Atmel 8-ntsis AVR Microcontroller nrog 2/4/8K Bytes Hauv-System Programmable Flash
Nta
- Kev ua haujlwm siab, Tsawg Hwjchim AVR® 8-ntsis Microcontroller
- Advanced RISC Architecture
- 120 Cov Lus Qhia Muaj Zog - Feem Ntau Ib Leeg Lub voj voog raug tua
- 32 x 8 Tus Thawj Coj Ua Haujlwm Tag Nrho
- Siab Ua Haujlwm Zoo Li Qub
- Qhov tsis-hloov pauv Program thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Cim
- 2/4 / 8K Bytes ntawm System-Programmable Program nco Flash
- Endurance: 10,000 Sau/Erase Cycles
- 128/256/512 Bytes Hauv-System Programmable EEPROM
- Endurance: 100,000 Sau/Erase Cycles
- 128/256/512 Bytes Sab Hauv SRAM
- Qhov Kev Npaj Cuam Tshuam rau Yus Tus Kheej Qhov Kev Kawm Flash thiab EEPROM Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Nyab Xeeb
Nta Rau Nta
- 8-ntsis Timer / Txee Nrog Prescaler thiab Ob PWM Raws
- 8-ntsis Kev Kub Ceev Lub Sijhawm / Txheeb Xyuas nrog Cais Nrog
- 2 Kev Tshaj Tawm PWM Ntau Tshaj Tawm nrog Cov Cais Tawm Tshaj Tawm Sib Xws Cov Zauv
- Lub sij hawm ua haujlwm tuag Programmable
- USI - Universal Serial Interface nrog Pib Tshawb Ntes
- 10-ntsis ADC
4 Ib Leeg Xaus
2 Txawv ADC Channel Pairs nrog Programmable Tau (1x, 20x)
Kev ntsuas kub
Programmable Watchdog Timer nrog Cais Rau On-chip Oscillator
Hauv-nti Analog Kev sib piv
Tshwj Xeeb Microcontroller Nta
debugWIRE On-nti Debug System
Hauv-System Programmable ntawm SPI Chaw nres nkoj
Sab nraud thiab Sab Nraud Qhov Chaw Tiv Thaiv
Tsawg zog kaw, ADC Suab nrov kom tsawg, thiab cov qauv fais fab-down
Txhim Kho Lub Zog Ntawm Kev Txuas hluav taws xob
Programmable Brown-tawm Nrhiav Circuit Court
Sab Hauv Calibrated Oscillator
I / O thiab Pob
Rau Programmable I / O Kab
8-tus pin PDIP, 8 tus pin SOIC, 20-pad QFN / MLF, thiab 8 tus pin TSSOP (tsuas yog ATtiny45 / V)
Kev Ua Haujlwm Voltage
- 1.8 - 5.5V rau ATtiny25V / 45V / 85V
- 2.7 - 5.5V rau ATtiny25 / 45/85
Qib Qib
- ATtiny25V / 45V / 85V: 0 - 4 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V, 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V
- ATtiny25 / 45/85: 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V, 0 - 20 MHz @ 4.5 - 5.5V
Muaj Qhov Ntsuas Kub
Kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg
Hom tsis nquag:
1 MHz, 1.8V: 300 µA
Lub hwj chim-down hom:
Tus pin teeb
Pinout ATtiny25 / 45/85
Pin Descriptions
VCC: Supply voltage.
GND: Hauv av.
Chaw nres nkoj B (PB5: PB0): Chaw nres nkoj B yog 6-ntsis bi-directional I / O chaw nres nkoj nrog sab hauv rub-up resistors (xaiv rau txhua qhov me me). Qhov chaw nres nkoj B tso zis buffers muaj symmetrical tsav yam ntxwv nrog ob lub dab dej siab thiab qhov peev xwm. Raws li inputs, Chaw nres nkoj B pins uas yog sab nraud rub tawm qis yuav qhov tam sim no yog tias lub rub-up resistors tau qhib. Qhov chaw nres nkoj B pins yog tri-hais thaum lub sijhawm rov pib ua haujlwm, txawm tias lub moos tsis ua haujlwm.
Chaw nres nkoj B kuj pabcuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm ATtiny25 / 45/85 raws li tau teev tseg
Ntawm ATtiny25, qhov programmable I / O cov chaw nres nkoj PB3 thiab PB4 (pins 2 thiab 3) tau sib pauv hauv ATtiny15 Kev Sib Tw Hom rau kev txhawb nqa rov qab sib raug zoo nrog ATtiny15.
RESET: Pib dua input. Qib qis ntawm tus pin no ntev dua li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus mem tes ntev yuav tsim kom rov pib dua, txawm tias lub moos tsis tau khiav thiab muab tus pin rov pib dua tsis tau ua haujlwm. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus mem tes ntev yog muab rau hauv Table 21-4 hauv paj 165Cov. Lub sijhawm luv dua ntawm lub ntsej muag tsis tuaj yeem lav tias yuav tsim dua tshiab.
Tus xov tooj pib siv dua kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv ua tus lej (tsis muaj zog) I / O tus pin.
Tshajview
Lub ATtiny25 / 45/85 yog lub zog CMOS 8 me ntsis microcontroller raws cov AVR txhim kho RISC architecture. Los ntawm kev ua cov lus qhia muaj zog hauv ib lub moos kev ua haujlwm, lub ATtiny25 / 45/85 ua tiav dhau ntawm kev nkag mus rau 1 MIPS ib MHz tso cai rau tus tsim qauv tsim kom muaj zog siv hluav taws xob piv rau kev ua kom nrawm.
Thaiv tau Diagram
AVR tseem ceeb ua ke cov kev qhia nplua nuj teeb nrog 32 lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm sau npe. Tag nrho 32 tus neeg sau npe kawm ncaj qha mus rau Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), pub ob tus neeg sau npe ywj siab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv ib qho kev qhia tua hauv ib lub moos. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tsev yog qhov chaws tau zoo dua thaum ua tiav cov kev sib nkag siab txog li kaum zaus kom nrawm dua li cov tuam txhab tswj hwm CISC.
Lub ATtiny25 / 45/85 muab cov yam ntxwv li nram no: 2/4 / 8K bytes ntawm In-System Programmable Flash, 128/256/512 bytes EEPROM, 128/256/256 bytes SRAM, 6 lub hom phiaj dav dav I / O kab, 32 dav dav cov laj thawj ua haujlwm sau npe, ib qho 8-ntsis Timer / Txee nrog cov sib piv qauv, ib qho 8-ntsis siab ceev Timer / Txee, Universal Serial Interface, Sab hauv thiab Sab Nraud Sab Nraud, 4-channel, 10-ntsis ADC, programmable Watchdog Timer nrog sab hauv Oscillator, thiab peb software software xaiv lub zog txuag hluav taws xob. Hom tsis ua haujlwm nres lub CPU thaum tso cai rau SRAM, Timer / Txee, ADC, Analog Comparator, thiab cuam tshuam lub kaw lus los txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm. Fais fab-down hom txuag cov ntaub ntawv sau npe, kaw tag nrho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm kom txog thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis kho vajtse rov tom qab. ADC suab nrov txo hom nres lub CPU thiab txhua I / O modules tshwj tsis yog ADC, kom txo qis suab nrov thaum hloov ADC.
Cov cuab yeej siv yog tsim siv Atmel lub siab ntom tsis ceev hluav taws xob nco technology. On-chip ISP Flash tso cai rau Lub Program nco kom rov ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv-System los ntawm SPI serial interface, los ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj lub cim xeeb programmer lossis los ntawm On-chip boot code khiav ntawm AVR core.
Lub ATtiny25 / 45/85 AVR tau txais kev txhawb nqa nrog kev ua tiav thiab kev tsim kho cov cuab yeej xws li: Cov Kws Tsim Nyog, Macro Assemblers, Qhov Kev Pab cuam Debugger / Simulators thiab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Cuab Yeej Siv.
Hais txog Kev Pabcuam
Muaj ntau txheej kev txhim kho, cov ntawv thov sau thiab teev cov ntaub ntawv muaj rau rub tawm http://www.atmel.com/avr.
Txoj Cai Examples
Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov lej yooj yim examples uas luv luv qhia yuav siv ntau yam khoom siv li cas. Cov cai no examples xav tias ib feem tshwj xeeb header file suav nrog ua ntej muab tso ua ke. Nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua tus neeg muag khoom C compiler suav nrog cov ntsiab lus me me hauv kab ntawv files thiab cuam tshuam kev tuav tswj hauv C yog nyob ntawm tus neeg suav. Thov lees paub nrog C cov ntaub ntawv sau ua ke kom paub meej ntxiv.
Rau I / O Cov Chaw Teev nyob hauv daim I / O daim ntawv qhia txuas ntxiv, "IN", "OUT", "SBIS", "SBIC", "CBI", thiab "SBI" cov lus qhia yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov lus qhia uas tso cai nkag tau mus ntxiv I / O. Feem ntau, qhov no txhais tau tias "LDS" thiab "STS" ua ke nrog "SBRS", "SBRC", "SBR", thiab "CBR". Nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua txhua AVR li suav nrog kev txuas I / O daim ntawv qhia ntxiv.
Capacitive Touch Sensing
Atmel QTouch Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv muab cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim rau kev kov cov cuam tshuam ntawm Atmel AVR microcon- trollers. QTouch Library suav nrog kev txhawb nqa rau QTouch® thiab QMatrix® txoj kev tau txais.
Kev nkag siab kov tau yooj yim ntxiv rau txhua daim ntawv thov los ntawm kev txuas QTouch Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv thiab siv Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Ua Haujlwm (API) ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv los txhais cov kev sib chwv sib chwv thiab cuam tshuam. Daim ntawv thov tom qab ntawd hu tus API mus khaws cov ntaub ntawv channel thiab txiav txim siab lub xeev ntawm lub ntsuas cua kov.
QTouch Library yog pub dawb thiab tuaj yeem rub tawm los ntawm Atmel webqhov chaw. Yog xav paub ntxiv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua tiav, xa mus rau QTouch Library Cov Lus Qhia Siv - kuj tseem muaj los ntawm Atmel webqhov chaw.
Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia
Cov txiaj ntsig kev ntseeg tau pom tau hais tias qhov kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia tsis ua hauj lwm yog tsawg dua 1 PPM tshaj 20 xyoo ntawm 85 ° C lossis 100 xyoo ntawm 25 ° C.
AVR CPU Tub Ntxhais
Taw qhia
Seem no yuav tham txog AVR lub hauv paus ntu kos duab. Lub ntsiab haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm CPU core yog kom ntseeg tau tias txhim kho cov haujlwm. Lub CPU yuav tsum yog li ntawd tuaj yeem nkag mus rau kev nco, ua kev suav, tswj cov khoom ntu, thiab tswj kev cuam tshuam.
Architectural Tshajview
Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab zoo ibyam, AVR siv Harvard architecture - nrog cov cim nco thiab caij tsheb npav rau cov haujlwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Cov lus qhia hauv Qhov Txheej Txheem nco qab yog tua nrog ib qib kev xa dej. Thaum ib qho kev qhia raug ua tiav, kev qhia ntxiv tom ntej yog npaj los ntawm lub Cim xeeb. Cov tswv yim no ua rau cov lus qhia kom ua tiav nyob rau txhua lub moos. Qhov Program nco yog hauv-System Reprogrammable Flash nco.
Sau npe nkag tau sai File muaj 32 x 8-ntsis cov hom phiaj ua haujlwm sau npe nrog ib lub sij hawm nkag mus rau lub sijhawm. Qhov no tso cai rau ib lub voj voog Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) ua haujlwm. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ALU ib txwm, ob lub operands yog tso tawm los ntawm Kev Sau Npe File, kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau khaws cia rov qab rau hauv Kev Sau Npe File- hauv ib moos kev voj voog.
Rau ntawm 32 tus ntawv sau npe tuaj yeem siv ua peb 16-ntsis tsis ncaj ncees chaw nyob taw qhia cov ntaub ntawv rau Chaw Chaw Nyob - ua kom cov chaw nyob muaj txiaj ntsig suav. Ib ntawm cov ntsiab lus chaw nyob no tseem tuaj yeem siv ua qhov chaw nyob tus taw tes rau saib cov ntxhuav hauv Flash Program nco. Cov tso npe ntxiv uas tau tso npe tawm yog 16-ntsis X-, Y-, thiab Z-sau npe, tau piav qhia tom qab hauv ntu no.
Lub ALU txhawb kev ua lej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv sau npe lossis ntawm cov tsis tu ncua thiab cov ntawv sau npe. Tib qho kev sau npe ua haujlwm tseem tuaj yeem tua hauv ALU. Tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv lej, Kev Tso Cai Rau Npe raug kho dua tshiab kom pom cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua haujlwm.
Txoj kev khiav dej num yog muab los ntawm kev dhia thiab tsis suav thiab hu cov lus qhia, tuaj yeem hais ncaj qha rau tag nrho cov chaw nyob. Cov lus qhia hauv AVR feem ntau muaj cov lus 16-ntsis lus, tab sis kuj tseem muaj 32-ntsis cov lus qhia.
Thaum lub sijhawm cuam tshuam thiab hu tawm subroutine, qhov chaw nyob xa rov qab Program Counter (PC) muab cia rau ntawm Kev Cuam Tshuam. Cov Khib tau faib kom zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv dav dav SRAM, thiab yog li ntawd Qhov Cuam Tshuam tsuas yog txwv los ntawm tag nrho cov SRAM loj thiab kev siv ntawm SRAM. Txhua tus neeg siv cov phiaj xwm yuav tsum tau pib ua haujlwm hauv SP hauv qhov rov pib dua (ua ntej ua haujlwm ncua lossis cuam tshuam). Tus Txheej Txheem Paj Nruag (SP) yog nyeem / sau nkag mus hauv qhov chaw I / O chaw. Cov ntaub ntawv SRAM tuaj yeem nkag tau yooj yim los ntawm tsib qhov sib txawv chaw nyob hauv hom AVR architecture.
Cov cim xeeb chaw hauv AVR architecture yog txhua kab thiab chaw cim chaw nco.
Ib qho kev cuam tshuam hloov tau mus ntxiv muaj nws txoj kev rau npe tswj nyob rau hauv I / O chaw nrog ntxiv rau Ntiaj Teb Ntxiv Kev cuam tshuam Siv me ntsis hauv Kev Sau Npe. Tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam cais cais Vector nyob hauv lub rooj cuam tshuam Vector. Qhov kev cuam tshuam yog qhov muaj feem thib raws li lawv txoj haujlwm Kev cuam tshuam Vector. Qhov qis dua ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Vector chaw nyob, qhov tseem ceeb dua.
I/O qhov chaw nco muaj 64 qhov chaw nyob rau CPU ib leeg ua haujlwm li Tswj Kev Sau Npe, SPI, thiab lwm yam I/O ua haujlwm. Lub cim xeeb I/O tuaj yeem nkag mus ncaj qha, lossis raws li Cov Chaw Cov Ntaub Ntawv qhov chaw tom qab cov Reg-ister File0x20, 0x5f ua.
ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit
Kev ua haujlwm siab AVR ALU ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas ncaj qha nrog txhua 32 lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm sau npe. Hauv tib lub voj voog moos, kev ua lej kev txheeb ze ntawm cov sau npe hom phiaj lossis los ntawm kev sau npe thiab ib qho ua tiav tam sim ntawd. Cov haujlwm ALU tau muab faib ua peb pawg loj - kev ua lej, xaij, thiab haujlwm me. Qee qhov kev nqis tes ua ntawm cov qauv kos duab kuj tseem muaj lub zog ua txhawb nqa ob qhov kos npe / tsis kos npe sib txuam thiab cov fractional. Saib tshooj “Cov Lus Qhia Teev” rau cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws.
Cov xwm txheej sau npe
Cov Ntawv Teev Npe muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev qhia txog kev ua lej tam sim no. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem siv rau kev hloov kho cov kev pab cuam kom thiaj li ua tiav haujlwm. Nco ntsoov tias Txoj Cai Rau Npe raug hloov kho tom qab tag nrho cov haujlwm ALU, raws li teev hauv Cov Lus Qhia Teeb Tseg. Qhov no yuav muaj ntau qhov kev tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv cov lus qhia sib piv cov lus qhia, uas ua rau kom nrawm dua thiab ntau txoj kab lus.
Cov Ntawv Sau Npe yuav tsis cia li khaws cia thaum nkag mus hauv lub sijhawm uas cuam tshuam thiab rov qab los thaum rov los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm software.
SREG - AVR Cov Ntawv Tso Npe Sau Npe
AVR Cov Ntawv Tso Npe Sau Npe - SREG - yog txhais tias:
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x3f | I | T | H | S | V | N | Z | C | SREG |
Nyeem/Sau | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ntsis 7 - Kuv: Thoob Ntiaj Teb Txhim Kho Kom Siv
Ntiaj teb no Kev cuam tshuam kom me me yuav tsum tau tsim rau qhov cuam tshuam kom thiaj li ua tau. Cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus kheej sib cuam tshuam tswj tau tom qab tau ua nyias nyob hauv kev tswj tuav npe. Yog tias Lub Ntiaj Teb Pabcuam Chaw Nkag Nkag Mus tau raug tshem tawm, tsis muaj ib qho kev cuam tshuam yuav tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm tus kheej cuam tshuam los ntawm kev teeb tsa. Qhov I-ntsis raug tshem tawm los ntawm kho vajtse tom qab kev cuam tshuam tau tshwm sim, thiab tau teeb tsa los ntawm RETI cov lus qhia kom qhib kev cuam tshuam tom ntej. Qhov I-ntsis tseem tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa thiab tshem tawm los ntawm cov ntawv thov nrog SEI thiab CLI cov lus qhia, raws li tau piav qhia hauv cov kev qhia teeb tsa ua piv txwv.
Ntsis 6 - T: Bit Daim Ntawv Cia
Cov ntawv qhia me ntsis BLD (Bit LoaD) thiab BST (Bit STore) siv T-ntsis ua qhov chaw lossis qhov chaw rau kev ua haujlwm me ntsis. Ib me ntsis los ntawm kev sau npe hauv Tus Sau Npe File tuaj yeem theej rau hauv T los ntawm BST cov lus qhia, thiab me ntsis hauv T tuaj yeem theej rau me ntsis hauv kev sau npe hauv Npe File los ntawm kev qhia BLD
Ntsis 5 - H: Ib Nrab Nkag Ntoo
Tus Chij Half Ib Nrab H nqa tau qhia tias Ib Nrab Ua Ib Nrab Ua Tsheb Hauv qee cov kev ua lej. Ib Nrab Carry muaj txiaj ntsig hauv BCD kev ua lej. Saib "Cov Lus Qhia Teev Cov Lus Qhia" kom paub cov ntsiab lus.
Bit 4 – S: Kos Npe, S = N ⊕ V
S-bit yog ib txwm muaj tshwj xeeb lossis dhau ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tsis Zoo N thiab Ob Txoj Kev Nkag Mus Los Tus Cwj Vwm V. Saib ntawm "Kev Qhia Cov Lus Qhia" rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws.
Tshuav 3 - V: Ob Txoj Kev Nkag Nkag Rau Tus Huab Tais
Qhov Ob Txoj Kev Nkag Ua Haujlwm Ua Ntej V txhawb nqa ob qho kev sib txuam laij zauv. Saib "Cov Lus Qhia Teev Cov Lus Qhia" kom paub cov ntsiab lus.
