bit, koma palinso malangizo a 32-bit.

Mukasokonezedwa ndikuyitanitsa mafoni, adilesi yobwererera Program Counter (PC) imasungidwa pa Stack. The Stack imagawidwa moyenera mu data yonse ya SRAM, chifukwa chake kukula kwa Stack kumangochepera ndi kukula kwa SRAM kwathunthu ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka SRAM. Mapulogalamu onse ogwiritsa ntchito akuyenera kuyambitsa SP pakukonzanso (musanachitike kapena kusokoneza). Stack Pointer (SP) imawerengedwa / kulembedwa kupezeka mu malo a I / O. Dongosolo la SRAM limatha kupezeka mosavuta kudzera mumitundu isanu yolankhulira yothandizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka AVR.

Malo okumbukira mu kapangidwe ka AVR onse ndi mamapu olondola komanso okumbukira nthawi zonse.

Module yosokoneza yosinthika ili ndi zolembera zake mu danga la I / O ndikuwonjezeranso kwa Global Interrupt Enable pang'ono mu Register Register. Zosokoneza zonse zimakhala ndi Kutsekemera Vector kosiyana patebulo la Interrupt Vector. Zododometsazo ndizofunikira kutengera kutsekedwa kwa Vector Vector. Kutsika kwa adilesi ya Interrupt Vector, kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.

Malo okumbukira a I/O ali ndi ma adilesi 64 a ntchito zotumphukira za CPU monga Control Registers, SPI, ndi ntchito zina za I/O. Memory ya I/O imatha kupezeka mwachindunji, kapena ngati malo a Data Space kutsatira a Register File, 0x20 - 0x5F.

ALU - Chiwerengero cha Arithmetic Logic Unit

Magwiridwe antchito a AVR ALU amagwira ntchito molumikizana ndi zolembetsa zonse za 32 zofunikira. Pakangopita nthawi imodzi, masamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pazolembetsa zambiri kapena pakati pa kaundula ndi nthawi yomweyo amaphedwa. Ntchito za ALU zidagawika m'magulu atatu akulu - masamu, zomveka, komanso zovuta. Zochitika zina zomangamanga zimaperekanso kuchulukitsa kwamphamvu komwe kumathandizira kuchulukitsa kosainidwa / kosainidwa ndi mawonekedwe apakati. Onani gawo la "Instruction Set" kuti mumve tsatanetsatane.

Kulembetsa Mkhalidwe

Mkhalidwe Wolembetsa uli ndi chidziwitso chazotsatira zamalamulo aposachedwa kwambiri omwe apangidwa. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posintha kuyenda kwa pulogalamuyo kuti ichitepo kanthu panjira. Dziwani kuti Status Register imasinthidwa pambuyo pa zochitika zonse za ALU, monga zafotokozedwera mu Instruction Set Reference. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachotsa kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito malangizo odzipereka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale code yachangu komanso yolumikizana.

Maudindo Omwe Sakhala nawo amasungidwa mukamachita zosokoneza ndikubwezeretsanso pakubwerera kuchokera kosokoneza. Izi ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu.

SREG - AVR Mkhalidwe Wolembetsa

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x3f ku	I	T	H	S	V	N	Z	C	SREG
Werengani/Lembani	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Pang'ono 7 - I: Kusokoneza Padziko Lonse Yambitsani

Kusokoneza Padziko Lonse Yambitsani kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zosokoneza zitheke. Kusokoneza komwe kumapangitsa kuwongolera kumachitika kenako m'magulu osiyana owongolera. Ngati Global Interrupt Enable Register itakonzedwa, palibe chilichonse chododometsa chomwe chimathandizidwa popanda kudikirira komwe kumapangitsa makonda. I-bit imakonzedwa ndi hardware pambuyo poti kusokoneza kwachitika, ndipo imayikidwa ndi malangizo a RETI kuti athe kusokonezedwa pambuyo pake. I-bit itha kukhazikitsidwanso ndikukhazikitsidwa ndi pulogalamuyi ndi malangizo a SEI ndi CLI, monga momwe akufotokozera muupangiri wofotokozera.

Pang'ono 6 - T: Kusungira Pang'ono Pang'ono

Malangizo a Bit Copy BLD (Bit LoaD) ndi BST (Bit Store) amagwiritsa ntchito T-bit monga gwero kapena kopita kwa biti yoyendetsedwa. Pang'ono ndi kaundula mu Register File akhoza kukopera mu T ndi malangizo a BST, ndipo pang'ono mu T akhoza kukopera pang'ono mu kaundula mu Register. File ndi malangizo a BLD.

Pang'ono 5 - H: Hafu Yonyamula Mbendera

Half Carry Flag H ikuwonetsa Half Carry m'machitidwe ena a masamu. Half Carry imathandiza mu masamu a BCD. Onani "Instruction Set Description" kuti mumve zambiri.

Pang'ono 4 - S: Sign Bit, S = N ⊕ V

S-bit nthawi zonse imakhala yokhayokha kapena pakati pa Negative Flag N ndi Mbendera Yowonjezera Yowonjezera V V. Onani "Instruction Set Description" kuti mumve zambiri.

Pang'ono 3 - V: Mbendera Yowonjezera Yowonjezera

Mbendera Yowonjezera Yowonjezera V imagwirizira masamu awiri owonjezera. Onani "Instruction Set Description" kuti mumve zambiri.

Pang'ono 2 - N: Mbendera Yoyipa

Negative Flag N ikuwonetsa zotsatira zoyipa pakuchita masamu kapena malingaliro. Onani "Instruction Set Description" kuti mumve zambiri.

Pang'ono 1 - Z: Zero Flag

Zero Flag Z imawonetsa ziro chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito masamu kapena malingaliro. Onani "Instruction Set Description" kuti mumve zambiri.

Pang'ono 0 - C: Tengani Mbendera

Carry Flag C ikuwonetsa kunyamula mu masamu kapena malingaliro. Onani "Instruction Set Description" kuti mumve zambiri.

General Purpose Register File

The Register File imakongoletsedwa ndi malangizo a AVR Enhanced RISC. Kuti mukwaniritse magwiridwe antchito ofunikira komanso kusinthasintha, njira zotsatirazi / zotuluka zimathandizidwa ndi Register. File:

Chotulutsa chimodzi cha 8-bit operand ndi cholowetsa chimodzi cha 8-bit

Ma opareshoni awiri a 8-bit ndi cholowera chimodzi cha 8-bit

Ma opareshoni awiri a 8-bit ndi cholowera chimodzi cha 16-bit

Chotulutsa chimodzi cha 16-bit operand ndi cholowetsa chimodzi cha 16-bit

Chithunzi 4-2 ikuwonetsa kapangidwe ka zolembera za 32 zomwe zikugwira ntchito mu CPU.

Monga zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4-2, kaundula aliyense amapatsidwanso adilesi ya Memory Data, kuwapanga iwo mwachindunji kumalo 32 oyambirira a wosuta Data Space. Ngakhale kuti sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo a SRAM, bungwe lokumbukira izi limapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu pakupeza ma registry, monga ma regista a X-, Y- ndi Z-pointer amatha kukhazikitsidwa kuti awonetsere zolembetsa zilizonse mu file.Malangizo ambiri omwe akugwira ntchito pa Register File ali ndi mwayi wopita ku ma regista onse, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi malangizo ozungulira.

X-register, Y-register, ndi Z-register

MaRejista a R26..R31 ali ndi zina zowonjezera pazogwiritsa ntchito pazolinga zawo. Ma registry awa ndi ma adilesi a 16-bit omwe amalumikizidwa molakwika ndi danga. Ma adilesi atatu osalunjika amalembetsa X, Y, ndi Z amafotokozedwa momwe amafotokozedwera Chithunzi 4-3.

M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizira ma adilesi awa ali ndi magwiridwe antchito osasunthika, kuchuluka kwazowonjezera, komanso kutsika kwadzidzidzi (onani malangizo omwe afotokozedwera mwatsatanetsatane).

Cholozera Stack

The Stack imagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira zosakhalitsa, kusungira zosintha zakomweko ndikusunganso ma adilesi obwerera mukasokonezedwa ndi ma subroutine mafoni. Stack Pointer Register nthawi zonse imaloza pamwamba pa Stack. Dziwani kuti Stack imayendetsedwa ngati ikukula kuchokera kumalo akumbukiro kochepa kutsitsa malo okumbukira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti lamulo la Stack PUSH limachepetsa Stack Pointer.

Stack Pointer imaloza kudera la SRAM Stack komwe kuli Subroutine ndi Interrupt Stacks. Danga la Stack mu data la SRAM liyenera kufotokozedwa ndi pulogalamuyo mafoni aliwonse asanachitike kapena kutseguka kutsegulidwe. Stack Pointer iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamwambapa 0x60. Cholozera cha Stack chimachepetsedwa ndi m'modzi pomwe deta imakankhidwira pa Stack ndi malangizo a PUSH, ndipo imachepetsedwa ndi awiri pomwe adilesi yobwezera imakankhidwira ku Stack ndikuyimbira foni kapena kusokoneza. Cholozera cha Stack chimakwezedwa ndi m'modzi data ikatulutsidwa kuchokera mu Stack ndi malangizo a POP, ndipo imawonjezeredwa ndi awiri data ikatulutsidwa kuchokera mu Stack ndikubwerera kuchokera ku subroutine RET kapena kubwerera kuchokera kusokoneza RETI.

Cholozera cha AVR Stack chimayendetsedwa ngati zolembera ziwiri za 8-bit mu danga la I / O. Chiwerengero cha ziphuphu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikutengera kukhazikitsidwa. Dziwani kuti danga lazomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito pazomangamanga za AVR ndiloling'ono kwambiri kotero kuti SPL yokha ndiyofunika. Poterepa, SPH Register sipadzapezeka.

SPH ndi SPL - Register ya Stack Pointer

Pang'ono	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8
0x3 ndi	SP15	SP14	SP13	SP12	SP11	SP10	SP9	SP8	SPH
0x3d pa	SP7	SP6	SP5	SP4	SP3	SP2	SP1	SP0	SPL
	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
Werengani/Lembani	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Werengani/Lembani	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI
Mtengo Woyamba	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI	RAMENDI

Nthawi Yopangira Ntchito

Chigawochi chikufotokoza mfundo za nthawi yofikira pakuphunzitsidwa. AVR CPU imayendetsedwa ndi CPU wotchi clkCPU, yopangidwa mwachindunji kuchokera kugwero la wotchi yosankhidwa ya chip. Palibe gawo la wotchi yamkati yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chithunzi 4-4 ikuwonetsa zolemba zofananira ndi malangizo omwe amathandizidwa ndi zomangamanga za Harvard komanso Register yofikira mwachangu. File lingaliro. Ili ndiye lingaliro loyambira la mapaipi kuti mupeze mpaka 1 MIP pa MHz iliyonse yokhala ndi zotsatira zapadera za magwiridwe antchito pa mtengo wake, magwiridwe antchito pawotchi iliyonse, ndi magwiridwe antchito pagawo lililonse lamagetsi.

Chithunzi 4-5. Single Cycle ALU Operation

Bwezeretsani ndikusokoneza Kusamalira

AVR imapereka magwero angapo osokoneza. Izi zimasokoneza ndipo Reset Vector yosiyanayo ili ndi Pulogalamu Yoyeserera mu pulogalamu yokumbukira Program. Zosokoneza zonse zimapatsidwa mwayi wololeza maina omwe amayenera kulembedwa limodzi ndi Global Interrupt Enable bit mu Status Register kuti athe kusokoneza.

Maadiresi otsika kwambiri mu pulogalamu yokumbukira Pulogalamuyi amadziwika kuti Reset ndi Interrupt Vectors. Mndandanda wathunthu wamavekitala akuwonetsedwa mu "Zosokoneza" patsamba 48. Mndandandawo umatsimikiziranso magawo oyambira pazosokoneza zosiyanasiyana. Kutsika kwa adilesi ndikokwera kwambiri ndiyofunikira kwambiri. RESET ndiyofunika kwambiri, ndipo chotsatira ndi INT0 - Pempho lakunja lotsegulira 0.

Zosokoneza zikachitika, Global Interrupt Enable I-bit imachotsedwa ndipo zosokoneza zonse zimalephereka. Wogwiritsa ntchito mosavutikira amatha kulemba lingaliro limodzi ku I-bit kuti zitha kusokonekera. Zosokoneza zonse zitha kusokoneza zomwe zikuchitika pakadali pano. I-bit imangokhazikitsidwa pokhapokha Kubwerera kuchokera ku Malangizo osokoneza - RETI - ikuchitidwa.

Pali mitundu iwiri yakusokonezedwa. Mtundu woyamba umayambitsidwa ndi chochitika chomwe chimayika Chizindikiro Chododometsa. Pazosokoneza izi, Program Counter imasindikizidwa ku Interrupt Vector kuti ikwaniritse njira zosokoneza, ndipo zida zachitsulo zimachotsa chikwangwani chofanana cha Interrupt. Zododometsa Mbendera zitha kutsukidwanso ndikulemba zomveka pamalopo kuti ayeretsedwe. Ngati pakasokonezedwa pakachitika zovuta zomwe zingathandize, chithunzithunzi cha Interrupt chikhazikitsidwa ndikukumbukiridwa mpaka pomwe chisokonezo chizikhala chololedwa, kapena mbendera itakonzedwa ndi mapulogalamu. Mofananamo, ngati chimodzi kapena zingapo zododometsa zitha kuchitika pomwe Global Interrupt Enable ikachotsedwa, Interrupt Flag (ma) omwewo adzakhazikitsidwa ndikukumbukiridwa mpaka Global Interrupt Enable bit itakhazikitsidwe, kenako ndikupatsidwa dongosolo loyambirira.

Mtundu wachiwiri wosokoneza umayambika malinga ngati zosokoneza zilipo. Zododometsa izi sizikhala ndi Ziletsa Zosokoneza. Ngati zododometsa zitasowa kusokoneza kusanachitike, kusokonezedwa sikungayambitsidwe.

AVR ikachoka pakumasokoneza, nthawi zonse imabwerera ku pulogalamu yayikulu ndikupereka malangizo enanso asanasokonezeke.

Dziwani kuti kalembedwe ka Status sikangosungidwa mukamachita zosokoneza, kapena kubwezeretsanso mukamachokera kusokoneza. Izi ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito malangizo a CLI kuti mulepheretse kusokoneza, zosokoneza zidzayimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Palibe zosokoneza zomwe zidzachitike pambuyo pa malangizo a CLI, ngakhale zitachitika nthawi imodzi ndi malangizo a CLI. Example akuwonetsa momwe izi zingagwiritsire ntchito kupewa kusokonezedwa panthawi ya EEPROM yolemba.

Assembly Code Example

mu r16, SREG; Mtengo wapatali wa magawo SREG

cli; zimitsani zosokoneza panthawi yanthawi yake

sbi EECR, EEMPE; yambani EEPROM kulemba

sbi EECR, EEPE

kunja kwa SREG, r16; bwezeretsani mtengo wa SREG (I-bit)

C Kodi Example

char cSREG;

cSREG = SREG; /* sungani mtengo wa SEG */

/* zimitsani zosokoneza panthawi yanthawi yake */

_CLI ();

EECR |= (1<

EECR | = (1 <

SREG = cSREG; /* bwezeretsani mtengo wa SEG (I-bit) */

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito malangizo a SEI kuti muzitha kusokoneza, malangizo otsatirawa a SEI adzaperekedwa kusanachitike kusokonezedwa kulikonse, monga momwe tawonera m'nkhaniyi.ample.

Assembly Code Example

sei; khazikitsani Global Interrupt Enable

kugona; kulowa m'tulo, kuyembekezera kusokoneza

; zindikirani: adzagona tulo lisanafike

; kusokoneza

C Kodi Example

_SEI(); /* khazikitsani Global Interrupt Yambitsani */

_GONA(); /* lowetsani tulo, kuyembekezera kusokoneza */

/ * zindikirani: adzagona tulo lisadasokoneze (s) * /

Kusokoneza Nthawi Yoyankha

Kuyankha kwakanthawi kosokoneza kwa zonse zomwe AVR imasokoneza kumakhala koyenda pang'ono. Pambuyo pamaulonda anayi a adilesi ya Program Vector pazomwe zimachitika pakadutsa njira zimayendetsedwa. Munthawi yamaulendo anayi awa, Program Counter imakankhidwira pa Stack. Vector nthawi zambiri imalumphira pazolowera, ndipo kudumpha kumeneku kumatenga nthawi mawola atatu. Ngati kudodometsa kumachitika mukamapereka malangizo azambiri, malangizowa amalizidwa kusanachitike. Ngati kusokonezedwa kumachitika pamene MCU ili mtulo, nthawi yoyankhira poyankha imakulitsidwa ndi maora anayi. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumabwera kuphatikiza nthawi yakuyambira kuchokera munjira yogona yomwe mwasankha.

Kubwereranso kuzinthu zododometsa kumatenga nthawi zinayi. Pakati pa maora anayi awa, Program Counter (ma byte awiri) imabweranso kuchokera ku Stack, Stack Pointer imakwezedwa ndi awiri, ndipo I-bit mu SREG yakhazikitsidwa.

Kukumbukira kwa AVR

Gawo ili likufotokoza zokumbukira zosiyanasiyana mu ATtiny25 / 45/85. Zomangamanga za AVR zili ndi malo awiri okumbukira, kukumbukira kwa Data ndi danga lokumbukira Pulogalamuyi. Kuphatikiza apo, ATtiny25 / 45/85 ili ndi Chikumbutso cha EEPROM chosungira deta. Malo onse atatu okumbukira ndi ofanana komanso okhazikika.

Pulogalamu Yoyeserera Yoyesereranso Mkati Mwa System

ATtiny25 / 45/85 ili ndi 2/4 / 8K byte On-chip In-System Reprogrammable Flash memory yosungira pulogalamuyi. Popeza malangizo onse a AVR ali ndi ma 16 kapena 32 mulifupi, Flash ili ndi gulu la 1024/2048/4096 x 16.

Kukumbukira kwa Flash kumakhala ndi kupirira kosachepera 10,000 zolemba / kufufuta. ATtiny25 / 45/85 Program Counter (PC) ndi 10/11/12 mabatani otambalala, potero amalankhula za kukumbukira kwa 1024/2048/4096 Program. “Ndondomeko Yokumbukira- kusakaniza ”patsamba 147 ili ndi tsatanetsatane wazotsitsa za Flash data posanja pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo za SPI.

Ma tebulo anthawi zonse amatha kugawidwa mkati mwa pulogalamu yonse yamapulogalamu adilesi (onani malongosoledwe a LPM - Load Program memory memory).

Chithunzi 5-1. Mapu a Memory Program

Kukumbukira Zambiri za SRAM

Chithunzi 5-2 ikuwonetsa momwe ATtiny25 / 45/85 SRAM Memory idapangidwira.

Malo otsika a 224/352/607 Data memory adilesi onse a Register File, kukumbukira kwa I/O ndi SRAM ya data yamkati. Malo 32 oyambirira amalembera Register File, malo 64 otsatirawa amaika kukumbukira kwa I / O, ndipo malo otsiriza a 128/256/512 amatchula SRAM yamkati.

Njira zisanu zoyankhulirana zachivundikiro cha kukumbukira kwa Data: Direct, Indirect with Displacement, Indirect, Indirect with Pre-decrement, and Indirect with Post-increment. Mu Register File, kaundula wa R26 mpaka R31 ali ndi zilolezo zolozera maadiresi.

Kulankhula kwachindunji kumafika pa danga lonse la deta.

The Indirect with Displacement mode ifika kumalo 63 a adilesi kuchokera ku adilesi yoyambira yomwe Y- kapena Z- amalembetsa.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolembetsedwera yosalunjika ndi pre-kutsika pang'ono ndi post-increment, adilesi imalembetsa X, Y, ndi Z amachepetsedwa kapena kukulitsidwa.

Ma regista 32 ogwirira ntchito, 64 I/O Registerers, ndi ma 128/256/512 byte a data yamkati SRAM mu ATtiny25/45/85 onse akupezeka kudzera munjira zonsezi. The Register File ikufotokozedwa mu "Gen- eral Purpose Register File” patsamba 10.

Chithunzi 5-2. Mapu a Memory Data

Data Memory Access Nthawi

Gawoli likufotokoza mfundo zanthawi zonse zofikira pamtima. Kufikira kwa data kwa SRAM kumachitika m'mizere iwiri ya clkCPU monga momwe tafotokozera Chithunzi 5-3.

Chithunzi 5-3. Pa-chip Data SRAM Kufikira Kuzungulira Kukumbukira Kwama data kwa EEPROM

ATtiny25 / 45/85 ili ndi 128/256/512 byte of data EEPROM memory. Ikupangidwa ngati malo osiyana a deta, momwe ma byte amodzi amatha kuwerengera ndikulemba. EEPROM imapirira pafupifupi 100,000 zolemba ndi kufufuta. Kupezeka pakati pa EEPROM ndi CPU kukufotokozedwa motere, kutanthauzira ma Registry Adilesi a EEPROM, EEPROM Data Register, ndi EEPROM Control Register. Kuti mumve zambiri onani “Kutsitsa Kwa Mndandanda” patsamba 151.

Kuwerenga kwa EEPROM Kuwerenga / Kulemba

Ma Registry Access a EEPROM amapezeka m'malo a I / O.

Nthawi zolembera zolembera za EEPROM zimaperekedwa mu Tebulo 5-1 patsamba 21. Ntchito yodzipangira yokha, komabe, imalola pulogalamu ya ogwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira nthawi yomwe byte yotsatira ingalembe. Ngati code yogwiritsira ntchito ili ndi malangizo omwe amalemba EEPROM, njira zina zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa. Pamagetsi osefedwa kwambiri, VCC ikhoza kukwera kapena kugwa pang'onopang'ono

Mphamvu-mmwamba/pansi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chipangizochi chizigwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitalitagndi otsika kuposa otchulidwa kuti ndi ocheperako pamafupipafupi a wotchi yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwaona Kuteteza Ziphuphu ku EEPROM patsamba 19 mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungapewere mavuto munthawi imeneyi.

Pofuna kupewa EEPROM yolemba mwangozi, njira yolemba iyenera kutsatiridwa. Tchulani “Atomiki Mapulogalamu a Byte ”patsamba 17 ndi "Split Byte Programming" patsamba 17 mwatsatanetsatane pa izi.

EEPROM ikawerengedwa, CPU imayimitsidwa kwa mphindi zinayi malangizo asanafike. Pamene EEPROM yalembedwa, CPU imayimitsidwa kwa mawotchi awiri malangizo asanafike.

Kukonzekera kwa Atomic Byte

Kugwiritsa ntchito Atomic Byte Programming ndiyo njira yosavuta kwambiri. Polemba kalata yamakalata ku EEPROM, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kulemba adilesiyi ku EEAR Register ndi deta ku EEDR Register. Ngati ma EEPMn bits ali zero, kulemba EEPE (mkati mwazinthu zinayi pambuyo pa EEMPE kulembedwa) kumayambitsa kufufuta / kulemba ntchito. Zoyeserera ndi kulemba zonse zimachitika kamodzi kokha ndipo nthawi yonse yamapulogalamu imaperekedwa Tebulo 5-1 patsamba 21. Phokoso la EEPE limakhalabe lokhazikika mpaka kufufuta ndikulemba kumalizidwa. Ngakhale chipangizocho chili chotanganidwa ndi mapulogalamu, sizotheka kuchita zina zilizonse za EEPROM.

Kugawa Mapulogalamu Amodzi

Ndi zotheka kugawa chofufutira ndi kulemba kuzungulira mu ntchito ziwiri zosiyana. Izi zitha kukhala zothandiza ngati pulogalamuyo ikufuna nthawi yaying'ono yofikira kwa nthawi yochepa (nthawi zambiri ngati mphamvu yamagetsi voltagndi kugwa). Kuti apite patsogolo- tage za njira iyi, pamafunika kuti malo omwe alembedwe afufutidwe ntchito yolemba isanachitike. Koma popeza ntchito zofufutira ndi kulemba zimagawika, ndizotheka kuchita zofufutirazo pomwe dongosolo limalola kuchita ntchito zovuta nthawi (makamaka pambuyo pa Mphamvu-mmwamba).

Fufutani

Kuti muchotse ndalama, adilesi iyenera kulembedwa ku EEAR. Ngati ma EEPMn bits ali 0b01, kulemba EEPE (mkati mwazinthu zinayi pambuyo pa EEMPE kulembedwa) kumangoyambitsa kufufutaku kokha (nthawi yamapulogalamu imaperekedwa Tebulo 5-1 kupitilira tsamba 21). Phokoso la EEPE limakhalabe lokhazikika mpaka ntchitoyo itatha. Ngakhale chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito, sikutheka kuchita ntchito zina za EEPROM.

Lembani

Kuti alembere komwe kuli, wosuta ayenera kulemba adilesi ku EEAR ndi ku EEDR. Ngati ma EEPMn bits ali 0b10, kulemba EEPE (mkati mwazinthu zinayi pambuyo pa EEMPE kulembedwa) kumangoyambitsa ntchito yolemba kokha (nthawi yolemba pulogalamu imaperekedwa Tebulo 5-1 patsamba 21). Chidutswa cha EEPE chimatsalira mpaka ntchito yonse yolemba ithe. Ngati malo oti alembedwe sanachotsedwe asanalembe, zomwe zasungidwa ziyenera kuonedwa ngati zotayika. Ngakhale chipangizocho chili chodzaza ndi mapulogalamu, sizotheka kuchita zina zilizonse za EEPROM.

Calcrated Oscillator imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufikira nthawi yomwe EEPROM imafikira. Onetsetsani kuti mafupipafupi a Oscillator ali mogwirizana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwazo "OSCCAL - Register ya Oscillator Calibration" patsamba 31.

Nambala yotsatira examples akuwonetsa gulu limodzi ndi ntchito imodzi ya C yofufutira, kulemba, kapena kulemba atomiki ya EEPROM. Examptiyerekeze kuti zosokoneza zimawongoleredwa (mwachitsanzo, poletsa zosokoneza padziko lonse lapansi) kuti pasapezeke zosokoneza zikachitika.

Assembly Code Example

EEPROM_lemba:

; Yembekezerani kumaliza zolemba zam'mbuyomu

sbic EECR, EEPE

rjmp EEPROM_write

; Khazikitsani mtundu wa Mapulogalamu

ldi r16, (0<<EEPM1)|(0<<EEPM0)

ku EECR, r16

; Khazikitsani adilesi (r18: r17) m'kaundula wa ma adilesi

ku EEARH, r18

kuchokera EEARL, r17

; Lembani zidziwitso (r19) kuti mulembetse deta

kuchokera EEDR, r19

; Lembani chimodzi chomveka ku EEMPE

sbi EECR, EEMPE

; Yambani eeprom kulemba mwa kukhazikitsa EEPE

sbi EECR, EEPE

ret

C Kodi Example

zopanda kanthu EEPROM_write(char ucAddress yosasainidwa, char ucData yosasainidwa)

{

/* Yembekezerani kumaliza kulemba kwapita */ pamene(EECR & (1<

;

/* Khazikitsani Madongosolo */

EECR = (0 <

/ * Khazikitsani ma adilesi ndi ma registry a data * / EEAR = ucAddress;

EEDR = ucData;

/* Lembani zomveka ku EEMPE */

EECR | = (1 <

/ * Yambani eeprom kulemba mwa kukhazikitsa EEPE * /

EECR | = (1 <

}

Nambala yotsatira examples show assembly ndi C ntchito powerenga EEPROM. Examppoganiza kuti zosokoneza zimawongoleredwa kotero kuti palibe zosokoneza zomwe zingachitike panthawi yogwira ntchitozi.

Assembly Code Example

EEPROM_kuwerenga:

; Yembekezerani kumaliza zolemba zam'mbuyomu

sbic EECR, EEPE

rjmp EEPROM_werengani

; Khazikitsani adilesi (r18: r17) m'kaundula wa ma adilesi

ku EEARH, r18

kuchokera EEARL, r17

; Yambirani eeprom kuwerenga polemba EERE

sbi EECR, EERE

; Werengani zambiri kuchokera m'kaundula wa zidziwitso

ku r16,EEDR

ret

C Kodi Example

zilembo zosayinidwa EEPROM_read(unsigned Char ucAddress)

{

/ * Dikirani kuti mumalize kulemba kale * /

pomwe (EECR & (1 <

;

/ * Khazikitsani kaundula wa ma adilesi * / EEAR = ucAddress;

/* Yambani eeprom kuwerenga polemba EERE */

EECR | = (1 <

/ * Bweretsani deta kuchokera m'kaundula wa data * /

bweretsani EEDR;

}

Kupewa Ziphuphu za EEPROM

Pa nthawi ya VCC yotsika, deta ya EEPROM ikhoza kusokonezedwa chifukwa cha voltage ndiyotsika kwambiri kuti CPU ndi EEPROM zizigwira ntchito bwino. Nkhanizi ndizofanana ndi machitidwe a board level pogwiritsa ntchito EEPROM, ndipo njira zomwezo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuwonongeka kwa data ya EEPROM kungayambitsidwe ndi zochitika ziwiri pamene voltagndi otsika kwambiri. Choyamba, zolemba zokhazikika ku EEPROM zimafuna osachepera voltage kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera. Kachiwiri, CPU yokha imatha kupereka malangizo molakwika, ngati voltagndi otsika kwambiri.

Ziphuphu za EEPROM zitha kupewedwa mosavuta potsatira malingaliro awa:

Sungani AVR RESET ikugwira ntchito (yotsika) panthawi yamagetsi osakwanira voltage. Izi zitha kuchitika poyambitsa chowunikira chamkati cha Brown-out (BOD). Ngati mulingo wozindikirika wa BOD wamkati sukugwirizana ndi

mulingo wofunikira wodziwikiratu, dera lotsika lakunja lodzitchinjiriza la VCC lingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngati kukonzanso kumachitika pamene ntchito yolemba ikuchitika, ntchito yolembayo idzamalizidwa pokhapokha mphamvu yamagetsi voltage ndi wokwanira.

Kumbukirani I / O

Kutanthauzira kwa danga la I / O la ATtiny25 / 45/85 kukuwonetsedwa "Lembetsani Chidule" patsamba 200.

Zonse za ATtiny25 / 45/85 I / Os ndi zotumphukira zimayikidwa mu danga la I / O. Malo onse a I / O atha kupezeka ndi LD / LDS / LDD ndi ST / STS / STD malangizo, posamutsa deta pakati pa zolembera za 32 zomwe zikugwira ntchito ndi malo a I / O. Olembetsa a I / O mkati mwa adilesi 0x00 - 0x1F amapezeka pang'ono mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo a SBI ndi CBI. M'malembedwewa, kufunikira kwa mabatani amodzi kumatha kuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo a SBIS ndi SBIC. Tchulani gawo lomwe laikidwa kuti mumve zambiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito malamulo apadera a I / O MU ndi OUT, ma adilesi a I / O 0x00 - 0x3F ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukamalankhula ndi Olembetsa a I / O ngati malo achidziwitso pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo a LD ndi ST, 0x20 iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuma adilesi awa.

Pogwirizana ndi zida zamtsogolo, ma bits osungidwa ayenera kulembedwa zero ngati atapezeka. Maadiresi okumbukira a I / O osungidwa sayenera kulembedwa.

Ena mwa Mbendera Zomwe Zimasinthidwa zimawonekera polemba chimodzi chomveka kwa iwo. Dziwani kuti malangizo a CBI ndi SBI azingogwira ntchito pang'ono, ndipo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamndandanda womwe uli ndi Mbendera Zomwe. Malangizo a CBI ndi SBI amagwira ntchito ndi kaundula 0x00 mpaka 0x1F okha.

Ma Registry a I / O ndi ma Peripherals Control Registry amafotokozedwa m'magawo amtsogolo.

Lembani Kufotokozera

EEARH - Kulembetsa Maadiresi a EEPROM

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x1f ku	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	KUMVA8	DZIKO
Werengani/Lembani	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	X/0

Tinthu 7: 1 - Res: Tinthu tosungidwa

Ma bits awa amasungidwa kuti adzagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo ndipo nthawi zonse amawerengedwa ngati zero.

Tinthu 0 - EEAR8: EEPROM Adilesi

Ili ndiye adilesi yofunika kwambiri ya EEPROM ya ATtiny85. Mu zida zomwe zili ndi EEPROM yocheperako, mwachitsanzo ATtiny25 / ATtiny45, chidutswa ichi chimasungidwa ndipo chiziwerenga zero nthawi zonse. Mtengo woyambirira wa EEPROM Adilesi Registry (EEAR) sunafotokozeredwe ndipo mtengo woyenera uyenera kulembedwa EEPROM isanapezeke.

EEARL - Kulembetsa Maadiresi a EEPROM

Pang'ono

0x1 ndi	KUMVA7	KUMVA6	KUMVA5	KUMVA4	KUMVA3	KUMVA2	KUMVA1	KUMVA0	KUMVA
Kumbuyo / Lembani	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X

Pang'ono 7 - EEAR7: Adilesi ya EEPROM

Ili ndiye adilesi yofunika kwambiri ya EEPROM ya ATtiny45. Mu zida zomwe zili ndi EEPROM yocheperako, mwachitsanzo ATtiny25, chidutswa ichi chimasungidwa ndipo chiziwerenga zero nthawi zonse. Mtengo woyambirira wa EEPROM Address Register (EEAR) sunafotokozeredwe ndipo mtengo woyenera uyenera kulembedwa EEPROM isanapezeke.

Tinthu 6: 0 - EEAR [6: 0]: Adilesi ya EEPROM

Izi ndi zigawo (zotsika) za EEPROM Address Register. Ma data a EEPROM amalankhulidwa molunjika pamtundu wa 0… (128/256 / 512-1). Mtengo woyambirira wa EEAR sunafotokozeredwe ndipo kufunika koyenera kuyenera kulembedwa EEPROM isanapezeke.

EEDR - Kulembetsa Zachidziwitso za EEPROM

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x1d pa	EEDR7	EEDR6	EEDR5	EEDR4	EEDR3	EEDR2	EEDR1	EEDR0	EDR
Werengani/Lembani	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Pa ntchito yolemba EEPROM Register ya EEDR imakhala ndi zomwe zilembedwe ku EEPROM mu adilesi yomwe idaperekedwa ndi EEAR Register. Pa ntchito yowerenga EEPROM, EEDR ili ndi zomwe zimawerengedwa kuchokera pa

EEPROM ku adilesi yoperekedwa ndi EEAR. 5.5.4 EECR - Kalata Yoyang'anira EEPROM
Pang`ono 7 6 5			4	3	2	1	0
Zamgululi –	–	EPM1	EPM0	EERIE	Tsimikizirani	EEPE	PANO	Mtengo wa EECR
Werengani / Lembani R R R / W.			R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba 0 0 X			X	0	0	X	0

Bit 7 - Res: Bit Yotetezedwa

Chidutswa ichi chimasungidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo ndipo chimawerengedwa ngati 0 mu ATtiny25 / 45/85. Kuti mugwirizane ndi zida zamtsogolo za AVR, nthawi zonse lembani izi mpaka zero. Mukatha kuwerenga, sungani izi pang'ono.

Bit 6 - Res: Bit Yotetezedwa

Chidutswa ichi chimasungidwa mu ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndipo chimawerengedwa ngati zero.

Tinthu 5: 4 - EEPM [1: 0]: EEPROM Njira Yoyeserera Ya Mapulogalamu

Makina a EEPROM Programming mode amatanthauzira pulogalamu yomwe ingachitike mukamalemba EEPE. Ndizotheka kupanga pulogalamu mu ntchito imodzi ya atomiki (kufufuta mtengo wakale ndikukhazikitsa phindu latsopanolo) kapena kugawa magwiridwe a Erase and Write mu ntchito ziwiri zosiyana. Nthawi Zamapulogalamu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zikuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 5-1. Pomwe EEPE yakhazikitsidwa, kulembera kulikonse ku EEPMn kunyalanyazidwa. Pakukonzanso, ma bits a EEPMn akhazikitsidwanso ku 0b00 pokhapokha EEPROM itatanganidwa ndi mapulogalamu.

Gulu 5-1. EEPROM Mode Bits

EPM1	EPM0	Nthawi Yolemba	Ntchito
0	0	3.4 ms	Fufutani ndi Kulemba mu ntchito imodzi (Atomic Operation)
0	1	1.8 ms	Fufutani Kokha
1	0	1.8 ms	Lembani Pokha
1	1	–	Zasungidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo

Pang'ono 3 - EERIE: EEPROM Yokonzeka Kusokoneza Yambitsani

Kulemba EERIE kwa imodzi kumathandizira EEPROM Ready Interrupt ngati I-bit mu SREG yakhazikitsidwa. Kulemba EERIE mpaka zero kumathetsa kusokoneza. Kusokonekera kwa EEPROM Okonzeka kumapangitsa kusokonekera kosasintha pamene kukumbukira kosasunthika kukukonzekera mapulogalamu.

Bit 2 - EEMPE: Pulogalamu Ya Master ya EEPROM Yambitsani

Chidutswa cha EEMPE chimatsimikizira ngati kulemba EEPE kwa imodzi kudzakhala ndi zotsatira kapena ayi.

EEMPE ikakhazikitsidwa, kukhazikitsa EEPE mkati mwazungulira maora anayi kudzakhazikitsa EEPROM ku adilesi yomwe yasankhidwa. Ngati EEMPE ndi zero, kukhazikitsa EEPE sikungakhale ndi zotsatirapo. EEMPE ikalembedwera limodzi ndi mapulogalamu, zida zamagetsi zimachotsa pang'ono mpaka patadutsa nthawi zinayi.

Bit 1 - EEPE: Pulogalamu ya EEPROM Yambitsani

Pulogalamu ya EEPROM Yambitsani Chizindikiro EEPE ndiye pulogalamu yomwe imathandizira ku EEPROM. Pamene EEPE idalembedwa, EEPROM idzakonzedwa molingana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma EEPMn bits. Bulu la EEMPE liyenera kulembedwa kwa mmodzi asanalembedwe zomveka ku EEPE, apo ayi palibe kulemba kwa EEPROM komwe kumachitika. Nthawi yolembera ikadutsa, chidutswa cha EEPE chimachotsedwa ndi zida. Pamene EEPE yakhazikitsidwa, CPU imayimitsidwa kwa magawo awiri malangizo asanafike.

Pang'ono 0 - PANO: EEPROM Werengani Yambitsani

EEPROM Read Enable Signal - EERE - ndiye strobe yowerengera ku EEPROM. Adilesi yoyenera ikakhazikitsidwa mu EEAR Register, chidutswa cha EERE chiyenera kulembedwa kuti chitsogolere EEPROM kuwerenga. Kuwerenga kwa EEPROM kumatenga malangizo amodzi, ndipo zomwe mwapempha zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo. EEPROM ikawerengedwa, CPU imayimitsidwa kwamizere inayi malangizo asanafike. Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuwunika pang'ono EEPE asanayambe kuwerenga. Ngati ntchito yolemba ikuchitika, sikutheka kuwerengera EEPROM, kapena kusintha Kalata ya EEAR.

Njira Zosankha Clock ndi Clock

Machitidwe a Clock ndi Kugawa kwawo

CPU Clock

Wotchi ya CPU imayendetsedwa kumadera ena okhudzana ndi ntchito ya AVR pachimake. Eksampena mwa ma module amenewa ndi General Purpose Register File, Kaundula wa Status ndi Memory Data yomwe ili ndi Stack Pointer. Kuyimitsa wotchi ya CPU kumalepheretsa pakatikati kugwira ntchito ndi kuwerengera.

Ola O / O - clkI / O

Wotchi ya I / O imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndimitundu yambiri ya I / O, monga Timer / Counter. Wotchi ya I / O imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi gawo lakunja la Kusokoneza, koma zindikirani kuti zosokoneza zina zakunja zimadziwika ndi malingaliro osakanikirana, kulola kusokonekera kotere kuti kuzindikiridwe ngakhale wotchi ya I / O itayimitsidwa.

Flash Clock - clkFLASH

Mawotchi a Flash amawongolera magwiridwe antchito a Flash interface. Nthawi ya Flash imagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi nthawi ya CPU.

ADC Clock - clkADC

ADC imapatsidwa malo okhala ndi nthawi. Izi zimalola kuyimitsa mawotchi a CPU ndi I / O kuti muchepetse phokoso lomwe limapangidwa ndi oyendetsa digito. Izi zimapereka zotsatira zolondola zakusintha kwa ADC.

Internal PLL ya Fast Peripheral Clock Generation - clkPCK

PLL yamkati mu ATtiny25 / 45/85 imapanga mafupipafupi ola omwe amakhala 8x kuchulukitsa kuchokera pagwero lowonjezera. Pokhapokha, PLL imagwiritsa ntchito zotulutsa zamkati, 8.0 MHz RC oscillator ngati gwero. Kapenanso, ngati pang'ono LSM ya PLLCSR yakonzedwa PLL idzagwiritsa ntchito zotulutsa za RC oscillator yogawika awiri. Chifukwa chake kutulutsa kwa PLL, wotchi yotumphuka mwachangu ndi 64 MHz. Wotchi yotumphukira mwachangu, kapena wotchi yoyendetsedwa pamenepo, imatha kusankhidwa ngati gwero la wotchi ya Timer / Counter1 kapena ngati wotchi yoyeserera. Mwawona Chithunzi 6-2. Mafupipafupi a wotchi yothamanga yothamanga amagawidwa ndi awiri pamene LSM ya PLLCSR yakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawotchi afupike a 32 MHz. Zindikirani, kuti LSM siyingakhazikitsidwe ngati PLLCLK ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wotchi yadongosolo.

Chithunzi 6-2. PCK Kutseka System.

PLL yatsekedwa pa RC oscillator ndikusintha ma RC oscillator kudzera pa kaundula ya OSCCAL kumasintha nthawi yolowera nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, ngakhale oscillator wa RC atengeredwa pafupipafupi kuposa 8 MHz, mawotchi othamanga othamanga amakhala pa 85 MHz (zoyipa kwambiri) ndipo amakhalabe osasunthika pafupipafupi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti PLL pankhaniyi sikutsekedwanso ndi wotchi ya RC oscillator. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisatenge zosintha za OSCCAL pafupipafupi kuposa 8 MHz kuti PLL ikhale yoyenerera.

PLL yamkati imathandizidwa pamene:

PLLE pang'ono mu kaundula wa PLLCSR yakhazikitsidwa.

Fuse ya CKSEL idakonzedwa kuti ikhale '0001'.

Fuse ya CKSEL idakonzedwa kuti ikhale '0011'.

PLLCSR bit PLOCK imayikidwa pamene PLL yatsekedwa. Zonse zamkati za RC oscillator ndi PLL zimazimitsidwa mu mphamvu pansi ndi njira zogona.

Internal PLL mu ATtiny15 Njira Yogwirizana

Popeza ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndichida chosunthira anthu ogwiritsa ntchito ATtiny15 pali mawonekedwe a ATtiny15 ofananirana kumbuyo. Njira yofananira ya ATtiny15 imasankhidwa ndikuyika mapulogalamu a CKSEL ku '0011'.

Mumayendedwe a ATtiny15 mafupipafupi a RC oscillator amakonzedwa mpaka 6.4 MHz ndipo chinthu chochulukitsa cha PLL chayikidwa 4x. Mwawona Chithunzi 6-3. Ndi kusintha kumeneku kachitidwe kotsekera ndi kogwirizana ndi ATtiny15 ndipo wotchi yotumphukira mwachangu imakhala ndi pafupipafupi 25.6 MHz (chimodzimodzi ndi ATtiny15).

Chithunzi 6-3. PCK Clock System mu ATtiny15 Compatibility Mode.

Zotsatira za Clock

Chipangizocho chili ndi njira zamawotchi zotsatirazi, zosankhidwa ndi mabatani a Flash Fuse monga akuwonetsera pansipa. Wotchi yochokera pagwero lomwe mwasankha ndi yolowetsa kwa jenereta ya wotchi ya AVR, ndikupita kuma module oyenera.

Gulu 6-1. Chipangizo Chotsekera Zosankha Sankhani

Njira Yotseka Chipangizo	KUKHALA[3:0](1)
Koloko Yakunja (onani tsamba 26)	0000
Kuthamanga Kwakukulu Kwambiri PLL Clock (onani tsamba 26)	0001
Chizindikiro Chamkati cha Oscillator (onani tsamba 27)	0010(2)
Chizindikiro Chamkati cha Oscillator (onani tsamba 27)	0011(3)
Mkati 128 kHz Oscillator (onani tsamba 28)	0100
Low-pafupipafupi Crystal Oscillator (onani tsamba 29)	0110
Crystal Oscillator / Ceramic Resonator (onani tsamba 29)	1000-1111
Zosungidwa	0101, 0111

Kwa mafyuzi onse "1" amatanthauza osakonzedwa pomwe "0" amatanthauza kusinthidwa.

Chidacho chimatumizidwa ndikusankha uku.

Izi zisankha Njira Yoyenerana ya ATtiny15, pomwe koloko yamagawidwe imagawika ndi zinayi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala ndiwotchi ya 1.6 MHz. Kuti mumve zambiri, onani “Calibrated Internal Oscillator” patsamba 27.

Zosankha zosiyanasiyana pakusankha kulikonse zimaperekedwa m'magawo otsatirawa. CPU ikadzuka kuchokera ku Power-down, gwero losankhidwa la wotchi limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yoyambira, kuwonetsetsa kuti Oscillator ikugwira ntchito isanakwane. CPU ikayamba kukonzanso, pamakhala kuchedwetsa kwina kulola mphamvuyo kuti ifike pamkhalidwe wolimba isanayambe kugwira ntchito. Watchdog Oscillator imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatula gawo lenileni la nthawi yoyambira. Chiwerengero cha mayendedwe a WDT Oscillator omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse ikatulutsidwa Gulu 6-2.

Gulu 6-2. Chiwerengero cha Watchdog Oscillator Cycles

Nthawi Yotuluka	Nambala ya Zozungulira
4 ms	512
64 ms	8K (8,192)

Koloko Yakunja

Kuti muyendetse chipangizochi kuchokera pagwero lakunja, CLKI iyenera kuyendetsedwa monga zikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 6-4. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito pulogalamuyo pa wotchi yakunja, ma Fus CKSEL akuyenera kukhala "00".

Chithunzi 6-4. Kusintha kwa Clock Drive Configuration

Chitsimechi chikasankhidwa, nthawi zoyambira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ma FUT a SUT monga akuwonetsera Gulu 6-3.

Gulu 6-3. Nthawi Yoyambira Kusankha Koloko Yakunja

ZOTHANDIZA[1:0]	Yoyambitsa Nthawi kuchokera pa Power-down	Kuchedwetsa kwina kuchokera kukonzanso	Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kovomerezeka
00	6 CK ndi	14CK	BOD yathandiza
01	6 CK ndi	14CK + 4 ms	Mphamvu yakukwera mwachangu
10	6 CK ndi	14CK + 64 ms	Mphamvu ikukwera pang'onopang'ono
11	Zosungidwa

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito wotchi yakunja, muyenera kupewa kusintha kwadzidzidzi pafupipafupi kwa nthawi kuti muwonetsetse kuti MCU ikugwira bwino ntchito. Kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kopitilira 2% kuchokera pawotchi imodzi kupita ku yotsatira kumatha kubweretsa machitidwe osayembekezereka. Zimayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti MCU imasungidwa mu Reset pakusintha kotereku.

Dziwani kuti System Clock Presale itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa kusintha kwa nthawi yothamanga kwamkati mwa wotchi kwinaku ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino. Tchulani "System Clock Prescaler" patsamba 31 zatsatanetsatane.

Kuthamanga Kwakukulu Kwambiri PLL Clock

Pali mkati mwa PLL yomwe imapatsa 64 MHz wotchi yotsekedwa ku RC Oscillator kuti igwiritse ntchito Peripheral Timer / Counter1 komanso gwero la wotchi. Mukasankhidwa kukhala gwero la wotchi, pokonza pulogalamu ya CKSEL ku '0001', imagawidwa ndi zinayi monga zikuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 6-4.

Gulu 6-4. Mitundu Yogwiritsa Ntchito Ma Clock Apamwamba a PLL

KUKHALA[3:0]	Kuyenda Mwadzina
0001	16 MHz

Gwero la wotchi ikasankhidwa, nthawi zoyambira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mafyuzi a SUT monga akuwonetsera Gulu 6-5.

Gulu 6-5. Nthawi Zoyambira za High Frequency PLL Clock

ZOTHANDIZA[1:0]	Yoyambitsa Nthawi kuchokera ku Power Down	Kuchedwerako kowonjezera kuchokera ku Kukhazikitsanso Mphamvu (VCC = 5.0V)	Kugwiritsa ntchito kovomerezeka
00	14CK + 1K (1024) CK + 4 ms	4 ms	BOD yathandiza

Gulu 6-5. Nthawi Zoyambira za High Frequency PLL Clock

ZOTHANDIZA[1:0]	Yoyambitsa Nthawi kuchokera ku Power Down	Kuchedwerako kowonjezera kuchokera ku Kukhazikitsanso Mphamvu (VCC = 5.0V)	Kugwiritsa ntchito kovomerezeka
01	14CK + 16K (16384) CK + 4 ms	4 ms	Mphamvu yakukwera mwachangu
10	14CK + 1K (1024) CK + 64 ms	4 ms	Mphamvu ikukwera pang'onopang'ono
11	14CK + 16K (16384) CK + 64 ms	4 ms	Mphamvu ikukwera pang'onopang'ono

Chizindikiro Chamkati cha Oscillator

Mwachikhazikitso, Internal RC Oscillator imapereka wotchi pafupifupi 8.0 MHz. Ngakhale voltage ndi kutentha kumadalira, wotchi iyi ikhoza kuyesedwa molondola kwambiri ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Mwaona “Yoyesedwa Mkati mwa RC Oscillator Accu- racy ”patsamba 164 ndi "Kuthamanga kwa Internal Oscillator" patsamba 192 kuti mumve zambiri. Chipangizocho chimatumizidwa ndi Fuse ya CKDIV8. Mwawona "System Clock Prescaler" patsamba 31 kuti mumve zambiri.

Wotchi iyi ikhoza kusankhidwa ngati koloko yadongosolo potulutsa ma Fus CKSEL monga akuwonetsera Tebulo 6-6 patsamba

27. Ngati yasankhidwa, idzagwira ntchito yopanda zinthu zakunja. Pakukonzanso, zida zamagetsi zimanyamula mtengo woyikiratu womwe umakonzedweratu mu Register ya OSCCAL ndipo potero umasanja RC Oscillator. Kulondola kwa kusinthaku kukuwonetsedwa ngati kusanja kwa Factory mu Tebulo 21-2 patsamba 164.

Posintha kaundula wa OSCCAL kuchokera ku SW, onani "OSCCAL - Register ya Oscillator Calibration" patsamba 31, ndizotheka kupeza kulondola kwamphamvu kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito fakitore yoyerekeza. Kulondola kwa kusinthaku kukuwonetsedwa ngati Kusintha kwa ogwiritsa mu Tebulo 21-2 patsamba 164.

Pamene Oscillator iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wotchi ya chip, Watchdog Oscillator idzagwiritsidwabe ntchito pa Watchdog Timer komanso pa Reset Time-out. Kuti mumve zambiri zamtengo wakonzekereratu, onani gawolo "Cali- brates Bytes ”patsamba 150.

Oscillator wamkati amathanso kukhazikitsa nthawi ya 6.4 MHz polemba mafyuzi a CKSEL ku "0011", monga akuwonetsera mu Gulu 6-6 pansipa. Makondawa adatchulidwanso kuti ATtiny15 Compatibility Mode ndipo cholinga chake ndi kupereka magwero a ola limodzi ku 6.4 MHz, monga ku ATtiny15. Mu Njira Yogwirizana ya ATtiny15 PLL imagwiritsa ntchito oscillator yamkati yoyenda pa 6.4 MHz kuti ipange chizindikiro cha wotchi ya 25.6 MHz ya Timer / Counter1 (onani "8-bit Timer / Counter1 mkati Njira ya ATtiny15 ”patsamba 95). Dziwani kuti muntchito imeneyi siginecha ya 6.4 MHz imagawidwa nthawi zonse ndi zinayi, ndikupereka wotchi ya 1.6 MHz.

Gulu 6-6. Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator Oscillator Operating Modes

KUKHALA[3:0]	Kuyenda Mwadzina
0010(1)	8.0 MHz
0011(2)	6.4 MHz

Chidacho chimatumizidwa ndikusankha uku.

Makondawa amasankha Njira Yoyenerana ya ATtiny15, pomwe koloko yamagetsi imagawika ndi zinayi, zomwe zimayambitsa mafupipafupi a 1.6 MHz.