Ntsis 2 - N: Kev Pom Tsis Zoo
Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsis Zoo N qhia tau qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ua rau kev laij lej lossis kev ua laj thawj. Saib "Cov Lus Qhia Teev Cov Lus Qhia" kom paub cov ntsiab lus.
Ntsis 1 - Z: Xoom Chij
Qhov Xoom Lub voj voog Z qhia txog qhov ua rau lub txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua lej lossis ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm. Saib "Cov Lus Qhia Teev Cov Lus Qhia" kom paub cov ntsiab lus.
Ntsis 0 - C: Nqa Chij
Nqa Chij C qhia tias nqa ib qho kev ua lej los yog kev siv cav. Saib "Cov Lus Qhia Teev Cov Lus Qhia" kom paub cov ntsiab lus.
Lub Hom Phiaj Rau Npe File
Sau npe File tau ua kom zoo dua rau AVR Kev Txhim Kho RISC cov lus qhia. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab ua kom yooj yim, cov hauv qab no cov tswv yim/cov tswv yim hauv qab no tau txhawb los ntawm Kev Sau Npe File:
Ib qho 8-txoj kev tawm tso zis tawm thiab ib qho 8-lub txiaj ntsig cov tswv yim
Ob lub 8-qhov tso zis tawm ua haujlwm thiab ib qho 8-txiaj ntsig cov txiaj ntsig
Ob lub 8-qhov tso zis tawm ua haujlwm thiab ib qho 16-txiaj ntsig cov txiaj ntsig
Ib qho 16-txoj kev tawm tso zis tawm thiab ib qho 16-lub txiaj ntsig cov tswv yim
Daim duab 4-2 qhia pom tus qauv ntawm 32 hom phiaj dav dav ua haujlwm cov ntawv sau npe hauv CPU.
Raws li qhia hauv Daim duab 4-2, txhua qhov kev sau npe kuj tseem tau muab Cov Ntaub Ntawv nco chaw nyob, teeb tsa lawv ncaj qha mus rau thawj 32 qhov chaw ntawm tus neeg siv Chaw Chaw. Txawm hais tias tsis tau siv lub cev raws li SRAM qhov chaw, lub koom haum nco no muab kev yooj yim rau kev nkag mus rau npe, raws li X-, Y- thiab Z-pointer sau npe tuaj yeem teeb tsa los ntsuas ib qho kev sau npe hauv file.Muaj cov lus qhia ua haujlwm ntawm Kev Sau Npe File muaj kev nkag ncaj qha rau txhua qhov sau npe, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov lus qhia ua txhaum lub voj voog.
Kev rau npe X-npe, Y-sau npe, thiab Z-sau npe
Cov ntawv sau npe R26..R31 muaj qee cov haujlwm ntxiv rau lawv cov kev siv dav dav. Cov ntawv sau npe no yog 16-qhov chaw nyob taw qhia rau kev qhia ncaj qha ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw. Peb qhov chaw nyob tsis ncaj rau npe rau X, Y, thiab Z yog txhais raws li tau piav qhia hauv Daim duab 4-3.
Hauv cov chaw nyob sib txawv cov chaw sau npe muaj cov haujlwm xws li kev hloov chaw hloov chaw, kev nce ntxiv thiab tsis siv neeg txiav (saib cov lus qhia siv rau cov ntsiab lus).
Dab neeg
Qhov Kev Cuam Tshuam yog feem ntau siv rau khaws cov ntaub ntawv ib ntus, rau khaws cia cov chaw hloov pauv hauv cheeb tsam thiab rau khaws cov chaw xa rov qab tom qab kev cuam tshuam thiab subroutine hu. Cov Txiaj Ntsig Sau Npe Mus ib txwm taw rau sab saum toj ntawm Cov Txawv Ntoo. Nco ntsoov tias Qhov Cuam Tshuam yog siv los ntawm kev loj hlob los ntawm qhov chaw siab dua mus rau qhov chaw nco tsawg dua. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib qho kev tso lus los ntawm PUSH txo qis ntawm Cov Ntawv Sau.
Tus Cuam Tshuam Qhab taw rau cov ntaub ntawv SRAM pawg Cov chaw hauv ntu qhov chaw Subroutine thiab cuam tshuam qhov chaw nyob. Qhov no tsaws chaw nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv SRAM yuav tsum tau txhais los ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam ua ntej kev xa xov hu ib leeg los tua lossis ib qho kev sib tham. Tus Txheej Txheem Txhuam Hniav yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau qhov siab tshaj 0x60. Qhov Kev Nqes Tes Txo yog txo qis los ntawm ib qho thaum cov ntaub ntawv thawb mus rau Stack nrog kev qhia PUSH, thiab nws tau raug txo qis los ntawm ob qho thaum qhov chaw nyob rov qab thawb mus rau Stack nrog subroutine hu lossis cuam tshuam. Cov Khoom Taw Qhia yog nce ntxiv los ntawm ib qho thaum cov ntaub ntawv tau tawm ntawm Stack nrog POP cov lus qhia, thiab nws tau nce ntxiv los ntawm ob qho thaum cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm Stack nrog rov qab los ntawm subroutine RET lossis rov qab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam RETI.
AVR Txo Qhov Taw Qhia yog siv los ua ob daim ntawv sau npe 8-ntsis hauv qhov chaw I / O chaw. Tus lej ntawm cov khoom siv tiag tiag yog kev siv ntsuas. Nco ntsoov tias cov chaw cov ntaub ntawv hauv qee qhov kev siv ntawm AVR architecture me li uas tsuas yog SPL xav tau. Hauv qhov no, SPH Tso Npe yuav tsis muaj.
SPH thiab SPL - Tso Npe Sau
Me ntsis | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | |
0 x3e | SIB 15 | SIB 14 | SIB 13 | SIB 12 | SIB 11 | SIB 10 | SIB 9 | SIB 8 | SPH |
0 x3d | SIB 7 | SIB 6 | SIB 5 | SIB 4 | SIB 3 | SIB 2 | SIB 1 | SIB 0 | SPL |
7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
Nyeem/Sau | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Nyeem/Sau | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | |
Tus nqi pib | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB | QHOV TSEEB |
Kev Qhia Txog Sij Hawm Teem Sijhawm
Nqe lus no piav qhia txog lub sij hawm nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus dav dav rau kev ua tiav cov lus qhia. AVR CPU yog tsav los ntawm CPU moos clkCPU, ncaj qha tsim los ntawm lub moos xaiv rau lub nti. Tsis siv lub moos sab hauv.
Daim duab 4-4 qhia pom cov lus qhia ua ke thiab kev qhia ua tiav los ntawm Harvard architecture thiab nkag mus sai File tswvyim. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus txheej txheem kev xa dej kom tau txais ntau txog 1 MIPS ib MHz nrog cov txiaj ntsig sib xws rau cov haujlwm ib tus nqi, ua haujlwm ib teev, thiab ua haujlwm rau ib lub zog-chav.
Daim duab 4-5. Ib lub voj voog ALU ua haujlwm
Rov Pib Dua thiab Kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam
AVR muab ob peb yam sib txawv sib txawv rau lwm qhov. Cov kev cuam tshuam no thiab cais Reset Vector txhua qhov muaj Cov Haujlwm Vector txawv hauv qhov chaw nco. Txhua yam kev cuam tshuam yog muab tus kheej pab khoom uas yuav tsum tau sau ib qho kev sib koom ua ke nrog lub ntiaj teb Kev cuam tshuam Pab me me nyob rau hauv Cov Ntawv Sau Npe kom thiaj li ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Cov chaw nyob qis tshaj hauv Cov Haujlwm nco qab yog nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus txhais tau tias yog Reset thiab Interrupt Vectors. Cov ua tiav cov vectors yog muaj nyob hauv “Kev cuam tshuam” nyob phab 48Cov. Daim ntawv tseem txiav txim siab seb qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ua ntej sib txawv. Qhov chaw nyob qis dua yog qhov tseem ceeb dua. RESET muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab tom ntej no yog INT0 - Sab Nraud Kev Thov Sab Nraud 0.
Thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim, Kev Hloov Thoob Ntiaj Teb Pab kom I-bit raug tshem tawm thiab tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam yog ua tsis taus. Tus neeg siv cov khoom muag tuaj yeem sau lub hauv paus ib qho mus rau I-me ntsis kom pab cuam tshuam ua ntu zes. Txhua qhib kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev cuam tshuam tam sim no. Tus I-ntsis yog cia li tau txiav txim siab thaum Rov qab los ntawm Kev Kawm Qhia Kev Ruam Tshuam - RETI - raug tua.
Yeej muaj ob yam kev cuam tshuam. Thawj hom yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho kev tshwm sim uas teev chij cuam tshuam luv. Rau cov kev cuam tshuam no, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm yog vectored rau qhov cuam tshuam tiag tiag Vector txhawm rau kom muaj kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam, thiab kho vajtse ntxuav qhov cuam tshuam tus chij. Kev cuam tshuam chij tuaj yeem ua kom huv si los ntawm kev sau ib lub cav ib qho rau lub chij me ntsis txoj hauj lwm (s) kom tau tshem. Yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam los cuam tshuam thaum lub sib cuam tshuam sib cuam tshuam me ntsis raug tshem tawm, cuam tshuam tus chij yuav raug teeb tsa thiab nco ntsoov txog thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam, lossis tus chij raug tshem tawm los ntawm software. Zoo sib xws, yog tias ib lossis ntau qhov cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim thaum lub ntiaj teb Kev cuam tshuam Pab me ntsis raug tshem tawm, qhov cuam tshuam los cuam tshuam chij (s) yuav raug teeb tsa thiab nco txog kom txog rau thaum lub ntiaj teb kev cuam tshuam qhib me ntsis tau teeb, thiab tom qab ntawd mam li tua los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ua ntej.
Qhov thib ob ntawm kev cuam tshuam yuav ua ntev li ntev tau thaum tus mob tam sim no. Cov kev cuam tshuam no tsis tas cuam tshuam muaj chij cuam tshuam. Yog tias qhov cuam tshuam ploj mus ua ntej qhov kev cuam tshuam tau ua tiav, qhov kev cuam tshuam yuav tsis raug.
Thaum AVR tawm ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam, nws yuav rov qab mus rau qhov kev kawm tseem ceeb thiab ua ib qho kev qhia ntxiv ua ntej muaj kev cuam tshuam tos.
Nco ntsoov tias Txoj Cai Rau Npe yuav tsis cia li khaws cia thaum nkag mus hauv ib qho kev cuam tshuam, thiab tsis rov qab thaum rov qab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm software.
Thaum siv CLI cov lus qhia kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam, kev cuam tshuam yuav raug xiam oob qhab tam sim. Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam yuav ua tiav tom qab CLI qhia, txawm tias nws tshwm sim ib txhij nrog CLI kev qhia. Cov ex nram qab noample qhia yuav siv qhov no li cas kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm EEPROM sau ua ntu zus.
Los Ua Ke Txoj Cai Example |
hauv r16, SREG; khaws SREG tus nqi
cli; disable interrupts thaum lub sij hawm ua ntu zus sbi EECR, EEMPE ; pib EEPROM sau sbi EECR, EEPE tawm SREG, r16; restore SREG tus nqi (I-ntsis) |
C Cod Example |
char cSREG;
cSREG = SREG; /* khaws SREG tus nqi */ /* lov tes taw cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm ua ntu zus */ _CLI (); EECR |= (1< EECR | = (1 < SREG = cSREG; /* restore SREG tus nqi (I-ntsis) */ |
Thaum siv SEI cov lus qhia los pab cuam tshuam, cov lus qhia hauv qab no SEI yuav raug ua ua ntej ib qho kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam, raws li qhia hauv kab lus noample.
Los Ua Ke Txoj Cai Example |
tsi ; teeb Global Interrupt Enable
pw tsaug zog; nkag mus pw tsaug zog, tos kev cuam tshuam ; Lus cim: yuav nkag mus pw ua ntej lub sijhawm tos ; cuam tshuam |
C Cod Example |
_SEI(); /* teem Ntiaj Teb Interrupt Enable */
_SLEEP(); /* nkag mus pw tsaug zog, tos kev cuam tshuam */ / * Nco ntsoov: yuav nkag mus pw ua ntej ua ntej yuav cuam tshuam (s) * / |
Lub sijhawm cuam tshuam ncua sijhawm
Qhov cuam tshuam kev teb rau txhua qhov kev pab cuam AVR cuam tshuam yog plaub moos mus ncig tsawg kawg. Tom qab plaub teev mus los ntawm Qhov Txheej Txheem Vector chaw nyob rau qhov cuam tshuam tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm niaj zaus raug tua Hauv plaub lub voj voog caij nyoog, Qhov Txiaj Ntsig Qhov Kev Pab cuam raug thawb mus rau Kev Lag Luam. Lub vev xaib yog ib txwm dhia rau kev cuam tshuam, thiab dhia no yuav siv peb moos kev voj voog. Yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawm ua tiav ntawm kev qhia ntau lub voj voog, qhov kev qhia no ua tiav ua ntej kev cuam tshuam. Yog tias qhov cuam tshuam tshwm sim thaum MCU nyob hauv kev pw tsaug zog, qhov kev cuam tshuam lub sij hawm teb tau nce los ntawm plaub moos kev voj voog. Qhov nce no los ntxiv rau lub sijhawm pib-theem los ntawm xaiv hom pw tsaug zog.
Qhov rov qab los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev thauj tus kheej yuav siv plaub xuab moos kev voj voog. Thaum plaub lub voj voos teev caij nyoog, Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Ua Haujlwm (ob bytes) tau rov qab los ntawm Txawv Tebchaws, Cov Khoom Taw Qhia nce ntxiv los ntawm ob, thiab I-ntsis hauv SREG tau teeb tsa.
AVR Puas
Ntu no piav qhia txog ntau lub sib txawv nyob hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85. Lub AVR architecture muaj ob lub cim xeeb loj, Cov Ntaub Ntawv nco thiab Qhov Program nco chaw. Ib qho ntxiv, lub ATtiny25 / 45/85 nta EEPROM Cim rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia. Tag nrho peb cov cim xeeb yog qhov linear thiab tsis tu ncua.
Hauv-System rov ua programmable Flash Lub Cim xeeb
Lub ATtiny25 / 45/85 muaj 2/4 / 8K bytes On-chip In-System Reprogrammable Flash nco rau cov kev kawm hnub nyoog. Vim tias txhua daim AVR cov lus qhia yog 16 lossis 32 qhov dav, Flash tau teeb tsa raws li 1024/2048/4096 x 16.
Lub cim xeeb Flash muaj qhov kawg ntawm tsawg kawg 10,000 sau / lwv cov voj voog. Lub ATtiny25 / 45/85 Lub Txiaj Ntsig Qhov Kev Pabcuam (PC) yog 10/11/12 qhov dav, yog li hais txog 1024/2048/4096 Qhov chaw cim xeeb. “Nco Program- ming ”ntawm phab 147 muaj cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntawm Flash cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm rub tawm rub tawm siv SPI koob.
Cov rooj tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem raug faib nyob rau hauv tag nrho Program Program qhov chaw nyob nco (saib LPM - Qhia Cov Lus Qhia txog lub cim xeeb).
Daim duab 5-1. Program Memory Map
SRAM Cov Ntaub Ntawv Cim
Daim duab 5-2 qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas ATtiny25 / 45/85 SRAM Lub Cim Cov Ncauj Lus.
Qhov qis dua 224/352/607 Cov ntaub ntawv nco chaw nyob ob qho tib si rau npe File, I/O nco thiab cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv SRAM. Thawj 32 qhov chaw nyob sau npe File, 64 qhov chaw tom ntej tus qauv I/O nco, thiab qhov kawg 128/256/512 qhov chaw nyob cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv SRAM.
Tsib hom kev hais sib txawv rau Cov Ntaub Ntawv npog: Ncaj, Tsis ncaj qha nrog Kev Tawm Tsam, Tsis Ncaj Ncees, Tsis ncaj ncees nrog Pre-txo qis, thiab Tsis ncaj qha nrog Post-increment. Hauv Kev Sau Npe File, sau npe R26 rau R31 muaj qhov tsis ncaj qha hais qhia tus lej cim npe.
Qhov chaw nyob ncaj qha tau mus txog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv chaw.
Indirect nrog Kev Txawv Tebchaws hom nce mus txog 63 qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov chaw nyob muab los ntawm Y- lossis Z- sau npe.
Thaum siv cov npe pov npav ncaj qha nrog cov qauv tsis siv neeg ua ntej thiab tom qab tshaj tawm, qhov chaw nyob sau npe X, Y, thiab Z raug txo qis lossis nce ntxiv.
32 lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ua haujlwm rau npe, 64 I/O Cov Ntawv Sau Npe, thiab 128/256/512 bytes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv SRAM hauv ATtiny25/45/85 yog txhua tus tuaj yeem nkag tau los ntawm txhua qhov kev hais daws no. Tus Sau Npe File yog tau piav nyob rau hauv "Gen- eral Lub Hom Phiaj Sau Npe File"Nyob rau nplooj 10.
Daim duab 5-2. Daim Ntawv Qhia Memory
Data Memory Access Sijhawm
Tshooj lus no piav qhia txog lub sijhawm nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus dav dav rau kev nkag mus hauv nco. Cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv SRAM nkag tau ua nyob rau hauv ob lub voj voog clkCPU raws li tau piav qhia hauv Daim duab 5-3.
Daim duab 5-3. On-chip Data SRAM Access Cycles EEPROM Cov Ntaub Ntawv Nco
Lub ATtiny25 / 45/85 muaj 128/256/512 bytes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv EEPROM nco. Nws yog cais raws li qhov chaw cais cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas ib qho bytes tuaj yeem nyeem thiab sau. EEPROM muaj kev tiv thaiv tsawg kawg ntawm 100,000 sau / lwv cov voj voog. Kev nkag mus nruab nrab ntawm EEPROM thiab CPU tau piav qhia nyob hauv cov hauv qab no, kev qhia meej EEPROM Chaw Nyob, EEPROM Cov Ntawv Sau Npe, thiab EEPROM Chaw Tso Npe Tswj. Kom paub meej pom “Mus Txog Tus Zais” ntawm nplooj 151.
EEPROM Nyeem / Sau Cov Ntawv Nkag Mus
EEPROM Cov Ntawv Sau Npe muaj kev nkag mus tau rau hauv I / O chaw.
Lub sijhawm sau nkag rau EEPROM raug muab nyob rau hauv Rooj ntawv 5-1 nyob rau nplooj 21. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tus kheej, txawm li cas los xij, cia tus neeg siv software tshawb pom thaum tus lej tom ntej tuaj yeem sau. Yog tias tus neeg siv code muaj cov lus qhia uas sau EEPROM, qee qhov kev ceev faj yuav tsum tau ua. Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lim dej hnyav, VCC yuav nce lossis poob qeeb
Hwj chim-up/down. Qhov no ua rau lub cuab yeej siv rau qee lub sijhawm kom khiav ntawm voltage qis dua li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rau lub moos zaus siv. Saib “Tiv Thaiv EEPROM Kev Ntxub Ntxaug” nyob rau nplooj 19 kom paub meej txog yuav ua li cas thiaj zam dhau cov teeb meem hauv cov xwm txheej no.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis npaj cia EEPROM sau, yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem sau cia. Saib mus "Atomic nqi Nyob rau ntawm nplooj 17 thiab “Txheeb Lub Txiaj Ntsig Hauv Qhov Haujlwm” ntawm nplooj 17 kom paub meej txog qhov no.
Thaum EEPROM tau nyeem, CPU tau nres rau plaub lub voj voog ua ntej kev qhia ntxiv tom qab tua. Thaum EEPROM yog sau, lub CPU yuav tsum nres rau ob lub voj voog ua ntej cov lus qhia txuas mus ntxiv.
Atomic Byte Txoj Haujlwm
Kev siv Atomic Byte Programming yog qhov yooj yim. Thaum sau daim byte rau EEPROM, tus siv yuav tsum sau chaw nyob rau hauv EEAR Sau npe thiab cov ntaub ntawv nkag rau hauv EEDR Register. Yog tias EEPMn cov khoom yog xoom, sau EEPE (tsis pub dhau plaub lub voj voog tom qab EEMPE sau) yuav ua rau muaj kev lwv / sau kev ua haujlwm. Ob qhov lwv thiab sau lub voj voog tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua haujlwm thiab tag nrho cov sijhawm ua haujlwm tau muab rau Rooj ntawv 5-1 nyob rau nplooj 21Cov. EEPE tus lej tseem raug teeb tsa kom txog thaum tshem tawm thiab sau cov haujlwm tiav. Thaum lub cuab yeej tsis khoom nrog lub cajmeem, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua lwm yam EEPROM haujlwm.
Txheeb Byte Programming
Nws muaj peev xwm faib cov lwv thiab sau lub voj voog hauv ob txoj haujlwm sib txawv. Qhov no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias lub kaw lus yuav tsum siv sijhawm luv rau qee lub sijhawm txwv (feem ntau yog tias lub zog hluav taws xob voltage poob). Yuav kom tau txais kev tshaj tawm- tage ntawm txoj hauv kev no, nws xav kom cov chaw sau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej kev sau ua haujlwm. Tab sis txij li kev tshem tawm thiab sau cov haujlwm tau sib cais, nws muaj peev xwm ua cov haujlwm tshem tawm thaum lub kaw lus tso cai ua lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tseem ceeb (feem ntau tom qab Fais Fab-up).
lwv
Txhawm rau lwv ib qho byte, qhov chaw nyob yuav tsum sau mus rau EEAR. Yog tias EEPMn cov khoom me yog 0b01, sau EEPE (tsis pub dhau plaub lub voj voog tom qab EEMPE tau sau) yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lwv kev ua haujlwm nkaus xwb (lub sijhawm programming nyob rau Rooj 5-1 rau paj 21)). Cov EEPE tseem tshuav tsim kom txog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm lwv tiav. Thaum lub cuab yeej tsis khoom ntawm lub cajmeem, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua lwm yam EEPROM haujlwm.
Sau
Txhawm rau sau qhov chaw nyob, tus neeg siv yuav tsum sau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv EEAR thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv EEDR. Yog tias EEPMn cov khoom me yog 0b10, sau EEPE (tsis pub dhau plaub lub voj voog tom qab EEMPE tau sau) yuav ua rau lub lag luam tsuas sau (lub sijhawm ua haujlwm muab nyob rau hauv Rooj ntawv 5-1 nyob rau nplooj 21)). EEPE tus lej tseem raug teeb tsa kom txog thaum sau tiav kev ua haujlwm. Yog hais tias qhov chaw nyob uas yuav sau tau tsis tau erased ua ntej sau, cov ntaub ntawv uas tau khaws tseg yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog qhov ploj. Thaum lub cuab yeej tsis khoom nrog lub cajmeem, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua lwm yam EEPROM haujlwm.
Kev Ntsuas Oscillator yog siv rau lub sijhawm EEPROM nkag. Nco ntsoov tias Oscillator zaus muaj nyob hauv qhov yuav tsum tau piav qhia hauv “OSCCAL - Oscillator Calibration Register” ntawm nplooj 31.
Cov cai hauv qab no examples qhia ib qho kev sib dhos thiab ib qho C ua haujlwm rau lwv, sau, lossis sau atomic ntawm EEPROM. Tus examples xav tias kev cuam tshuam raug tswj (piv txwv li, los ntawm kev xiam oob khab cuam tshuam thoob ntiaj teb) yog li tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam yuav tshwm sim thaum ua tiav cov haujlwm no.
Los Ua Ke Txoj Cai Example |
EEPROM_ sau ntawv:
; Tos kom tiav ntawm kev sau ntawv dhau los sbic EECR, EEPE rjmp EEPROM_write ; Teeb tsa tus txheej txheem hom ldi r16, (0<<EEPM1)|(0<<EEPM0) tawm EECR, r16 ; Teeb tsa chaw nyob (r18: r17) hauv kev sau npe chaw nyob rov ,r18 ua EEARL, r17 ; Sau cov ntaub ntawv (r19) rau cov ntaub ntawv sau npe EEDR, r19 ; Sau kom raug ib qho mus rau EEMPE sbi EECR, EEMPE ; Pib eeprom sau los ntawm teeb tsa EEPE sbi EECR, EEPE rov |
C Cod Example |
void EEPROM_write(unsigned char ucAddress, unsigned char ucData)
{ /* Tos kom tiav cov ntawv sau dhau los */ thaum (EECR & (1< ; /* Teem Programming hom */ EECR = (0 < / * Teeb tsa chaw nyob thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau npe * / EEAR = ucAddress; EEDR = ucData; /* Sau logical ib rau EEMPE */ EECR | = (1 < / * Pib eeprom sau los ntawm teeb tsa EEPE * / EECR | = (1 < } |
Tus lej tom ntej examples qhia ua ke thiab C ua haujlwm rau nyeem EEPROM. Tus examples xav tias kev cuam tshuam raug tswj kom tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam yuav tshwm sim thaum ua tiav cov haujlwm no.
Los Ua Ke Txoj Cai Example |
EEPROM_ nyeem:
; Tos kom tiav ntawm kev sau ntawv dhau los sbic EECR, EEPE rjmp EEPROM_read ; Teeb tsa chaw nyob (r18: r17) hauv kev sau npe chaw nyob rov ,r18 ua EEARL, r17 ; Pib eeprom nyeem los ntawm sau ntawv NO sbi EECR, EERE ; Nyeem cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau npe r16, EEDR rov |
C Cod Example |
unsigned char EEPROM_read(unsigned char ucAddress)
{ / * Tos rau sau rau dhau los sau * / thaum (EECR & (1 < ; / * Chaw teeb tsa chaw nyob * / EEAR = ucAddress; /* Pib eeprom nyeem los ntawm kev sau EERE */ EECR | = (1 < / * Rov qab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau npe * / rov qab EEDR; } |
Kev Tiv Thaiv EEPROM Kev Ntxub Ntxaug
Thaum lub sijhawm VCC qis, EEPROM cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo vim tias cov khoom siv voltage tsawg dhau rau CPU thiab EEPROM los ua haujlwm kom raug. Cov teeb meem no zoo ib yam li rau qib kev tswj hwm pawg siv EEPROM, thiab yuav tsum siv cov kev daws teeb meem tib yam.
EEPROM cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ob qhov xwm txheej thaum lub voltage qis heev. Ua ntej, ib txwm sau ua ntu zus rau EEPROM xav tau qhov tsawg kawg nkaustage ua haujlwm kom raug. Qhov thib ob, CPU nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua cov lus qhia tsis raug, yog tias cov khoom ntimtage qis heev.
EEPROM cov ntaub ntawv kev noj nyiaj txiag tuaj yeem yooj yim zam los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus pom zoo tsim no:
Khaws AVR RESET nquag (qis) thaum lub sijhawm tsis txaus siv hluav taws xob voltage. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev ua kom pom sab hauv Brown-out Detector (BOD). Yog tias qib pom ntawm sab hauv BOD tsis sib xws nrog
xav tau qib nrhiav pom, sab nraud qis VCC rov pib tiv thaiv Circuit Court tuaj yeem siv. Yog tias qhov rov pib dua tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv tab tom ua haujlwm, kev sau ntawv yuav ua tiav yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob voltage txaus.
Kuv / O Nco
Qhov I / O qhov chaw txhais ntawm ATtiny25 / 45/85 yog muaj nyob hauv “Sau npe lub ntsiab lus” nyob rau nplooj 200.
Txhua ATtiny25 / 45/85 I / Os thiab khoom siv tso rau hauv I / O chaw. Txhua qhov chaw I / O tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv LD / LDS / LDD thiab ST / STS / STD cov lus qhia, hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 32 lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm thiab cov chaw sau I / O. I / O Cov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw nyob thaj tsam 0x00 - 0x1F ncaj qha mus siv tau cov lus qhia SBI thiab CBI. Hauv cov ntawv sau npe no, tus nqi ntawm ib qho me me tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas los ntawm kev siv cov lus qhia ntawm SBIS thiab SBIC. Mus saib rau tshooj qhia kev qhia txhawm rau paub ntau ntxiv. Thaum siv I / O cov lus txib tshwj xeeb hauv thiab OUT, I / O chaw nyob 0x00 - 0x3F yuav tsum siv. Thaum hais I / O Registers raws li cov ntaub ntawv chaw siv LD thiab ST cov lus qhia, 0x20 yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov chaw nyob no.
Rau kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom siv yav tom ntej, cov khoom ntiag tug yuav tsum sau rau xoom yog tias nkag. Chaw nyob I / O cim xeeb tseg yuav tsum tsis txhob sau.
Qee tus chij raws li txoj cai tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev sau ib lub laj thawj rau lawv. Nco ntsoov tias CBI thiab SBI cov lus qhia yuav tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev cai, nws tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov ntawv sau npe uas muaj Cov Chij Li Cas. CBI thiab SBI cov lus qhia ua haujlwm nrog cov sau npe 0x00 txog 0x1F nkaus xwb.
I / O thiab Peripherals Cov Chaw Tswj Xyuas tau piav qhia nyob rau tom ntej tshooj.
Sau npe Cov lus piav qhia
EEARH - EEPROM Chaw Tso Npe
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x1f | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | EEAR 8 | EEARH |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X/0 |
Cov Khoom 7: 1 - Res: Cov Khoom Yuav Tsum
Cov khoom no tau tseg rau yav tom ntej thiab yuav nyeem tas li xoom.
Cov Khoom 0 - EEAR8: EEPROM Chaw Nyob
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj EEPROM chaw nyob me ntsis ntawm ATtiny85. Hauv cov khoom siv nrog qis dua EEPROM, piv txwv li ATtiny25 / ATtiny45, qhov no me ntsis yog tshwj tseg thiab yuav nyeem cov xoom ib txwm ua. Tus nqi pib ntawm EEPROM Chaw Nyob Cov Npe (EEAR) tsis paub meej thiab tus nqi tsim nyog yuav tsum sau ua ntej EEPROM nkag mus.
EEARL - EEPROM Chaw Sau Npe
Me ntsis
0 x1e | EEAR 7 | EEAR 6 | EEAR 5 | EEAR 4 | EEAR 3 | EEAR 2 | EEAR 1 | EEAR 0 | EERL |
Rov qab / Sau | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Ntsis 7 - EEAR7: EEPROM Chaw Nyob
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj EEPROM chaw nyob me ntsis ntawm ATtiny45. Hauv cov khoom siv nrog qis dua EEPROM, piv txwv li ATtiny25, qhov no me ntsis yog tshwj tseg thiab yuav ib txwm nyeem xoom. Tus nqi pib ntawm EEPROM Chaw Sau Npe (EEAR) yog tsis tau txiav txim siab thiab tus nqi tsim nyog yuav tsum yog li sau ua ntej EEPROM nkag.
Cov Khoom 6: 0 - EEAR [6: 0]: EEPROM Chaw Nyob
Cov no yog cov qis (qis) ntawm EEPROM Chaw Tso Npe. EEPROM cov ntaub ntawv bytes raug kho raws cov kab 0 ... (128/256 / 512-1). Thawj tus nqi ntawm EEAR yog tsis tau txiav txim siab thiab tus nqi tsim nyog yuav tsum yog li sau ua ntej EEPROM yuav nkag.
EEDR - EEPROM Ntawv Sau Npe
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x1d | EEDR 7 | EEDR 6 | EEDR 5 | EEDR 4 | EEDR 3 | EEDR 2 | EEDR 1 | EEDR 0 | EEDR |
Nyeem/Sau | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Txog rau EEPROM kev lag luam sau EER Register muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum sau rau EEPROM nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob uas tau muab los ntawm EEAR Sau npe. Rau EEPROM nyeem cov haujlwm, EEDR muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyeem tawm los ntawm
EEPROM ntawm qhov chaw nyob muab EEAR.
5.5.4 EECR - EEPROM Tswj Tso Npe |
|||||||||
Ntsis 7 6 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||||
0x1 wb – | – | PEB 1 | PEB 0 | EERIE | EEMPE | EEPE | QHOV NO | EECR | |
Nyeem / Sau R R R / W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | ||||
Tus Nqi Pib 0 0 X | X | 0 | 0 | X | 0 |
Ntsis 7 - Res: Reserved Tshuav
Qhov no me ntsis yog tseg rau kev siv yav tom ntej thiab yuav nyeem tas li 0 ntawm ATtiny25 / 45/85. Rau kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom siv AVR yav tom ntej, ib txwm sau cov lej no mus txog xoom. Tom qab nyeem ntawv, npog tawm me ntsis no.
Ntsis 6 - Res: Reserved Tshuav
Qhov no me ntsis tseg rau hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85 thiab yuav nyeem tas li xoom.
Cov khoom 5: 4 - EEPM [1: 0]: EEPROM Txheej Txheem Hom Npe
Qhov EEPROM Txheej Txheem Kev Kawm nyob rau theem kev teeb tsa yam kev sau ua haujlwm uas yuav raug cuam tshuam thaum sau EEPE. Nws yog qhov ua tau rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv ib qho kev lag luam atomic (tshem tawm tus nqi qub thiab qhov kev pab cuam tshiab) lossis cais Erase thiab Sau cov haujlwm hauv ob txoj haujlwm sib txawv. Lub sij hawm Programming rau ntau hom muaj qhia nyob hauv Table 5-1Cov. Thaum teev EEPE, ib qho kev sau ntawv rau EEPMn yuav tsis quav ntsej. Thaum lub sij hawm pib dua, EEPMn cov khoom yuav rov qab rau 0b00 tshwj tsis yog tias EEPROM tsis khoom rau lub cajmeem.
Table 5-1. EEPROM Mode Bits
PEB 1 | PEB 0 | Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm | Kev ua haujlwm |
0 | 0 | 3.4ms ib | Lwv thiab sau nyob rau hauv ib lub lag luam (Atomic Operation) |
0 | 1 | 1.8ms ib | Lwv Tsuas |
1 | 0 | 1.8ms ib | Sau Xwb |
1 | 1 | – | Khaws cia rau yav tom ntej siv |
Ntsis 3 - EERIE: EEPROM Npaj Tos Txais Kev Cuam Tshuam
Sau ntawv EERIE rau ib tus txhawb EEPROM Npaj Kev cuam tshuam yog tias I-ntsis hauv SREG tau teeb tsa. Sau ntawv EERIE rau qhov zero cuam tshuam rau qhov cuam tshuam. EEPROM Npaj Kev Cuam Tshuam Npaj Tsim Kev Sib Cuam Los cuam tshuam tas li thaum lub cim xeeb tsis nrawm yog npaj rau lub cajmeem.
Ntsis 2 - EEMPE: EEPROM Master Program Qhov Kev Siv
EEMPE me ntsis txiav txim siab seb puas sau EEPE rau ib qho yuav muaj cov nyhuv lossis tsis.
Thaum EEMPE tau teeb tsa, teeb EEPE li ntawm plaub teev mus yuav ua qhov EEPROM ntawm qhov chaw nyob uas xaiv. Yog tias EEMPE yog xoom, teeb tsa EEPE yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Thaum EEMPE tau sau rau ib qho los ntawm software, kho vajtse tshem tawm me ntsis mus rau xoom tom qab plaub lub voj voog ncig.
Ntsis 1 - EEPE: EEPROM Qhov Kev Pab Cuam Siv
EEPROM Txoj Kev Pab Cuam Tshua Kos Npe EEPE yog qhov kev pab cuam tso npe tau txais kev pabcuam rau EEPROM. Thaum EEPE sau, EEPROM yuav raug tswj hwm raws li EEPMn cov chaw teeb tsa. Lub EEMPE me ntsis yuav tsum tau sau rau ib qho ua ntej lub laj thawj ib qho yog sau rau EEPE, txwv tsis pub EEPROM sau qhov chaw. Thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv nkag tau dhau los, EEPE ntsis tau muab pov tseg los ntawm kev kho vajtse. Thaum EEPE tau teeb tsa, lub CPU raug tso tseg rau ob lub voj voog ua ntej cov lus qhia txuas mus ntxiv.
Ntsis 0 - QHOV NO: EEPROM Nyeem Qhib
Lub EEPROM Nyeem Ua kom teeb liab - IB YAM - yog qhov nyeem strobe rau EEPROM. Thaum qhov chaw nyob raug teeb tsa hauv EEAR Sau Npe, qhov twg tau yuav tsum tau sau rau ib qho los txhais EEPROM nyeem. EEPROM kev nyeem ntawv nkag mus yuav siv ib qho kev qhia, thiab cov ntaub ntawv thov muaj nyob rau ntawd tam sim ntawd. Thaum EEPROM tau nyeem, lub CPU raug tso tseg rau plaub mus mus los ua ntej kev qhia txuas mus ntxiv. Tus neeg siv yuav tsum sau npav EEPE me ntsis ua ntej pib ua haujlwm. Yog tias sau kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua tau zoo, nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nyeem EEPROM, thiab tsis hloov pauv EEAR.
Txheej System thiab Moos Kev Xaiv
Moos Tshuab thiab lawv Cov Khoom Muag Khoom
CPU moos
Lub moos CPU raug xa mus rau ib feem ntawm cov kab ke cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais AVR. Examples ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog General Purpose Register File, Qhov xwm txheej sau npe thiab Cov ntaub ntawv nco tuav lub Stack Pointer. Qhib CPU moos txwv qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm dav dav thiab suav.
I / O Moos - clkI / O
I / O moos siv feem ntau ntawm I / O modules, zoo ib yam li Timer / Txee. I / O moos kuj tseem siv los ntawm Sab Nraud Qhov Kev Tiv Thaiv Sab Nraud, tab sis nco ntsoov tias qee qhov kev cuam tshuam sab nraud raug kuaj pom los ntawm cov ntsiab lus asynchronous, tso cai rau kev cuam tshuam zoo li no kom pom txawm tias I / O moos raug txwv.
Flash Clock - clkFLASH
Lub moos moos tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub Flash interface. Lub moos Flash feem ntau nquag ua ke nrog CPU moos.
ADC Clock - clkADC
Cov ADC raug muab nrog ib nplooj siab teev. Qhov no tso cai rau nres lub CPU thiab I / O moos kom txo suab nrov uas tsim los ntawm digital Circuitry. Qhov no muab cov ADC hloov dua siab tshiab kom tau.