Pamene osanjikiza mkati mwa 8 MHz oscillator amasankhidwa ngati gwero la wotchi nthawi zoyambira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ma FUS a SUT monga akuwonetsera Gulu 6-7 pansipa.

Gulu 6-7. Nthawi Zoyambira za Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator Clock

ZOTHANDIZA[1:0]	Yoyambitsa Nthawi kuchokera pa Power-down	Kuchedwa kwina kuchokera ku Kukonzanso (VCC = 5.0V)	Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kovomerezeka
00	6 CK ndi	14CK(1)	BOD yathandiza
01	6 CK ndi	14CK + 4 ms	Mphamvu yakukwera mwachangu
10(2)	6 CK ndi	14CK + 64 ms	Mphamvu ikukwera pang'onopang'ono
11	Zosungidwa

1. Ngati fuseti ya RSTDISBL idakonzedwa, nthawi yoyambitsayi idzawonjezeredwa ku 14CK + 4 ms kuti muwonetsetse kuti pulogalamu yama pulogalamu ingalowe.
2. Chipangizocho chimatumizidwa ndikusankha uku.

Mu nthawi zoyambira zogwirizira za ATtiny15 zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ma fuseti a SUT monga akuwonetsera Gulu 6-8 pansipa.

Gulu 6-8. Nthawi Zoyambira za Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator Clock (mu ATtiny15 Mode)

ZOTHANDIZA[1:0]	Yoyambitsa Nthawi kuchokera pa Power-down	Kuchedwa kwina kuchokera ku Kukonzanso (VCC = 5.0V)	Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kovomerezeka
00	6 CK ndi	14CK + 64 ms
01	6 CK ndi	14CK + 64 ms
10	6 CK ndi	14CK + 4 ms
11	1 CK ndi	14CK(1)

Zindikirani: Ngati fusesi ya RSTDISBL yakonzedwa, nthawi yoyambira iyi idzawonjezeka kufika pa 14CK + 4 ms kuonetsetsa kuti pulogalamuyo ilowetsedwa.

Mwachidule, zambiri pa ATtiny15 Njira Yogwirizirana zitha kupezeka m'magawo "Port B (PB5: PB0)" pa tsamba 2, "Internal PLL mu ATtiny15 Njira Yogwirizirana" patsamba 24, "8-bit Timer / Counter1 mu Njira ya ATtiny15" pa tsamba 95, "Malire a debugWIRE" patsamba 140, “Calibration Bytes” patsamba 150 komanso patebulo “Woyang'anira Wotchi Sankhani ”patsamba 33.

Mkati 128 kHz Oscillator

The 128 kHz mkati Oscillator ndi otsika mphamvu Oscillator kupereka wotchi ya 128 kHz. Ma frequency ndi mwadzina pa 3V ndi 25 ° C. Wotchi iyi ikhoza kusankhidwa ngati wotchi yadongosolo pokonza ma Fuse a CKSEL ku "0100".

Chitsimechi chikasankhidwa, nthawi zoyambira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ma FUT a SUT monga akuwonetsera Gulu 6-9.

Gulu 6-9. Nthawi zoyambira kwa 128 kHz Internal Oscillator

ZOTHANDIZA[1:0]	Yoyambitsa Nthawi kuchokera pa Power-down	Kuchedwetsa kwina kuchokera kukonzanso	Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kovomerezeka
00	6 CK ndi	14CK(1)	BOD yathandiza
01	6 CK ndi	14CK + 4 ms	Mphamvu yakukwera mwachangu
10	6 CK ndi	14CK + 64 ms	Mphamvu ikukwera pang'onopang'ono
11	Zosungidwa

Zindikirani: Ngati fusesi ya RSTDISBL yakonzedwa, nthawi yoyambira iyi idzawonjezeka kufika pa 14CK + 4 ms kuonetsetsa kuti pulogalamuyo ilowetsedwa.

Low-pafupipafupi Crystal Oscillator

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kristalo wotchi ya 32.768 kHz ngati koloko wa chipangizocho, Low-frequency Crystal Oscillator iyenera kusankhidwa pokhazikitsa mafyuzi a CKSEL kukhala '0110'. Kristalo iyenera kulumikizidwa monga zikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 6-5. Kuti mupeze ma capacitance oyenera a makina a 32.768 kHz, chonde lembani zolumikizira zaopanga.

Oscillator iyi ikasankhidwa, nthawi zoyambira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mafyuzi a SUT monga akuwonetsera Gulu 6-10.

Gulu 6-10. Nthawi Yoyambira Kusankha Koloko Yotsika ya Crystal Oscillator

ZOTHANDIZA[1:0]	Yoyambitsa Nthawi kuchokera ku Power Down	Kuchedwa kwina kuchokera ku Kukonzanso (VCC = 5.0V)	Kugwiritsa ntchito kovomerezeka
00	Zamgululi1K (1024) CK(1)	4 ms	Mphamvu yakukwera mwachangu kapena BOD imathandizidwa
01	Zamgululi1K (1024) CK(1)	64 ms	Mphamvu ikukwera pang'onopang'ono
10	Zamgululi32K (32768) CK	64 ms	Khola pafupipafupi poyambira
11	Zosungidwa

Zindikirani: Zosankhazi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati kukhazikika kwafupipafupi poyambitsa sikofunikira.

Low-frequency Crystal Oscillator imapereka mphamvu zamkati zamkati, onani Gulu 6-11 pa pini iliyonse ya TOSC.

Gulu 6-11. Mphamvu ya Low-Frequency Crystal Oscillator

Chipangizo	32 kHz Osc. Lembani	Kapu (Xtal1 / Tosc1)	Kapu (Xtal2 / Tosc2)
Chotsatira25 / 45/85	System Osc.	16 pf	6 pf

Crystal Oscillator / Ceramic Resonator

XTAL1 ndi XTAL2 ndizolowera ndikutulutsa, motsatana, za inverting ampLifier yomwe imatha kukhazikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati On-chip Oscillator, monga zikuwonekera Chithunzi 6-5. Kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kristalo wa quartz kapena ceramic resonator.

C1 ndi C2 ziyenera kukhala zofanana nthawi zonse makhiristo ndi ma resonator. Kufunika koyenera kwa ma capacitor kumadalira kristalo kapena resonator yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yosokera, komanso phokoso lamagetsi lachilengedwe. Malangizo ena oyambira posankha ma capacitor oti agwiritse ntchito ndi makhiristo amaperekedwa Gulu 6-12 pansipa. Kwa ma resonator a ceramic, ma capacitor omwe amapangidwa ndi wopanga ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Gulu 6-12. Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Crystal Oscillator

KUKHALA[3:1]	Chiwerengero chafupipafupi (MHz)	Mtundu Wotsimikizika wa Ma Capacitors C1 ndi C2 Ogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Makandulo (pF)
100(1)	0.4-0.9	–
101	0.9-3.0	12-22
110	3.0-8.0	12-22
111	8.0 -	12-22

Zindikirani: Izi siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makhiristo, koma ndi ma resonator a ceramic.

Oscillator imatha kugwira ntchito m'njira zitatu zosiyanasiyana, iliyonse imakwaniritsidwa pafupipafupi. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito imasankhidwa ndi mafyuzi CKSEL [3: 1] monga akuwonetsera Gulu 6-12.

Fuse ya CKSEL0 limodzi ndi SUT [1: 0] Fuses amasankha nthawi zoyambira monga zikuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 6-13.

Gulu 6-13. Nthawi Yoyambira Kusankha Koloko ya Crystal Oscillator

CKSEL0	ZOTHANDIZA[1:0]	Yoyambitsa Nthawi kuchokera pa Power-down	Kuchedwetsa kwina kuchokera kukonzanso	Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kovomerezeka
0	00	258 CK ndi(1)	14CK + 4 ms	Ceramic resonator, mphamvu yokwera mwachangu
0	01	258 CK ndi(1)	14CK + 64 ms	Ceramic resonator, pang'onopang'ono ikukwera mphamvu
0	10	Zamgululi1K (1024) CK(2)	14CK	Ceramic resonator, BOD imathandizidwa
0	11	Zamgululi1K (1024) CK(2)	14CK + 4 ms	Ceramic resonator, mphamvu yokwera mwachangu
1	00	Zamgululi1K (1024) CK(2)	14CK + 64 ms	Ceramic resonator, pang'onopang'ono ikukwera mphamvu
1	01	Zamgululi16K (16384) CK	14CK	Crystal Oscillator, BOD imathandizidwa
1	10	Zamgululi16K (16384) CK	14CK + 4 ms	Crystal Oscillator, mphamvu yomwe ikukwera mwachangu
1	11	Zamgululi16K (16384) CK	14CK + 64 ms	Crystal Oscillator, ikukwera pang'onopang'ono mphamvu

Zolemba

Zosankhazi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati sizikugwira ntchito pafupipafupi pazida, pokhapokha ngati kukhazikika kwamafupipafupi poyambira sikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Izi sizoyenera makhiristo.

Zosankhazi zimapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma ceramic resonators ndipo ziziwonetsetsa kuti pafupipafupi pakukhazikika. Zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi makhiristo ngati sakugwira ntchito pafupi ndi kutalika kwa chipangizocho, ndipo ngati kulimba kwanthawi yayitali sikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito.

Chosintha Clock Clock

Chipangizocho chimatumizidwa ndi CKSEL = "0010", SUT = "10", ndi CKDIV8 yokonzedwa. Kuyika kwa wotchi yokhazikika ndiye kuti Internal RC Oscillator yomwe ikuyenda pa 8 MHz yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri yoyambira komanso mawotchi oyambilira a 8, zomwe zimapangitsa wotchi ya 1.0 MHz. Zosintha zosasinthazi zimatsimikizira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito onse atha kupanga mawotchi omwe akufuna pogwiritsa ntchito In-System kapena High-vol.tagndi Wopanga mapulogalamu.

System Clock Prescaler

Mawotchi a ATtiny25 / 45/85 atha kugawidwa ndikukhazikitsa “CLKPR - Clock Prescale Register” patsamba 32. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ngati mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yachepa. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zosankha zonse za mawotchi, ndipo zidzakhudza ma frequency a CPU ndi zotumphukira zonse zofananira. clkI/O, clkADC, clkCPU, ndi clkFLASH amagawidwa ndi chinthu monga momwe chikusonyezedwera mu Tebulo 6-15 patsamba 33.

Kusintha Nthawi

Mukamasinthana pakati pamakonzedwe agalimoto, System Clock Prescaler imatsimikizira kuti palibe zotumphukira zomwe zimachitika munthawi ya wotchi komanso kuti mulibe pafupipafupi kuposa nthawi yomwe ikufanana ndi nthawi yapita, kapenanso nthawi yolumikizana ndi nthawi yatsopano.

Makina othamanga omwe amagwiritsira ntchito woperekayo amayenda pafupipafupi nthawi, yomwe imatha kuthamanga kuposa ma frequency a CPU. Chifukwa chake, sikutheka kudziwa momwe wodwalayo alili - ngakhale atakhala kuti amawerengedwa, ndipo nthawi yeniyeni yomwe amatenga kuchoka pagawoli kupita ku linzake sizinganenedweretu.

Kuyambira nthawi yomwe zilembo za CLKPS zalembedwa, zimatenga pakati pa T1 + T2 ndi T1 + 2 * T2 isanakwane nthawi yatsopano. Pakadutsidwe kameneka, m'mbali mwake munapangidwa ma 2. Apa, T1 ndiye nthawi yam'mbuyomu, ndipo T2 ndi nthawi yolingana ndi makonzedwe atsopanowa.

Cuff Output Buffer

Chipangizocho chimatha kutulutsa koloko ya kachitidwe pa pini ya CLKO (ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pini ya XTAL2). Kuti athe kutulutsa, Fuse ya CKOUT iyenera kukonzedwa. Njirayi ndiyabwino pomwe wotchi ya chip imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa ma circuits ena pamakina. Dziwani kuti kolokoyo sidzatulutsidwa panthawi yokonzanso komanso kuti pini ya I / O siyizolowereka ikadzakonzedwa. Mkati RC Oscillator, WDT Oscillator, PLL, ndi wotchi yakunja (CLKI) imatha kusankhidwa nthawi ikamatuluka pa CLKO. Crystal oscillators (XTAL1, XTAL2) sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa koloko pa CLKO. Ngati System Clock Prescaler imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye nthawi yogawanika yomwe imatulutsidwa.

Lembani Kufotokozera

OSCCAL - Kalata ya Oscillator Calibration

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x31 pa	CAL7	CAL6	CAL5	CAL4	CAL3	CAL2	CAL1	CAL0	OSCAL
Werengani/Lembani	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W

Tinthu 7: 0 - CAL [7: 0]: Mtengo Wosankha wa Oscillator

Kalata ya Oscillator Calibration imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira Calibrated Internal RC Oscillator kuti ichotse zotsutsana ndi ma frequency oscillator. Mtengo wakukonzekereratu womwe umakonzedweratu umalembedwera ku kaundula kameneka pakukhazikitsanso chip, ndikupatsa Factory kuchuluka kwakanthawi pafupipafupi monga zafotokozedwera Tebulo 21-2 patsamba 164. Pulogalamu yamapulogalamuyi imatha kulemba kaundula kameneka kuti isinthe mafupipafupi a oscillator. Oscillator imatha kuwerengedwera kumayendedwe monga amafotokozera Tebulo 21-2 patsamba 164. Kuyika kunja kwa mtunduwo sikutsimikiziridwa.

Dziwani kuti oscillator iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufikira nthawi ya EEPROM ndi Flash kulemba, ndipo nthawi zolembazi zidzakhudzidwa moyenera. Ngati EEPROM kapena Flash idalembedwa, musayese kupitirira 8.8 MHz. Kupanda kutero, EEPROM kapena Flash kulemba zitha kulephera.

Chidutswa cha CAL7 chimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito a oscillator. Kukhazikitsa gawo ili ku 0 kumapereka pafupipafupi, kuyika gawo ili 1 kumapereka pafupipafupi kwambiri. Magawo awiri afupipafupi akulumikizana, mwa kuyankhula kwina mapangidwe a OSCCAL = 0x7F amapereka pafupipafupi kuposa OSCCAL = 0x80.

Zida za CAL [6: 0] zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse mafupipafupi mkati mwazosankhidwa. Kukhazikitsa kwa 0x00 kumapereka kutsika kotsika kwambiri pamtunduwo, ndipo kukhazikitsa 0x7F kumapereka pafupipafupi kwambiri pamlingo.

Kuonetsetsa kuti MCU ikugwira bwino ntchitoyo mtengo wosinthira uyenera kusinthidwa pang'ono. Kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kopitilira 2% kuchokera paulendo umodzi kupita kwina kumatha kubweretsa machitidwe osadziwika. Zosintha mu OSCCAL siziyenera kupitirira 0x20 pakuwerengetsa kulikonse. Zimayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti MCU imasungidwa mu Bwezeretsani pakusintha kwakanthawi kwa wotchi

Gulu 6-14. Internal RC Oscillator Frequency Range

Mtengo wa OSCCAL	Mafupipafupi Osiyanasiyana Olemekeza Ma Frequency Omwe Amadzipangira	Kawirikawiri Pafupipafupi Kwambiri Polemekeza Nthawi Yadzina
0x00 pa	50%	100%
0x3f ku	75%	150%
0x7f ku	100%	200%

CLKPR - Kulembetsa Kwama Clock Prescale

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x26 pa	Mtengo CLKPCE	–	–	–	Chithunzi cha CLKPS3	Chithunzi cha CLKPS2	Chithunzi cha CLKPS1	Chithunzi cha CLKPS0	Mtengo CLKPR
Werengani/Lembani	R/W	R	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W

Mtengo Woyamba 0 0 0 0 Onani Kufotokozera Pang'ono

Bit 7 - CLKPCE: Clock Prescaler Change Yambitsani

Chidutswa cha CLKPCE chiyenera kulembedwa kuti chimveke chimodzi kuti zisinthe ma bits a CLKPS. Chidutswa cha CLKPCE chimangosinthidwa pomwe ma bits ena ku CLKPR amalembedwera zero. CLKPCE imakonzedwa ndi zida zozungulira zinayi zikalembedwa kapena mabatani a CLKPS akalembedwa. Kulembetsanso CLKPCE pang'ono mkati mwa nthawi yopuma sikungowonjezere nthawi yopumira, kapena kuchotsa pang'ono CLKPCE.

Tinthu 6: 4 - Res: Tinthu tosungidwa

Ma bits awa ndi mabatani osungidwa mu ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndipo nthawi zonse amawerengedwa ngati zero.

Bits 3: 0 - CLKPS [3: 0]: Clock Prescaler Sankhani Biti 3 - 0

Ma bits amenewa amatanthauzira magawano pakati pa gwero la wotchi yosankhidwa ndi wotchi yamkati. Ma bits awa amatha kulembedwa nthawi yothamanga kuti asinthe mawotchi kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Wopatulira akamagawaniza nthawi yolowera ku MCU, kuthamanga kwa zinthu zonse zolumikizirana kumachepetsedwa pamene gawo logawanika ligwiritsidwa ntchito. Zigawidwe zimaperekedwa Gulu 6-15.

Pofuna kupewa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mawotchi, njira yolembera iyenera kutsatiridwa kuti musinthe ma bits a CLKPS:

Lembani Clock Prescaler Change Change Enable (CLKPCE) pang'ono mpaka ku CLKPR mpaka zero.

Pakadutsa magawo anayi, lembani mtengo womwe mukufuna ku CLKPS pomwe mulemba zero ku CLKPCE.

Zododometsa ziyenera kukhala zolemala posintha makonzedwe azachipatala kuti zitsimikizike kuti njira zolembera sizisokonezedwa.

Fuse ya CKDIV8 imatsimikizira mtengo woyambira wa ma bits a CLKPS. Ngati CKDIV8 sinakonzedwe, ma CLKPS asinthidwa kukhala "0000". Ngati CKDIV8 yakonzedwa, ma CLKPS amasinthidwa kukhala "0011", ndikupatsa magawo asanu ndi atatu poyambira. Izi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la wotchi yosankhidwayo ili ndi ma frequency apamwamba kuposa ma frequency a chipangizocho pamayendedwe apano. Dziwani kuti mtengo uliwonse ukhoza kulembedwa ku ma bits a CLKPS mosasamala kanthu za CKDIV8 Fuse. Pulogalamu ya Application iyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti gawo logawanika ndilokwanira

amasankhidwa ngati gwero losankhidwa la wotchi limakhala ndi pafupipafupi kuposa pafupipafupi pazida zomwe zikugwira ntchito pano. Chipangizocho chimatumizidwa ndi Fuse ya CKDIV8.

Gulu 6-15. Clock Prescaler Sankhani

Chithunzi cha CLKPS3	Chithunzi cha CLKPS2	Chithunzi cha CLKPS1	Chithunzi cha CLKPS0	Clock Division Factor
0	0	0	0	1
0	0	0	1	2
0	0	1	0	4
0	0	1	1	8
0	1	0	0	16
0	1	0	1	32
0	1	1	0	64
0	1	1	1	128
1	0	0	0	256
1	0	0	1	Zosungidwa
1	0	1	0	Zosungidwa
1	0	1	1	Zosungidwa
1	1	0	0	Zosungidwa
1	1	0	1	Zosungidwa
1	1	1	0	Zosungidwa
1	1	1	1	Zosungidwa

Zindikirani: Prescaler ndiyoyimitsidwa mumayendedwe a ATtiny15 ndipo kusalembera ku CLKPR, kapena kukonza fusesi ya CKDIV8 sikukhudza wotchi yadongosolo (yomwe nthawi zonse idzakhala 1.6 MHz).

Kusamalira Mphamvu ndi Njira Zogona

Magwiridwe antchito ndi makina otsogola otsogola amapangitsa ma microcontroller a AVR kusankha kwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zogonera zimathandizira kuti pulogalamuyi izitseke ma module omwe sagwiritsidwe ntchito mu MCU, potero amapulumutsa mphamvu. AVR imapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zogona zomwe zimalola wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.

Njira Zogona

Chithunzi 6-1 patsamba 23 imapereka mawotchi osiyanasiyana ndi magawidwe awo ku ATtiny25 / 45/85. Chiwerengerocho ndi chothandiza posankha njira yoyenera yogona. Gulu 7-1 imawonetsera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogona ndi magwero awo omwe amadzuka.

Gulu 7-1. Ma Clock Domains Ogwira Ntchito ndi Zochokera Kudzuka M'njira Zosiyanasiyana Zogona

Madera Othandizira Clock

Oscillators

Zowonjezera

Njira Yogona

clkCPU

clkFLASH

clkIO

clkADC

clkPCK

Chitsime Clock Chachikulu Chathandizidwa

INT0 ndi Pin Change

SPM / EEPROM

Okonzeka

USI Yambani Mkhalidwe

ADC

Zina I/O

Woyang'anira Dumitsani

Wopanda ntchito

Kuchepetsa Phokoso la ADC

X(1)

Mphamvu-pansi

X(1)

Chidziwitso: Kwa INT0, kusokoneza mulingo wokha.

Kuti mulowe munjira iliyonse yogona, SE pang'ono mu MCUCR iyenera kulembedwa kuti imveke chimodzi ndipo malangizo a SLEEP akuyenera kuchitidwa. Ma SM [1: 0] omwe ali mu MCUCR Register amasankha njira yogona (Idle, ADC Noise Reduction kapena Power-down) yomwe ingayambitsidwe ndi malangizo a SLEEP. Mwawona Gulu 7-2 mwachidule.

Ngati kusokoneza kothandizidwa kumachitika pomwe MCU ili m'tulo, MCU imadzuka. MCU imayimitsidwa kwa mikombero inayi kuwonjezera pa nthawi yoyambira, imagwira ntchito yosokoneza, ndikuyambanso kuphedwa kuchokera ku malangizo otsatirawa KULALA. Zomwe zili mu Register File ndi SRAM sizimasinthidwa pamene chipangizocho chimadzuka ku tulo. Ngati kukonzanso kumachitika mukamagona, MCU imadzuka ndikutulutsa kuchokera ku Bwezerani Vector.

Zindikirani: ngati mulingo womwe wayambitsa kusokoneza ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pakudzuka, mulingo wosinthidwa uyenera kuchitidwa kwakanthawi kudzutsa MCU (ndipo kuti MCU ilowe muzosokoneza). Mwaona "Zododometsa Zakunja" patsamba 49 zatsatanetsatane.

Njira Yopanda Ntchito

Pamene ma SM [1: 0] bits alembedwa ku 00, malangizo a SLEEP amapangitsa MCU kulowa mu Idle mode, kuyimitsa CPU koma kulola Analog Comparator, ADC, USI, Timer / Counter, Watchdog, ndi dongosolo losokoneza kuti lipitirize kugwira ntchito- kulira. Kugona kumeneku kwenikweni kumayimitsa clkCPU ndi clkFLASH, kwinaku akulola mawotchi enawo kuthamanga.

Njira zopanda pake imathandizira MCU kudzuka kuchokera pazoyambitsa zakunja komanso zamkati monga Timer Overflow. Ngati kudzuka kuchokera ku Analog Comparator kudodometsa sikufunika, Analog Comparator ikhoza kuyendetsedwa ndikukhazikitsa ACD pang'ono "ACSR - Analog Comparator Control and Status Register" patsamba 120. Izi zichepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamagetsi mumachitidwe opanda pake. Ngati ADC ikuthandizidwa, kutembenuka kumayamba pomwe mawonekedwewa alowa.

Njira Yochepetsera Phokoso la ADC

Pamene ma SM [1: 0] bits alembedwa ku 01, malangizo a SLEEP amapangitsa MCU kulowa mu ADC Noise Reduction mode, kuyimitsa CPU koma kulola ADC, kusokoneza kunja, ndi Watchdog kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito (ngati athandizidwa). Kugona kumeneku kumayimitsa clkI/O, clkCPU, ndi clkFLASH, kwinaku akulola mawotchi enawo kuthamanga.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale la ADC, ndikupangitsa kuti mayesedwe apamwamba. Ngati ADC ikuthandizidwa, kutembenuka kumayamba pomwe mawonekedwewa alowa. Kupatula mawonekedwe a ADC Kutembenuka Kwathunthu kumangosokoneza, Kubwezeretsanso Kunja kokha, Watchdog Reset, Brown-out Reset, kusokonekera kwa SPM / EEPROM, kusokonekera kwakunja kwa INT0 kapena kusinthana kwa pini kumatha kudzutsa MCU kuchokera ku Kuchepetsa Phokoso la ADC mawonekedwe.

Mphamvu-pansi mumalowedwe

Makina a SM [1: 0] akalembedwera 10, malangizo a SLEEP amachititsa kuti MCU ilowetse Power-down mode. Mwanjira imeneyi, Oscillator imayimitsidwa, pomwe zakunja zimasokoneza, USI imayamba kuzindikira momwe zinthu ziliri ndipo Watchdog ikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito (ngati ingathandize). Kubwezeretsa Kunja kokha, Watchdog Reset, Brown-out Reset, USI kuyambitsa kusokoneza, kulowererapo kwakunja pa INT0 kapena kusinthana kwa pini kumatha kudzutsa MCU. Kugona kumeneku kumayimitsa mawotchi onse opangidwa, kulola kuyendetsa ma module a asynchronous okha.

Mapulogalamu BOD Imitsani

Chowotchera cha Brown-out (BOD) chikayatsidwa ndi fuses la BODLEVEL (onani Tebulo 20-4 patsamba 148), BOD ikuyang'anira mwachangu kuchuluka kwamagetsitage panthawi ya kugona. Pazida zina ndizotheka kusunga mphamvu poletsa BOD ndi pulogalamu mu Power-Down sleep mode. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yogona idzakhala pamlingo wofanana ndi pamene BOD imayimitsidwa padziko lonse ndi fuse.

Ngati BOD imayimitsidwa ndi mapulogalamu, ntchito ya BOD imatsekedwa mwamsanga mutangolowa m'malo ogona. Mukadzuka kutulo, BOD imayatsidwanso yokha. Izi zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kotetezeka ngati mlingo wa VCC watsika panthawi yogona.

BOD ikakhala yolumala, nthawi yodzuka ku tulo tomwe timakhala yofanana ndi yomwe imadzuka ku RESET. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kukonza nthawi yakudzuka kuti bandgap ikhale ndi nthawi yoyambira ndipo BOD ikugwira ntchito moyenera MCU isanapitirize kuchita code. Onani SUT [1: 0] ndi CKSEL [3: 0] lama fuyusi omwe ali patebulo “Fuse Low Byte” patsamba 149

Kulepheretsa BOD kuyang'aniridwa ndi BODS (BOD Sleep) pang'ono pa MCU Control Register, onani “MCUCR - Kulamulira kwa MCU Lembetsani ”patsamba 37. Kulemba chidutswa chimodzi kumazimitsa BOD mu Power-Down, pomwe kulemba zero kumateteza BOD kugwira ntchito. Makonda osakhazikika ndi zero, mwachitsanzo BOD ikugwira ntchito.

Kulembera ku BODS pang'ono kumayang'aniridwa ndi dongosolo la nthawi yake ndikuloleza pang'ono, onani "MCUCR - MCU Yoyang'anira Regis- ter ”patsamba 37.

Zolepheretsa

Ntchito yolimbitsa thupi ya BOD yakwaniritsidwa pazida izi, kokha:

ATtiny25, kukonzanso E, ndi zatsopano

ATtiny45, kukonzanso D, ndi zatsopano

ATtiny85, kukonzanso C, ndi zatsopano

Zosintha zimadziwika phukusi la chipangizocho ndipo zimatha kupezeka motere:

Pansi pamapangidwe 8P3 ndi 8S2

Mbali yakumtunda ya 20M1

Kulembetsa Kuchepetsa Mphamvu

Kalata Yochepetsa Mphamvu (PRR), onani "PRR - Register Yochepetsera Mphamvu" patsamba 38, Amapereka njira yochepetsera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamagetsi poyimitsa wotchiyo kuzipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zilipo pakadali pano ndizouma ndipo zolembetsa za I / O sizingathe kuwerengedwa kapena kulembedwa. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zotumphukira poyimitsa koloko zidzakhalabe, chifukwa chake zotumphukira nthawi zambiri zimayenera kulemala zisanayime koloko. Kudzutsa gawo, lomwe limachitika pochotsa pang'ono mu PRR, kuyika gawolo chimodzimodzi momwe zimakhalira asanatseke.

Kutseka kwa module kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mu Idle mode ndi Active mode kuti ichepetse kwambiri magetsi. Munjira zina zonse zogona, wotchiyo imayimitsidwa kale. Mwawona "Wonjezerani Zamakono za ma I / O" patsamba 177 za examples.

Kuchepetsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu

Pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira mukamayesetsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu mu njira yoyendetsedwa ndi AVR. Kawirikawiri, njira zogonera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingathere, ndipo njira yogona iyenera kusankhidwa kuti zochepa zomwe zingagwire ntchito za chipangizocho zikugwira ntchito. Ntchito zonse zosafunikira ziyenera kulephereka. Makamaka, ma module otsatirawa angafunike kulingalira mwapadera poyesa kukwaniritsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotsika kwambiri.

Analogi kuti Digital Converter

Ngati athandizidwa, ADC idzathandizidwa munjira zonse zogona. Kuti tisunge mphamvu, ADC iyenera kukhala yolumala isanalowe munjira iliyonse yogona. ADC ikazimitsidwa ndikuyambiranso, kutembenuka kotsatira kudzakhala kutembenuka kwakutali. Tchulani "Analog to Digital Converter" patsamba 122 mwatsatanetsatane wa ntchito ya ADC.

Wofananira wa Analog

Mukalowa mu Idle mode, Analog Comparator iyenera kuyimitsidwa ngati siyikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukalowa mu ADC Noise Reduction mode, Analog Comparator iyenera kuyimitsidwa. Munjira zina zogona, Analog Comparator imayimitsidwa. Komabe, ngati Analog Comparator yakhazikitsidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito Internal Voltage Reference monga cholowetsa, Analog Comparator iyenera kuyimitsidwa munjira zonse zogona. Apo ayi, Internal Voltage Reference idzayatsidwa, osadalira njira yogona. Onani ku “Wofananitsa ndi Analog” patsamba 119 kuti mumve zambiri momwe mungasinthire Analog Comparator.

Chojambulira chofiirira

Ngati chowunikira chakutuluka sikufunika pakugwiritsa ntchito, gawoli liyenera kuzimitsidwa. Ngati cholumikizira cha Brown-out chathandizidwa ndi ma Fuse a BODLEVEL, chithandizidwa munjira zonse zogona, motero, nthawi zonse zimawononga mphamvu. M'magulu ogona tulo, izi zithandizira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe kukugwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Mwawona "Kuzindikira Kwa Brown tsamba ”patsamba 41 ndi "Software BOD Disable" patsamba 35 kuti mumve zambiri momwe mungakonzere Detector ya-Brown.

Mkati Voltage Reference

Voltage Reference idzayatsidwa ikafunika ndi Brown-out Detection, Analogi Comparator kapena ADC. Ngati ma module awa ali olumala monga momwe tafotokozera m'magawo omwe ali pamwambapa, voltagKufotokozera kwa e kudzayimitsidwa ndipo sikudzawononga mphamvu. Mukayatsidwanso, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kulola kuti mawuwo ayambe kutulutsa musanagwiritse ntchito. Ngati chidziwitsocho chikusungidwa mukamagona, zotulukazo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Onani ku "Internal Voltage Reference” patsamba 42 mwatsatanetsatane pa nthawi yoyambira.

Watchdog Timer

Ngati nthawi ya Watchdog siyofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, gawoli liyenera kuzimitsidwa. Ngati Watchdog Timer imathandizidwa, idzagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira zonse zogona, motero, nthawi zonse zimawononga mphamvu. M'magulu ogona tulo, izi zithandizira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe kukugwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Tchulani “Watchdog Timer” patsamba 42 kuti mumve zambiri momwe mungasinthire Nthawi Yoyang'anira.

Zikhomo Port

Mukalowa m'malo ogona, zikhomo zonse ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zigwiritse ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe zikhomo zomwe zimayendetsa katundu wotsutsa. M'malo ogona pomwe wotchi ya I/O (clkI/O) ndi wotchi ya ADC (clkADC) ayimitsidwa, zotchingira zolowetsa chipangizocho zidzayimitsidwa. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti palibe mphamvu yomwe imadyedwa

ndi mfundo zolowetsera zikafunika. Nthawi zina, malingaliro olowera amafunikira pakuzindikira momwe angadzukire, ndipo

pamenepo idzathandizidwa. Tchulani gawo "Kuyika Kwama digito Kuthandizira ndi Kugona Njira" patsamba 57 kuti mudziwe zambiri zomwe mapini amayatsidwa. Ngati chosungiracho chayatsidwa ndipo siginecha yolowera ikasiyidwa kuyandama kapena ili ndi siginecha ya analogi pafupi ndi VCC/2, chosungiracho chidzagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

Pa mapini olowetsa analogi, chosungira cha digito chiyenera kuzimitsidwa nthawi zonse. Mulingo wa siginecha wa analogi pafupi ndi VCC/2 pa pini yolowetsa ukhoza kuyambitsa kufunikira kwapano ngakhale mumayendedwe. Zosungira zolowetsa za digito zitha kuzimitsidwa polembera ku Digital Input Disable Register (DIDR0). Onani ku "DIDR0 - Digital Input Disable Register 0" patsamba 121 zatsatanetsatane.

Lembani Kufotokozera

Kulembetsa kwa MCUCR - MCU

MCU Control Register ili ndi zida zowongolera kasamalidwe ka magetsi.

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x35 pa	MABOD	PUD	SE	Mtengo wa SM1	Mtengo wa SM0	THUPI	ISC01	ISC00	Mtengo wa MCUCR
Werengani/Lembani	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Pang'ono 7 - Thupi: Thupi Tulo

BOD kulepheretsa magwiridwe antchito kumapezeka pazida zina, kokha. Mwawona "Malire" patsamba 36.

Pofuna kulepheretsa BOD nthawi yogona (onani Tebulo 7-1 patsamba 34) BODS pang'ono iyenera kulembedwa kuti imveke chimodzi. Izi zimayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo la nthawi yake ndikulumikiza pang'ono, BODSE mu MCUCR. Choyamba, onse BODS ndi BODSE ayenera kukhazikitsidwa kumodzi. Chachiwiri, mkati mwazungulira maola anayi, BODS iyenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi imodzi ndipo BODSE iyenera kukhazikitsidwa zero. BODS bit imagwira ntchito mawotchi atatu atakhazikika. Malangizo ogona ayenera kuchitidwa pomwe BODS ikugwira ntchito kuti izimitse BOD kuti igone mokwanira. Pang'ono pa BODS imachotsedwa pambuyo pamawonekedwe atatu ola.

Mu zida zomwe Sleeping BOD sinakhazikitsidwe chidacho sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo chiziwerenga zero nthawi zonse.

Pang'ono 5 - SE: Kugona Yambitsani

Gawo la SE liyenera kulembedwa ku logic imodzi kuti MCU ilowe m'malo ogona pamene malangizo a SLEEP akuchitidwa. Kuti mupewe MCU kulowa m'malo ogona pokhapokha ngati ndi cholinga cha wopanga mapulogalamu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulembe pang'onopang'ono Sleep Enable (SE) kwa m'modzi atangotsala pang'ono kutsata Langizo la tulo ndikulichotsa mukangodzuka.

Tinthu 4: 3 - SM [1: 0]: Njira Yogona Ikagona Sankha Biti 1 ndi 0

Mabataniwa amasankha pakati pa mitundu itatu yomwe ilipo monga momwe akuwonetsera Gulu 7-2.

Gulu 7-2. Kugona mumalowedwe Sankhani

Mtengo wa SM1	Mtengo wa SM0	Njira Yogona
0	0	Wopanda ntchito
0	1	Kuchepetsa Phokoso la ADC
1	0	Mphamvu-pansi
1	1	Zosungidwa

Pang'ono 2 - BODSE: Kugona Thupi Kumapangitsa

BOD kulepheretsa magwiridwe antchito kumapezeka pazida zina, kokha. Mwawona "Malire" patsamba 36.

BODSE bit imathandizira kukhazikitsa kolamulira kwa BODS pang'ono, monga momwe zafotokozedwera pofotokozera pang'ono za BODS. Kulepheretsa kwa BOD kumayendetsedwa ndi nthawi yake.

Izi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zomwe pulogalamu ya BOD imalepheretsa kuyendetsedwa ndipo siziwerengedwa ngati zero muzida.

PRR - Kulembetsa Kuchepetsa Mphamvu

Kalata Yochepetsera Mphamvu imapereka njira yochepetsera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamagetsi polola kuti zotumphukira zadongosolo zizilemala.

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x20 pa	–	–	–	–	ZOTHANDIZA 1	ZOTHANDIZA 0	MALANGIZO	Zithunzi za PRADC	PRR
Werengani/Lembani	R	R	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Tinthu 7: 4 - Res: Tinthu tosungidwa

Ma bits awa ndi mabatani osungidwa mu ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndipo nthawi zonse amawerengedwa ngati zero.

Bit 3 - PRTIM1: Kuchepetsa Mphamvu Powerengera / Counter1

Kulemba lingaliro limodzi pang'ono kumatseka gawo la Timer / Counter1. Timer / Counter1 ikayatsidwa, opareshoni ipitilira ngati kusanatseke.

Bit 2 - PRTIM0: Kuchepetsa Mphamvu Powerengera / Counter0

Kulemba lingaliro limodzi pang'ono kumatseka gawo la Timer / Counter0. Timer / Counter0 ikayatsidwa, opareshoni ipitilira ngati kusanatseke.

Pang'ono 1 - PRUSI: Kuchepetsa Mphamvu USI

Kulemba lingaliro limodzi pamtunduwu kumatseka USI poyimitsa nthawi kuti igwirizane. Mukadzutsanso USI, USI iyenera kuyambitsidwanso ntchito kuti igwire bwino ntchito.

Bit 0 - PRADC: Kuchepetsa Mphamvu ADC

Kulemba lingaliro limodzi pang'ono kumatseka ADC. ADC iyenera kukhala yolumala isanatseke. Dziwani kuti wotchi ya ADC imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi magawo ena a kufananizira kwa analog, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kufananizira analogue sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito pang'ono pang'ono.

System Control ndi Yambitsaninso

Kubwezeretsanso AVR

Pakukhazikitsanso, ma Regista onse a I / O akhazikitsidwa pamiyeso yawo yoyamba, ndipo pulogalamuyi imayamba kuchitidwa kuchokera ku Reset Vecor. Malangizo omwe adayikidwa pa Reset Vector akuyenera kukhala RJMP - Relative Jump - malangizo amachitidwe oyambiranso. Ngati pulogalamuyo siyingathe kusokoneza gwero, ma Interrupt Vectors sagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo nambala yamapulogalamu yokhazikika imatha kuyikidwa m'malo awa. Chithunzi chozungulira mu Chithunzi 8-1 imasonyeza lingaliro lokonzanso. Makina azamagetsi am'mayendedwe obwezeretsanso amaperekedwa "System ndi Kubwezeretsanso Makhalidwe" patsamba 165.

Chithunzi 8-1 Bwezeretsani Mfundo

Doko la I / O la AVR limakhazikitsidwanso nthawi yomweyo pomwe gwero lokonzanso limayamba kugwira ntchito. Izi sizitengera kuti gwero lililonse la wotchi liziyenda.

Pomwe magwero onse obwezeretsanso atha kugwira ntchito, cholembera chochedwetsa chimapemphedwa, kutambasula kukonzanso kwamkati. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ifike pamkhalidwe wokhazikika ntchito isanayambike. Nthawi yotsala ya kauntala ikuchedwa kutanthauziridwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ma FUS a SUT ndi CKSEL. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana zakuchedwetsa zimaperekedwa “Ola Magwero ”patsamba 25.

Bwezeretsani Magwero

ATtiny25 / 45/85 ili ndi magwero anayi obwezeretsanso:

Yatsaninso Yambitsaninso. MCU imakhazikitsidwanso pamene voltage ili pansi pa Power-on Reset threshold (VPOT).

Kubwezeretsanso Kunja. MCU imakhazikitsidwanso ngati gawo lotsika likupezeka pa pini ya RESET kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa kutalika kwakanthawi kochepa.

Woyang'anira Bwezeretsani. MCU imakhazikitsidwanso nthawi ya Watchdog Timer ikatha ndipo Watchdog imathandizidwa.

Brown-out Reset. MCU imakhazikitsidwanso pamene voltage VCC ili pansi pa Brown-out Reset threshold (VBOT) ndipo Brown-out Detector yayatsidwa.

Kubwezeretsanso Mphamvu

Kugunda kwa Power-on Reset (POR) kumapangidwa ndi dera lodziwitsa On-chip. Mulingo wazindikiritso umatanthauzidwa mu "Sys- tem ndi Kubwezeretsanso Makhalidwe ”patsamba 165. POR imatsegulidwa nthawi iliyonse VCC ili pansi pa mulingo wodziwika. Dera la POR lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambitsa Kukhazikitsanso Kuyambiranso, komanso kuzindikira kulephera kwamagetsi.tage.

Dongosolo la Power-on Reset (POR) limatsimikizira kuti chipangizocho chakhazikitsidwanso kuchokera pa Mphamvu. Kufikira poyambira Mphamvu-Kubwezeretsanso voltage imapempha kauntala yochedwa, yomwe imatsimikizira kuti chipangizocho chimasungidwa nthawi yayitali bwanji mu RESET VCC ikakwera. Chizindikiro cha RESET chimayatsidwanso, popanda kuchedwa, pamene VCC imatsika pansi pa mlingo wodziwika.

Chithunzi 8-2. Kuyambitsa kwa MCU, Bwezeretsani Kumangirira ku VCC

KUBWENZITSA KWAMKATI

Chithunzi 8-3. Kuyambitsa kwa MCU, Bwezeretsani Kukulitsidwa Kunja

Kubwezeretsanso Kunja

Kubwezeretsanso Kunja kumapangidwa ndi kutsika pamphini la RESET ngati kungatheke. Bwezeretsani nyemba zazitali kuposa kutalika kwakanthawi kochepa (onani "System ndi Kubwezeretsanso Makhalidwe" patsamba 165) idzakhazikitsanso, ngakhale wotchiyo sikuyenda. Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi sikutsimikiziridwa kuti kukonzanso. Chizindikiro chogwiritsidwa ntchito chikafika pa Reset Threshold Voltage - VRST - pamphepete mwabwino, kauntala yochedwa imayamba MCU itatha nthawi ya Time-out.

Chithunzi 8-4. Kukonzanso Kwakunja Panthawi Yogwira Ntchito

Kuzindikira Kwa Brown

ATtiny25/45/85 ili ndi dera la On-chip Brown-out Detection (BOD) loyang'anira mulingo wa VCC panthawi yogwira ntchito pofanizira ndi mulingo wokhazikika. Mulingo woyambitsa wa BOD ukhoza kusankhidwa ndi BODLEVEL Fuse. Mulingo wa trigger uli ndi hysteresis kuwonetsetsa kuti spike free Brown-out Detection. The hysteresis pa mlingo wozindikira ayenera kutanthauziridwa monga VBOT+ = VBOT + VHYST/2 ndi VBOT- = VBOT - VHYST/2.

BOD ikayatsidwa, ndipo VCC imatsika mpaka pamtengo pansi pamlingo woyambitsa (VBOT-in Chithunzi 8-5), Kukhazikitsanso kwa Brown-out kumayatsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Pamene VCC ikuwonjezeka pamwamba pa mlingo woyambitsa (VBOT + mu Chithunzi 8-5), kauntala yochedwa imayamba MCU itatha nthawi ya Time-out tTOUT.

Dera la BOD limangowona kutsika kwa VCC ngati voltage amakhala pansi pa mlingo woyambitsa kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa tBOD yomwe yaperekedwa "System ndi Kubwezeretsanso Makhalidwe" patsamba 165.

Woyang'anira Bwezeretsani

Pamene Watchdog itatha, imapanga kukonzanso kwakanthawi kochepa kwa nthawi ya CK. M'mphepete mwa kugunda uku, chowerengera chochedwetsa chimayamba kuwerengera nthawi ya Time-out tTOUT. Onani ku “Watchdog Timer” patsamba 42 kuti mumve zambiri za momwe Watchdog Timer imagwirira ntchito.

Voltage Reference Yambitsani Zizindikiro ndi Nthawi Yoyambira

Voltage reference ili ndi nthawi yoyambira yomwe ingakhudze momwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yoyambira imaperekedwa "System ndi Kubwezeretsanso Makhalidwe" patsamba 165. Kuti mupulumutse mphamvu, zomwe zalembedwazo sizimayatsidwa nthawi zonse. Mwambowu ukuchitika munthawi izi:

Pamene BOD yathandizidwa (pokonza BODLEVEL [2: 0] Fuse Bits).

Buku la bandgap likalumikizidwa ndi Analog Comparator (pokhazikitsa ACBG pang'ono mu ACSR).

ADC ikatheka.

Chifukwa chake, BOD ikakhala yosatheka, ikakhazikitsa ACBG pang'ono kapena ikuthandizira ADC, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kulola nthawi zonse kuti ayambe kutulutsa asanatulutse kuchokera ku Analog Comparator kapena ADC. Kuti muchepetse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamagetsi mu Power-down mode, wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupewa zinthu zitatu pamwambapa kuti awonetsetse kuti zolembedwazo zazimitsidwa asanalowe mu Power-down mode.

Watchdog Timer

Nthawi ya Watchdog imatsekedwa kuchokera pa On-chip Oscillator yomwe imayenda pa 128 kHz. Poyang'anira woyang'anira wa Watchdog Timer, nthawi ya Watchdog Reset ikhoza kusinthidwa monga zikuwonetsedwa Tebulo 8-3 patsamba 46. WDR - Watchdog Reset - malangizo amabwezeretsanso nthawi ya Watchdog. The Watchdog Timer imasinthidwanso ikayimitsidwa komanso Chip Reset ikachitika. Nthawi zosankhika khumi zimatha kusankhidwa kuti mudziwe nthawi yoyambiranso. Ngati nthawi yokonzanso ikatha popanda Watchdog Reset ina, ATtiny25 / 45/85 imakonzanso ndikuchita kuchokera ku Reset Vector. Kuti mumve zambiri zakanthawi pa Watchdog Reset, onani Tebulo 8-3 patsamba 46.

Timulondera Timer ikhozanso kukhazikitsidwa kuti ipangitse kusokoneza m'malo mokonzanso. Izi zitha kukhala zothandiza mukamagwiritsa ntchito Watchdog kuti mudzuke ku Power-down.

Pofuna kulepheretsa mwadala dalaivala wa Watchdog kapena kusintha kosadukiza kwa nthawi yopuma, magawo awiri osiyanasiyana achitetezo amasankhidwa ndi fyuluta ya WDTON monga akuwonetsera Gulu 8-1 Onani ku "Kusintha kwa Nthawi Ndi Kusintha Kwa Zinthu- mawonekedwe a Watchdog Timer ”patsamba 43 zatsatanetsatane.

Gulu 8-1. Kukonzekera kwa WDT Monga Ntchito ya Zosintha za Fuse za WDTON

Mtengo WDTON	Mulingo wachitetezo	Dziko Loyambirira la WDT	Momwe Mungaletsere WDT	Momwe Mungasinthire Kutha Kwanthawi
Zosakonzedwa	1	Wolumala	Zotsatira zake	Palibe malire
Zokonzedwa	2	Yayatsidwa	Nthawi zonse zimathandizidwa	Zotsatira zake

Chithunzi 8-7. Watchdog Timer

Ndondomeko Yotengera Nthawi Yosinthira Kapangidwe ka Nthawi Yoyang'anira

Zotsatira zakusintha kasinthidwe zimasiyana pang'ono pakati pamagawo awiri achitetezo. Njira zosiyana zimafotokozedwa pamlingo uliwonse.

Mulingo wa Chitetezo 1: Munjira iyi, Watchdog Timer imayimitsidwa poyamba, koma imatha kuthandizidwa polemba WDE pang'ono popanda choletsa chilichonse. Kutsata kwanthawi kumafunika mukayimitsa Watchdog Timer. Kuti mulepheretse Watchdog Timer, njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:

Momwemonso, lembani chimodzi ku WDCE ndi WDE. Zomveka ziyenera kulembedwa ku WDE osaganizira mtengo wapitawo wa WDE bit.

Pakati pa mawotchi anayi otsatira, munthawi yomweyo, lembani ma WDE ndi WDP bits monga mukufunira, koma pang'ono ndi WDCE.

Mulingo wa Chitetezo 2: Munjira iyi, Watchdog Timer imayatsidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo WDE bit nthawi zonse imawerengedwa ngati imodzi. Kutsatira nthawi kumafunika posintha nthawi ya Watchdog Time-out. Kuti musinthe nthawi ya Watchdog Time-out, njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:

Momwemonso, lembani zomveka ku WDCE ndi WDE. Ngakhale kuti WDE nthawi zonse imakhazikitsidwa, WDE iyenera kulembedwa kwa mmodzi kuti ayambe kuyambitsa nthawi.

Pakati pa mawotchi anayi otsatira, munthawi yomweyo, lembani ma WDP bits monga momwe mumafunira, koma pang'ono ndi WDCE. Mtengo wolembedwera ku WDE bit ulibe tanthauzo.

Kodi Example

Nambala yotsatira example akuwonetsa msonkhano umodzi ndi ntchito imodzi ya C yozimitsa WDT. Example akuganiza kuti zosokoneza zimawongoleredwa (mwachitsanzo, poletsa zosokoneza padziko lonse lapansi) kuti pasapezeke zosokoneza zikachitika.

Assembly Code Example(1)

WDT_off:

wdr

; Chotsani WDRF mu MCUSR

ldi r16, (0<

kuchokera ku MCUSR, r16

; Lembani zomveka ku WDCE ndi WDE

; Sungani makonzedwe akale okonzekera kuti muteteze mwadzidzidzi Wowonerera Wokonzanso

mu r16, WDTCR

kapena r16, (1 <

kuchokera WDTCR, r16

; Chotsani WDT

ldi r16, (0<

kuchokera WDTCR, r16

ret

C Kodi Example(1)

opanda WDT_off (zopanda)

{

_WDR ();

/* Chotsani WDRF mu MCUSR */ MCUSR = 0x00

/* Lembani zomveka ku WDCE ndi WDE */ WDTCR |= (1<

/ * Chotsani WDT * / WDTCR = 0x00;

}

Chidziwitso: 1. Onani "Kodi Examples” patsamba 6.

Lembani Kufotokozera

MCUSR - Kulembetsa Kwa MCU

Kalata Yoyang'anira Ma MCU imapereka chidziwitso pazomwe zidayambitsanso zomwe zinayambitsa MCU Reset.

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x34 pa	–	–	–	–	Mtengo WDRF	BORF	ZOCHITIKA	PORF	Mtengo wa MCUSR
Werengani/Lembani	R	R	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W

Mtengo Woyamba 0 0 0 0 Onani Kufotokozera Pang'ono

Tinthu 7: 4 - Res: Tinthu tosungidwa

Ma bits awa ndi mabatani osungidwa mu ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndipo nthawi zonse amawerengedwa ngati zero.

Pang'ono 3 - WDRF: Watchdog Reset Flag

Izi zimakhazikitsidwa ngati Watchdog Reset itachitika. The bit is reset by Power-on Reset, kapena polemba lingaliro logwira mbendera.

Pang'ono 2 - BORF: Brown-out Reset Flag

Izi zimakhazikitsidwa ngati Brown-out Reset itachitika. The bit is reset by Power-on Reset, kapena polemba zero logic ku mbendera.

Pang'ono 1 - EXTRF: Mbendera Yokonzanso Kunja

Izi zimayikidwa ngati Kubwezeretsanso Kunja kumachitika. The bit is reset by Power-on Reset, kapena polemba zero logic ku mbendera.

Pang'ono 0 - PORF: Mphamvu Yotsitsimutsa Mbendera

Izi zimayikidwa ngati Power-on Reset itachitika. Pang`ono bwererani kokha mwa kulemba mfundo zolozera ku mbendera.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito Reset Flags kuti muzindikire momwe mungakhalire, wosuta ayenera kuwerenga ndikukhazikitsanso MCUSR mwachangu pulogalamuyi. Ngati kaundula kachotsedwa asanabwerenso kukonzanso, gwero la kukonzanso lingapezeke pofufuza Reset Flags.

WDTCR - Kalata Yoyang'anira Nthawi Yowonera

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x21 pa	WDIF	WDIE	WDP3	WDCE	WDE	WDP2	WDP1	WDP0	Mtengo WDTCR
Werengani/Lembani	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	X	0	0	0

Pang'ono 7 - WDIF: Watchdog Timeout Interrupt Flag

Chidutswa ichi chimayikidwa pomwe nthawi yanthawi ikupezeka mu Watchdog Timer ndipo Timer ya Timasungidwe yakonzedwa kuti isokoneze. WDIF imakonzedwa ndi ma hardware mukamayendetsa vector yofananira. Kapenanso, WDIF imakonzedwa ndikulemba zomveka ku mbendera. I-bit mu SREG ndi WDIE ikakhazikitsidwa, Watchdog Time-out Interrupt imachitika.