Sab hauv PLL rau Kev Ua Si Nrawm Sijhawm Ntxiv - clkPCK
Lub PLL sab hauv hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85 tsim cov moos kev ntsuas uas yog 8 x npaug ntawm qhov tso tawm. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, PLL siv cov khoom tawm ntawm sab hauv, 8.0 MHz RC oscillator ua tus xaib. Hloov pauv, yog me ntsis LSM ntawm PLLCSR tau teeb tsa lub PLL yuav siv cov zis ntawm RC oscillator faib ua ob. Yog li cov zis ntawm PLL, lub moos txuas ceev yog 64 MHz. Lub moos ceev ceev ntawm lub moos, lossis lub moos kho kom zoo los ntawm qhov ntawd, tuaj yeem xaiv ua lub moos ua haujlwm rau Timer / Counter1 lossis raws li lub kaw lus moos. Saib Daim duab 6-2. Qhov zaus ntawm lub moos ceev ceev yog muab faib los ntawm ob thaum LSM ntawm PLLCSR tau teeb tsa, ua rau lub moos zaus ntawm 32 MHz. Nco ntsoov, LSM tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa yog tias PLLCLK siv los ua lub moos.
Daim duab 6-2. PCK Clocking System.
Lub PLL muab kaw rau RC oscillator thiab kho RC oscillator ntawm OSCCAL cov npe yuav hloov kho cov twj ceev ceev ntawm lub sijhawm tib lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias RC oscillator coj mus rau qhov siab ntau dua 8 MHz, qhov ceev nrawm ntawm lub moos ceev ceev ntawm 85 MHz (qhov teeb meem phem tshaj) thiab tseem oscillating ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias PLL nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis raug kaw ib zaug ntxiv nrog RC tus oscillator moos. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob coj OSCCAL kev hloov kho rau ib qhov chaw siab tshaj li 8 MHz txhawm rau ua kom tus PLL nyob rau qhov kev ua haujlwm raug.
Sab hauv PLL raug qhib thaum:
Lub PLLE me ntsis hauv cov ntawv sau npe PLLCSR tau teev tseg.
Lub CKSEL fuse raug programmed rau '0001'.
Lub CKSEL fuse raug programmed rau '0011'.
PLLCSR ntsis PLOCK tau teeb tsa thaum PLL raug kaw. Ob leeg sab hauv RC oscillator thiab PLL raug kaw hauv lub zog qis thiab sawv ntsug-los ntawm kev pw tsaug zog.
Sab hauv PLL hauv ATtiny15 Sib Raug Hom
Vim tias ATtiny25 / 45/85 yog qhov khoom siv tsiv teb tsaws chaw rau cov neeg siv ATtiny15 nws muaj hom ATtiny15 rau kev nkag rov qab. Lub hom ATtiny15 kev xaiv tau raug xaiv los ntawm lub cajmeem CKSEL fuses rau '0011'.
Hauv hom ATtiny15 qhov ua tau raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg zaus ntawm sab hauv RC oscillator yog qhov ntsuas rau 6.4 MHz thiab qhov sib txuam ntau yam ntawm PLL raug teem rau 4 x. Saib Daim duab 6-3Cov. Nrog rau cov kev hloov kho ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog ATtiny15-tshaj thiab qhov ua tau ceev ceev lub moos muaj qhov zaus ntawm 25.6 MHz (tib yam li hauv ATtiny15).
Daim duab 6-3. PCK Clocking System hauv ATtiny15 Compatibility Hom.
Moos Xaim
Cov cuab yeej muaj cov moos qhov hauv qab no xaiv, xaiv tau los ntawm Flash Fuse cov khoom raws li qhia hauv qab no. Lub moos los ntawm cov khoom raug xaiv yog cov tswv yim rau AVR moos tsim hluav taws xob, thiab hloov mus rau cov qauv uas tsim nyog.
Table 6-1. Ntaus Clocking Options Xaiv
Ntaus Sijhawm Tig Kev Xaiv | TSI [3:0](1) |
Lub moos sab nraud (saib paj 26) | 0000 |
Loj Heev PLL Clock (saib paj 26) | 0001 |
Ntsuas Sab hauv Oscillator (saib paj 27) | 0010(2) |
Ntsuas Sab hauv Oscillator (saib paj 27) | 0011(3) |
Sab hauv 128 kHz Oscillator (saib paj 28) | 0100 |
Tsawg-zaus Crystal Crystal Oscillator (saib paj 29) | 0110 |
Crystal Oscillator / Ceramic Resonator (saib paj 29) | 1000–1111 : kuv |
Khaws tseg | 0101, 0111 |
Rau txhua qhov fuses “1” txhais tau hais tias tsis tau txais nyiaj thaum “0” txhais tau tias yog txheej txheem.
Cov cuab yeej xa nrog kev xaiv no tau xaiv.
Qhov no yuav xaiv hom ATtiny15 Sib Raug Zoo, qhov twg lub kaw lus moos tau muab faib los ntawm plaub, uas ua rau 1.6 MHz moos tso siab. Yog xav paub ntxiv, saib “Ua Kom Sab Nraud Oscillator” nyob nplooj 27.
Qhov kev xaiv ntau yam rau txhua lub moos xaiv tau muab nyob rau hauv qab no. Thaum lub CPU sawv thaum los ntawm lub zog-down, lub sijhawm xaiv lub sijhawm raug siv los ua lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm, kom ntseeg tau Oscillator ruaj khov ua haujlwm ua ntej kev qhia pib. Thaum lub CPU pib los ntawm kev rov pib dua, muaj kev ncua ntxiv uas tso cai rau lub zog kom mus txog qhov theem ruaj khov ua ntej pib ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj. Txoj Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Oscillator tau siv rau lub sijhawm sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm no. Tus naj npawb ntawm WDT Oscillator cov voj voog siv rau txhua lub sijhawm-tawm yog qhia hauv Table 6-2.
Table 6-2. Number of Watchdog Oscillator Cycles
Lub Sijhawm-Qhov hais tawm | Tus naj npawb ntawm Cycle |
4ms ib | 512 |
64ms ib | 8K (8,192) |
Lub moos sab nraud
Txhawm rau tsav cov cuab yeej los ntawm lub moos sab nraud, CLKI yuav tsum tau tsav raws li muaj hauv Daim duab 6-4Cov. Yuav kom khiav cov cuab yeej ntawm lub moos sab nraud, CKSEL Fuses yuav tsum muaj txheej txheem rau "00".
Daim duab 6-4. Sab nraud Clock Drive Configuration
Thaum xaiv lub moos no tau xaiv, lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm SUT Fuses raws li pom hauv Table 6-3.
Table 6-3. Lub Sijhawm Pib Ua Haujlwm rau Kev Xaiv Lub Sijhawm Sab Nraud
SUAV [1:0] | Lub sijhawm Pib-pib ntawm lub hwj chim-down | Ncua Ntxiv Los Ntawm Rov Pib Dua | Pom zoo siv |
00 | 6 ck ua | 14CK | BOD qhib muaj |
01 | 6 ck ua | 14 NC + 4 ms | Cov nce hluav taws xob nrawm |
10 | 6 ck ua | 14 NC + 64 ms | Maj mam nce zuj zus lub hwj chim |
11 | Khaws tseg |
Thaum ua ntawv thov lub moos sab nraud, nws yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob hloov pauv sai ntawm cov moos tau siv kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm MCU. Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau zaus tshaj li 2% ntawm ib lub moos mus rau lwm qhov tuaj yeem ua rau tus cwj pwm tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom paub meej tias MCU khaws cia rau hauv qab thaum lub sij hawm cov kev hloov hauv cov moos ntawd.
Nco ntsoov tias Qhov System Clock Presale tuaj yeem siv los ua lub sijhawm hloov sijhawm ntawm cov xuab moos sab hauv thaum tseem ua haujlwm kom ruaj khov. Saib mus “System Clock Prescaler” nyob phab 31 kom paub meej.
Loj Heev PLL Clock
Muaj PLL sab hauv uas muab nominally 64 MHz moos nqi kaw rau RC Oscillator rau kev siv tus ntsuas lub sijhawm / Counter1 thiab rau lub kaw lus moos qhov chaw. Thaum xaiv raws li lub kaw lus moos ua haujlwm, los ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam CKSEL fuses rau '0001', nws muab faib ua plaub qhov zoo li hauv Table 6-4.
Table 6-4. High zaus PLL moos ua haujlwm hom
TSI [3:0] | Neeg Muaj Ntau Sij Hawm |
0001 | 16 MHz |
Thaum xaiv lub moos no tau xaiv, lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm SUT fuses raws li pom hauv Table 6-5.
Table 6-5. Lub Sijhawm Pib Ua Haujlwm rau Lub Sijhawm Siab PLL moos
SUAV [1:0] | Lub sijhawm pib-pib ntawm fais fab tuag | Ntxiv ncua sij hawm los ntawm Fais fab-On Reset (VCC = 5.0V) | Pom zoo siv |
00 | 14 CK + 1K (1024) CK + 4 ms | 4ms ib | BOD qhib muaj |
Table 6-5. Lub Sijhawm Pib Ua Haujlwm rau Lub Sijhawm Siab PLL moos
SUAV [1:0] | Lub sijhawm pib-pib ntawm fais fab tuag | Ntxiv ncua sij hawm los ntawm Fais fab-On Reset (VCC = 5.0V) | Pom zoo siv |
01 | 14 CK + 16K (16384) CK + 4 ms | 4ms ib | Cov nce hluav taws xob nrawm |
10 | 14 CK + 1K (1024) CK + 64 ms | 4ms ib | Maj mam nce zuj zus lub hwj chim |
11 | 14 CK + 16K (16384) CK + 64 ms | 4ms ib | Maj mam nce zuj zus lub hwj chim |
Ntsuas Sab hauv Oscillator
Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, Sab Hauv RC Oscillator muab kwv yees li 8.0 MHz moos. Txawm tias voltage thiab nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, lub moos no tuaj yeem ntsuas tau zoo los ntawm tus neeg siv. Saib “Ua Kom Zoo Sab Hauv RC Oscillator Raug Txiag- kev tsis txaus ntseeg ”nyob rau nplooj 164 thiab "Ceev Oscillator Sab Hauv" ntawm nplooj ntawv 192 kom paub meej ntxiv. Cov cuab yeej xa nrog CKDIV8 Fuse programmed. Saib “System Clock Prescaler” nyob phab 31 kom paub meej ntxiv.
Lub moos no tej zaum yuav raug xaiv raws li cov system moos los ntawm kev sau CKSEL Fuses raws li pom hauv Rooj 6-6 nyob rau nplooj
27Cov. Yog xaiv, nws yuav ua haujlwm nrog tsis muaj cov khoom siv sab nraud. Thaum lub sij hawm pib dua, kho vajtse thau khoom ua ntej qhov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb mus rau hauv OSCCAL Sau Npe thiab thiaj li ua kom ncaj ncaj rau RC Oscillator. Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj qhia ua Lub Hoobkas kev ntsuas nyob hauv Rooj ntawv 21-2 nyob rau nplooj 164.
Los ntawm kev hloov npe rau OSCCAL los ntawm SW, saib “OSCCAL - Oscillator Calibration Register” ntawm nplooj 31, nws yog qhov ua tau kom tau txais qhov ua kom raug siab ntau dua li siv lub Hoobkas ntsuas. Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov calibration no yog qhia raws li tus neeg siv ntsuas rau hauv Rooj ntawv 21-2 nyob rau nplooj 164.
Thaum no Oscillator siv los ua lub moos nti, Cov Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Oscillator tseem yuav siv rau Txoj Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Lub Sijhawm thiab rau Lub Sijhawm Rov Pib-tawm. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev tsim kho ua ntej ua ntej, saib rau ntu "Cali- Kev nyob rau nplooj 150.
Tus oscillator sab hauv kuj tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj 6.4 MHz moos sau ntawv CKSEL fuses rau "0011", raws li qhia hauv Table 6-6 hauv qab. Qhov chaw teeb tsa no tau hais rau ATtiny15 Lub Hom Ntawv Sib Tw thiab npaj siab los muab lub moos ntsuas ntawm 6.4 MHz, xws li hauv ATtiny15. Hauv ATtiny15 Sib Npaum Hom Qhov PLL siv lub cev oscillator khiav ntawm 6.4 MHz los tsim 25.6 MHz ntu sab teeb tsa ua haujlwm rau Timer / Counter1 (saib “8-ntsis Timer / Counter1 hauv ແບບ ATtiny15 ”ntawm nplooj ntawv 95)). Nco ntsoov tias nyob hauv hom kev ua haujlwm no 6.4 MHz moos teeb liab yog ib txwm muab faib los ntawm plaub, muab kev tshaj tawm 1.6 MHz system.
Table 6-6. Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator Ua Haujlwm Hom
TSI [3:0] | Neeg Muaj Ntau Sij Hawm |
0010(1) | 8.0 MHz |
0011(2) | 6.4 MHz |
Cov cuab yeej xa nrog kev xaiv no tau xaiv.
Qhov kev teeb tsa no yuav xaiv hom ATtiny15 Sib Raug Zoo, qhov twg lub kaw lus moos tau muab faib los ntawm plaub, uas ua rau 1.6 MHz moos ua zaus.
Thaum ntsuas lub zog 8 MHz oscillator sab hauv yog xaiv raws li lub moos qhov chaw pib lub sijhawm txiav txim siab los ntawm SUT Fuses raws li qhia hauv Table 6-7 hauv qab no.
Table 6-7. Pib Lub Sijhawm rau Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator Clock
SUAV [1:0] | Lub sijhawm Pib-pib ntawm lub hwj chim-down | Kev ncua sij hawm ntxiv los ntawm kev pib dua (VCC = 5.0V) | Pom zoo siv |
00 | 6 ck ua | 14CK(1) | BOD qhib muaj |
01 | 6 ck ua | 14 NC + 4 ms | Cov nce hluav taws xob nrawm |
10(2) | 6 ck ua | 14 NC + 64 ms | Maj mam nce zuj zus lub hwj chim |
11 | Khaws tseg |
1. Yog tias RSTDISBL fuse raug teeb tsa, lub sijhawm pib no yuav nce rau 14CK + 4 ms kom paub meej tias hom kev nkag tuaj yeem nkag mus.
2. Lub tshuab xa nrog cov ntawv xaiv no.
Hauv ATtiny15 Compatibility Hom pib-lub sijhawm pib txiav txim los ntawm SUT fuses raws li muaj nyob hauv Table 6-8 hauv qab no.
Table 6-8. Start-up Sijhawm rau Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator Clock (hauv ATtiny15 Hom)
SUAV [1:0] | Lub sijhawm Pib-pib ntawm lub hwj chim-down | Kev ncua sij hawm ntxiv los ntawm kev pib dua (VCC = 5.0V) | Pom zoo siv |
00 | 6 ck ua | 14 NC + 64 ms | |
01 | 6 ck ua | 14 NC + 64 ms | |
10 | 6 ck ua | 14 NC + 4 ms | |
11 | 1 ck ua | 14CK(1) |
Lus Cim: Yog tias RSTDISBL fuse yog programmed, lub sijhawm pib no yuav nce mus rau 14CK + 4 ms kom paub meej tias hom kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem nkag mus.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ATtiny15 Compatibility hom tuaj yeem pom hauv ntu "Chaw nres nkoj B (PB5: PB0)" rau paj 2, “Internal PLL hauv hom ATtiny15 Compatibility” ntawm nplooj 24, "8-ntsis Timer / Counter1 hauv ATtiny15 hom" rau paj 95, “Cov kev txwv ntawm debugWIRE” ntawm nplooj ntawv 140, “Calibration Bytes” nyob phab 150 thiab hauv rooj “Moos Xij Meem Xaiv ”ntawm nplooj 33.
Sab hauv 128 kHz Oscillator
Lub 128 kHz internal Oscillator yog lub zog qis Oscillator muab lub moos ntawm 128 kHz. Qhov zaus yog nominal ntawm 3V thiab 25 ° C. Lub moos no tuaj yeem xaiv raws li lub kaw lus moos los ntawm kev ua haujlwm CKSEL Fuses rau "0100".
Thaum xaiv lub moos no tau xaiv, lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm SUT Fuses raws li pom hauv Table 6-9.
Table 6-9. Pib Lub Sijhawm rau 128 kHz Internal Oscillator
SUAV [1:0] | Lub sijhawm Pib-pib ntawm lub hwj chim-down | Ncua Ntxiv Los Ntawm Rov Pib Dua | Pom zoo siv |
00 | 6 ck ua | 14CK(1) | BOD qhib muaj |
01 | 6 ck ua | 14 NC + 4 ms | Cov nce hluav taws xob nrawm |
10 | 6 ck ua | 14 NC + 64 ms | Maj mam nce zuj zus lub hwj chim |
11 | Khaws tseg |
Nco tseg: Yog tias RSTDISBL fuse yog programmed, lub sijhawm pib no yuav raug nce mus rau 14CK + 4 ms kom paub meej tias hom programming tuaj yeem nkag mus.
Tsawg-zaus Crystal Crystal Oscillator
Txhawm rau siv 32.768 kHz saib siv lead ua raws li lub chaw moos rau lub cuab yeej, lub qes zaus Crystal Oscillator yuav tsum tau xaiv los ntawm teeb tsa CKSEL fuses rau '0110'. Lub iav yuav tsum txuas nrog raws li qhia hauv Daim duab 6-5Cov. Txhawm rau kom nrhiav tau qhov haum- muaj peev xwm thauj khoom muaj zog rau 32.768 kHz quaj, thov mus ntsib cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv.
Thaum xaiv qhov no oscillator, lub sijhawm pib-pib yog txiav txim siab los ntawm SUT fuses raws li qhia hauv Table 6-10.
Tab 6-10. Lub Sijhawm Pib Ua Haujlwm rau Tsawg Zaus Crystal Oscillator Clock xaiv
SUAV [1:0] | Lub sijhawm pib-pib ntawm fais fab tuag | Kev ncua sij hawm ntxiv los ntawm kev pib dua (VCC = 5.0V) | Pom zoo siv |
00 | 1K (1024) CK yog(1) | 4ms ib | Lub hwj huam nce ceev lossis BOD qhib |
01 | 1K (1024) CK yog(1) | 64ms ib | Maj mam nce zuj zus lub hwj chim |
10 | 32K (32768) CK yog | 64ms ib | Lub cev ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm pib |
11 | Khaws tseg |
Nco tseg: Cov kev xaiv no yuav tsum tau siv tsuas yog tias qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov pib tsis tseem ceeb.
Cov Tsawg-Crystal Crystal Oscillator muab kev thauj khoom sab hauv, saib Table 6-11 ntawm txhua TOSC tus pin.
Tab 6-11. Capacitance ntawm Low-Frequency Crystal Oscillator
Ntaus ntawv | 32 kHz Osc. Hom | Cap (Xtal1 / Tosc1) | Cap (Xtal2 / Tosc2) |
ATtiny25 / 45/85 | System os. | 16 pf ua | 6 pf ua |
Crystal Oscillator / Ceramic Resonator
XTAL1 thiab XTAL2 yog cov tswv yim thiab tso tawm, feem, ntawm kev hloov pauv amplub neej uas tuaj yeem teeb tsa rau kev siv ua On-chip Oscillator, raws li qhia hauv Daim duab 6-5Cov. Xws li siv cov nplaim hluav taws xob quartz lossis cov ua kom zoo dua qub.
C1 thiab C2 yuav tsum yeej ib txwm sib npaug rau ob qho tib si muaju thiab resonators. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus nqi ntawm cov capacitors yog nyob ntawm cov siv lead ua los yog resonator nyob rau hauv kev siv, tus nqi ntawm stray capacitance, thiab electromagnetic suab nrov ntawm ib puag ncig. Qee cov lus qhia thawj zaug rau kev xaiv cov capacitors rau siv nrog cov muaju yog muab rau hauv Table 6-12 hauv qab. Rau cov resonators tej hub, cov capacitor qhov tseem ceeb muab los ntawm cov khw tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv.
Tab 6-12. Crystal Oscillator Ua Haujlwm Hom
TSI [3:1] | Ntau Zaus (MHz) | Pom Zoo Ntau Yam rau Cov Muaj Peev Xwm C1 thiab C2 rau Siv Nrog Muaj Tsho (pF) |
100(1) | 0.4–0.9 : kuv | – |
101 | 0.9–3.0 : kuv | 12–22 : kuv |
110 | 3.0–8.0 : kuv | 12–22 : kuv |
111 | 8.0 – | 12–22 : kuv |
Lus Cim: Qhov kev xaiv no yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nrog cov muaju, tsuas yog nrog cov ceramic resonators.
Tus Oscillator tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau peb hom sib txawv, txhua tus tsim kho kom haum rau qee qhov ntau zaus. Kev khiav hauj lwm hom yog xaiv los ntawm fuses CKSEL [3: 1] raws li qhia hauv Table 6-12.
Lub CKSEL0 Fuse ua ke nrog SUT [1: 0] Fuses xaiv lub sijhawm pib-sijhawm raws li qhia hauv Table 6-13.
Tab 6-13. Lub Sijhawm Pib Ua Haujlwm rau Crystal Oscillator Clock xaiv
CKSEL 0 | SUAV [1:0] | Lub sijhawm Pib-pib ntawm lub hwj chim-down | Ncua Ntxiv Los Ntawm Rov Pib Dua | Pom zoo siv |
0 | 00 | 258 ck ua(1) | 14 NC + 4 ms | Ceramic resonator, ceev nce siab zog |
0 | 01 | 258 ck ua(1) | 14 NC + 64 ms | Ceramic resonator, maj mam nce siab zog |
0 | 10 | 1K (1024) CK yog(2) | 14CK | Tej hub resonator, BOD enabled |
0 | 11 | 1K (1024) CK(2) | 14 NC + 4 ms | Ceramic resonator, ceev nce siab zog |
1 | 00 | 1K (1024) CK(2) | 14 NC + 64 ms | Ceramic resonator, maj mam nce siab zog |
1 | 01 | 16K (16384) CK yog | 14CK | Crystal Oscillator, BOD qhib |
1 | 10 | 16K (16384) CK yog | 14 NC + 4 ms | Crystal Oscillator, ceev ceev nce lub hwj chim |
1 | 11 | 16K (16384) CK yog | 14 NC + 64 ms | Crystal Oscillator, maj mam nce siab zog |
Sau ntawv
Cov kev xaiv no tsuas yog siv thaum tsis ua haujlwm ze rau qhov ntau zaus ntawm lub cuab yeej, thiab tsuas yog tias kev ua kom tsis muaj teeb meem thaum lub sijhawm pib tsis tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv thov. Cov kev xaiv no tsis haum rau muaju.
Cov kev xaiv no yog npaj rau siv nrog cov resonators tej hub thiab yuav ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov zaus thaum pib. Lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum tsis ua haujlwm nyob ze rau qhov ntau zaus ntawm lub cuab yeej, thiab yog tias muaj pes tsawg zaus thaum lub sijhawm pib tsis tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv thov.
Lub Sijhawm Qhov Teeb Meem Los
Cov cuab yeej raug xa nrog CKSEL = "0010", SUT = "10", thiab CKDIV8 programmed. Lub sijhawm teeb tsa lub sijhawm pib yog li ntawd Internal RC Oscillator khiav ntawm 8 MHz nrog lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm ntev tshaj plaws thiab lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm prescaling ntawm 8, ua rau 1.0 MHz system moos. Qhov kev teeb tsa no ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus neeg siv tuaj yeem ua lawv lub sijhawm xav tau los teeb tsa siv In-System lossis High-voltage Programmer.
Txheej Txheem Saib Xyuas Lub Nruab Nrab
Lub sijhawm ATtiny25 / 45/85 system tuaj yeem muab faib los ntawm kev teeb tsa tus “CLKPR - Moos Npe Sau Npe Tuaj” nyob rau nplooj 32. Cov yam ntxwv no tuaj yeem siv los txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thaum qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lub zog ua haujlwm tsawg. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv nrog txhua qhov kev xaiv moos, thiab nws yuav cuam tshuam rau lub moos zaus ntawm CPU thiab tag nrho cov khoom siv synchronous. clkI/O, clkADC, clkCPU, thiab clkFLASH muab faib los ntawm qhov zoo raws li qhia hauv Rooj ntawv 6-15 nyob rau nplooj 33.
Hloov Sijhawm
Thaum hloov ntawm cov teeb tsa prescaler, Qhov System Clock Prescaler ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv lub moos tsim thiab tsis muaj lub suab nruab nrab tsis siab tshaj qhov tsis muaj qhov hloov lub suab raws lub sijhawm dhau los, thiab tsis pub lub moos ua raws li qhov chaw tshiab.
Cov txee ripple uas siv cov tshuaj prescaler khiav ntawm lub zaus ntawm lub xuaj moos tsis raug, uas tej zaum yuav nrawm dua CPU lub zog zaus. Li no, nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog lub xeev ntawm cov tshuaj cia - txawm tias nws nyeem tau, thiab lub sijhawm nws yuav siv los hloov ntawm ib lub moos faib mus rau lwm qhov tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tau.
Txij lub sijhawm CLKPS qhov tseem ceeb tau sau, nws yuav siv li ntawm T1 + T2 thiab T1 + 2 * T2 ua ntej lub sijhawm tshiab kev ua ywj siab. Nyob hauv lub sijhawm luv no, 2 lub moos ua haujlwm ntawm npoo yog tsim tawm. Ntawm no, T1 yog lub sijhawm dhau los ua lub sijhawm, thiab T2 yog lub sijhawm sib raug rau cov kev ntsuas prescaler tshiab.
Moos Output Tsis
Lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem tsim tawm lub kaw lus moos ntawm CLKO tus pin (thaum tsis siv los ua XTAL2 tus pin). Yuav kom ua kom cov zis, CKOUT Fuse tau ua haujlwm. Cov hom no yog tsim nyog thaum lub moos sib tshooj siv los tsav lwm cov kev ncig ntawm lub system. Nco ntsoov tias lub moos tsis tuaj yeem tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm pib dua thiab tias qhov haujlwm ib txwm ntawm I / O tus lej yuav raug thim rov qab thaum lub fuse raug programmed. Sab Hauv RC Oscillator, WDT Oscillator, PLL, thiab cov moos sab nraud (CLKI) tuaj yeem xaiv thaum lub moos tau tawm ntawm CLKO. Crystal oscillators (XTAL1, XTAL2) tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov moos ua haujlwm ntawm CLKO. Yog hais tias Qhov System Clock Prescaler siv, nws tau muab faib rau qhov system moos uas yog tsim tawm.
Sau npe Cov lus piav qhia
OSCCAL - Oscillator Calibration Tso Npe
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 31 | CAL7 | CAL6 | CAL5 | CAL4 | CAL3 | CAL2 | CAL1 | CAL0 | OSCCAL |
Nyeem/Sau | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W |
Cov Khoom 7: 0 - CAL [7: 0]: Oscillator Ntsuas Tus Nqi
Oscillator Calibration Register yog siv los txiav Kho Qhov Txiaj Ntsig Ntawm Sab Kev Xam Xaj Sab Hauv RC Oscillator los tshem tawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov zauv ua kecillator. Ib qho kev ntsuas ua ntej ua ntej kev txiav txim siab tus nqi yog cia li sau rau qhov kev sau npe thaum lub sij hawm nti tawm, muab Lub Hoobkas ntsuas kom rov qab ntsuas raws li teev hauv Rooj ntawv 21-2 nyob rau nplooj 164Cov. Cov software software tuaj yeem sau npe rau npe no los hloov lub zaus oscillator. Tus oscillator yuav calibrated kom raws li teev hauv Rooj ntawv 21-2 nyob rau nplooj 164Cov. Kev ntsuas kev ntsuas sab nraum qhov ntau tsis tuaj yeem lav.
Nco ntsoov tias cov oscillator no tau siv los ua sijhawm EEPROM thiab Flash sau ntawv nkag, thiab cov sijhawm sau ntawv no yuav cuam tshuam raws li. Yog tias EEPROM lossis Flash sau, tsis txhob ntsuas rau ntau dua 8.8 MHz. Txwv tsis pub, EEPROM lossis Flash sau ntawv yuav poob.
CAL7 ntsis ntsuas qhov ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau oscillator. Kev teeb tsa qhov me ntsis no rau 0 muab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm ntau zaus, teeb tsa qhov me me no rau 1 muab qhov ntau ntau ntau. Qhov ob kab ke muaj ntau zaus yog sib tshooj, hauv lwm lo lus ib qho kev tsim OSCCAL = 0x7F muab ntau zaus ntau dua OSCCAL = 0x80.
CAL [6: 0] cov khoom siv yog siv los kho qhov zaus nyob hauv thaj tsam tau xaiv. Lub sijhawm 0x00 muab kev tso cai qis tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov ntawd, thiab teeb tsa 0x7F muab ntau qhov ntau zaus hauv qhov ntau.
Yuav kom ntseeg tau ruaj khov ntawm MCU qhov kev ntsuas hluav taws xob muaj nqis yuav tsum tau hloov me me. Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau zaus ntau dua 2% los ntawm ib lub voj voog mus rau tom ntej tuaj yeem ua rau tus cwj pwm tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov kev hloov hauv OSCCAL yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0x20 rau txhua qhov ntsuas ntsuas. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom paub meej tias MCU khaws cia rau hauv qab thaum lub sij hawm cov kev hloov hauv cov moos ntawd
Tab 6-14. Sab hauv RC Oscillator Zaus Ntau Yam
Tus nqi OSCCAL | Feem Ntau Qhov Tsawg Tshaj Plaws Uas Muaj Feem Ntau Ntawm Cov Sawv Cev Daws Siab | Raug Mob Loj Tshaj plaws nrog rau Qhov Muaj Peev Xwm Sawv Cev |
0 x 00 | 50% | 100% |
0 x3f | 75% | 150% |
0 x7f | 100% | 200% |
CLKPR - Moos Npe Sau Npe
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 26 | CLKPCE | – | – | – | CLKPS3 | CLKPS2 | CLKPS1 | CLKPS0 | CLKPR |
Nyeem/Sau | R/W | R | R | R | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W |
Tus nqi pib 0 0 0 0 Pom Cov Lus Qhia Me ntsis
Ntsis 7 - CLKPCE: Moos Prescaler Hloov Siv
CLKPCE ntsis yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv kev ua kom ib qho kom pab tau hloov ntawm CLKPS cov khoom. CLKPCE ntsis tsuas yog hloov kho thaum lwm cov khoom hauv CLKPR yog simultaniosly sau rau xoom. CLKPCE yog tshem tawm los ntawm kev kho vajtse plaub lub voj voog tom qab nws sau los yog thaum CLKPS khoom sau. Sau dua CLKPCE ntsis rau lub sijhawm no-sijhawm tsis txuas ntxiv rau lub sijhawm-sijhawm, tsis paub meej CLKPCE ntsis.
Cov Khoom 6: 4 - Res: Cov Khoom Yuav Tsum
Cov khoom me me no tau khaws cia me me hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85 thiab yuav nyeem tas li xoom.
Khoom 3: 0 - CLKPS [3: 0]: Moos Kev Xaiv Xaiv Cov Khoom 3 - 0
Cov khoom no txhais tau qhov sib cais ntawm cov moos uas raug xaiv nrog thiab lub moos sab hauv. Cov khoom no tuaj yeem sau cia lub sijhawm siv sij hawm txhawm rau hloov raws sij hawm moos kom haum rau cov ntawv thov. Raws li qhov sib faib tau faib cov tswv yim tswv yim moos mus rau MCU, qhov nrawm ntawm txhua lub twj hluav taws xob tau txo thaum muaj kev faib tawm tau siv. Cov kev faib ua pab tau muab rau Table 6-15.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob hloov qhov tsis ceev xwm ceev ntawm lub moos hloov pauv, tus txheej txheem sau tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua raws kom hloov pauv CLKPS:
Sau Cov Meem Sij Hawm Hloov Kev Nyab Xeeb Hloov (CLKPCE) me ntsis rau ib qho thiab tag nrho lwm qhov hauv CLKPR txog xoom.
Tsis pub dhau plaub lub voj voog, sau cov yam xav ua rau CLKPS thaum sau tus xoom rau CLKPCE.
Kev cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau xiam tes taw thaum hloov chaw prescaler kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem sau tsis cuam tshuam.
CKDIV8 Fuse txiav txim siab tus nqi pib ntawm CLKPS cov khoom. Yog tias CKDIV8 tsis muaj programmed, CLKPS cov khoom yuav rov pib dua rau "0000". Yog hais tias CKDIV8 yog programmed, CLKPS cov khoom tau rov qab mus rau "0011", muab qhov sib faib ntawm yim thaum pib. Cov yam ntxwv no yuav tsum tau siv yog tias lub moos xaiv tau muaj ntau zaus dua li qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cuab yeej ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tam sim no. Nco ntsoov tias txhua tus nqi tuaj yeem sau rau CLKPS cov khoom txawm hais tias qhov teeb tsa CKDIV8 Fuse. Daim ntawv thov software yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias muaj kev faib txaus txaus
xaiv yog tias lub moos xaiv tau muaj lub siab ntau dua qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cuab yeej ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm tam sim no. Cov cuab yeej xa nrog CKDIV8 Fuse programmed.
Tab 6-15. Clock Prescaler Xaiv
CLKPS3 | CLKPS2 | CLKPS1 | CLKPS0 | Qhov Chaw Haujlwm Cheeb Tsam |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 64 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 128 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 256 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Khaws tseg |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Khaws tseg |
1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Khaws tseg |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Khaws tseg |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Khaws tseg |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Khaws tseg |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Khaws tseg |
Nco tseg: Lub prescaler yog neeg xiam nyob rau hauv ATtiny15 compatibility hom thiab tsis sau ntawv rau CLKPR, los yog programming lub CKDIV8 fuse muaj ib yam dab tsi cuam tshuam rau lub kaw lus moos (uas yuav ib txwm yog 1.6 MHz).
Kev tswj fais fab thiab cov qauv pw tsaug zog
Cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev lag luam ua cov teeb meem ua rau AVR microcontrollers yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov ntawv thov lub zog qis. Ntxiv rau, cov qauv pw tsaug zog ua rau daim ntawv thov kom kaw cov qauv tsis siv hauv MCU, thiaj li txuag hluav taws xob. AVR muab ntau hom kev pw tsaug zog uas tso cai rau tus neeg siv los txiav kev siv fais fab rau cov kev thov.
Cov Pw Tsaug Zog
Daim duab 6-1 nyob rau nplooj 23 pib qhia cov moos ua haujlwm sib txawv thiab lawv cov kev faib tawm hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85. Daim duab yog qhov pab tau xaiv qhov tsim nyog pw tsaug zog. Table 7-1 qhia cov qauv pw tsaug zog sib txawv thiab lawv qhov chaw tsim muaj.
Table 7-1. Active Clock Domains thiab Wake-up Sources nyob rau hauv ntau hom pw tsaug zog
Nyob Moos Moos | Oscillators | Dab Neeg | ||||||||||
Pw tsaug zog hom | clkCPU | clkFLASH | clkIO | clkADC | clkPCK | Main Moos Qhov Chaw Siv | INT0 thiab Tus Pauv Hloov | SPM / EEPROM
Npaj txhij |
USI Pib Mob |
ADC | Lwm yam I/O | Saib xyuas cuam tshuam |
Tsis ua haujlwm | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||
ADC Txo Lub Suab Txwv | X | X | X(1) | X | X | X | X | |||||
Lub hwj chim-down | X(1) | X | X |
Lus Cim: Rau INT0, tsuas yog theem cuam tshuam.
Txhawm rau nkag mus rau ib qho ntawm peb txoj kev pw tsaug zog, SE ntsis hauv MCUCR yuav tsum raug sau rau hauv kev ua raws ib qho thiab kev qhia ntawm SLEEP yuav tsum raug tua. SM [1: 0] cov lus sib dhos hauv MCUCR Tso npe xaiv qhov hom kev pw tsaug zog (Tsis Ua Haujlwm, ADC Kev Tawm Tsam Hluav Taws Xob lossis Lub Hwj Chim Poob) yuav qhib los ntawm SLEEP cov lus qhia. Saib Table 7-2 rau cov ntsiab lus.
Yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam tshwm sim thaum MCU nyob hauv hom pw, MCU sawv. MCU tau raug ncua rau plaub lub hlis ntxiv rau lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm, ua qhov kev cuam tshuam ib ntus, thiab rov pib ua tiav los ntawm kev qhia tom qab SLEEP. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Sau Npe File thiab SRAM tsis hloov pauv thaum lub cuab yeej sawv los ntawm kev tsaug zog. Yog tias rov pib tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog, MCU sawv thiab ua los ntawm Rov Pib Dua Vector.
Nco tseg: yog tias ib theem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam yog siv los tsim kev hloov pauv yuav tsum tau tuav rau qee lub sijhawm los tsa MCU (thiab rau MCU kom nkag mus rau cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam). Saib “Kev cuam tshuam sab nraud” ntawm nplooj 49 kom paub meej.
Kaw Qauv
Thaum SM [1: 0] cov khoom raug sau rau 00, SLEEP cov lus qhia ua rau MCU nkag mus rau Idle hom, nres lub CPU tab sis tso cai rau Analog Comparator, ADC, USI, Timer / Counter, Watchdog, thiab lub kaw lus cuam tshuam txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm- kev. Hom kev pw tsaug zog no yeej nres clkCPU thiab clkFLASH, thaum tso cai rau lwm lub moos khiav.
Hom tsis ua haujlwm yuav ua rau MCU sawv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog rau sab hauv xws li Timer Overflow. Yog tias sawv los ntawm Analog Comparator cuam tshuam tsis tas, Analog Comparator tuaj yeem muaj zog los ntawm teeb tsa ACD me ntsis rau hauv “ACSR - Kev Sib Tham Sib Piv thiab Kev Tso Npe Nkag Rau” ntawm nplooj ntawv 120Cov. Qhov no yuav txo hwj chim siv zog hauv Idle hom. Yog tias ADC qhib lawm, ib qho kev hloov pauv pib ncaj qha thaum hom no nkag mus.
ADC Kev Txo Suab Txo Hom
Thaum SM [1: 0] cov khoom sau rau 01, SLEEP cov lus qhia ua rau MCU nkag mus rau ADC Noise Reduction hom, nres lub CPU tab sis tso cai rau ADC, sab nraud cuam tshuam, thiab Watchdog ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv (yog tias qhib). Hom kev pw tsaug zog no nres clKI/O, clkCPU, thiab clkFLASH, thaum tso cai rau lwm lub moos khiav.