Pang`ono 6 - WDIE: Kusokonezeka Kwa Nthawi Yoyang'anira Yambitsani

Tinthu timeneti tikamalembera mmodzi, WDE imachotsedwa, ndipo I-bit mu Register Register yakhazikitsidwa, Interrupt ya Watchdog Time-out imathandizidwa. Mwanjira imeneyi kusokonezedwa kofananira kumachitika m'malo mokonzanso ngati nthawi yanthawi mu Watchdog Timer itachitika.

Ngati WDE yakhazikitsidwa, WDIE imakonzedwa ndi hardware nthawi ikatha. Izi ndizothandiza posungira Watchdog Reset chitetezo mukamagwiritsa ntchito zosokoneza. WDIE ikachotsedwa, nthawi yotsatira idzakhazikitsanso. Pofuna kupewa Watchdog Reset, WDIE iyenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi iliyonse ikasokonezedwa.

Gulu 8-2. Kusintha kwa Nthawi ya Watchdog

WDE	WDIE	Ulonda wa Timer State	Chitani Nthawi Yotsalira
0	0	Ayima	Palibe
0	1	Kuthamanga	Dumitsani
1	0	Kuthamanga	Bwezerani
1	1	Kuthamanga	Dumitsani

Bit 4 - WDCE: Changedog Change Yambitsani

Chidutswa ichi chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pomwe chidutswa cha WDE chalembedwera kukhala logic zero. Kupanda kutero, Woyang'anira sangakhale wolumala. Kamodzi kulembedwera kamodzi, hardware imachotsa pang'ono patadutsa nthawi zinayi. Tchulani mafotokozedwe a chidutswa cha WDE cha njira yowonongera ya Watchdog. Chidutswa ichi chiyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa posintha zidutswa zamankhwala. Mwawona "Zotsatira Zake pakusintha Kukhazikitsa kwa Nthawi Yoyang'anira ”patsamba 43.

Pang'ono 3 - WDE: Wowonera Yambitsani

Pamene WDE idalembedwa kuti igwirizane chimodzi, Watchdog Timer imathandizidwa, ndipo ngati WDE idalembedwa kuti igwirizane ndi zero, ntchito ya Watchdog Timer imalephereka. WDE imatha kuyeretsedwa ngati chidutswa cha WDCE chili ndi lingaliro limodzi. Kuti mulepheretse pulogalamu ya Watchdog, chotsatira chikuyenera kutsatira:

Momwemonso, lembani chimodzi ku WDCE ndi WDE. Lingaliro loyenera liyenera kulembedwa kwa WDE ngakhale idayikidwa limodzi isanachitike ntchito yolemetsa.

Mu nthawi inayi yotsatira, lembani 0 ku WDE. Izi zimalepheretsa Woyang'anira.

Pazigawo zachitetezo 2, sikutheka kuimitsa Watchdog Timer, ngakhale ndi ma algorithm omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa. Mwawona "Ndondomeko Yotengera Nthawi Yosinthira Kapangidwe ka Nthawi Yoyang'anira" patsamba 43.

Mu chitetezo 1, WDE imakwezedwa ndi WDRF mu MCUSR. Mwawona "MCUSR - Register Register za MCU" patsamba 44 pofotokozera WDRF. Izi zikutanthauza kuti WDE imakhazikika nthawi zonse WDRF ikakhala. Pochotsa WDE, WDRF iyenera kuyeretsedwa isanatseke Watchdog ndi njira yomwe tafotokozayi. Izi zimatsimikizira kukonzanso kangapo pazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera, komanso kuyambitsa bwino mutalephera.

Zindikirani: Ngati chowerengera cha nthawi sichidzagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti mudutse njira yoletsa kuwongolera pakuyambitsa chipangizocho. Ngati Watchdog idayambitsidwa mwangozi, mwachitsanzoampndi cholozera chothawa kapena mawonekedwe a bulauni, chipangizocho chidzakonzedwanso, zomwe zidzatsogolera kukonzanso kwatsopano kwa wolonda. Pofuna kupewa izi, pulogalamu ya pulogalamuyo iyenera kuyeretsa mbendera ya WDRF nthawi zonse ndi WDE control bit poyambira.

Bits 5, 2: 0 - WDP [3: 0]: Watchdog Timer Prescaler 3, 2, 1, ndi 0

Zidutswa za WDP [3: 0] zimatsimikizira nthawi ya Watchdog nthawi ya Watchdog itatha. Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana owonetserako komanso nyengo zawo za Timeout zikuwonetsedwa Gulu 8-3.

Gulu 8-3. Watchdog Timer Prescale Select

WDP3	WDP2	WDP1	WDP0	Chiwerengero cha Zozungulira za WDT Oscillator	Nthawi Yanthawi Zonse pa VCC = 5.0V
0	0	0	0	2K (2048) mayendedwe	16 ms
0	0	0	1	4K (4096) mayendedwe	32 ms
0	0	1	0	8K (8192) mayendedwe	64 ms
0	0	1	1	16K (16384) mayendedwe	0.125 s
0	1	0	0	32K (32764) mayendedwe	0.25 s
0	1	0	1	64K (65536) mayendedwe	0.5 s
0	1	1	0	128K (131072) mayendedwe	1.0 s
0	1	1	1	256K (262144) mayendedwe	2.0 s
1	0	0	0	512K (524288) mayendedwe	4.0 s
1	0	0	1	1024K (1048576) mayendedwe	8.0 s

Gulu 8-3. Watchdog Timer Prescale Select (Ikupitilira)

WDP3	WDP2	WDP1	WDP0	Chiwerengero cha Zozungulira za WDT Oscillator	Nthawi Yanthawi Zonse pa VCC = 5.0V
1	0	1	0	Zosungidwa(1)
1	0	1	1
1	1	0	0
1	1	0	1
1	1	1	0
1	1	1	1

Zindikirani: 1. Ngati asankhidwa, imodzi mwazosintha zovomerezeka pansipa 0b1010 idzagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kusokoneza

Gawoli likufotokozera momwe magwiridwe antchito amasokonezedwera mu ATtiny25 / 45/85. Kuti mumve zambiri za AVR zosokoneza, onani "Bwezeretsani ndikusokoneza Kusamalira" patsamba 12.

Kusokoneza Ma Vectors mu ATtiny25 / 45/85

Zosokoneza zosokoneza za ATtiny25 / 45/85 zafotokozedwera Gulu 9-1pansipa.

Gulu 9-1. Bwezerani ndi Kusokoneza Ma Vector

Vector Na.	Adilesi Ya Pulogalamu	Gwero	Kusokoneza Tanthauzo
1	0x0000 pa	Bwezeraninso	Pini Yakunja, Kubwezeretsanso Mphamvu, Kubwezeretsa Brown-out, Watchdog Reset
2	0x0001 pa	INT0	Pempho Losokoneza Kwina 0
3	0x0002 pa	Zamgululi	Pin Sinthani Pempho Losokoneza 0
4	0x0003 pa	TIMER1_COMPA	Powerengetsera / Counter1 Yerekezerani machesi A
5	0x0004 pa	TIMER1_OVF	Nthawi / Counter1 Kusefukira
6	0x0005 pa	TIMER0_OVF	Nthawi / Counter0 Kusefukira
7	0x0006 pa	EE_RDY	EEPROM Wokonzeka
8	0x0007 pa	ANA_COMP	Wofananira wa Analog
9	0x0008 pa	ADC	Kutembenuka kwa ADC Kwathunthu
10	0x0009 pa	TIMER1_COMPB	Powerengetsera / Counter1 Yerekezerani machesi B
11	0x000A	TIMER0_COMPA	Powerengetsera / Counter0 Yerekezerani machesi A
12	0x000B	TIMER0_COMPB	Powerengetsera / Counter0 Yerekezerani machesi B
13	Zamgululi	Mtengo WDT	Nthawi Yoyang'anira Nthawi
14	0x000d pa	USI_START	GWIRITSANI NTCHITO
15	0x000 ndi	MAFUNSO	Kusefukira kwa USI

Ngati pulogalamuyo siyingathe kusokoneza gwero, ma Interrupt Vectors sagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo nambala yamapulogalamu yokhazikika imatha kuyikidwa m'malo awa.

Kukhazikitsa kwanthawi zonse kwa ma adilesi osokoneza ma vector mu ATtiny25/45/85 akuwonetsedwa mu pulogalamu yakale.ample apa.

Assembly Code Example
.org 0x0000	; Ikani adilesi yotsatira	mawu
rjmp Bwezeretsani	; Adilesi 0x0000
rjmp INT0_ISR	; Adilesi 0x0001
rjmp PCINT0_ISR	; Adilesi 0x0002
rjmp TIM1_COMPA_ISR	; Adilesi 0x0003
rjmp TIM1_OVF_ISR	; Adilesi 0x0004
rjmp TIM0_OVF_ISR	; Adilesi 0x0005
rjmp EE_RDY_ISR	; Adilesi 0x0006
rjmp ANA_COMP_ISR	; Adilesi 0x0007
rjmp ADC_ISR	; Adilesi 0x0008
rjmp TIM1_COMPB_ISR	; Adilesi 0x0009
rjmp TIM0_COMPA_ISR	; Adilesi 0x000A
rjmp TIM0_COMPB_ISR	; Adilesi 0x000B
rjmp WDT_ISR	; Adilesi 0x000C
rjmp USI_START_ISR	; Adilesi 0x000D
rjmp USI_OVF_ISR	; Adilesi 0x000E
SITANI:	; Main pulogalamu kuyamba
	; Adilesi 0x000F
…

Chidziwitso: Onani "Kodi Examples” patsamba 6.

Kusokonezedwa Kwapanja

Zododometsa Zakunja zimayambitsidwa ndi pini ya INT0 kapena zikhomo zilizonse za PCINT [5: 0]. Onetsetsani kuti, ngati zingatheke, zosokoneza zingayambitse ngakhale zikhomo za INT0 kapena PCINT [5: 0] zikukonzedwa ngati zotuluka. Izi zimapereka njira yopangira pulogalamu kuti isokoneze. Kusintha kwa pini kumasokoneza PCI kuyambitsa ngati PCIX [5: 0] iliyonse itha kusinthana. Kuwongolera kwa PCMSK komwe zikhomo zimathandizira kusintha kwa pini kumasokoneza. Kusintha kwa mapini kumasokoneza pa PCINT [5: 0] amapezeka mosiyanasiyana. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti zosokoneza izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito podzutsa gawolo komanso kuchokera ku mitundu yogona kupatula mawonekedwe a Idle.

Kusokoneza kwa INT0 kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kugwa kapena kukwera m'munsi kapena kutsika. Izi zimakhazikitsidwa monga zikuwonetsedwa pamtundu wa MCU Control Register - MCUCR. Kusokoneza kwa INT0 kukathandizidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa monga gawo lomwe lidayambitsidwa, kusokonekera kumayambika bola pini ikakhala yotsika. Dziwani kuti kuzindikira kugwa kapena kukwera kwakumaso kumasokoneza pa INT0 kumafunikira kukhalapo kwa ola la I / O, lofotokozedwera "Makina A Clock ndi Kufalitsa Kwawo" pa tsamba 23.

Kusokonekera Kwapamwamba

Kusokoneza kotsika pa INT0 kumapezeka mosavomerezeka. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kusokoneza uku kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito podzutsa gawolo kuchokera kumagulu ogona kupatula mawonekedwe a Idle. Wotchi ya I / O imayimitsidwa m'njira zonse zogona kupatula mawonekedwe a Idle.

Zindikirani kuti ngati mulingo woyambitsa kusokoneza ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pakudzuka kuchokera ku Mphamvu-pansi, mulingo wofunikira uyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yayitali kuti MCU imalize kudzuka kuti iyambitse kusokoneza. Ngati mulingowo usowa kumapeto kwa Nthawi Yoyambira, MCU idzadzukabe, koma palibe zosokoneza zomwe zidzapangidwe. Nthawi yoyambira imatanthauzidwa ndi SUT ndi CKSEL Fuses monga tafotokozera mu “Njira Zosankha Clock ndi Clock” patsamba 23.

Ngati gawo lotsika la pini losokoneza litachotsedwa chipangizocho chisanadzuke ndiye kuti kukhazikitsa pulogalamu sikungapatutsidwe ku ntchito yosokoneza koma pitirizani kutsatira malangizo kutsatira lamulo la SLEEP.

Pin Kusintha Kusokoneza Nthawi

Wakaleampnthawi ya kusintha kwa pini ikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 9-1.

Lembani Kufotokozera

Kulembetsa kwa MCUCR - MCU

Kalata Yoyang'anira Kusokoneza Kwapanja A ili ndi zida zowongolera pakuletsa kuzindikira.

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x35 pa	MABOD	PUD	SE	Mtengo wa SM1	Mtengo wa SM0	THUPI	ISC01	ISC00	Mtengo wa MCUCR
Werengani/Lembani	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Tinthu 1: 0 - ISC0 [1: 0]: Kusokoneza Sense Control 0 Bit 1 ndi Bit 0

Kusokonezedwa Kwapanja 0 kumayambitsidwa ndi pini yakunja INT0 ngati SREG I-mbendera ndi chigoba chofananira chimayikidwa. Mulingo ndi m'mbali mwa pini yakunja ya INT0 yomwe imayambitsa kusokoneza ikufotokozedwera Gulu 9-2. Mtengo wa INT0 pin ndi sampanatsogolera asanazindikire m'mphepete. Ngati m'mphepete kapena kusokoneza kwasankhidwa, mafunde omwe amakhala otalikirapo koloko imodzi amatha kusokoneza. Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi sikutsimikiziridwa kupangitsa kusokoneza. Ngati kusokoneza kwapang'onopang'ono kwasankhidwa, mlingo wochepa uyenera kuchitidwa mpaka kukwaniritsidwa kwa malangizo omwe akuchitidwa panopa kuti asokoneze.

Gulu 9-2. Kusokoneza 0 Sense Control

ISC01	ISC00	Kufotokozera
0	0	Mulingo wotsika wa INT0 umapereka pempho losokoneza.
0	1	Kusintha kulikonse kwanzeru pa INT0 kumapereka pempho losokoneza.
1	0	Mphepete yakugwa ya INT0 imapanga pempho losokoneza.
1	1	Mphepete mwa INT0 imapanga pempho losokoneza.

GIMSK - General Interrupt Mask Register

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x3B	–	INT0	PCIe	–	–	–	–	–	Mtengo wa GIMSK
Werengani/Lembani	R	R/W	R/W	R	R	R	R	R
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Tinthu 7, 4: 0 - Res: Tinthu tosungidwa

Ma bits awa ndi mabatani osungidwa mu ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndipo nthawi zonse amawerengedwa ngati zero.

Bit 6 - INT0: Pempho Lododometsa Kwakunja 0 Yambitsani

INT0 ikakhazikika (imodzi) ndipo I-bit mu Status Register (SREG) yakhazikitsidwa (imodzi), kusokoneza pini yakunja kumathandizidwa. Interrupt Sense Control0 imapanga 1/0 (ISC01 ndi ISC00) mu MCU Control Register (MCUCR) imafotokoza ngati kusokonekera kwakunja kumayambitsidwa pakukwera kapena / kapena kugwa kwa pini ya INT0 kapena mulingo womveka. Zochita pa pini zimayambitsa pempho losokoneza ngakhale INT0 ikukonzedwa ngati chotulutsa. Kusokonezedwa kofananira kwa Kufunsira Kwina Kowonongeka 0 kumachitika kuchokera ku INT0 Interrupt Vector.

Bit 5 - PCIE: Pin Change Zododometsa Yambitsani

Pulogalamu ya PCIE ikakhazikitsidwa (imodzi) ndipo I-bit mu Status Register (SREG) yakhazikitsidwa (imodzi), kusinthasintha kwa mapini kumathandizidwa. Kusintha kulikonse pa pini iliyonse ya PCINT [5: 0] kungayambitse kusokoneza. Kusokonezedwa kofananira kwa Pempho Kusokoneza Pempho kumachitika kuchokera ku PCI Interrupt Vector. Zikhomo za PCINT [5: 0] zimathandizidwa payokha ndi PCMSK0 Register.

GIFR - Kulembetsa Kwazithunzi Zosokoneza

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x3A	–	ZOKHUDZA0	PCIF	–	–	–	–	–	GIFR
Werengani/Lembani	R	R/W	R/W	R	R	R	R	R
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Tinthu 7, 4: 0 - Res: Tinthu tosungidwa

Ma bits awa ndi mabatani osungidwa mu ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndipo nthawi zonse amawerengedwa ngati zero.

Pang'ono 6 - INTF0: Chizindikiro Chakunja Chosokoneza 0

Pomwe kusintha kwamalingaliro kapena kusintha kwa pini ya INT0 kumayambitsa pempho losokoneza, INTF0 imakhazikika (imodzi). Ngati I-bit mu SREG ndi INT0 pang'ono mu GIMSK yakhazikitsidwa (imodzi), MCU idzadumphira ku Interrupt Vector yomweyi. Mbendera imatsukidwa pomwe zochitika zosokoneza zikuchitika. Kapenanso, mbendera imatha kutsukidwa ndikulemba zomveka. Mbendera imachotsedwa nthawi zonse INT0 ikakonzedwa ngati kusokoneza msinkhu.

Pang'ono 5 - PCIF: Pin Sinthani Chizindikiro Chosokoneza

Kusintha kwa malingaliro pa pini iliyonse ya PCINT [5: 0] kumayambitsa pempho losokoneza, PCIF imakhazikitsidwa (imodzi). Ngati I-bit mu SREG ndi PCIE pang'ono mu GIMSK yakhazikitsidwa (imodzi), MCU idumpha ku Interrupt Vector yomweyi. Mbendera imatsukidwa pomwe zochitika zosokoneza zikuchitika. Kapenanso, mbendera imatha kutsukidwa ndikulemba zomveka.

PCMSK - Pin Change Mask Register

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x15 pa	–	–	Zamgululi	Zamgululi	Zamgululi	Zamgululi	Zamgululi	Zamgululi	Zamgululi
Werengani/Lembani	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Tinthu 7: 6 - Res: Tinthu tosungidwa

Ma bits awa ndi mabatani osungidwa mu ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndipo nthawi zonse amawerengedwa ngati zero.

Bits 5: 0 - PCINT [5: 0]: Pin Change Yambitsani Maski 5: 0

Chidutswa chilichonse cha PCINT [5: 0] chimasankha ngati kusinthana kwa pini kumathandizidwa ndi pini yofanana ya I / O. Ngati PCINT [5: 0] yakonzedwa ndipo pulogalamu ya PCIE mu GIMSK yakhazikitsidwa, kusinthana kwa pini kumasinthidwa kumayikidwa pini yofanana ya I / O. Ngati PCINT [5: 0] yatsukidwa, kusinthana kwa pini kusokoneze pini yofanana ya I / O ikulephereka.

I/O Madoko

Mawu Oyamba

Madoko onse a AVR ali ndi magwiridwe antchito enieni a Read-Modify-Write akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madoko a digito a I/O. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mayendedwe a pini imodzi amatha kusinthidwa osasintha mosadziwa komwe akupita ndi malangizo a SBI ndi CBI. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito posintha mtengo wagalimoto (ngati udasinthidwa kukhala zotuluka) kapena kuthandizira/kulepheretsa zopinga zokokera mmwamba (ngati zasinthidwa kukhala zolowera). Buffer iliyonse yotulutsa imakhala ndi ma symmetrical drive omwe ali ndi sink yayikulu komanso kuthekera kochokera. Dalaivala wa pini ndi wamphamvu mokwanira kuyendetsa mawonetsero a LED mwachindunji. Zikhomo zonse zimakhala ndi zodzikongoletsera zosankhidwa payekhapayekha zokhala ndi voliyumutagndi kukana kosasintha. Zikhomo zonse za I/O zili ndi ma diode oteteza ku VCC ndi Ground monga momwe zasonyezedwera Chithunzi 10-1. Onani ku “Zamagetsi Zamagetsi” patsamba 161 kwa mndandanda wathunthu wa magawo.

Chithunzi 10-1. I/O Pin Equivalent Schematic

Ma register onse ndi maumboni ang'onoang'ono omwe ali mugawoli amalembedwa mwachisawawa. Chotsitsa "x" chimayimira chilembo chopatsa manambala padoko, ndipo chocheperako "n" chimayimira nambala yocheperako. Komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito kaundula kapena pang'ono kumatanthawuza mu pulogalamu, fomu yolondola iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Za example, PORTB3 kwa pang'ono ayi. 3 ku Port B, pano yolembedwa ngati PORTxn. Ma Registry a I/O akuthupi ndi malo pang'ono alembedwamo "Lembani Kufotokozera" pa tsamba 64.

Malo atatu okumbukira za I / O amaperekedwa pa doko lirilonse, limodzi lirilonse la Data Register - PORTx, Register Direction Register - DDRx, ndi Port Input Pins - PINx. Malo a Port Input Pins I / O amawerengedwa kokha, pomwe Data Register ndi Direction Direction Register zimawerengedwa / kulemba. Komabe, kulemba lingaliro limodzi pang'ono mu Registry ya PINx, kumabweretsa kusintha kofanana mu Database Register. Kuphatikiza apo, Pull-up Disable - PUD pang'ono mu MCUCR imaletsa ntchito yokoka kwa zikhomo zonse m'madoko onse ikakhazikitsidwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito doko la I / O monga General Digital I / O ikufotokozedwera "Madoko ngati General Digital I / O" patsamba 53. Zikhomo zambiri zamadoko zimachulukitsidwa ndi ntchito zina pazipangizo za pa chipangizocho. Momwe ntchito ina iliyonse imagwirizira ndi pini ya doko imafotokozedwera "Maofesi Ena Othandizira" patsamba 57. Tchulani magawo amomwe mungafotokozere mwatsatanetsatane ntchito zina.

Dziwani kuti kuyika ntchito zina za zikhomo sikumakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zikhomo zina padoko monga digito ya I / O wamba.

Madoko ngati General Digital I / O

Madokowa ndi ma doko a I / O omwe amakhala ndi mbali ziwiri zokha. Chithunzi 10-2 ikuwonetsa kufotokozera kwa pini imodzi ya I / O-port, pano yotchedwa Pxn.

Chithunzi 10-2. General Digital I/O(1)

Kusintha Pin

Pini iliyonse yamadoko imakhala ndi ma bits atatu olembetsa: DDxn, PORTxn, ndi PINxn. Monga momwe tawonetsera "Lembani Kufotokozera" pa tsamba 64, ma DDxn bits amapezeka ku adilesi ya DDRx I / O, ma PORTxn bits ku adilesi ya PORTx I / O, ndi ma bits a PINxn ku adilesi ya PINx I / O.

Chidutswa cha DDxn mu DDRx Register chimasankha mayendedwe a pini iyi. Ngati DDxn idalembedwa chimodzi, Pxn imapangidwa ngati pini yotulutsa. Ngati DDxn idalembedwa zero, Pxn imakonzedwa ngati pini yolowera.

Ngati PORTxn idalembedwa lingaliro limodzi pomwe pini imasinthidwa ngati pini yolowetsera, chosunthira chokoka chimayambitsidwa. Kuti muchotse choletsa kukoka, PORTxn iyenera kulembedwa logic zero kapena pini iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ngati pini yotulutsira. Zikhomo zadoko zimanenedwa katatu mukakhazikitsanso zinthu, ngakhale palibe mawotchi othamanga.

Ngati PORTxn idalembedwa chimodzi pomwe pini imasinthidwa ngati pini yotulutsa, pini ya doko imayendetsedwa kwambiri (imodzi). Ngati PORTxn idalembedwa zero zero pomwe pini imapangidwa ngati pini yotulutsa, pini ya doko imayendetsedwa pansi (zero).

Kutsegula Pini

Kulemba lingaliro limodzi ku PINxn kumasintha phindu la PORTxn, palokha pamtengo wa DDRxn. Dziwani kuti malangizo a SBI atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthana kamodzi padoko.

Kusintha Pakati Lowetsani ndi linanena bungwe

Mukasinthana pakati pa tri-state ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b00) ndi kutulutsa kwakukulu ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b11), malo apakatikati omwe amatha kukoka {DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b01) kapena kutulutsa kochepa ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b10) ziyenera kuchitika. Kawirikawiri, dziko lothandizira kukoka ndilovomerezeka mokwanira, monga malo okwera kwambiri sangazindikire kusiyana pakati pa dalaivala wamphamvu kwambiri ndi kukoka. Ngati sizili choncho, pang'ono PUD mu Register ya MCUCR ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa kuti izimitsa kukoka konse pamadoko onse.

Kusintha pakati pazowonjezera ndikukoka ndi kutulutsa kotsika kumabweretsa vuto lomwelo. Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito atatu- state ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b00) kapena high state yotulutsa ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b10) ngati gawo lapakatikati.

Gulu 10-1 ikufotokozera mwachidule zizindikiritso za pini.

Gulu 10-1. Zosintha za Port Pin

DDxn	MAFUNSO	PUD (mu MCUCR)	Ine/O	Kokani-mmwamba	Ndemanga
0	0	X	Zolowetsa	Ayi	Dziko lachitatu (Hi-Z)
0	1	0	Zolowetsa	Inde	Pxn ipanga zatsopano ngati ext. anakokera pansi.
0	1	1	Zolowetsa	Ayi	Dziko lachitatu (Hi-Z)
1	0	X	Zotulutsa	Ayi	Linanena bungwe Low (Sink)
1	1	X	Zotulutsa	Ayi	Kutulutsa Kwakukulu (Gwero)

Kuwerenga Mtengo wa Pin

Osadalira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Direction Direction pang'ono DDxn, chikhomo chadoko chitha kuwerengedwa kudzera pa PINxn Register pang'ono. Monga momwe tawonetsera Chithunzi 10-2, PINxn Register pang'ono ndipo latch yapitayi imakhala yolumikizira. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tipewe kusunthika ngati pini yakuthupi isintha mtengo pafupi ndi koloko yamkati, komanso imachedwetsa. Chithunzi 10-3 ikuwonetsa chithunzi cha nthawi ya kulunzanitsa powerenga mtengo wa pini wogwiritsidwa ntchito kunja. Kuchedwa kwakukulu komanso kocheperako kumatanthawuza tpd, max ndi tpd, min motsatana.