Qhov no txhim kho lub suab nrov puag ncig rau ADC, ua kom muaj kev ntsuas siab dua. Yog tias ADC qhib lawm, ib qho kev hloov pauv pib ncaj qha thaum hom no nkag mus. Daim ntawv sib sau ua ke ntawm ADC Kev Hloov Hloov Ua tiav kev cuam tshuam, tsuas yog Sab Nraud Rov Pib Dua, Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Tshawb Fawb, Rov Qab Ua Si, Brown-out Reset, SPM / EEPROM npaj cuam tshuam, kev cuam tshuam sab nraud los ntawm INT0 lossis tus lej hloov pauv cuam tshuam tuaj yeem tsa lub MCU los ntawm ADC Txo Lub suab nrov hom.
Fais fab-down hom
Thaum SM [1: 0] cov ntawv sau rau 10, SLEEP cov lus qhia ua rau MCU nkag mus rau hom Power-down. Hauv hom no, Oscillator nres, thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, USI pib kev kuaj mob thiab Tus Saib Xyuas txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm (yog tias qhib). Tsuas yog Sab Nraud Rov Ntxiv, Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Nrhiav, Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tawm Tsam Rov Qab, USI pib mob cuam tshuam, sab nraud cuam tshuam sab nraud ntawm INT0 lossis tus lej hloov pauv cuam tshuam tuaj yeem tsa MCU. Cov hom pw no nres tag nrho cov moos tsim, tso cai ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv txuas asynchronous nkaus xwb.
Software BOD Tsis Muaj
Thaum Brown-tawm Ntes (BOD) raug qhib los ntawm BODLEVEL fuses (saib Rooj ntawv 20-4 nyob rau nplooj 148), BOD nquag saib xyuas cov khoom ntimtage thaum pw tsaug zog. Hauv qee yam khoom siv nws tuaj yeem txuag lub zog los ntawm kev tshem tawm BOD los ntawm software hauv Power-Down pw tsaug zog hom. Kev pw tsaug zog hom kev siv hluav taws xob yuav nyob rau tib qib ib yam li thaum BOD tsis taus thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm fuses.
Yog tias BOD raug cuam tshuam los ntawm software, BOD muaj nuj nqi raug tua tam sim tom qab nkag mus rau hom pw tsaug zog. Thaum sawv los ntawm kev pw tsaug zog, BOD tau rov qhib dua. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv rooj plaub theem VCC tau poob thaum lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog.
Thaum lub BOD tau ua tsis taus lawm, lub caij tsim-tsim caij los ntawm kev pw tsaug zog yuav yog tib yam li qhov ntawd rau kev sawv ntawm RESET. Tus neeg siv yuav tsum tswjfwm kev tsim kho lub sijhawm sawv xws li hais tias bandgap reference muaj sijhawm los pib thiab BOD ua haujlwm tau raug zoo ua ntej MCU tseem ua raws cov cai. Saib SUT [1: 0] thiab CKSEL [3: 0] cov khoom fuse hauv cov lus “Fuse Low Byte” nyob rau nplooj ntawv 149
BOD kev txiav txim siab yog tswj hwm los ntawm BODS (BOD pw tsaug zog) me ntsis ntawm MCU Tswj Npe, saib “MCUCR - MCU Kev Tswj Sau npe ”ntawm nplooj 37Cov. Sau qhov no me ntsis mus rau ib tug tso tawm BOD hauv Hwj chim-Down, thaum sau ib lub xoom ua rau BOD nquag. Lub chaw pib yog xoom, piv txwv li BOD nquag.
Sau ntawv rau BODS ntsis yog tswj los ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntu zus thiab ib qho pab kom tsawg, saib “MCUCR - MCU Tswj Kev Tswj Xyuas- ter ”ntawm nplooj 37.
Kev txwv
BOD kev ua haujlwm tsis taus tau ua tiav hauv cov khoom siv hauv qab no nkaus xwb, tsuas yog:
ATtiny25, kho nqi E, thiab tshiab dua
ATtiny45, kho dua D, thiab tshiab tshaj
ATtiny85, kho nqi lus C, thiab tshiab tshaj
Cov kev ntsuas kho tau cim rau pob khoom thiab tuaj yeem nyob raws li hauv qab no:
Hauv qab sab ntawm pob khoom 8P3 thiab 8S2
Sab saum toj ntawm pob 20M1
Hwj Chim Txo Npe
Daim Ntawv Tso Npe Hawm Tus Muaj Hwjchim (PRR), saib “PRR - Kev Tso Npe Txo Npe Fais Fab” nyob phab 38, muab ib txoj hauv kev los txo qis siv zog los ntawm kev nres lub moos rau ib leeg ib leeg. Lub xeev tam sim no ntawm qhov khoom seem tau khov kho thiab sau npe rau I / O tsis tuaj yeem nyeem lossis sau ntawv. Cov khoom siv los ntawm lub tog raj thaum nres lub moos yuav nyob twj ywm, yog li qhov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum yog neeg xiam oob khab ua ntej nres lub moos. Waking ib qho module, uas tau ua los ntawm kev tshem tawm me ntsis hauv PRR, tso qhov module hauv tib lub xeev zoo li ua ntej kaw.
Module shutdown tuaj yeem siv hauv Idle hom thiab Active hom kom txo tau tag nrho cov kev siv fais fab. Hauv txhua txoj kev pw tsaug zog, lub moos twb tau nres lawm. Saib “Muab Khoom Siv Tam Sim No ntawm I / O modules” nyob rau nplooj 177 rau examples.
Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Me Me
Muaj ntau qhov teeb meem yuav tau txiav txim siab thaum sim txo qis siv hluav taws xob hauv kev tswj hwm AVR. Feem ntau, kev pw tsaug zog yuav tsum tau siv ntau li ntau tau, thiab hom pw tsaug zog yuav tsum tau xaiv kom tsawg li tsawg tau ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj haujlwm. Txhua txoj haujlwm tsis xav tau yuav tsum muaj qhov tsis taus. Tshwj xeeb, cov qauv hauv qab no tej zaum yuav xav tau tshwj xeeb thaum sim kom ua tiav qhov qis zog siv hluav taws xob.
Analog rau Digital Converter
Yog tias qhib, ADC yuav qhib rau txhua hom kev pw tsaug zog. Txhawm rau kom txuag hluav taws xob, ADC yuav tsum xiam oob khab ua ntej nkag mus hauv txhua txoj kev pw tsaug zog. Thaum ADC muab tua thiab rov ua dua, hloov dua siab tshiab tom ntej no yuav txuas ntxiv mus. Saib mus “Analog rau Digital Converter” ntawm nplooj ntawv 122 rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm ADC haujlwm.
Analog Sib Piv
Thaum nkag mus rau Idle mode, Analog Comparator yuav tsum yog neeg xiam oob khab yog tias tsis siv. Thaum nkag mus rau ADC Hom Txo Lub Suab nrov, Qhov Sib Piv Sib Piv yuav tsum raug xiam. Hauv lwm hom kev pw tsaug zog, Analog Comparator tau txiav txim siab tsis siv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias Tus Sib Piv Sib Piv tau teeb tsa los siv Internal Voltage Siv raws li cov tswv yim, Cov Sib Piv Sib Piv yuav tsum yog neeg xiam oob khab hauv txhua hom kev pw tsaug zog. Txwv tsis pub, Internal Voltage Kev siv yuav raug qhib, ywj siab ntawm hom pw. Xa mus rau “Tus Piv Piv” nyob rau nplooj 119 kom paub meej txog yuav ua li cas kho Cov Lus Qhia Sib Piv.
Ntes-tawm-Ntes
Yog tias Lub Tsho Ntsuas Pom Tawm tsis xav tau hauv daim ntawv thov, tus qauv no yuav tsum tau muab tua. Yog tias Lub Cim Tsuag-tawm Ntes tau qhib los ntawm BODLEVEL Fuses, nws yuav raug qhib rau hauv txhua hom pw tsaug zog, thiab vim li no, ib txwm haus zog. Hauv kev nqus hom kev pw tsaug zog, qhov no yuav pab tau ntau dua rau tag nrho kev noj nyob rau tam sim no. Saib “Tawb-tawm Detec- tawm ”ntawm nplooj ntawv 41 thiab “Software BOD Disable” ntawm nplooj 35 rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm yuav ua li cas hloov Cov Xim Tawm-tawm Ntes.
Sab Hauv Voltage Siv
Sab Hauv Voltage Kev siv yuav raug qhib thaum xav tau los ntawm Brown-out Detection, Analog Comparator lossis ADC. Yog tias cov qauv no yog neeg xiam oob khab raws li tau piav qhia hauv cov ntu saum toj no, sab hauv voltage siv yuav raug xiam oob qhab thiab nws yuav tsis siv lub zog. Thaum rov qhib dua, tus neeg siv yuav tsum tso cai rau kev pib ua ntej ua ntej tso tawm. Yog tias qhov kev siv tau khaws cia rau hauv hom pw tsaug zog, cov zis tuaj yeem siv tam sim ntawd. Xa mus rau “Sab Hauv Voltage Reference ”ntawm nplooj 42 rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm pib.
Watchdog Timer
Yog tias Saib Xyuas Lub Sij Hawm Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov, qhov qauv no yuav tsum muab tua. Yog tias Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Saib Xyuas tau siv tau, nws yuav raug qhib hauv txhua hom pw tsaug zog, thiab chaw pib, ib txwm haus zog. Hauv kev nqus hom kev pw tsaug zog, qhov no yuav pab tau ntau dua rau tag nrho kev noj nyob rau tam sim no. Saib mus “Saib Sijhawm Teev Tseg” nyob rau phab 42 kom paub meej txog yuav ua li cas txhim kho Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Sijhawm.
Chaw nres nkoj Pins
Thaum nkag mus rau hom pw tsaug zog, txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom siv lub zog tsawg kawg nkaus. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tom qab ntawd kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj pins tsav cov loads. Hauv hom kev pw tsaug zog uas ob lub moos I / O (clkI / O) thiab ADC moos (clkADC) raug tso tseg, cov tswv yim buffers ntawm lub cuab yeej yuav raug kaw. Qhov no ua kom tsis muaj zog
los ntawm cov tswv yim logic thaum tsis xav tau. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov ntsiab lus nkag mus yog qhov xav tau los txhawm rau tsim cov xwm txheej tsim, thiab
nws yuav tau tom qab enabled. Xa mus rau seem “Digital Input Enable and Sleep Modes” nyob phab 57 kom paub meej txog qhov twg pins tau qhib. Yog hais tias lub input tsis yog enabled thiab lub input teeb liab yog sab laug floating los yog muaj ib tug analog teeb liab theem ze rau VCC/2, lub input tsis yuav siv ntau zog.
Rau analog input pins, lub digital input tsis yuav tsum tau ua tsis taus txhua lub sijhawm. Ib qho analog teeb liab theem ze rau VCC/2 ntawm tus pin input tuaj yeem ua rau tam sim no tseem ceeb txawm tias nyob hauv hom nquag. Cov input buffers tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sau ntawv mus rau Digital Input Disable Register (DIDR0). Xa mus rau “DIDR0 - Digital Input Disable Register 0” ntawm nplooj ntawv 121 kom paub meej.
Sau npe Cov lus piav qhia
MCUCR - MCU Tswj Tso Npe
MCU Tswj Tso Npe muaj cov khoom tswj kom tswj hwm lub zog.
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 35 | BODS | PUD | SE | SM 1 | SM 0 | CEV | ISC01 | ISC00 | MCUCR |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cov Ntawv 7 - BODS: BOD Pw Tsaug Zog
BOD lov tes taw muaj nyob rau hauv qee cov khoom siv, tsuas yog. Saib “Qhov Kev Txwv” ntawm nplooj 36.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm BOD thaum pw (saib Rooj ntawv 7-1 nyob rau nplooj 34) BODS ntsis yuav tsum yog sau rau logic ib. Qhov no yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev ntsuas raws sijhawm thiab qhov pab kom nce qis, BODSE hauv MCUCR. Ua ntej, ob qho BODS thiab BODSE yuav tsum teeb tsa ib qho. Thib ob, hauv plaub teev kev voj voog, BODS yuav tsum teeb tsa rau ib qho thiab BODSE yuav tsum teeb tsa ua xoom. Lub BODS ntsis yog nquag peb lub voj voog tom qab nws tau teeb tsa. Cov lus qhia txog kev pw tsaug zog yuav tsum raug tua thaum BODS ua haujlwm kom khiav BOD rau hom kev pw tsaug zog tiag tiag. Lub ntsis BODS yeej cia li huv si tom qab peb lub voj voog.
Hauv cov khoom siv uas pw tsaug zog BOD tsis tau siv lub ntsis no tsis siv thiab yuav nyeem txhua xoom.
Ntsis 5 - SE: Pw Tsaug Zog Pab Kom Tau
SE me ntsis yuav tsum tau sau rau logic ib qho los ua kom MCU nkag mus rau hom pw tsaug zog thaum cov lus qhia SLEEP raug ua tiav. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob MCU nkag mus rau hom pw tsaug zog tshwj tsis yog nws yog tus programmer lub hom phiaj, nws raug nquahu kom sau Sleep Enable (SE) me ntsis rau ib qho ua ntej kev ua tiav ntawm SLEEP cov lus qhia thiab tshem tawm tam sim tom qab sawv.
Bits 4: 3 - SM [1: 0]: Pw Tsaug Zog Xaiv Bits 1 thiab 0
Cov khoom no xaiv ntawm peb qho muaj cov qauv pw tsaug zog raws li qhia hauv Table 7-2.
Table 7-2. Pw tsaug zog hom Xaiv
SM 1 | SM 0 | Pw tsaug zog hom |
0 | 0 | Tsis ua haujlwm |
0 | 1 | ADC Txo Lub Suab Txwv |
1 | 0 | Lub hwj chim-down |
1 | 1 | Khaws tseg |
Tshuav 2 - BODSE: BOD Pw Tsaug Zog
BOD lov tes taw muaj nyob rau hauv qee cov khoom siv, tsuas yog. Saib “Qhov Kev Txwv” ntawm nplooj 36.
Qhov BODSE me ntsis ua rau kev teeb tsa ntawm BODS tswj me ntsis, raws li tau piav qhia ntawm BODS ntsis cov lus qhia. Lub cev tsis ua haujlwm zoo BOD ua raws li lub sijhawm ua ntu zus.
Qhov me ntsis no tsis siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv uas cov software BOD lov tes taw tsis tau siv thiab yuav nyeem ntawv ua xoom hauv cov khoom siv ntawd.
PRR - Txo Npe Hluav Taws Xob
Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Txo Npe Fais Fab muaj ib txoj hauv kev los txo kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev tso cai rau cov cuab yeej teev lub cev.
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 20 | – | – | – | – | PRTIM 1 | PRTIM 0 | PRUSI | PRADC | PRR |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R | R | R | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cov Khoom 7: 4 - Res: Cov Khoom Yuav Tsum
Cov khoom me me no tau khaws cia me me hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85 thiab yuav nyeem tas li xoom.
Tshuav 3 - PRTIM1: Lub Hwj Chim Txo Timer / Counter1
Sau lub laj thawj ib qho rau me ntsis no yuav txo tau Timer / Counter1 module. Thaum Timer / Counter1 tau qhib, kev ua haujlwm yuav txuas mus zoo li ua ntej kaw.
Tshuav 2 - PRTIM0: Lub Hwj Chim Txo Timer / Counter0
Sau lub laj thawj ib qho rau me ntsis no yuav txo tau Timer / Counter0 module. Thaum Timer / Counter0 tau qhib, kev ua haujlwm yuav txuas mus zoo li ua ntej kaw.
Npaum 1 - PRUSI: Txo Hwj chim USI
Sau ntawv lub laj thawj ib qho mus rau qhov no shuts USI los ntawm kev ncua lub moos mus rau qhov module. Thaum sawv rov los USI ntxiv, yuav tsum rov qab pib USI kom paub tseeb tias ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Ntsis 0 - PRADC: Txo Hwjchim ADC
Sau ntawv lub laj thawj ib qho mus rau qhov no txo qhov ADC. ADC yuav tsum muaj kev xiam oob khab ua ntej kaw. Nco ntsoov tias ADC moos tseem siv tau los ntawm qee qhov ntawm cov khoom sib piv, uas txhais tau tias tus ntsuas hluav taws xob analogue tsis tuaj yeem siv thaum qhov no me ntsis.
System Tswj thiab rov qab pib dua
Rov teeb tsa AVR
Thaum lub sij hawm rov pib dua, txhua tus I / O Cov Ntawv Teev Npe tau tsim kho rau lawv qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qhov kev zov me nyuam pib ua tiav los ntawm Kev Rov Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Ua Tus. Cov kev qhia muab tso rau ntawm Reset Vector yuav tsum yog RJMP - Relative Jump - kev qhia rau kev rov ua dua tshiab. Yog tias qhov kev zov me nyuam yeej tsis ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam, lub Interrupt Vectors tsis siv, thiab cov program code tau tso rau ntawm cov chaw no. Daim phiajcim Circuit Court hauv Daim duab 8-1 qhia tau tias pib dua kev xav. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob rov pib dua nyob rau hauv “Txheej Txheem thiab Rov Ua Cov Cwj Pwm” nyob rau nplooj 165.
Daim duab 8-1 Reset Logic
I / O ports ntawm AVR tam sim ntawd rov qab hloov mus rau lawv lub xeev thaum pib qhov chaw pib dua. Qhov no tsis tas yuav tsum tau muaj cov xuaj moos los ua haujlwm.
Tom qab txhua qhov chaw pib dua tau ploj mus, lub txiaj ntsig ncua tau thov, ncab lub zog sab hauv. Qhov no tso cai rau lub zog kom mus txog qib kom ruaj khov ua ntej kev ua haujlwm ib txwm pib. Lub sijhawm-tawm ntawm lub sijhawm tiv thaiv qeeb yog txhais los ntawm tus neeg siv dhau los ntawm SUT thiab CKSEL Fuses. Qhov sib txawv xaiv rau lub sijhawm qeeb yog nthuav tawm hauv “Moos Qhov chaw ”nyob nplooj 25.
Rov Qhia Cov Chaw
Lub ATtiny25 / 45/85 muaj plaub qhov chaw ntawm qhov rov pib dua:
Hwj chim-rau Pib dua. MCU tau rov pib dua thaum muab cov khoom ntimtage yog qis dua lub Hwj Chim-on Reset pib (VPOT).
Rov Sib Ntsib Sab Nraud. MCU rov pib dua thaum qib qes qis ntawm tus RESET tus pin ntev dua qhov tsawg kawg ntawm qhov mem tes ntev.
Rov Saib Dua. MCU raug teeb tsa dua thaum lub sijhawm Watchdog Timer tag sijhawm thiab Qhov Chaw Saib Xyuas raug qhib lawm.
Brown-out Reset. MCU tau rov pib dua thaum muab cov khoom ntimtage VCC nyob hauv qab ntawm Brown-out Reset threshold (VBOT) thiab Brown-out Detector tau qhib.
Fais fab tuag-pib Rov
Lub zog fais fab rov pib dua (POR) mem tes yog tsim los ntawm Kev Taw Qhia On-chip. Theem qib kev txiav txim siab txhais nyob rau hauv "Sib- tem thiab Reset Cov Cwj Pwm ”ntawm nplooj ntawv 165. Lub POR tau qhib thaum twg VCC qis dua qhov ntsuas pom. Lub POR Circuit Court tuaj yeem siv los ua kom rov pib dua, nrog rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.tage.