Ganizirani nthawi yomwe imayamba posachedwa nthawi yoyamba kugwa. Latch imatsekedwa nthawi ikakhala yochepa, ndipo imayenda poyera nthawi ikakhala yayitali, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi dera lamithunzi la "SYNC LATCH". Mtengo wazizindikiro watsekedwa nthawi ikadutsa. Imayikidwa mu Pulogalamu ya PINxn kumapeto kwanthawi yolondola. Monga akuwonetsera ndi mivi iwiri tpd, max ndi tpd, min, kusintha kwa chizindikiro chimodzi pini kumachedwetsedwa pakati pa ½ ndi 1½ nthawi yamadongosolo malinga ndi nthawi yakudzinenera.

Mukamawerenga pulogalamu yamapini yomwe yapatsidwa, phindu la nop liyenera kuyikidwamo monga zikuwonetsera Chithunzi 10-4. Malangizo kunja amapereka chizindikiro cha "SYNC LATCH" pamphepete mwabwino. Poterepa, kuchedwa kwa tpd kudzera pa cholumikizira ndi nthawi imodzi.

Nambala yotsatira example akuwonetsa momwe mungakhazikitsire mapini a doko B 0 ndi 1 m'mwamba, 2 ndi 3 otsika, ndikutanthauzira mapini a doko kuyambira 4 mpaka 5 monga cholowetsa ndi chokoka choperekedwa ku pini 4. Zotsatira za pini zimawerengedwanso kachiwiri, koma monga momwe tafotokozera kale, malangizo a nop akuphatikizidwa kuti athe kuwerenganso mtengo womwe waperekedwa posachedwa ku mapini ena.

Assembly Code Example(1)

…

; Tanthauzirani zokoka ndikuyika zotuluka kwambiri

; Fotokozani mayendedwe a ma khomo

ldi r16,(1<<PB4)|(1<<PB1)|(1<<PB0)

ldi r17,(1<<DDB3)|(1<<DDB2)|(1<<DDB1)|(1<<DDB0)

kuchokera ku PORTB,r16

kuchokera ku DDRB, r17

; Ikani nop kuti mulunzanitse

ayi

; Werengani ma port pin

ku r16,PINB

…

Zindikirani: Pa pulogalamu ya msonkhano, zolembera ziwiri zosakhalitsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa nthawi kuchokera pakukoka zimayikidwa pazikhomo 0, 1 ndi 4, mpaka ma bits akhazikitsidwa bwino, kufotokozera bit 2 ndi 3 kukhala otsika ndikutanthauziranso 0 ndi 1 ngati madalaivala amphamvu kwambiri.

C Kodi Example

chizindikiro chosasainidwa;

…

/* Tanthauzirani zokoka ndikuyika zotuluka kwambiri */

/* Tanthauzirani mayendedwe a zikhomo */ PORTB = (1<

DDRB = (1<<DDB3)|(1<<DDB2)|(1<<DDB1)|(1<<DDB0);

/* Ikani nop kuti mulunzanitse*/

_NOP ();

/* Werengani zikhomo za doko */ i = PINB;

…

Kuyika Kwama digito Yambitsani ndi Kugona Njira

Monga zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 10-2, chizindikiro cholowetsa digito chikhoza kukhala clamped mpaka pansi pakulowetsa kwa schmitt-trigger. Chizindikiro chomwe chimadziwika kuti SLEEP pachithunzichi, chimayikidwa ndi MCU Sleep Controller mu Power-down mode kuti apewe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri ngati ma siginecha ena akusiyidwa akuyandama, kapena kukhala ndi siginecha ya analogi pafupi ndi VCC/2.

Kugona kwadzaza ndi zikhomo zapa doko zotsegulidwa ngati zikhomo zakunja zosokoneza. Ngati zosokoneza zakunja siziyatsidwa, SLEEP imagwiranso ntchito pazikhomo izi. KUGONA kumalembedwanso ndi ntchito zina zosiyanasiyana monga zafotokozedwera "Maofesi Ena Othandizira" patsamba 57.

Ngati mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri ("imodzi") ukupezeka pa pini yosokoneza yakunja yokonzedwa ngati "Kusokoneza Pa Rising Edge, Falling Edge, kapena Kusintha Kwamaganizidwe Pa Pin" pomwe kusokoneza kwakunja sikunatheke, mbendera yofananira ya External Interrupt itero. zikhazikitsidwe pamene mukuyambiranso kuchokera kumayendedwe ogona omwe tawatchulawa, monga clampKugona munjira iyi kumapangitsa kusintha kwamalingaliro komwe mwapemphedwa.

Zipini Zosalumikizidwa

Ngati zikhomo zina sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonetsetse kuti mapiniwa ali ndi mulingo wofanana. Ngakhale zolowetsa zambiri zadijito ndizolumala muntulo tofa nato monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zolowetsa zoyandikira ziyenera kupewedwa kuti zichepetse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamtundu uliwonse momwe zolowetsera zamagetsi zimathandizidwira (Bwezerani, Njira yogwira ntchito ndi Idle mode).

Njira yosavuta yowonetsetsa kuti mulingo wodziwika wa pini wosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikupangitsa kukoka kwamkati. Pankhaniyi, kukokera mmwamba kudzazimitsidwa panthawi yokonzanso. Ngati kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa panthawi yokonzanso n'kofunika, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kukoka kapena kutsitsa kunja. Kulumikiza mapini osagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ku VCC kapena GND sikuvomerezeka, chifukwa izi zitha kuyambitsa mafunde ochulukirapo ngati piniyo idakonzedwa mwangozi ngati kutulutsa.

Ntchito Zina za Port

Zikhomo zambiri zamadoko zimakhala ndi ntchito zina kuphatikiza pakukhala digito ya I / Os. Chithunzi 10-5 imawonetsa momwe pini yoyang'anira doko imasinthira kuchokera pazosavuta Chithunzi 10-2 itha kugonjetsedwa ndi ntchito zina. Zizindikiro zowonjezereka sizitha kupezeka m'mapini onse a doko, koma chiwerengerocho chimakhala mafotokozedwe achibadwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapini onse am'banja la AVR microcontroller.

Gulu 10-2. Kufotokozera Kwachidule kwa Zizindikiro Zopitilira Ntchito Zina

Dzina la Signal	Dzina lonse	Kufotokozera
PUOE	Kukweza Pamwamba Kuthandizani	Chizindikiro ichi chikayikidwa, kukoka kumathandizira kuyang'aniridwa ndi siginecha ya PUOV. Chizindikiro ichi chikachotsedwa, kukoka kumathandizidwa liti Zolakwika: {DDxn, PORTxn, PUD} = 0b010.
PUOV	Kokani Pamwamba Pamtengo Wapatali	Ngati PUOE yakhazikitsidwa, kukoka kumathandizidwa / kulephereka pamene PUOV yakhazikitsidwa / itakonzedwa, mosasamala kanthu komwe kuli DDxn, PORTxn, ndi PUD Register bits.
DDOE	Kuwonjezeka Kwadongosolo Kumasulira	Ngati chizindikirochi chayikidwa, Dalaivala Yotulutsa Yambitsani imayendetsedwa ndi siginecha ya DDOV. Chizindikirochi chikachotsedwa, dalaivala wa Output amathandizidwa ndi DDxn Register bit.
Chithunzi cha DDOV	Direction Direction Kupitilira Mtengo	Ngati DDOE yakhazikitsidwa, Output Driver imathandizidwa / kuyimitsidwa pomwe DDOV yakhazikitsidwa / chitakonzedwa, mosasamala kanthu momwe DDxn Register idakhalira.
PVOE	Kunyalanyaza Mtengo Kwadongosolo Yambitsani	Chizindikiro ichi chikayikidwa ndipo driver Output yathandizidwa, mtengo wamtunduwu umayang'aniridwa ndi siginecha ya PVOV. Ngati PVOE itayeretsedwa, ndipo Dalaivala Yotulutsa ikuthandizidwa, Phindu la doko limayang'aniridwa ndi PORTxn Register bit.
Zithunzi za PVOV	Phindu Lopitilira Mtengo Wapatali	Ngati PVOE yakhazikitsidwa, mtengo wamdoko umayikidwa ku PVOV, ngakhale atakhala pang'ono PORTxn Register.
Chithunzi cha PTOE	Kunyalanyaza Kusintha Kwa Port Kutsegula	Ngati PTOE yakhazikitsidwa, PORTxn Register bit imasinthidwa.
Kufa	Kuyika Kwama digito Kuthandizani Kupitiliza Yambitsani	Ngati chidutswa ichi chikukhazikitsidwa, Digital Input Enable imayang'aniridwa ndi siginecha ya DIEOV. Chizindikiro ichi chikachotsedwa, Digital Input Enable imatsimikizika ndi boma la MCU (Njira Yabwino, Njira Yogona).
WOYO	Kuyika Kwama digito Thandizani Kupitilira Mtengo	Ngati DIEOE yakhazikitsidwa, kulowererapo kwa Digital kumathandizidwa / kulumala pomwe DIEOV yakhazikitsidwa / kuyeretsedwa, mosasamala kanthu za boma la MCU (Njira Yabwino, Njira Yogona).
DI	Malangizo a digito	Uku ndiye kulowetsa kwa Digital kuti muzisinthanitsa ntchito. Pachithunzichi, chizindikirocho chimalumikizidwa ndi zotulutsa za schmitt-trigger koma synchronizer isanachitike. Pokhapokha Digital Input igwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la wotchi, gawo lokhala ndi ntchito ina limagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chake.
AIO	Kulowetsa / Kutulutsa kwa Analog	Izi ndi Analog Input / Output to / kuchokera pa ntchito zina. Chizindikiro chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji pad, ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mozungulira.

Magawo otsatirawa posachedwa amafotokoza ntchito zina za doko lirilonse, ndikufotokozera zikwangwani zomwe zikupezeka pamwambapa. Onaninso kufotokozera kwina kwa ntchito kuti mumve zambiri.

Ntchito Zina za Port B

Zikhomo za Port B zokhala ndi ntchito ina zikuwonetsedwa Gulu 10-3.

Gulu 10-3. Port B Pini Ntchito Zina

Port Pin	Ntchito ina
PB5	Bwezeretsani: Bwezeretsani Pin dW: debugWIRE I / O ADC0: ADC Kulowetsa Channel 0 PCINT5: Kusinthana kwa Pin Kusintha, Gwero 5
PB4	XTAL2: Kutulutsa kwa Crystal Oscillator CLKO: Kutulutsa kwa Clock System ADC2: ADC Input Channel 2 OC1B: Timer / Counter1 Fananizani Kutulutsa B Kutulutsa PCINT4: Pin Sinthani Kusokoneza 0, Source 4
PB3	XTAL1: Zolowetsa Crystal Oscillator CLKI: Zolowetsa Wotchi Yakunja ADC3: ADC Input Channel 3 OC1B: Nthawi Yowonjezera / Counter1 Fananizani Kutulutsa B Kutulutsa PCINT3: Pin Change Interrupt 0, Source 3
PB2	SCK: siriyo Clock Lowetsani ADC1: ADC Lowetsani Channel 1 T0: Timer / Counter0 Clock Source USCK: USI Clock (Three Wire Mode) SCL: USI Clock (Two Waya Mode) INT0: Kusokoneza Kwina 0 Kulowetsa PCINT2: Pin Change Kusokoneza 0, Source 2
PB1	MISO: SPI Master Data Input / Slave Data Output AIN1: Analog Comparator, Negative Input OC0B: Timer / Counter0 Yerekezerani Kutulutsa B Kutulutsa OC1A: Timer / Counter1 Yerekezerani Kutulutsa Kwa Match A DO: USI Data Output (Three Waya Mode) PCINT1: Pin Change Zododometsa 0, Gwero 1
PB0	MOSI :: SPI Master Data Output / Slave Data Input AIN0: Analog Comparator, Positive Input OC0A: Timer/Counter0 Fananizani Match A zotsatira OC1A: Nthawi Yowonjezera / Counter1 Yerekezerani Machesi A Output DI: USI Data Input (Three Wire Mode) SDA: USI Data Input (Two Waya Mode) AREF: Kunja kwa Analog Reference PCINT0: Pin Sinthani Kusokoneza 0, Source 0

Port B, Bit 5 - Bwezeretsani / dW / ADC0 / PCINT5

Bwezeretsani: Zowonjezera zakunja ndizogwira ntchito zochepa ndipo zimathandizidwa ndi unprogramming ("1") Fuse ya RSTDISBL. Pullup imatsegulidwa ndipo kuyendetsa dalaivala ndi kulowetsa digito kumatsekedwa pomwe pini imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pini ya RESET.

dW: Fuse ya debugWIRE Enable (DWEN) ikakonzedwa ndipo ma bits a Lock sanakonzedwe, dongosolo la debugWIRE mkati mwa chipangizocho chimayambitsidwa. Khomo la RESET doko limapangidwa ngati waya-NDI (lotseguka) pini yolowera ya I / O yolumikizidwa ndi kukoka kumathandizira ndikukhala njira yolumikizirana pakati pa chandamale ndi emulator.

ADC0: Analogi to Digital Converter, Channel 0.

PCINT5: Pin Sinthani Kusokoneza gwero 5.

Port B, Pang'ono 4 - XTAL2 / CLKO / ADC2 / OC1B / PCINT4

XTAL2: Chip Clock Oscillator pin 2. imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pini ya wotchi yazinthu zonse za wotchi ya chip kupatula mkati mwa RC Oscillator ndi wotchi yakunja. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pini ya wotchi, piniyo singagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pini ya I / O. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito RC Oscillator wamkati kapena wotchi yakunja ngati magwero a Chip clock, PB4 imagwira ngati pini wamba wa I / O.

CLKO: Wotchi yoyeserera imatha kutulutsa pini PB4. Wotchi yogawanika ipangidwa ngati CKOUT Fuse idakonzedwa, mosasamala mawonekedwe a PORTB4 ndi DDB4. Idzatulukanso panthawi yokonzanso.

ADC2: Analogi to Digital Converter, Channel 2.

OC1B: Kutulutsa Yerekezerani Kutulutsa kwa Machesi: Pini ya PB4 itha kutulutsa ngati gawo lakunja kwa Timer / Counter1 Yerekezerani Match B mukakonzedwa ngati gawo (DDB4 set). Pini ya OC1B ndi pini yotulutsira ntchito ya PWM mode timer.

PCINT4: Pin Sinthani Kusokoneza gwero 4.

Port B, Pang'ono 3 - XTAL1 / CLKI / ADC3 / OC1B / PCINT3

XTAL1: Chip Clock Oscillator pin 1. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magwero onse a chip kupatula mkati mwa RC oscillator. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pini ya wotchi, piniyo singagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pini ya I / O.

CLKI: Kutumiza kwa Clock kuchokera pagwero lakunja, onani “Wotchi Yakunja” patsamba 26.

ADC3: Analogi to Digital Converter, Channel 3.

OC1B: Chotsatira Chosinthidwa Fananizani Kutulutsa: Pini ya PB3 itha kukhala ngati gawo lakunja kwa Timer / Counter1 Yerekezerani Machesi B mukakonzedwa ngati gawo (DDB3 set). Pini ya OC1B ndiyotinso pini yotulutsira PWM mode timer function.

PCINT3: Pin Sinthani Kusokoneza gwero 3.

Port B, Pang'ono 2 - SCK / ADC1 / T0 / USCK / SCL / INT0 / PCINT2

SCK: Kutulutsa kwa Master Clock, pini yolowetsa ya Kapolo Wotchi ya SPI. SPI ikathandizidwa ngati Kapolo, pini iyi imakonzedwa ngati cholowerera ngakhale mutakhala DDB2. SPI ikathandizidwa ngati Master, kuwongolera kwa pini iyi kumayang'aniridwa ndi DDPB2. Pini ikakakamizidwa ndi SPI kuti ilowetse, kukoka kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndi PORTB2 pang'ono.

ADC1: Analogi to Digital Converter, Channel 1.

T0: Chowerengetsera nthawi cha Counter / Counter0.

USCK: Mawonekedwe atatu a waya Universal Universal Interface Clock.

SCL: Mawonekedwe awiri a waya Serial Clock ya USI Mawonekedwe awiri a waya.

INT0: Kuthamangitsidwa kwakunja gwero 0.

PCINT2: Pin Sinthani Kusokoneza gwero 2.

Port B, Pang'ono 1 - MISO / AIN1 / OC0B / OC1A / DO / PCINT1

MISO: Kulowetsa kwa Master Data, pini yotulutsa kapolo ya SPI. SPI ikamathandizidwa ngati Master, pini iyi imakonzedwa ngati cholowerera ngakhale mutakhala DDB1. SPI ikathandizidwa ngati Kapolo, kuwongolera kwa pini iyi kumayang'aniridwa ndi DDB1. Pini ikakakamizidwa ndi SPI kuti ilowetse, kukoka kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndi PORTB1 pang'ono.

AIN1: Kulowetsa koyipa kwa Analog Comparator. Konzani pini ya doko ngati cholowetsera ndi kukoka kwamkati kuzimitsidwa kuti mupewe ntchito ya doko ya digito posokoneza ntchito ya Analog Comparator.

OC0B: Kutulutsa Yerekezerani Kutulutsa kwamasewera. Pini ya PB1 itha kukhala ngati gawo lakunja kwa Timer / Counter0 Yerekezerani Match B. Pini ya PB1 iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ngati chotulutsa (DDB1 set (one)) kuti igwire ntchitoyi. Pini ya OC0B ndi pini yotulutsira ntchito ya PWM mode timer.

OC1A: Kutulutsa Yerekezerani Kutulutsa kwa Machesi: Pini ya PB1 itha kukhala ngati gawo lakunja kwa Timer / Counter1 Yerekezerani Match B mukakonzedwa ngati gawo (DDB1 set). Pini ya OC1A ndi pini yotulutsira ntchito ya PWM mode timer.

CHITANI: Mawonekedwe atatu a waya Universal Universal Interface Data yotulutsa. Mawonekedwe atatu a waya Kutulutsa kwadongosolo kumapitilira mtengo wa PORTB1 ndipo imayendetsedwa padoko pomwe malangizo a DDB1 akhazikitsidwa (amodzi). PORTB1 imathandizabe kukoka, ngati malangizowo alowetsedwa ndipo PORTB1 yakhazikitsidwa (imodzi).

PCINT1: Pin Sinthani Kusokoneza gwero 1.

Port B, Pang'ono 0 - MOSI / AIN0 / OC0A / OC1A / DI / SDA / AREF / PCINT0

MOSI: Kutulutsa kwa SPI Master Data, Kulowetsa Zogwiritsira Ntchito Kapolo pa SPI. SPI ikathandizidwa ngati Kapolo, pini iyi imakonzedwa ngati cholowerera ngakhale mutakhala DDB0. SPI ikathandizidwa ngati Master, kuwongolera kwa pini iyi kumayang'aniridwa ndi DDB0. Pini ikakakamizidwa ndi SPI kuti ilowetse, kukoka kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndi PORTB0 pang'ono.

AIN0: Analog Comparator Positive Input. Konzani pini ya doko ngati cholowetsera ndi kukoka kwamkati kuzimitsidwa kuti mupewe ntchito ya doko ya digito posokoneza ntchito ya Analog Comparator.

OC0A: Kutulutsa Yerekezerani Kutulutsa kwamasewera. Pini ya PB0 itha kukhala ngati chotulutsa chakunja cha Timer / Counter0 Yerekezerani Match A mukakonzedwa ngati chotulutsa (DDB0 set (one)). Pini ya OC0A ndi pini yotulutsira ntchito ya PWM mode timer.

OC1A: Chotsatira Chosinthidwa Yerekezerani Kutulutsa Kofanana: Pini ya PB0 itha kukhala ngati gawo lakunja kwa Timer / Counter1 Yerekezerani Machesi B mukakonzedwa ngati gawo (DDB0 set). Pini ya OC1A ndiyonso pini yotulutsira ntchito ya PWM mode timer.

SDA: Mawonekedwe a waya awiri a Serial Interface Data.

AREF: Mauthenga Akunja a Analogi a ADC. Kutulutsa ndi kutulutsa koyendetsa kumayimitsidwa pa PB0 pomwe pini ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholozera chakunja kapena Internal Vol.tage Reference ndi capacitor wakunja pa pini ya AREF.

DI: Kulowetsa Data mu USI Mafayilo atatu. Mawonekedwe a waya atatu a USI sanyalanyaza magwiridwe antchito apadoko, chifukwa chake pini iyenera kukhazikitsidwa monga cholowetsera pa ntchito ya DI.

PCINT0: Pin Sinthani Kusokoneza gwero 0.

Gulu 10-4 ndi Gulu 10-5 gwirizanitsani ntchito zina za Port B ndi zikwangwani zazikulu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 10-5 mpaka tsamba 58.

Gulu 10-4. Kupitilira Zizindikiro za Ntchito Zina mu PB[5:3]

Dzina la Signal	PB5 / Bwezeretsani / ADC0 / PCINT5	PB4/ADC2/XTAL2/ OC1B/PCINT4	PB3/ADC3/XTAL1/ OC1B/PCINT3
PUOE	Mtengo wa RSTDISBL(1) • DWEN(1)	0	0
PUOV	1	0	0
DDOE	Mtengo wa RSTDISBL(1) • DWEN(1)	0	0
Chithunzi cha DDOV	Kutumiza kwa Wire	0	0
PVOE	0	OC1B Yambitsani	OC1B Yambitsani
Zithunzi za PVOV	0	OC1B	OC1B
Chithunzi cha PTOE	0	0	0
Kufa	Mtengo wa RSTDISBL(1) + (PCINT5 • PCIE + ADC0D)	PCINT4 • PCIE + ADC2D	PCINT3 • PCIE + ADC3D
WOYO	ADC0D	ADC2D	ADC3D
DI	Kuyika kwa PCINT5	Kuyika kwa PCINT4	Kuyika kwa PCINT3
AIO	Bwezeretsani Kulowetsa, ADC0 Kulowetsa	Kulowetsa kwa ADC2	Kulowetsa kwa ADC3

Zindikirani: pamene Fuse ndi "0" (Yakonzedwa).

Gulu 10-5. Kupitilira Zizindikiro za Ntchito Zina mu PB[2:0]

Dzina la Signal	PB2/SCK/ADC1/T0/ USCK/SCL/INT0/PCINT2	PB1/MISO/DO/AIN1/ OC1A/OC0B/PCINT1	PB0/MOSI/DI/SDA/AIN0/AR EF/OC1A/OC0A/ Zamgululi
PUOE	USI_TWO_WIRE	0	USI_TWO_WIRE
PUOV	0	0	0
DDOE	USI_TWO_WIRE	0	USI_TWO_WIRE
Chithunzi cha DDOV	(USI_SCL_HOLD + PORTB2) • DDB2	0	(SDA + PORTB0) • DDB0
PVOE	USI_TWO_WIRE • DDB2	OC0B Yambitsani + OC1A Yambitsani + USI_THREE_WIRE	OC0A Yambitsani + OC1A Yambitsani + (USI_TWO_WIRE Zamgululi
Zithunzi za PVOV	0	OC0B + OC1A + Chitani	OC0A + OC1A
Chithunzi cha PTOE	USITC	0	0
Kufa	PCINT2 • PCIE + ADC1D + USISIE	PCINT1 • PCIE + AIN1D	PCINT0 • PCIE + AIN0D + USISIE
WOYO	ADC1D	AIN1D	AIN0D
DI	T0 / USCK / SCL / INT0 / Kuyika kwa PCINT2	Kuyika kwa PCINT1	Kulowetsa kwa DI / SDA / PCINT0
AIO	Kulowetsa kwa ADC1	Kulowetsa Kuipa Kwa Analog Comparator	Zolemba za Analogi Zofananira Zabwino

Lembani Kufotokozera

Kulembetsa kwa MCUCR - MCU

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x35 pa	MABOD	PUD	SE	Mtengo wa SM1	Mtengo wa SM0	THUPI	ISC01	ISC00	Mtengo wa MCUCR
Werengani/Lembani	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Pang'ono 6 - PUD: Kokani-mmwamba Letsani

Tinthu timeneti tikamulembera imodzi, zokoka m'madoko a I / O zimayimitsidwa ngakhale DDxn ndi PORTxn Registers zikukonzedwa kuti zithandizire ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b01). Mwawona "Kupanga Pin" patsamba 54 kuti mumve zambiri za izi.

PORTB - Kulembetsa Kwama data ku Port B

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x18 pa	–	–	Chithunzi cha PORTB5	Chithunzi cha PORTB4	Chithunzi cha PORTB3	Chithunzi cha PORTB2	Chithunzi cha PORTB1	Chithunzi cha PORTB0	PORTB
Werengani/Lembani	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

DDRB - Port B Direction Direction Register

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x17 pa	–	–	Zamgululi	Zamgululi	Zamgululi	Zamgululi	Zamgululi	Zamgululi	DDRB
Werengani/Lembani	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

PINB - Adilesi Yowonjezera Ma Port B

Pang'ono	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x16 pa	–	–	Pulogalamu ya PINB5	Pulogalamu ya PINB4	Pulogalamu ya PINB3	Pulogalamu ya PINB2	Pulogalamu ya PINB1	Pulogalamu ya PINB0	Chithunzi cha PINB
Werengani/Lembani	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Mtengo Woyamba	0	0	N / A	N / A	N / A	N / A	N / A	N / A

8-bit Timer / Counter0 yokhala ndi PWM

Mawonekedwe

Zotuluka Zoyimira Ziwiri Fananizani Mayunitsi

Kutulutsa Kowiri Kwathu

Chotsani Timer pa Fananizani (Auto Reload)

Zopanda Glitch, Gawo Loyenera Kudulira M'lifupi Modulator (PWM)

Nthawi Yosintha ya PWM

Pafupipafupi jenereta

Katundu Wodziyimira pawokha Wosokoneza (TOV0, OCF0A, ndi OCF0B)

Zathaview

Timer / Counter0 ndicholinga cha 8-bit Timer / Counter module, chokhala ndi zida ziwiri zodziyimira pawokha, komanso ndi thandizo la PWM. Imalola nthawi yolondola yochitira pulogalamu (kuwongolera zochitika) ndi kupanga mafunde.

Chithunzi chosavuta cha 8-bit Timer / Counter chikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 11-1. Pakuika kwenikweni zikhomo za I / O, onetsani "Pinout ATtiny25 / 45/85" patsamba 2. Ma CPU omwe amapezeka ku I / O, kuphatikiza ma I / O zikhomo ndi zikhomo za I / O, amawonetsedwa molimba mtima. Maofesi a I / O omwe amadziwika ndi chipangizocho ndi malo omwe ali pang'ono adatchulidwa mu "Lembetsani Kufotokozera" patsamba 77.