Lub Hwj Huam Pib-Pib (POR) Circuit kom ntseeg tau tias lub cuab yeej tau rov pib dua los ntawm Power-on. Mus txog Lub Hwj Chim-Pib Pib dua qhov pib voltage invokes lub txee ncua, uas txiav txim siab ntev npaum li cas cov cuab yeej khaws cia hauv RESET tom qab VCC nce. Lub teeb liab RESET tau qhib dua, tsis muaj kev ncua, thaum VCC txo qis dua qib kev tshawb pom.
Daim duab 8-2. MCU Pib-up, RESET khi rau VCC
INTERNAL RESET
Daim duab 8-3. MCU Pib-up, RESET Extended Externally
Rov Sib Ntsib Sab Nraud
Ib sab nraud rov qab yog tsim los ntawm theem qes ntawm tus RESET tus pin yog tias siv tau. Rov qab pulses ntev dua li qhov tsawg tshaj plaws mem tes dav (saib “Txheej Txheem thiab Rov Ua Cov Cwj Pwm” nyob rau nplooj 165) yuav tsim kom rov pib dua, txawm tias lub moos tsis ua haujlwm. Cov roj luv luv tsis tau lees tias tsim kom rov pib dua. Thaum lub teeb liab thov mus txog Qhov Pib Pib Pib Voltage - VRST - ntawm nws qhov zoo, lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm pib MCU tom qab Lub Sijhawm Tawm tau tas sijhawm.
Daim duab 8-4. Sab nraud Reset Thaum ua haujlwm
Kev Tshawb Fawb-tawm
ATtiny25/45/85 muaj On-chip Brown-out Detection (BOD) Circuit Court rau kev saib xyuas qib VCC thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm los ntawm kev sib piv nws mus rau theem ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Cov theem pib rau BOD tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm BODLEVEL Fuses. Cov theem pib muaj qhov hysteresis kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj Brown-out Detection. Lub hysteresis ntawm qib nrhiav pom yuav tsum tau txhais li VBOT + = VBOT + VHYST/2 thiab VBOT- = VBOT – VHYST/2.
Thaum BOD tau qhib, thiab VCC txo qis rau tus nqi qis dua theem pib (VBOT- hauv Daim duab 8-5), qhov Brown-tawm Reset yog qhib tam sim ntawd. Thaum VCC nce siab tshaj qhov ua rau theem (VBOT + hauv Daim duab 8-5), lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm pib MCU tom qab Lub Sijhawm Tawm tTOUT tau tas sijhawm.
BOD Circuit Court tsuas yog kuaj pom qhov poob hauv VCC yog tias voltage nyob qis dua qib ua rau ntev dua tBOD muab rau hauv “Txheej Txheem thiab Rov Ua Cov Cwj Pwm” nyob rau nplooj 165.
Rov Saib Dua
Thaum Lub Sijhawm Saib Xyuas Sijhawm tawm, nws yuav tsim lub sijhawm luv luv rov pib dua ntawm ib lub sijhawm CK. Ntawm qhov poob ntawm lub mem tes no, lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm pib suav lub Sijhawm-tawm sijhawm tTOUT. Xa mus rau “Saib Sijhawm Teev Tseg” nyob rau phab 42 cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev khiav haujlwm ntawm Watchdog Timer.
Voltage Siv Siv Tau Teeb Meem thiab Lub Sijhawm Pib
Qhov voltage kev hais qhia muaj lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txoj hauv kev nws yuav tsum siv. Lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm tau muab rau hauv “Txheej Txheem thiab Rov Ua Cov Cwj Pwm” nyob rau nplooj 165Cov. Yuav kom txuag tau lub zog, qhov kev siv tsis hloov tas li. Qhov kev rov pauv muaj nyob rau thaum lub sijhawm cov xwm txheej no:
Thaum BOD qhib kev ua haujlwm (los ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam lub sijhawm BODLEVEL [2: 0] Fuse Khoom).
Thaum lub vev xaib bandgap txuas nrog Analog Comparator (los ntawm kev teeb tsa ACBG me ntsis hauv ACSR).
Thaum ADC qhib lawm.
Yog li, thaum BOD tsis qhib, tom qab teeb tsa ACBG me ntsis lossis siv ADC, tus neeg siv yuav tsum tso cai cia siv pib ua ntej cov zis los ntawm Analog Comparator lossis ADC siv. Txhawm rau kom txo hwj chim nyob hauv Power-down hom, tus neeg siv tuaj yeem zam peb yam xwm txheej saum toj no los xyuas kom meej tias cov ntawv xa mus muab tua ua ntej nkag mus rau hom Power-down.
Watchdog Timer
Lub Sijhawm Saib Xyuas Lub Sijhawm yog moos los ntawm Ib qho On-chip Oscillator uas khiav ntawm 128 kHz. Los ntawm kev tswj lub Watchdog Timer prescaler, Lub Sijhawm Watchdog Reset tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li pom hauv Rooj ntawv 8-3 nyob rau nplooj 46Cov. Lub WDR - Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Nrhiav - Kev qhia rov pib dua Lub Sijhawm Saib Xyuas Lub Sijhawm. Lub Chaw Watchdog Timer tseem rov pib dua thaum nws xiam oob qhab thiab thaum lub nti rov pib dua. Kaum lub caij nyoog sib txawv tuaj yeem xaiv tau los txiav txim lub sijhawm pib dua. Yog hais tias lub sijhawm pib dua sijhawm tsis muaj dua Watchdog Reset, ATtiny25 / 45/85 rov pib dua thiab ua tiav los ntawm Reset Vector. Txhawm rau cov lus qhia ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Watchdog Reset, xa mus rau Rooj ntawv 8-3 nyob rau nplooj 46.
Lub Sijhawm Saib Xyuas kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim teeb tsa kom ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev hloov chaw tsis txhob rov pib dua. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab tau zoo thaum siv Kev Saib Xyuas kom sawv tsim los ntawm Lub Hwj Chim-down.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsis xav ua kom tsis txhob saib ntawm Watchdog lossis tsis hloov qhov tsis xav txog lub sijhawm, ob qho kev nyab xeeb sib txawv raug xaiv los ntawm fuse WDTON raws li qhia hauv Table 8-1 Xa mus rau “Teem Sijhawm rau Sijhawm Hloov Pauv Hloov muaj lub sijhawm ntawm Lub Chaw Watchdog ”nyob rau nplooj ntawv 43 kom paub meej.
Table 8-1. WDT Configuration as a Function of the Fuse Settings of WDTON
WDTON | Qib kev nyab xeeb | WDT Thawj Hnub | Yuav ua li cas Kaw Cov Khoom Siv WDT | Yuav Hloov Li Cas Sijhawm thiab |
Unprogrammed | 1 | Neeg tsis taus | Timed raws sijhawm | Tsis muaj kev txwv |
Programmed | 2 | Pab tau | Ib txwm qhib siv | Timed raws sijhawm |
Daim duab 8-7. Watchdog Timer
Cov Sijhawm Teem Sijhawm rau Hloov Pauv Hloov ntawm Kev Saib Xyuas Timer
Cov kab ke ntawm kev hloov pauv txawv me ntsis ntawm ob qib nyab xeeb. Cov txheej txheem cais tau piav qhia rau txhua qib.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Qib 1: Hauv hom no, Watchdog Timer pib ua tsis taus, tab sis tuaj yeem qhib tau los ntawm kev sau WDE me ntsis rau ib qho tsis muaj kev txwv. Yuav tsum muaj lub sijhawm ua ntu zus thaum lub sijhawm qhib lub Watchdog Timer. Txhawm rau kaw qhov qhib Watchdog Timer, cov txheej txheem hauv qab no yuav tsum ua raws:
Hauv tib qho kev ua haujlwm, sau ib lub cav ib qho rau WDCE thiab WDE. Ib qho laj thawj yuav tsum tau sau mus rau WDE kev xav txog - tsawg dua ntawm tus nqi yav dhau los ntawm WDE ntsis.
Hauv plaub lub voj voog tom ntej no, nyob rau hauv tib qho kev ua haujlwm, sau WDE thiab WDP kab raws li qhov xav tau, tab sis nrog WDCE me ntsis raug tshem tawm.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Qib 2: Hauv hom no, Watchdog Timer ib txwm qhib, thiab WDE me ntsis yuav ib txwm nyeem ua ib qho. Yuav tsum muaj sijhawm ua ntu zus thaum hloov Lub Sijhawm Saib Xyuas Sijhawm Tawm. Txhawm rau hloov Lub Sijhawm Saib Xyuas Sijhawm Tawm, yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
Nyob rau hauv tib qho kev ua haujlwm, sau ib lub laj thawj rau WDCE thiab WDE. Txawm hais tias WDE ib txwm teeb tsa, WDE yuav tsum sau rau ib qho los pib lub sijhawm raws caij nyoog.
Hauv plaub lub voj voog tom ntej no, nyob rau hauv tib qho kev ua haujlwm, sau WDP kab raws li qhov xav tau, tab sis nrog WDCE me ntsis raug tshem tawm. Tus nqi sau rau WDE ntsis yog tsis cuam tshuam.
Txoj Cai Example
Cov cai hauv qab no example qhia txog ib qho kev sib dhos thiab ib qho C ua haujlwm rau tua WDT. Tus example xav tias kev cuam tshuam raug tswj (piv txwv li, los ntawm kev xiam oob khab cuam tshuam thoob ntiaj teb) yog li tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam yuav tshwm sim thaum ua tiav cov haujlwm no.
Los Ua Ke Txoj Cai Example(1) |
WDT_off:
wdr ; Ntshiab WDRF hauv MCUSR lwd r16, (0< tawm MCUSR, r16 ; Sau cov zaj lus sau ib yam mus rau WDCE thiab WDE ; Khaws cov tshuaj khaws cia qub los tiv thaiv qhov tsis tau npaj cia Watchdog Reset ua r16,wdcr ib r16, (1< tawm WDTCR, r16 ; Xu siab rau WDT lwd r16, (0< tawm WDTCR, r16 rov |
C Cod Example(1) |
void WDT_off (void)
{ _WDR (); /* Clear WDRF hauv MCUSR */ MCUSR = 0x00 /* Sau qhov laj thawj rau WDCE thiab WDE */ WDTCR |= (1< / * Kaw Tawm WDT * / WDTCR = 0x00; } |
Nco tseg: 1. Saib “Cod Ex ibamples ”ntawm nplooj 6.
Sau npe Cov lus piav qhia
MCUSR - MCU Kev Tso Npe Rau Npe
MCU Kev Tso Npe Nkag Npe muab cov ntaub ntawv txog qhov kev rov pib dua qhov twg ua rau MCU Rov pib dua.
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 34 | – | – | – | – | WDRF | HLUB | EXTRF | PORF | MCUSR |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R | R | R | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W |
Tus nqi pib 0 0 0 0 Pom Cov Lus Qhia Me ntsis
Cov Khoom 7: 4 - Res: Cov Khoom Yuav Tsum
Cov khoom me me no tau khaws cia me me hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85 thiab yuav nyeem tas li xoom.
Tshuav 3 - WDRF: Cov Lus Qhia Saib Dua Rov Pib Dua
Lub npov no yog teeb tsa yog tias Saib Xov Xwm Rov tshwm sim. Lub ntsis tau rov pib dua los ntawm Power-on Reset, lossis los ntawm kev sau lub cav ib xoom rau tus chij.
Ntsis 2 - BORF: Xim av-tawm Pib dua Daim chij
Qhov me ntsis no tau teeb tsa yog tias Brown-out Reset tshwm sim. Lub ntsis tau rov pib dua los ntawm Power-on Reset, lossis los ntawm kev sau lub cav ib xoom rau tus chij.
Tshuav 1 - EXTRF: Sab Nraud Rov Pib Tus Chij
Cov teeb no yog teeb tsa yog muaj Kev Sab Nraud Rov tshwm sim. Lub ntsis tau rov pib dua los ntawm Power-on Reset, lossis los ntawm kev sau lub cav ib xoom rau tus chij.
Ntsis 0 - PORF: Fais fab tuag-ntawm Rov Pib Daim Chij
Qis no tau teeb tsa yog tias Power-on Rov pib dua. Lub ntsis rov pib dua tsuas yog sau ib lub cav qhov xoom kom tus chij.
Txhawm rau siv Daim Ntawv Rov Pib Siv Rov Ua Haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem, tus neeg siv yuav tsum nyeem thiab tom qab ntawd pib kho MCUSR kom ntxov li ntxov tau hauv txoj haujlwm. Yog tias cov ntawv sau npe raug tshem tawm ua ntej lwm qhov rov tshwm sim, qhov chaw ntawm qhov rov ua haujlwm tuaj yeem nrhiav tau los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas Daim Pib Kho Dua.
WDTCR - Saib Xyuas Lub Sij Hawm Tswj Xyuas Lub Npe Teev Npe
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 21 | WDIF | WDIE | wb 3 | WDCE | WDE | wb 2 | wb 1 | wb 0 | WDTCR |
Nyeem/Sau | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ntsis 7 - WDIF: Saib Xyuas Lub Sij Hawm Ncaws Sij Hawm Cuam Tshuam
Qhov me ntsis no tau teeb tsa thaum qhov sij hawm tsis zoo tshwm sim hauv Tus Saib Xyuas Timer thiab Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Saib Xyuas tau raug teeb tsa rau kev cuam tshuam. WDIF tshem tawm los ntawm kho vajtse thaum ua cov coj sib cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam vector. Xwb, WDIF tshem tawm los ntawm kev sau ib daim ntawv ib qho mus rau tus chij. Thaum I-ntsis hauv SREG thiab WDIE tau teeb tsa, Watchdog Time-out Interrupt raug tua.
Ntsis 6 - WDIE: Saib Xyuas Lub Sij Hawm Sijhawm Luv Sij Hawm Kom Ncua
Thaum cov ntawv no me ntsis sau rau ib qho, WDE raug tshem tawm, thiab I-ntsis hauv Chaw Sau Npe raug teeb tsa, Watchdog Time-out Interrupt yog qhib kom ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv hom no sib cuam tshuam sib cuam tshuam ua tiav es tsis txhob pib dua yog tias lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv Watchdog Timer tshwm sim.
Yog tias WDE tau teeb tsa, WDIE yog qhov kho kom zoo los ntawm kho vajtse thaum lub sijhawm tawm mus. Qhov no yog qhov txiaj ntsig rau kev saib xyuas Cov Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Nyab Xeeb thaum siv kev cuam tshuam. Tom qab qhov WDIE ntsis tau raug tshem tawm, lub sijhawm tom ntej-tawm yuav tsim kom rov pib dua. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Chaw, WDIE yuav tsum tau teeb tsa tom qab txhua tus cuam tshuam.
Table 8-2. Watchdog Timer Configuration
WDE | WDIE | Cov Thawj Saib Xyuas Lub Xeev | Ua Sijhawm So-Tawm |
0 | 0 | Nres | Tsis muaj |
0 | 1 | Khiav | cuam tshuam |
1 | 0 | Khiav | Rov pib dua |
1 | 1 | Khiav | cuam tshuam |
Tshuav 4 - WDCE: Saib Xyuas Hloov Hloov Qhib
Qhov no yuav tsum tau teeb tsa thaum WDE ntsis yog sau kom ua xoom xoom. Txwv tsis pub, Lub Chaw Watchdog yuav tsis xiam. Thaum sau ntawv rau ib qho, kho vajtse yuav ntxuav tawm me ntsis no tom qab plaub teev mus. Xa mus rau kev piav qhia ntawm WDE me ntsis rau Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Tsis Taus. Qhov no me ntsis tseem yuav tsum tau teeb tsa thaum hloov cov khoom siv prescaler. Saib “Teem Sij Hawm rau Pauv Kev Hloov ntawm Kev Saib Xyuas Lub Sijhawm Saib Xyuas ”ntawm nplooj 43.
Ntsis 3 - WDE: Saib Xyuas Txhawb
Thaum WDE tau sau rau lub cav ib qho, Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Teev tau qhib, thiab yog tias WDE sau rau lub cav qhov xoom, qhov haujlwm Watchdog Timer tsis taus. WDE tsuas yog muab tshem tawm yog tias WDCE ntsis muaj kev xav txog qib ib. Yuav kom lov tes taw tau saib Watchdog Timer, txoj kev hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws:
Hauv tib qho kev ua haujlwm, sau ib lub laj kab ib mus rau WDCE thiab WDE. Ib qho kev sib cav yuav tsum tau sau mus rau WDE txawm hais tias nws tau teeb tsa ib qho ua ntej kev pib ua haujlwm tsis taus.
Hauv plaub teev tom ntej voj voog, sau lub cav 0 txog WDE. Qhov no ua rau Saib Kev Saib Xyuas.
Hauv kev nyab xeeb theem 2, nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua lub sijhawm Saib Xyuas Lub Sijhawm, txawm hais tias muaj kev ntseeg tau piav qhia saum toj no. Saib “Teem Sij Hawm rau Hloov Pauv Kev Hloov ntawm Tus Saib Xyuas Timer” ntawm nplooj ntawv 43.
Hauv kev nyab xeeb theem 1, WDE tau dhau los ntawm WDRF hauv MCUSR. Saib “MCUSR - MCU Tso Npe Nkag Tuaj” nyob rau nplooj 44 rau kev piav qhia ntawm WDRF. Qhov no txhais tau tias WDE yog ib txwm teeb tsa thaum WDRF tau teeb tsa. Txhawm rau kom pom tseeb WDE, WDRF yuav tsum tau ua kom huv ua ntej yuav txiav tawm Lub Chaw Watchdog nrog cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia saum toj no. Cov yam ntxwv no ua kom paub meej ntau daim pib rov qab thaum lub sijhawm ua rau tsis ua haujlwm, thiab kev pib nyab xeeb tom qab qhov tsis ua tiav.
Nco tseg: Yog tias lub sijhawm saib xyuas lub sijhawm yuav tsis siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem hauv kev pib ntawm lub cuab yeej. Yog tias Watchdog raug yuam kev, piv txwv liample los ntawm tus taw qhia khiav tawm lossis xim av tawm, lub cuab yeej yuav rov pib dua, uas nyob rau hauv yuav ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas dua tshiab. Txhawm rau zam qhov xwm txheej no, daim ntawv thov software yuav tsum ib txwm tshem WDRF chij thiab WDE tswj me ntsis hauv kev pib ua haujlwm niaj hnub.
Cov khoom 5, 2: 0 - WDP [3: 0]: Saib Xyuas Timer Prescaler 3, 2, 1, thiab 0
WDP [3: 0] cov khoom txiav txim siab Saib Qhov Kev Saib Xyuas Tim Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv thaum qhov chaw ntawm Watchdog Timer siv tau. Cov sib txawv prescaling muaj nuj nqis thiab lawv Lub Sij Hawm Timeout tau qhia hauv Table 8-3.