The Timer/Counter (TCNT0) ndi Output Compare Registers (OCR0A ndi OCR0B) ndi zolembera za 8-bit. Pempho losokoneza (lofupikitsidwa ku Int.Req. pachithunzichi) zizindikiro zonse zikuwonekera mu Register ya Timer Interrupt Flag (TIFR). Zosokoneza zonse zimaphimbidwa ndi Timer Interrupt Mask Register (TIMSK). TIFR ndi TIMSK sizikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi.

The Timer/Counter ikhoza kutsekedwa mkati, kudzera pa prescaler, kapena ndi gwero la wotchi yakunja pa pini ya T0. Clock Select logic block block imayang'anira gwero la wotchi ndi malire a Timer/Counter kuti awonjezere (kapena kuchepetsa) mtengo wake. The Timer/Counter sikugwira ntchito ngati palibe gwero la wotchi lomwe lasankhidwa. Zotulutsa kuchokera ku Clock Select logic zimatchedwa wotchi yanthawi (clkT0).

The kawiri buffered linanena bungwe Fananizani kaundula (OCR0A ndi OCR0B) poyerekeza ndi Timer / kauntala mtengo nthawi zonse. Zotsatira zakuyerekeza zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Waveform Generator kuti apange PWM kapena kutulutsa mosiyanasiyana pama pini Oput0 (OC0A ndi OCXNUMXB). Onani “Chigawo Choyerekeza Chotsatsa” patsamba 69. mwatsatanetsatane. Choyerekeza cha Matchchi chikhazikitsanso Fananizani (OCF0A kapena OCF0B) yomwe itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Pempho Lofananitsani pempho losokoneza.

Matanthauzo

Zolemba zambiri komanso zolembedwa zazing'ono m'chigawo chino zidalembedwa momwemo. A lower case “n” amalowetsa powerengetsera nthawi / kauntala nambala, pamenepa 0. Mulingo wochepa “x” ulowa m'malo mwa Output Compare Unit, pamenepa Yerekezerani Unit A kapena Yerekezerani Unit B. Komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito kaundula kapena pang'ono amatanthauzira mu pulogalamu, mawonekedwe enieni ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, TCNT0 yopezera mtengo wa Timer / Counter0 ndi zina zotero.

Malingaliro mu Gulu 11-1 amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pazolemba zonse.

Gulu 11-1. Matanthauzo

Nthawi zonse	Kufotokozera
PASI	Kauntala imafika ku BOTTOM ikafika 0x00
MAX	Kauntala imafika pa MAXimum ake ikafika 0xFF (decimal 255)
KUPANGA	Kauntala imafika pa TOP ikadzakhala yofanana ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri motsatira kuchuluka kwake. Mtengo wa TOP ungaperekedwe kukhala mtengo wokhazikika 0xFF (MAX) kapena mtengo wosungidwa mu OCR0A Register. Ntchitoyi imadalira momwe ntchito imagwirira ntchito

Timer / Counter Prescaler ndi Zowonjezera Clock

Timer / Counter itha kutsegulidwa ndi wotchi ya mkati kapena yakunja. Gwero la wotchi limasankhidwa ndi Clock Select logic yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi ma Clock Select (c) mabatani omwe ali mu Timer / Counter0 Control Register (TCCR0B).

Chitsime Chamkati Clock ndi Prescaler

Timer/Counter0 ikhoza kutsekedwa mwachindunji ndi wotchi yadongosolo (pokhazikitsa CS0 [2:0] = 1). Izi zimapereka ntchito yothamanga kwambiri, yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri / yowerengera wotchi yofanana ndi ma frequency a wotchi (fCLK_I/O). Kapenanso, imodzi mwa matepi anayi kuchokera ku prescaler ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero la wotchi. Wotchi ya prescaled ili ndi ma frequency a mwina

Prescaler Yambitsaninso

Prescaler imathamanga mwaulele, mwachitsanzo, imagwira ntchito mopanda Clock Select logic ya Timer/Counter0. Popeza chowongolera sichimakhudzidwa ndi wotchi yanthawi / kauntala, momwe wotchiyo imakhalira imakhala ndi tanthauzo pamikhalidwe yomwe wotchi yoyang'aniridwa ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Example la prescaling artifact ndi pamene chowerengera / chowerengera chimayatsidwa ndikuwotchedwa ndi prescaler (6> CS0[2:0]> 1). Chiwerengero cha mawotchi a wotchi kuyambira pomwe chowerengera chatsegulidwa kuti chiwerengedwe choyamba chikhoza kukhala kuchokera ku 1 kupita ku N + 1 kuzungulira koloko, pomwe N ikufanana ndi prescaler divisor (8, 64, 256, kapena 1024).

N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito Prescaler Reset kuti mugwirizanitse Timer / Counter kuti mugwire ntchito.

Chitsime Clock Clock

Gwero la wotchi yakunja yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa pini ya T0 ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wotchi yanthawi / kauntala (clkT0). Pini ya T0 ndi sampkutsogozedwa kamodzi kozungulira koloko iliyonse ndi logic synchronization logic. The synchronized (sampled) chizindikiro chimadutsa

kudzera m'mphepete mwa chowunikira. Chithunzi 11-2 ikuwonetsa chithunzi chofanana ndi cholumikizira cha T0 ndi malingaliro a chowunikira m'mphepete. Ma regista amatsekedwa pamphepete mwa wotchi yamkati yamkati (clkI/O). Latch imaonekera mu nthawi yayitali ya wotchi yamkati.

Chowunikira cham'mphepete chimapanga clkT0 pulse pamtundu uliwonse (CS0 [2: 0] = 7) kapena woipa (CS0 [2: 0] = 6) m'mphepete mwake umazindikira.

Ma OCR0x Registers amapindidwa kawiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse ya Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Pazogwirira ntchito zodziwika bwino za Clear Timer on Compare (CTC), kugwedeza kawiri kumalephereka. Kubowoleza kawiri kumagwirizanitsa kusinthidwa kwa OCR0x Yerekezerani MaRejista kukhala pamwamba kapena pansi paziwerengero zonse. Mgwirizanowu umalepheretsa kupezeka kwazitali zazing'ono, zosagwirizana za PWM, potero kumapangitsa kuti kutulutsa kukhale kopanda tanthauzo.

Kufikira kwa OCR0x Register kumatha kuwoneka kovuta, koma sizili choncho. Kutsegulira kawiri kukathandizidwa, CPU imatha kupeza OCR0x Buffer Register, ndipo ngati kubwereza kawiri kuli kolemala CPU ipeza OCR0x mwachindunji.

Limbikitsani Kutulutsa Fananizani

M'mitundu yopanda PWM yopanga mawonekedwe, kutulutsa kofananako kumatha kukakamizidwa polemba imodzi ku chidutswa cha Force Output Compare (FOC0x). Kukakamiza Kufananitsa sikungakhazikitse OCF0x Flag kapena kutsegulanso / kutsegulira nthawi, koma pini ya OC0x idzasinthidwa ngati kuti Match Match adachitikadi (makonda a COM0x [1: 0] amatanthauzira ngati pini ya OC0x yakonzedwa, yatsukidwa kapena toggled).

Yerekezerani Kutseka Kwa Match ndi TCNT0 Lembani

Ntchito zonse za CPU zolembera ku TCNT0 Register zidzaletsa Match Match omwe amapezeka munthawi yotsatira ya timer, ngakhale nthawiyo itayimitsidwa. Izi zimalola OCR0x kuti iyambitsidwe pamtengo wofanana ndi TCNT0 popanda kuyambitsa kusokoneza nthawi ya Timer / Counter ikayatsidwa.

Pogwiritsa Ntchito Chigawo Choyerekeza

Popeza kulemba TCNT0 muntchito iliyonse kudzalepheretsa kufananiza konse kwa nthawi imodzi, pali zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakusintha TCNT0 mukamagwiritsa ntchito Unit Output Compare, osadalira kuti Timer / Counter ikuyenda kapena ayi. Ngati phindu lolembedwera TCNT0 likufanana ndi mtengo wa OCR0x, Match Match adzasoweka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wolakwika wamawonekedwe. Momwemonso, musalembe mtengo wa TCNT0 wofanana ndi BOTTOM pomwe kauntala akuwerengera.

Kukhazikitsa kwa OC0x kuyenera kuchitidwa musanakhazikitse Direction Direction Register kuti pini ya doko iperekedwe. Njira yosavuta yoyikira mtengo wa OC0x ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito ma strobe strobe Force Output Compare (FOC0x) mumachitidwe Olondola. Ma OC0x Registers amasunga mfundo zawo ngakhale asintha pakati pa mitundu ya Waveform Generation.

Dziwani kuti ma COM0x [1: 0] ma bits samalumikizidwa kawiri ndikufananiza. Kusintha ma bits a COM0x [1: 0] kutha kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo.

Fananizani Chigawo Chotsitsira Machesi

Makina a Compare Out Output (COM0x [1: 0]) ali ndi ntchito ziwiri. Waveform Generator imagwiritsa ntchito ndalama za COM0x [1: 0] pofotokozera dziko la Output Compare (OC0x) pamtengo wotsatira. Komanso, ma COM0x [1: 0] amayang'anira gwero lotulutsa pini la OC0x. Chithunzi 11-6 ikuwonetsa chiwonetsero chosavuta chamalingaliro omwe akhudzidwa ndi mtundu wa COM0x [1: 0]. Ma I / O Registers, ma bits a I / O, ndi zikhomo za I / O pachithunzipa zikuwonetsedwa molimba mtima. Ndi ziwalo zokhazokha za I / O Port Control Registers (DDR ndi PORT) zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ma COM0x [1: 0] zomwe zimawonetsedwa. Ponena za dziko la OC0x, mawuwa amatanthauza Kulembetsa OC0x mkati, osati pini ya OC0x. Ngati kukonzanso dongosolo kumachitika, OC0x Register imasinthidwa kukhala "0".

OC0A / OC0B ikalumikizidwa ndi pini ya I / O, magwiridwe antchito a COM0A [1: 0] / COM0B [1: 0] amatengera mtundu wa WGM0 [2: 0]. Gulu 11-2 imawonetsa magwiridwe antchito a COM0x [1: 0] pomwe ma bits a WGM0 [2: 0] akhazikitsidwa ngati njira yabwinobwino kapena CTC (yopanda PWM).

Gulu 11-2. Fananizani Mawonekedwe Otulutsa, mawonekedwe osakhala a PWM

Kufotokozera: COM0A1 COM0B1	Kufotokozera: COM0A0 COM0B0	Kufotokozera
0	0	Ntchito yoyendetsa doko, OC0A / OC0B idalumikizidwa.
0	1	Sinthani OC0A / OC0B pa Fananizani Machesi
1	0	Chotsani OC0A / OC0B pa Fananizani Machesi
1	1	Khazikitsani OC0A / OC0B pa Fananizani Machesi

Gulu 11-3 imawonetsa magwiridwe antchito a COM0x [1: 0] pomwe ma bits a WGM0 [2: 0] akhazikitsidwa kuti azisintha mawonekedwe a PWM.

Gulu 11-3. Fananizani Mawonekedwe Otulutsa, Njira Yachangu ya PWM(1)

Kufotokozera: COM0A1 COM0B1	Kufotokozera: COM0A0 COM0B0	Kufotokozera
0	0	Ntchito yoyendetsa doko, OC0A / OC0B idalumikizidwa.
0	1	Zosungidwa
1	0	Chotsani OC0A / OC0B poyerekeza Mechi, ikani OC0A / OC0B ku BOTTOM (njira yosasinthana)
1	1	Khazikitsani OC0A / OC0B poyerekeza Mechi, chotsani OC0A / OC0B ku BOTTOM (njira yosinthira)

Chidziwitso: Chochitika chapadera chimachitika OCR0A kapena OCR0B ilingana ndi TOP ndipo COM0A1/COM0B1 yakhazikitsidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, kufananitsako sikunyalanyazidwa, koma kuyika kapena kumveka kumachitika PABOTTOM. Mwaona "Njira Yothamanga ya PWM" patsamba 73 kuti mumve zambiri.

Gulu 11-4 ikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a COM0x [1: 0] pomwe ma bits a WGM0 [2: 0] akhazikitsidwa kuti apange gawo lolondola la PWM.

Gulu 11-4. Fananizani Mawonekedwe Otulutsa, Njira Yolondola ya PWM(1)

Kufotokozera: COM0A1 COM0B1	Kufotokozera: COM0A0 COM0B0	Kufotokozera
0	0	Ntchito yoyendetsa doko, OC0A / OC0B idalumikizidwa.
0	1	Zosungidwa
1	0	Chotsani OC0A / OC0B pa Fananizani Masewera mukamawerengera. Khazikitsani OC0A / OC0B pa Fananizani Machesi powerengera.
1	1	Khazikitsani OC0A / OC0B pa Fananizani Machesi mukawerengera. Chotsani OC0A / OC0B pa Fananizani Masewera mukamawerenga.

Zindikirani: 1. Chochitika chapadera chimachitika pamene OCR0A kapena OCR0B ikufanana ndi TOP ndipo COM0A1/COM0B1 yakhazikitsidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, Com-pare Match imanyalanyazidwa, koma kuyika kapena kumveka kumachitidwa pa TOP. Mwaona "Njira Yolondola ya PWM" patsamba 74 kuti mumve zambiri.

Tinthu 3: 2 - Res: Tinthu tosungidwa

Ma bits awa ndi mabatani osungidwa mu ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndipo nthawi zonse amawerengedwa ngati zero.

Tinthu 1: 0 - WGM0 [1: 0]: Waveform Generation Mode

Kuphatikizidwa ndi chidutswa cha WGM02 chomwe chimapezeka mu TCCR0B Register, ma bitswa amayang'anira kuwerengera kwa kauntala, gwero la mtengo wotsika kwambiri (TOP), ndi mtundu wanji wamapangidwe amagetsi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito, onani Gulu 11-5. Njira zogwirira ntchito zothandizidwa ndi unit Timer / Counter unit ndi: Normal mode (counter), Clear Timer on Compare Match (CTC) mode, ndi mitundu iwiri ya Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) modes (onani "Njira Zogwirira Ntchito" patsamba 71).

Gulu 11-5. Waveform Generation Mode Bit Kufotokozera

Mode	Chithunzi cha WGM02	Chithunzi cha WGM01	Chithunzi cha WGM00	Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Timer / Counter	KUPANGA	Kusintha kwa OCRx pa	Mbendera ya TOV Yakhazikika
0	0	0	0	Wamba	0xf pa	Nthawi yomweyo	MAX(1)
1	0	0	1	PWM, Gawo Lolondola	0xf pa	KUPANGA	PASI(2)
2	0	1	0	Mtengo CTC	OCRA	Nthawi yomweyo	MAX(1)
3	0	1	1	Mtengo wapatali wa magawo PWM	0xf pa	PASI(2)	MAX(1)
4	1	0	0	Zosungidwa	–	–	–
5	1	0	1	PWM, Gawo Lolondola	OCRA	KUPANGA	PASI(2)
6	1	1	0	Zosungidwa	–	–	–
7	1	1	1	Mtengo wapatali wa magawo PWM	OCRA	PASI(2)	KUPANGA

Pang'ono 7 - FOC0A: Mphamvu Yotulutsa Yerekezerani A.

Pang'ono pa FOC0A imangogwira ntchito pomwe ma WGM amatchula mtundu womwe si wa PWM.

Komabe, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwirizana ndi zida zamtsogolo, chidutswa ichi chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa zero pomwe TCCR0B idalembedwa ikugwira ntchito mu PWM mode. Mukamalemba zomveka ku FOC0A pang'ono, Fananizani mwachangu imakakamizidwa pagulu la Waveform Generation. Zotsatira za OC0A zimasinthidwa kutengera makonda ake a COM0A [1: 0]. Dziwani kuti chidutswa cha FOC0A chimayendetsedwa ngati strobe. Chifukwa chake ndi phindu lomwe lilipo mu zidutswa za COM0A [1: 0] zomwe zimatsimikizira kukakamizidwa kufananizidwa.

Strobe ya FOC0A siyimapanga chilichonse chosokoneza, kapena kuwunikira nthawi mu CTC mode pogwiritsa ntchito OCR0A ngati TOP. Pang'ono FOC0A imawerengedwa ngati zero.

Pang'ono 6 - FOC0B: Chotsani Mphamvu Yerekezerani B

FOC0B bit imangogwira pomwe ma WGM amatchula mtundu wosakhala wa PWM.

Komabe, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwirizana ndi zida zamtsogolo, chidutswa ichi chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa zero pomwe TCCR0B idalembedwa ikugwira ntchito mu PWM mode. Mukamalemba zomveka ku FOC0B bit, Match of Match amakakamizidwa pa gawo la Waveform Generation. Zotsatira za OC0B zimasinthidwa kutengera makonda ake a COM0B [1: 0]. Dziwani kuti chidutswa cha FOC0B chimayendetsedwa ngati strobe. Chifukwa chake ndi phindu lomwe lilipo mu zidutswa za COM0B [1: 0] zomwe zimatsimikizira kukakamizidwa kufananizidwa.

Strobe ya FOC0B siyipanganso kusokoneza kulikonse, kapena kuwunikira nthawi mu CTC mode pogwiritsa ntchito OCR0B ngati TOP.

Boma la FOC0B nthawi zonse limawerengedwa ngati zero.

Tinthu 5: 4 - Res: Tinthu tosungidwa

Ma bits awa ndi mabatani osungidwa mu ATtiny25 / 45/85 ndipo nthawi zonse amawerengedwa ngati zero.

Pang'ono 3 - WGM02: Mawonekedwe a Waveform Generation

Onani malongosoledwe mu "TCCR0A - Timer / Counter Control Register A" patsamba 77.

Tinthu 2: 0 - CS0 [2: 0]: Clock Select

Ma Clock Select Select atatu amasankha gwero la ola kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito ndi Timer / Counter.

Gulu 11-6. Koloko Sankhani Kufotokozera Pang'ono

CS02	CS01	CS00	Kufotokozera
0	0	0	Palibe gwero la wotchi (Powerengera / Counter yaima)
0	0	1	clkI/O/(Palibe kukweza)
0	1	0	clkI/O/8 (Kuchokera ku prescaler)
0	1	1	clkI/O/64 (Kuchokera ku prescaler)
1	0	0	clkI/O/256 (Kuchokera ku prescaler)
1	0	1	clkI/O/1024 (Kuchokera ku prescaler)
1	1	0	Wotchi yakunja pa pini ya T0. Clock kumapeto.
1	1	1	Wotchi yakunja pa pini ya T0. Clock kumapeto.

Ngati mitundu yakunja ya pini imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Timer / Counter0, kusinthana kwa pini ya T0 kumayang'anira kauntala ngakhale piniyo itakonzedwa ngati chotulutsa. Izi zimalola kuwongolera mapulogalamu kuwerengera.

Kauntala ndi Fananizani Units

Ntchito yonse ya Timer / Counter1 imafotokozedweratu modabwitsa ndipo magwiridwe ake munjira yolumikizirana amatchulidwa pokhapokha ngati pali kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi. Chithunzi 12-2 imawonetsa kaundula wa Timer / Counter 1 kaundula wa block yolumikizana ndi kuchedwetsa kulumikizana pakati pa kaundula. Dziwani kuti tsatanetsatane wazonse zosunga wotchi sakuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi. Mitengo ya kaundula ya Timer / Counter1 imadutsa m'kaundula wamkati wolumikizirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulumikizanaku kuzengereze, zisanakhudze ntchito yotsutsa. Zolembetsera TCCR1, GTCCR, OCR1A, OCR1B, ndi OCR1C zitha kuwerengedwanso pambuyo polemba kalembera. Zowerengera zakumbuyo zikuchedwa kulembetsa ka Timer / Counter1 (TCNT1) ndi mbendera (OCF1A, OCF1B, ndi TOV1), chifukwa cholumikizira kulumikizana ndi kutulutsa.

Timer / Counter1 ili ndi malingaliro apamwamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molondola kwambiri pamakhala mwayi wotsika. Itha kuthandizanso modulators awiri olondola, othamanga kwambiri, 8-bit Pulse Width Modulators pogwiritsa ntchito liwiro la wotchi mpaka 64 MHz (kapena 32 MHz mu Low Speed Mode). Momwemonso, Timer / Counter1 ndi zomwe zimafananizidwa zimalembetsa ngati ma PWM apawokha omwe ali ndi zotulukapo zosasunthika zosasinthidwa. Tchulani tsamba 86 kuti mumve tsatanetsatane wa ntchitoyi. Momwemonso, mwayi wapamwamba wopangitsa kuti gululi likhale lothandiza pantchito zothamanga kwambiri kapena munthawi yeniyeni yogwira ntchito zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi.

Chithunzi 12-2. Timer/Counter 1 Synchronization Registry Block Diagram.

Timer / Counter1 ndi prescancer zimaloleza kuyendetsa CPU kuchokera kulikonse pomwe wotsogola akugwira ntchito pa 64 MHz (kapena 32 MHz mu Low Speed Mode) PCK munthawi yozungulira.

Dziwani kuti mawonekedwe amtundu wa wotchi ayenera kukhala ochepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a pafupipafupi a PCK. Njira yolumikizirana ya asynchronous Timer / Counter1 imafunikira osachepera m'mbali ziwiri za PCK pomwe nthawi yayitali. Ngati mafupipafupi a nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndizowopsa kuti deta kapena kuwongolera kutayika.

Zotsatirazi Chithunzi 12-3 ikuwonetsa chithunzi chojambulidwa cha Timer / Counter1.

Gulu 12-1. Fananizani Mode Select mu PWM Mode

COM1x1	COM1x0	Zotsatira pa Kutulutsa Yerekezerani Pins
0	0	OC1x sichigwirizana. OC1x sichigwirizana.
0	1	OC1x idakonzedwa poyerekeza machesi. Khazikitsani pameneTCNT1 = $ 00. OC1x yakhazikitsidwa poyerekeza machesi. Kutsegulidwa pamene TCNT1 = $ 00.
1	0	OC1x idakonzedwa poyerekeza machesi. Khazikitsani pamene TCNT1 = $ 00. OC1x sichigwirizana.
1	1	OC1x Ikani yerekezerani machesi. Kutsegulidwa pamene TCNT1 = $ 00. OC1x sichigwirizana.

Makhalidwe a ADC

Gulu 21-8. Makhalidwe a ADC, Njira Zomaliza Zokha. TA = -40°C mpaka +85°C

Chizindikiro	Parameter	Mkhalidwe	Min	Lembani	Max	Mayunitsi
	Kusamvana				10	Bits
	Kulondola kwathunthu (Kuphatikiza INL, DNL, ndi Quantization, Zolakwika ndi Kupeza zolakwika)	VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, Nthawi ya ADC = 200 kHz		2		LSB
		VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, Nthawi ya ADC = 1 MHz		3		LSB
		VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, Nthawi ya ADC = 200 kHz Njira Yochepetsera Phokoso		1.5		LSB
		VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, Nthawi ya ADC = 1 MHz Njira Yochepetsera Phokoso		2.5		LSB
	Integral Non-linearity (INL) (Zowona pambuyo pazochepetsa ndikupeza calibration)	VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, Nthawi ya ADC = 200 kHz		1		LSB
	Masiyanidwe Osiyanasiyana (DNL)	VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, Nthawi ya ADC = 200 kHz		0.5		LSB
	Pezani Cholakwika	VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, Nthawi ya ADC = 200 kHz		2.5		LSB
	Vuto lakunja	VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, Nthawi ya ADC = 200 kHz		1.5		LSB
	Nthawi Yotembenuka	Kutembenuka Kwaulere Kwaulere	14		280	.s
	Clock Pafupipafupi		50		1000	kHz
VIN	Lowetsani Voltage		GND		Chithunzi cha VREF	V
	Lowetsani bandiwifi			38.4		kHz
AREF	Mawu akunja Voltage		2.0		Chithunzi cha VCC	V
VINT	Mkati Voltage Reference		1.0	1.1	1.2	V
VINT	Zolemba Zamkati za 2.56V (1)	VCC> 3.0V	2.3	2.56	2.8	V
RREF				32		kΩ
MVULA	Kukaniza Kulowetsa Analog			100		MΩ
	Zotsatira za ADC		0		1023	LSB

Zindikirani: 1. Miyezo ndi malangizo okha.

Gulu 21-9. Makhalidwe a ADC, Njira Zosiyana (Unipolar Mode). TA = -40°C mpaka +85°C

Chizindikiro	Parameter	Mkhalidwe	Min	Lembani	Max	Mayunitsi
	Kusamvana	Phindu = 1x			10	Bits
	Kusamvana	Phindu = 20x			10	Bits
	Kulondola kwathunthu (Kuphatikiza INL, DNL, ndi Kuchulukitsa, Kupeza ndi Kulakwitsa Zolakwitsa)	Phindu = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		10.0		LSB
		Phindu = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		20.0		LSB
	Kuphatikizika Kosagwirizana (INL) (Zowona pambuyo Pakukhumudwitsa ndikupeza Kuyeserera)	Phindu = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		4.0		LSB
		Phindu = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		10.0		LSB
	Pezani Cholakwika	Phindu = 1x		10.0		LSB
	Pezani Cholakwika	Phindu = 20x		15.0		LSB
	Vuto lakunja	Phindu = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		3.0		LSB
	Vuto lakunja	Phindu = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		4.0		LSB
	Nthawi Yotembenuka	Kutembenuka Kwaulere Kwaulere	70		280	.s
	Clock Pafupipafupi		50		200	kHz
VIN	Lowetsani Voltage		GND		Chithunzi cha VCC	V
VDIFF	Lowetsani Kusiyana kwa Voltage				VREF/Gain	V
	Lowetsani bandiwifi			4		kHz
AREF	Mawu akunja Voltage		2.0		VCC - 1.0	V
VINT	Mkati Voltage Reference		1.0	1.1	1.2	V
VINT	Zolemba Zamkati za 2.56V (1)	VCC> 3.0V	2.3	2.56	2.8	V
RREF	Reference Lowetsani Kutsutsana			32		kΩ
MVULA	Kukaniza Kulowetsa Analog			100		MΩ
	Kutulutsa kwa ADC Kutembenuka		0		1023	LSB

Zindikirani: Makhalidwe ndi malangizo okha.

Gulu 21-10. Makhalidwe a ADC, Njira Zosiyana (Bipolar Mode). TA = -40°C mpaka +85°C

Chizindikiro	Parameter	Mkhalidwe	Min	Lembani	Max	Mayunitsi
	Kusamvana	Phindu = 1x			10	Bits
	Kusamvana	Phindu = 20x			10	Bits
	Kulondola kwathunthu (Kuphatikiza INL, DNL, ndi Kuchulukitsa, Kupeza ndi Kulakwitsa Zolakwitsa)	Phindu = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		8.0		LSB
		Phindu = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		8.0		LSB
	Kuphatikizika Kosagwirizana (INL) (Zowona pambuyo Pakukhumudwitsa ndikupeza Kuyeserera)	Phindu = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		4.0		LSB
		Phindu = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		5.0		LSB
	Pezani Cholakwika	Phindu = 1x		4.0		LSB
	Pezani Cholakwika	Phindu = 20x		5.0		LSB
	Vuto lakunja	Phindu = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		3.0		LSB
	Vuto lakunja	Phindu = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V Nthawi ya ADC = 50 - 200 kHz		4.0		LSB
	Nthawi Yotembenuka	Kutembenuka Kwaulere Kwaulere	70		280	.s
	Clock Pafupipafupi		50		200	kHz
VIN	Lowetsani Voltage		GND		Chithunzi cha VCC	V
VDIFF	Lowetsani Kusiyana kwa Voltage				VREF/Gain	V
	Lowetsani bandiwifi			4		kHz
AREF	Mawu akunja Voltage		2.0		VCC - 1.0	V
VINT	Mkati Voltage Reference		1.0	1.1	1.2	V
VINT	Zolemba Zamkati za 2.56V (1)	VCC> 3.0V	2.3	2.56	2.8	V
RREF	Reference Lowetsani Kutsutsana			32		kΩ
MVULA	Kukaniza Kulowetsa Analog			100		MΩ
	Kutulutsa kwa ADC Kutembenuka		-512		511	LSB

Chidule cha Malangizo

Mnemonics	Ntchito	Kufotokozera	Ntchito	Mbendera	#Mawonekedwe
MALANGIZO A ARITHMETIC NDI LOGIC
ADD	Rd, ndi	Onjezani ma Registry awiri	Rd ← Rd + Rr	Z, C, N, V, H	1
ADC	Rd, ndi	Onjezani ndi Tengani maRejista awiri	Rd ← Rd + Rr + C	Z, C, N, V, H	1
ADIW	Rdl, K	Onjezani Posachedwa ku Mawu	Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl + K	Z, C, N, V, S	2
SUB	Rd, ndi	Chotsani maRejista awiri	Rd ← Rd - Rr	Z, C, N, V, H	1
UP	Rd, K	Chotsani Zosasintha ku Register	Rd ← Rd – K	Z, C, N, V, H	1
Mtengo wa SBC	Rd, ndi	Chotsani ndi Kunyamula ma Regista awiri	Rd ← Rd – Rr – C	Z, C, N, V, H	1
Mtengo wa SBCI	Rd, K	Chotsani ndi Carry Constant kuchokera ku Reg.	Rd ← Rd – K – C	Z, C, N, V, H	1
Zamgululi	Rdl, K	Chotsani Pomwepo kuchokera pa Mawu	Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl – K	Z, C, N, V, S	2
NDI	Rd, ndi	Zomveka NDI Zolembetsa	Rd ← Rd ∙ Rr	Z, N, V	1
ANDI	Rd, K	Zomveka NDI Kulembetsa komanso Zosasintha	Rd ← Rd ∙ K	Z, N, V	1
OR	Rd, ndi	Zomveka KAPENA Zolembetsa	Rd ← Rd v Rr	Z, N, V	1
ORI	Rd, K	Zomveka OR Kulembetsa komanso Zosasintha	Rd ← Rd v K	Z, N, V	1
EOR	Rd, ndi	Zophatikiza KAPENA Zolembetsa	Rd ← Rd ⊕ Rr	Z, N, V	1
COM	Rd	Wokwanira	Rd ← 0xFF − Rd	Z, C, N, V	1
NEG	Rd	Zokwanira ziwiri	Rd ← 0x00 − Rd	Z, C, N, V, H	1
Zithunzi za SBR	Rd, K	Ikani Zolemba mu Register	Rd ← Rd v K	Z, N, V	1
Mtengo CBR	Rd, K	Chotsani ma Bit (s) mu Register	Rd ← Rd ∙ (0xFF - K)	Z, N, V	1
INC	Rd	Kuwonjezeka	Rd ← Rd + 1	Z, N, V	1
DEC	Rd	Kuchepetsa	Rd ← Rd − 1	Z, N, V	1
Mtengo wa TST	Rd	Yesani Zero kapena Minus	Rd ← Rd ∙ Rd	Z, N, V	1
CLR	Rd	Chotsani Register	Rd ← Rd ⊕ Rd	Z, N, V	1
SER	Rd	Khazikitsani Register	Rd ← 0xFF	Palibe	1
MALANGIZO A NTHAWI
RJMP	k	Jump Yachibale	PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	2
IJMP		Pitani molunjika ku (Z)	PC ← Z	Palibe	2
KUKHALA	k	Kuyimbira Kwa Subroutine	PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	3
NDIMAYIMBA		Kuitanitsa Molunjika ku (Z)	PC ← Z	Palibe	3
RET		Subroutine Kubwerera	PC ← STACK	Palibe	4
CHITSANZO		Kusokoneza Kubwerera	PC ← STACK	I	4
CPSE	Rd, Rr	Yerekezerani, Pitani ngati Wofanana	ngati (Rd = Rr) PC ← PC + 2 kapena 3	Palibe	1/2/3
CP	Rd, Rr	Yerekezerani	Rd − Rr	Z, N, V, C, H	1
CPC	Rd, Rr	Yerekezerani ndi Carry	Rd − Rr − C	Z, N, V, C, H	1
Mtengo CPI	Rd, K	Yerekezerani Kulembetsa ndi Nthawi yomweyo	Rd - K	Z, N, V, C, H	1
Mtengo wa SBRC	Wolemba, b	Pitani ngati Bit mu Register Yachotsedwa	ngati (Rr(b)=0) PC ← PC + 2 kapena 3	Palibe	1/2/3
Zamgululi	Wolemba, b	Pitani ngati Bit mu Register yakhazikitsidwa	ngati (Rr(b)=1) PC ← PC + 2 kapena 3	Palibe	1/2/3
Mtengo wa SBIC	P, b	Pitani ngati Kulembetsa mu I / O Kwachotsedwa	ngati (P(b)=0) PC ← PC + 2 kapena 3	Palibe	1/2/3
Mtengo wa SBIS	P, b	Pitani ngati Bit mu I / O Register idakhazikitsidwa	ngati (P(b)=1) PC ← PC + 2 kapena 3	Palibe	1/2/3
Zamgululi	s, k. k. k	Nthambi ngati Mkhalidwe Woyimira	ngati (SREG(s) = 1) ndiye PC←PC+k + 1	Palibe	1/2
Zamgululi	s, k. k. k	Nthambi ngati Chizindikiro Chachikhalidwe Chachotsedwa	ngati (SREG(s) = 0) ndiye PC←PC+k + 1	Palibe	1/2
Zotsatira BREQ	k	Nthambi ngati Yofanana	ngati (Z = 1) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
BRNE	k	Nthambi ngati Siyofanana	ngati (Z = 0) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
Mtengo wa BRCS	k	Nthambi ngati Imani	ngati (C = 1) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
Mtengo wa BRCC	k	Nthambi ngati Carry Yachotsedwa	ngati (C = 0) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
BRSH	k	Nthambi ngati Yofanana kapena Yapamwamba	ngati (C = 0) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
BRLO	k	Nthambi ngati Yotsika	ngati (C = 1) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
Zamgululi	k	Nthambi ngati Minus	ngati (N = 1) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
Mtengo wa BRPL	k	Nthambi ngati kuphatikiza	ngati (N = 0) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
BRGE	k	Nthambi ngati Yaikulu kapena Yofanana, Yosainidwa	ngati (N ⊕ V= 0) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
BRLT	k	Nthambi ngati Zochepera Zero, Zasainidwa	ngati (N ⊕ V= 1) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
MABWINO	k	Nthambi ngati Half Yonyamula Mbendera	ngati (H = 1) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
ZOKHUDZA	k	Nthambi ngati Half Carry Flag Yayeretsedwa	ngati (H = 0) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
Mtengo wa BRTS	k	Nthambi ngati T Flag Set	ngati (T = 1) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
Mtengo wa BRTC	k	Nthambi ngati T Flag Itayeretsedwa	ngati (T = 0) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
ZOCHITIKA	k	Nthambi ngati Mbendera Yosefukira Yakhazikitsidwa	ngati (V = 1) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
Zamgululi	k	Nthambi ngati Mbendera Yosefukira Ichotsedwa	ngati (V = 0) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
CHIDULE	k	Nthambi ngati Kusokoneza Kuloleza	ngati (I = 1) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
Mkwatibwi	k	Nthambi ngati Kusokoneza Kulemala	ngati (I = 0) ndiye PC ← PC + k + 1	Palibe	1/2
MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA NDI OTHANDIZA
SBI	P, b	Khazikitsani Bit mu I / O Register	I/O(P,b) ← 1	Palibe	2
CBI	P, b	Chotsani Pang'ono mu Kulembetsa kwa I / O	I/O(P,b) ← 0	Palibe	2
LSL	Rd	Zomveka Shift Kumanzere	Rd(n+1) ← Rd(n), Rd(0) ← 0	Z, C, N, V	1
Zithunzi za LSR	Rd	Zomveka Shift Kumanja	Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), Rd(7) ← 0	Z, C, N, V	1
AKALE	Rd	Sinthasintha Kumanzere Kudzera Ponyamula	Rd(0)←C,Rd(n+1)←Rd(n),C←Rd(7)	Z, C, N, V	1
ROR	Rd	Sinthasintha mpaka muyende	Rd(7)←C,Rd(n)←Rd(n+1),C←Rd(0)	Z, C, N, V	1
ASR	Rd	Masamu Kaonedwe Kumanja	Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), n=0..6	Z, C, N, V	1

Mnemonics	Ntchito	Kufotokozera	Ntchito	Mbendera	#Mawonekedwe
SINTHA	Rd	Sinthani Nibbles	Rd(3..0)←Rd(7..4),Rd(7..4)←Rd(3..0)	Palibe	1
BSET	s	Sungani Zoyimira	SREG(ma) ← 1	SREG (m)	1
Mtengo wa BCLR	s	Mbendera Yoyera	SREG(ma) ← 0	SREG (m)	1
Mtengo wa BST	Wolemba, b	Sitolo Yapang'ono kuchokera ku Register mpaka T	T ← Rr(b)	T	1
BLD	ndi, b	Katundu wochepa kuchokera ku T mpaka kukalembetsa	Rd(b) ← T	Palibe	1
Mtengo wa magawo SEC		Khazikitsani	C ← 1	C	1
Mtengo wa CLC		Chotsani Chonyamula	C ← 0	C	1
SEN		Ikani Mbendera Yoyipa	N ← 1	N	1
Mtengo wa CLN		Chotsani Cholakwika	N ← 0	N	1
SEZ		Ikani Zero Flag	Z ← 1	Z	1
CLZ		Chotsani Zero Flag	Z ← 0	Z	1
SEI		Global Interrupt Yambitsani	Ine ← 1	I	1
CLI		Kusokoneza Padziko Lonse Letsani	Ine ← 0	I	1
SES		Ikani Chizindikiro Choyeserera Chosainidwa	S ← 1	S	1
Malingaliro a kampani CLS		Chotsani Chizindikiro Choyeserera Chosainidwa	S ← 0	S	1
SEV		Khazikitsani Kusefukira Kwawiri.	V ← 1	V	1
Mtengo wa CLV		Chotsani Kukula Kokwanira Kachiwiri	V ← 0	V	1
KHALANI		Ikani T mu SREG	T← 1	T	1
Chithunzi cha CLT		Chotsani T mu SREG	T← 0	T	1
SEH		Ikani Mbendera Yoyenda Nawo mu SREG	H ← 1	H	1
CLH		Chotsani Half Carry Flag ku SREG	H ← 0	H	1
MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA DATA
Zithunzi za MOV	Rd, ndi	Sungani Pakati pa Registers	Rd ← Rr	Palibe	1
Mtengo wa MOVW	Rd, ndi	Lembani Kulembetsa Mawu	Rd+1:Rd ← Rr+1:Rr	Palibe	1
LDI	Rd, K	Katundu Posachedwa	Rd ← K	Palibe	1
LD	ndi, X	Katundu Wosalunjika	Rd ← (X)	Palibe	2
LD	Rd, X +	Kutenga Indirect ndi Post-Inc.	Rd ← (X), X ← X + 1	Palibe	2
LD	Rd, - X	Katundu Wosalunjika ndi Pre-Dec.	X ← X – 1, Rd ← (X)	Palibe	2
LD	Rd, Y	Katundu Wosalunjika	Rd ← (Y)	Palibe	2
LD	Rd, Y +	Kutenga Indirect ndi Post-Inc.	Rd ← (Y), Y ← Y + 1	Palibe	2
LD	Rd, - Y	Katundu Wosalunjika ndi Pre-Dec.	Y ← Y – 1, Rd ← (Y)	Palibe	2
LDD	Rd, Y + q	Katundu Wosalunjika Ndi Kusamutsidwa	Rd ← (Y + q)	Palibe	2
LD	ndi, Z	Katundu Wosalunjika	Rd ← (Z)	Palibe	2
LD	Rd, Z +	Kutenga Indirect ndi Post-Inc.	Rd ← (Z), Z ← Z+1	Palibe	2
LD	Ndi, -Z	Katundu Wosalunjika ndi Pre-Dec.	Z ← Z – 1, Rd ← (Z)	Palibe	2
LDD	Rd, Z + q	Katundu Wosalunjika Ndi Kusamutsidwa	Rd ← (Z + q)	Palibe	2
LDS	Wogulitsa, k	Tengerani Direct kuchokera ku SRAM	Rd ← (k)	Palibe	2
ST	X, ndi	Sungani Mwachindunji	(X) ← U	Palibe	2
ST	X +, Rr	Sungani Indirect ndi Post-Inc.	(X) ← Rr, X ← X + 1	Palibe	2
ST	- X, Rr	Sungani Zosalunjika ndi Pre-Dec.	X ← X – 1, (X) ← Rr	Palibe	2
ST	Y, ndi	Sungani Mwachindunji	(Y) ← Rr	Palibe	2
ST	Y +, Rr	Sungani Indirect ndi Post-Inc.	(Y) ← Rr, Y ← Y + 1	Palibe	2
ST	- Y, Rr	Sungani Zosalunjika ndi Pre-Dec.	Y ← Y – 1, (Y) ← Rr	Palibe	2
Matenda a STD	Y + q, Rr	Sungani Molunjika ndi Kusamutsidwa	(Y + q) ← Rr	Palibe	2
ST	Z, ndi	Sungani Mwachindunji	(Z) ← U	Palibe	2
ST	Z +, Rr	Sungani Indirect ndi Post-Inc.	(Z) ← Rr, Z ← Z + 1	Palibe	2
ST	-Z, ndi	Sungani Zosalunjika ndi Pre-Dec.	Z ← Z – 1, (Z) ← Rr	Palibe	2
Matenda a STD	Z + q, Rr	Sungani Molunjika ndi Kusamutsidwa	(Z + q) ← Rr	Palibe	2
Zithunzi za STS	k, ndi	Sungani Molunjika ku SRAM	(k) ← U	Palibe	2
LPM		Katundu Wokumbukira Pulogalamu	R0 ← (Z)	Palibe	3
LPM	ndi, Z	Katundu Wokumbukira Pulogalamu	Rd ← (Z)	Palibe	3
LPM	Rd, Z +	Kukumbukira Kwadongosolo la Katundu ndi Post-Inc	Rd ← (Z), Z ← Z+1	Palibe	3
SPM		Sungani Pulogalamu Yokumbukira	(z) ← R1:R0	Palibe
IN	Rd, P	Ku Port	Rd ← P	Palibe	1
OUT	P, ndi	Kutuluka Port	P ← U	Palibe	1
KANKHANI	Rr	Lembetsani Kulembetsa pa Stack	STACK ← Rr	Palibe	2
POP	Rd	Kulembetsa Pop kuchokera ku Stack	Rd ← STACK	Palibe	2
MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA A MCU
NOP		Palibe Ntchito		Palibe	1
GONA		Gona	(onani tsatanetsatane wa ntchito yakugona)	Palibe	1
WDR		Woyang'anira Bwezeretsani	(onani kutsikira kwina kwa WDR / Timer)	Palibe	1
BREAK		Kuswa

Liwiro (MHz) (1)	Wonjezerani Voltagndi (V)	Kutentha Kusiyanasiyana	Phukusi (2)	Kodi Kuyitanitsa (3)
10	1.8-5.5	Industrial (-40 ° C mpaka + 85 ° C) (4)	8 p3	Zamgululi
			Chithunzi cha 8S2	ATtiny45V-10SU ATtiny45V-10SUR ATtiny45V-10SH ATtiny45V-10SHR
			8X	Kufotokozera: ATTiny45V-10XU ATTiny45V-10XUR
			Mtengo wa 20M1	Kufotokozera: ATTiny45V-10MU ATTiny45V-10MUR
20	2.7-5.5	Industrial (-40 ° C mpaka + 85 ° C) (4)	8 p3	Chithunzi cha ATtiny45-20PU
			Chithunzi cha 8S2	Chidziwitso45-20SU Chidziwitso45-20SUR Zowonjezera45-20SH Zolemba45-20SHR
			8X	Zowonjezera45-20XU Zolemba45-20XUR
			Mtengo wa 20M1	Zovuta45-20MU Zolemba45-20MUR

Zindikirani: 1. Kwa liwiro vs. supply voltage, onani gawo 21.3 "Liwiro" patsamba 163.

Maphukusi onse ndi opanda Pb, opanda ma halide komanso obiriwira kwathunthu ndipo amatsatira lamulo la ku Europe lothana ndi zoopsa (RoHS).

Zizindikiro za code

H: NiPdAu amaliza kutsogolera

U: matte malata

R: tepi & chokulungira

Zipangizozi zimatha kuperekedwanso m'njira yotchinga. Chonde nditumizireni ofesi yakampani yogulitsa ku Atmel kuti mulembetse zambiri komanso zambiri.

Zolakwitsa

Kulakwitsa ATTiny25

Kalata yowunikiranso yomwe ili m'chigawo chino ikunena za kukonzanso kwa chipangizo cha ATtiny25.

Rev D - F

Palibe zolakwika zodziwika.

Rev B - C

Kuwerenga kwa EEPROM kumatha kulephera pamagetsi otsikatage / otsika pafupipafupi wotchi

Kuyesa kuwerenga EEPROM pamayendedwe otsika komanso/kapena kutsika kwamagetsitage zitha kubweretsa data yolakwika.

Vuto Lokonza / Kugwira Ntchito

Osagwiritsa ntchito EEPROM pomwe mawotchi amafupipafupi ali pansi pa 1MHz ndikupereka voltage ndi pansi 2v. Ngati ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito sangathe kukwezedwa pamwamba pa 1MHz ndiye perekani voliyumutage ayenera kukhala oposa 2V. Mofananamo, ngati kupereka voltagE sangathe kukwezedwa pamwamba pa 2V ndiye ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kukhala oposa 1MHz.

Izi zimadziwika kuti zimadalira kutentha koma sizinadziwike. Malangizo amaperekedwa kwa kutentha kwapakati, kokha.

Rev A

Osati sampLed.

Kulakwitsa ATTiny45

Kalata yowunikiranso yomwe ili m'chigawo chino ikunena za kukonzanso kwa chipangizo cha ATtiny45.

Mbusa F - G

Palibe zolakwika zodziwika

Rev D - E

Kuwerenga kwa EEPROM kumatha kulephera pamagetsi otsikatage / otsika pafupipafupi wotchi

Kuyesa kuwerenga EEPROM pamayendedwe otsika komanso/kapena kutsika kwamagetsitage zitha kubweretsa data yolakwika.

Vuto Lokonza / Kugwira Ntchito

Izi zimadziwika kuti zimadalira kutentha koma sizinadziwike. Malangizo amaperekedwa kwa kutentha kwapakati, kokha.

Rev B - C

PLL osatseka

Kuwerengedwa kwa EEPROM kuchokera ku nambala yofunsira sikugwira ntchito mu Lock Bit Mode 3

Kuwerenga kwa EEPROM kumatha kulephera pamagetsi otsikatage / otsika pafupipafupi wotchi

Nthawi yowerengera 1 PWM yotulutsa pa OC1B- XOC1B sigwira bwino ntchito

PLL osatseka

Mukakhala pafupipafupi pansi pa 6.0 MHz, PLL siyikhoma

Vuto lokonzekera / Kugwira ntchito

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito PLL, thawirani 6.0 MHz kapena kupitilira apo.

Kuwerengedwa kwa EEPROM kuchokera ku nambala yofunsira sikugwira ntchito mu Lock Bit Mode 3

Pamene Memory Lock Bits LB2 ndi LB1 zasinthidwa kukhala mode 3, kuwerenga kwa EEPROM sikugwira ntchito kuchokera pa nambala yothandizira.

Vuto Konzani / Gwirani mozungulira

Musakhazikitse Njira Yotetezera Pokha 3 pomwe nambala yofunsira iyenera kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku EEPROM.

Kuwerenga kwa EEPROM kumatha kulephera pamagetsi otsikatage / otsika pafupipafupi wotchi

Kuyesa kuwerenga EEPROM pamayendedwe otsika komanso/kapena kutsika kwamagetsitage zitha kubweretsa data yolakwika.

Vuto Lokonza / Kugwira Ntchito

Izi zimadziwika kuti zimadalira kutentha koma sizinadziwike. Malangizo amaperekedwa kwa kutentha kwapakati, kokha.

Timer Counter 1 Kutulutsa kwa PWM pa OC1B - XOC1B sikugwira ntchito molondola

Timer Counter1 PWM yotulutsa OC1B-XOC1B sikugwira ntchito molondola. Pokhapokha ngati maulamuliro, COM1B1 ndi COM1B0 ali ofanana ndi COM1A1 ndi COM1A0, motsatana, OC1B-XOC1B yotulutsa imagwira ntchito molondola.

Vuto Konzani / Gwirani mozungulira

Ntchito yokhayo yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezo pakuwongolera COM1A [1: 0] ndi COM1B [1: 0] ma bits, onani tebulo 14- 4 papepala. Vuto lakonzedwa kuti Tiny45 rev D.

Rev A

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwamphamvu kwambiri

DebugWIRE imasiyitsa kulumikizana ikamakwatira ikusokoneza

PLL osatseka

Kuwerengedwa kwa EEPROM kuchokera ku nambala yofunsira sikugwira ntchito mu Lock Bit Mode 3

Kuwerenga kwa EEPROM kumatha kulephera pamagetsi otsikatage / otsika pafupipafupi wotchi

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwamphamvu kwambiri

Zinthu zitatu zidzapangitsa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu kwambiri. Izi ndi:

Wotchi yakunja imasankhidwa ndi mafyuzi, koma I / O PORT imathandizidwabe ngati zotulutsa.

EEPROM imawerengedwa musanalowe pansi.

VCC ndi 4.5 volts kapena kupitilira apo.

Chodzikanira: Zomwe zili m'chikalatachi zaperekedwa zokhudzana ndi zinthu za Atmel. Palibe chilolezo, chofotokozera kapena chonenedwa, mwa estoppel kapena mwanjira ina, ku ufulu waumwini uliwonse womwe waperekedwa ndi chikalatachi kapena pokhudzana ndi kugulitsa zinthu za Atmel. KUPOKERA MONGA ZIMENE ZAKHALIDWERA M'MFUNDO NDI MIKHALIDWE YA MA ATMEL OTSATIRA PA ATMEL. WEBSITE, ATMEL AMAPEZA NTCHITO CHILICHONSE NDIPO AKANENA CHIFUKWA CHILICHONSE, CHOCHITIKA KAPENA CHOCHITIKA CHOGWIRIZANA NDI ZOGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZAKE KUphatikizirapo, KOMA ZOSAKHALA NDI, CHITINDIKO CHOMWE CHAKUGWIRITSA NTCHITO, KUKHALA KWAMBIRI, KUKHALA WOGWIRITSA NTCHITO. PALIBE NTCHITO ATMEL IDZAKHALA NDI NTCHITO PA CHIYAMBI, INDIRECT, ZOTSATIRA, CHILANGO, CHAPADERA KAPENA ZOWONONGA ZABWINO (KUPHATIKIZAPO, POPANDA CHIPELEKERO, ZOYANG'ANIRA ZOTAYIKA NDI PHINDU, KUSOWA KWA Bzinesi, KAPENA KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO CHIDZIWITSO) ZOKHUDZA ZIMENEZI, NGAKHALE NGATI ATMEL ANALANGIZIDWA ZA KUTHEKA KWA ZINTHU ZIMENEZI.

Atmel sapereka zoyimira kapena zitsimikizo pokhudzana ndi kulondola kapena kukwanira kwa zomwe zili mu chikalatachi ndipo ali ndi ufulu wosintha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe azinthu nthawi iliyonse popanda chidziwitso. Atmel sadzipereka kuti asinthe zomwe zili pano. Pokhapokha zitaperekedwa mwanjira ina, zinthu za Atmel sizoyenera, ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, pamagalimoto. Zogulitsa za Atmel sizinapangidwe, zololedwa, kapena zovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zithandizire kapena kuchirikiza moyo.

Maumboni

Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito

Atmel 8-bit AVR Microcontroller yokhala ndi 2/4/8K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash

Mawonekedwe

Zathaview

Kusunga Deta

Mawu Oyamba

General Purpose Register File

Cholozera Stack

Nthawi Yopangira Ntchito

Bwezeretsani ndikusokoneza Kusamalira

Kusokoneza Nthawi Yoyankha

Kupewa Ziphuphu za EEPROM

Njira Zosankha Clock ndi Clock

Mkati 128 kHz Oscillator

Chosintha Clock Clock

Lembani Kufotokozera

Zolepheretsa

Lembani Kufotokozera

System Control ndi Yambitsaninso

Kuzindikira Kwa Brown

Kusokoneza

I/O Madoko

Ntchito Zina za Port

Timer / Counter Prescaler ndi Zowonjezera Clock

Kauntala ndi Fananizani Units

Zizindikiro za code

Vuto Lokonza / Kugwira Ntchito

Maumboni

Siyani ndemanga

Letsani yankho