Table 8-3. Watchdog Timer Prescale Xaiv
wb 3 | wb 2 | wb 1 | wb 0 | Tus naj npawb ntawm WDT Oscillator Cycles | Lub sij hawm tawm ntawm VCC = 5.0V |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2K (2048) mus ncig | 16ms ib |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4K (4096) mus ncig | 32ms ib |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8K (8192) mus ncig | 64ms ib |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 16K (16384) mus ncig | 0.125 XNUMXs |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 32K (32764) mus ncig | 0.25 XNUMXs |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 64K (65536) mus ncig | 0.5 XNUMXs |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 128K (131072) mus ncig | 1.0 XNUMXs |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 256K (262144) mus ncig | 2.0 XNUMXs |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 512K (524288) mus ncig | 4.0 XNUMXs |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1024K (1048576) mus ncig | 8.0 XNUMXs |
Table 8-3. Watchdog Timer Prescale Xaiv (Txuas ntxiv)
wb 3 | wb 2 | wb 1 | wb 0 | Tus naj npawb ntawm WDT Oscillator Cycles | Lub sij hawm tawm ntawm VCC = 5.0V |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Khaws tseg(1) | |
1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Nco tseg: 1. Yog tias xaiv, ib qho ntawm cov chaw siv tau hauv qab no 0b1010 yuav raug siv.
Kev cuam tshuam
Ntu no piav qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam los cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm raws li tau ua hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85. Txog kev nthuav dav dav hauv AVR kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam, saib rau “Rov Pib thiab Cuam Tshuam” ntawm nplooj ntawv 12.
Kev cuam tshuam Vectors hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85
Qhov cuam tshuam vectors ntawm ATtiny25 / 45/85 tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv Table 9-1hauv qab no.
Table 9-1. Pib dua thiab cuam tshuam Vectors
Vector Tsis. | Qhov Chaw Pabcuam | Qhov chaw | Kev cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus |
1 | 0 x 0000 | RESET | Sab Nraud Sab Nraud, Hwj Huam Rov Tawm Dua Tshiab, Rov Ua Dua-Pib Dua, Saib Xyuas Dua |
2 | 0 x 0001 | TSI 0 | Kev Sab Nraud Kev Thov Sab Nraud 0 |
3 | 0 x 0002 | PCINT 0 | Tus Hloov Pauv Hloov Thov 0 |
4 | 0 x 0003 | TIMER1_COMPA UA | Timer / Counter1 Sib Tw Piv A |
5 | 0 x 0004 | TIMER1_OVF | Timer / Counter1 txeej |
6 | 0 x 0005 | TIMER0_OVF | Timer / Counter0 txeej |
7 | 0 x 0006 | EE_RDY | EEPROM Npaj |
8 | 0 x 0007 | ANA_COMP | Analog Sib Piv |
9 | 0 x 0008 | ADC | ADC Kev Hloov Tiav Ua tiav |
10 | 0 x 0009 | TIMER1_COMPB | Timer / Counter1 Sib Tw Piv B |
11 | 0 x000a | TIMER0_COMPA UA | Timer / Counter0 Sib Tw Piv A |
12 | 0x000B | TIMER0_COMPB | Timer / Counter0 Sib Tw Piv B |
13 | 0x000 wb | WDT | Saib Lom Zem Lub sijhawm-tawm |
14 | 0 x000d | USI_START | USI PIB |
15 | 0 x000e | USI_OVF | USI txeej |
Yog tias qhov kev zov me nyuam yeej tsis ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam, lub Interrupt Vectors tsis siv, thiab cov program code tau tso rau ntawm cov chaw no.
Kev teeb tsa ib txwm thiab dav rau cuam tshuam cov chaw nyob vector hauv ATtiny25/45/85 tau qhia hauv qhov haujlwm example nram.
Los Ua Ke Txoj Cai Example | ||
org 0x0000 | ; Chaw nyob ntawm tom ntej | nqe lus |
rjmp RESET | ; Chaw Nyob 0x0000 | |
rjmp INT0_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x0001 | |
rjmp PCINT0_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x0002 | |
rjmp TIM1_COMPA_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x0003 | |
rjmp TIM1_OVF_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x0004 | |
rjmp TIM0_OVF_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x0005 | |
rjmp EE_RDY_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x0006 | |
rjmp ANA_COMP_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x0007 | |
rjmp ADC_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x0008 | |
rjmp TIM1_COMPB_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x0009 | |
rjmp TIM0_COMPA_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x000A | |
rjmp TIM0_COMPB_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x000B | |
rjmp WDT_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x000C | |
rjmp USI_START_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x000D | |
rjmp USI_OVF_ISR | ; Chaw Nyob 0x000E | |
RESET: | ; Kev kawm tseem ceeb pib | |
; Chaw Nyob 0x000F | ||
… |
Nco tseg: Saib “Cod Ex ibamples ”ntawm nplooj 6.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Sab Nraud
Kev cuam tshuam Sab nraud yog tshwm sim los ntawm INT0 tus pin lossis ib qho ntawm PCINT [5: 0] koob. Saib xyuas tias, yog tias siv tau, qhov kev cuam tshuam yuav cuam tshuam txawm tias INT0 lossis PCINT [5: 0] pins tau teeb tsa ua qhov tawm. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no muab txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim cov software cuam tshuam. Tus lej hloov pauv cuam tshuam PCI yuav tshwm sim yog tias muaj PCINT qhib [5: 0] tus pin toggles. PCMSK Tso npe tswj uas cov pins pab txhawb tus lej hloov pauv. Tus lej hloov pauv cuam tshuam ntawm PCINT [5: 0] raug kuaj pom tsis muaj tseeb. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov kev cuam tshuam no tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv qhov chaw ib feem los ntawm hom kev pw tsaug zog uas tsis yog hom Idle.
Lub sijhawm INT0 kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem ua rau ntog poob lossis nce qhov ntug lossis theem qis. Qhov no tau teeb tsa raws li qhia nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau MCU Tswj Kev Tso Npe - MCUCR. Thaum lub INT0 kev cuam tshuam yog qhib thiab tau teeb tsa raws li qib qib, qhov kev cuam tshuam yuav ua rau ntev npaum li tus pin tau tuav qis. Nco ntsoov tias kev lees paub txog kev poob lossis nce ntug nyob ntawm INT0 yuav tsum muaj lub sijhawm I / O moos, piav qhia hauv “Moos Tshuab thiab Lawv Tau faib Tawm” rau paj 23.
Qib Qis Kev cuam tshuam tsawg
Qhov qes qis ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm INT0 raug kuaj pom asynchronously. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev cuam tshuam no tuaj yeem siv rau waking ib feem los ntawm hom kev pw tsaug zog uas tsis yog hom Idle. I / O moos raug txwv nyob hauv txhua hom pw tsaug zog tsuas yog Idle hom.
Nco ntsoov tias yog tias ib theem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siv rau kev sawv los ntawm Lub Hwj Chim-down, theem yuav tsum tau tuav ntev txaus rau MCU kom ua tiav qhov sawv los ua rau theem cuam tshuam. Yog tias qib ploj mus ua ntej kawg ntawm Lub Sij Hawm Pib, MCU tseem yuav sawv, tab sis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam yuav raug tsim tawm. Lub sijhawm pib yog txhais los ntawm SUT thiab CKSEL Fuses raws li tau piav qhia hauv “Txheej System thiab Moos Kev Xaiv” ntawm nplooj 23.
Yog tias qib qes ntawm tus lej sib cuam tshuam raug tshem tawm ua ntej lub cuab yeej tau tsa, qhov kev pab cuam lub luag haujlwm yuav tsis pauv mus rau kev cuam tshuam cov kev pab cuam tab sis txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev qhia ua raws li SLEEP cov lus txib.
Tus Pauv Hloov Pauv Hloov Sij Hawm
Ib example ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm tus lej hloov pauv cuam tshuam tau qhia hauv Daim duab 9-1.
Sau npe Cov lus piav qhia
MCUCR - MCU Tswj Tso Npe
Kev Tso Npe Rau Sab Nraud Thaiv Cuam Tshuam A muaj cov tswj kab rau kev cuam tshuam tswj kev nkag siab.
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 35 | BODS | PUD | SE | SM 1 | SM 0 | CEV | ISC01 | ISC00 | MCUCR |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cov khoom me me 1: 0 - ISC0 [1: 0]: Kev cuam tshuam tswj qhov siab 0 Ntsis 1 thiab Ntsis 0
Sab nraud cuam tshuam sab nraud 0 ua kom los ntawm tus pin sab nraud INT0 yog tias SREG I-chij thiab daim npog sib cuam tshuam daim npog tau teeb. Cov qib thiab cov npoo ntawm sab nraud INT0 tus pin uas ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam yog txhais nyob rau hauv Table 9-2. Tus nqi ntawm INT0 tus pin yog sampcoj ua ntej pom cov ntug. Yog tias xaiv qhov ntug lossis qhov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam, cov mem tes uas nyob ntev tshaj li ib teev sijhawm yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov roj luv luv tsis tau lees tias tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam. Yog tias qib qis cuam tshuam raug xaiv, qib qis yuav tsum tau ua kom txog thaum ua tiav ntawm cov lus qhia tam sim no los ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Table 9-2. Interrupt 0 Sense Control
ISC01 | ISC00 | Kev piav qhia |
0 | 0 | Qib theem ntawm INT0 ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev thov. |
0 | 1 | Txhua yam kev hloov pauv ntawm INT0 ua rau muaj kev thov cuam tshuam. |
1 | 0 | Kev poob ntawm INT0 ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev thov. |
1 | 1 | Lub siab nce ntawm INT0 ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev thov. |
GIMSK - Qhov Kev Tso Npe Nkag Nkag Hauv Ib Nrab Nkag Mus Nkag
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0x3B | – | TSI 0 | PCIe | – | – | – | – | – | GIMSK |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R/W | R/W | R | R | R | R | R | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cov Khoom 7, 4: 0 - Res: Cov Khoom Yuav Tsum
Cov khoom me me no tau khaws cia me me hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85 thiab yuav nyeem tas li xoom.
Ntsis 6 - INT0: Kev cuam tshuam sab nraud thov 0 Ua kom
Thaum INT0 ntsis tau teeb tsa (ib qho) thiab I-ntsis hauv Chaw Sau Npe (SREG) tau teeb tsa (ib qho), tus lej xov tooj sab nraud cuam tshuam. Lub Interrupt Sense Control0 cov khoom me 1/0 (ISC01 thiab ISC00) hauv MCU Tswj Kev Tso Npe (MCUCR) txhais seb puas muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud rau kev nce thiab / lossis poob ntawm INT0 tus pin lossis qib hnov. Kev ua ntawm tus pin yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev thov txawm tias INT0 tau teeb tsa ua ib qho kev tawm. Cov kev cuam tshuam sab nraud ntawm Kev Thov Cuam Tshuam Thov 0 yog tua los ntawm INT0 kev cuam tshuam Vector.
Ntsis 5 - PCIE: Tus Pauv Hloov Qhov Cuam Tshuam Pab
Thaum lub PCIE ntsis tau teeb tsa (ib qho) thiab I-ntsis hauv Chaw Sau Npe (SREG) tau teeb tsa (ib qho), tus lej PIN cuam tshuam tau qhib. Txhua qhov kev hloov ntawm txhua lub PCINT uas tau qhib [5: 0] tus pin yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Tus coj sib cuam tshuam ntawm Pin Hloov Sib Hloov Thov Thov tua los ntawm PCI cuam tshuam Vector. PCINT [5: 0] pins muaj kev pabcuam ib tus zuj zus los ntawm PCMSK0 Rau Npe.
GIFR - Cov Chaw Tso Npe Nkaus Tuaj Nkag Rau Npe
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x3a | – | INTF 0 | PCIF | – | – | – | – | – | GIFR |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R/W | R/W | R | R | R | R | R | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cov Khoom 7, 4: 0 - Res: Cov Khoom Yuav Tsum
Cov khoom me me no tau khaws cia me me hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85 thiab yuav nyeem tas li xoom.
Ntsis 6 - INTF0: Sab Nraud Los cuam tshuam chij 0
Thaum ib txoj kev ntug lossis kev hloov ntawm INT0 tus nawj ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev thov, INTF0 dhau los ua ib qho (ib qho). Yog tias I-ntsis hauv SREG thiab INT0 ntsis hauv GIMSK tau teeb tsa (ib qho), MCU yuav dhia mus rau qhov sib cuam tshuam Vector. Tus chij raug rhuav tshem thaum lub sijhawm cuam tshuam rau lub luag haujlwm. Hloov pauv, tus chij tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sau ib lub ntsiab lus rau nws. Tus chij no ib txwm qhia meej thaum INT0 teeb tsa ua ib qib kev cuam tshuam.
Ntsis 5 - PCIF: Tus Pauv Hloov cuam tshuam chij
Thaum lub cav hloov ntawm txhua PCINT [5: 0] tus nawj ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, thov PCIF dhau los ua ib qho (ib qho). Yog tias I-ntsis hauv SREG thiab PCIE ntsis hauv GIMSK tau teeb tsa (ib qho), MCU yuav dhia mus rau qhov sib cuam tshuam Vector. Tus chij raug tshem tawm thaum cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ib zaug. Hloov pauv, tus chij tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sau ib lub ntsiab lus rau nws.
PCMSK - Tus Pauv Hloov Qhov Ncauj Hloov npe
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 15 | – | – | PCINT 5 | PCINT 4 | PCINT 3 | PCINT 2 | PCINT 1 | PCINT 0 | PCMSK |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cov Khoom 7: 6 - Res: Cov Khoom Yuav Tsum
Cov khoom me me no tau khaws cia me me hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85 thiab yuav nyeem tas li xoom.
Bits 5: 0 - PCINT [5: 0]: Tus Pauv Hloov Tau Qhib Daim Npog 5: 0
Txhua PCINT [5: 0] ntsis xaiv seb tus lej hloov cuam tshuam yuav qhib rau ntawm tus xov tooj I / O tus coj. Yog tias PCINT [5: 0] tau teeb tsa thiab PCIE me ntsis hauv GIMSK tau teeb tsa, tus lej cuam tshuam hloov tau qhib ntawm tus xov tooj I / O tus coj. Yog tias PCINT [5: 0] raug tshem tawm, tus pin hloov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov sib txuam I / O tus pin raug xiam oob qhab.
I/O Ports
Taw qhia
Txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj AVR muaj qhov Nyeem-Hloov Kho-Sau tau zoo thaum siv los ua dav dav I/O cov chaw nres nkoj. Qhov no txhais tau tias kev taw qhia ntawm ib tus pin chaw nres nkoj tuaj yeem hloov pauv yam tsis tau xav txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm lwm tus pin nrog SBI thiab CBI cov lus qhia. Tib yam siv tau thaum hloov tus nqi tsav (yog teeb tsa raws li kev tso tawm) lossis ua kom/xiam oob qhab ntawm rub tawm tus tiv thaiv (yog teeb tsa raws li kev nkag). Txhua qhov tso tawm tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm sib luag nrog ob lub dab dej siab thiab lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm. Tus pin tsav muaj zog txaus los tsav LED qhia ncaj qha. Txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj pins muaj tus kheej xaiv xaiv rub-up resistors nrog cov khoom-voltage invariant tsis kam. Txhua tus I/O tus pins muaj kev tiv thaiv diodes rau ob qho tib si VCC thiab hauv av raws li qhia hauv Daim duab 10-1. Xa mus rau “Cov Cim Hluav Taws Xob” ntawm nplooj 161 rau ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho cov tsis.
Daim duab 10-1. I/O Pin Equivalent Schematic
Txhua daim ntawv sau npe thiab cov ntawv me me hauv ntu no tau sau ua daim ntawv dav dav. Tus lej qis "x" sawv cev rau tus lej tus lej rau chaw nres nkoj, thiab tus lej qis "n" sawv cev rau tus lej me ntsis. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv daim ntawv sau npe lossis cov ntsiab lus me me hauv ib txoj haujlwm, yuav tsum siv daim ntawv meej. Rau example, PORTB3 rau me ntsis. 3 hauv Chaw nres nkoj B, ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau zoo li PORTxn. I/O lub cev rau npe thiab chaw me ntsis tau teev tseg hauv “Rau npe piav qhia” rau paj 64.
Peb I / O cim chaw nyob chaw tau muab faib rau txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj, ib qho rau Daim Ntawv Sau Npe - PORTx, Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Npe - DDRx, thiab Chaw Nkag Chaw Nkag Nkag - PINx. Chaw nres nkoj lub tswv yim Pauv I / O qhov chaw tsuas yog nyeem nkaus xwb, thaum Lub Ntaub Ntawv Teev Npe thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntawv Tso Npe tau nyeem / sau. Txawm li cas los xij, sau ib lub laj thawj ib mus rau me ntsis hauv tus lej PINx Tus Neeg Sau Npe, yuav ua rau muaj toggle hauv cov xov xwm sau hauv cov ntawv sau npe. Ib qho ntxiv, Pull-up Disable - PUD me ntsis hauv MCUCR cuam tshuam txoj haujlwm rub rau txhua tus pins hauv txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj thaum teeb.
Siv I / O chaw nres nkoj raws li General Digital I / O tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv “Chaw nres nkoj li General Digital I / O” nyob rau ntawm phab 53Cov. Feem ntau qhov chaw nres nkoj pins yog multiplexed nrog lwm txoj haujlwm rau cov ntu ntu ntawm qhov khoom. Txhua tus piav qhia li cas ib qho kev ua haujlwm sib cuam tshuam nrog cov chaw nres nkoj tus pin tau piav qhia hauv “Lwm Txoj Haujlwm Nkoj Mus Nkoj” nyob ntawm phab 57Cov. Xa mus rau cov ntu ntu rau ib qho kev piav qhia tag nrho ntawm lwm txoj haujlwm.
Nco ntsoov tias kev siv lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm qee qhov chaw nres nkoj tsis cuam tshuam rau kev siv ntawm lwm tus pins hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj raws li digital I / O.
Ports raws li General Digital I / O
Cov chaw nres nkoj yog ob-kev taw qhia I / O ports nrog xaiv sab hauv-rub tawm. Daim duab 10-2 qhia pom cov haujlwm piav qhia ntawm ib tus I / O-port tus pin, ntawm no hu ua Pxn.
Daim duab 10-2. General Digital I/O(1)
Kho lub Pin
Txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj tus pin muaj peb tus ntawv sau npe: DDxn, PORTxn, thiab PINxn. Li hais hauv “Rau npe piav qhia” rau paj 64, DDxn cov khoom me me nkag mus rau ntawm DDRx I / O chaw nyob, PORTxn cov khoom ntawm PORTx I / O chaw nyob, thiab tus lej PINxn ntawm PINx I / O chaw nyob.
Qhov DDxn me ntsis hauv DDRx Sau npe xaiv cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus pin no. Yog hais tias DDxn yog sau ua ib qho kev xav, Pxn tau teeb tsa raws li qhov tso tawm tus pin. Yog hais tias DDxn yog sau ntawv ua xoom, Pxn raug teeb tsa ua ib tus pin nkag.
Yog tias PORTxn raug sau ib qho laj thawj ib thaum tus pin tau teeb tsa ua tus pin nkag, tus rub tawm rub tawm kom rov ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau hloov lub rub tawm rub tawm lub resistor, PORTxn yuav tsum tau sau lub cav qhov xoom lossis tus pin tau raug teeb tsa ua qhov tso tawm tus pin. Qhov chaw nres nkoj pins yog tri-teev thaum pib dua qhov mob yuav ua haujlwm, txawm tias tsis muaj moos khiav.
Yog tias PORTxn tau sau ib qho kev ua tsis tiav thaum tus pin tau teeb tsa raws li lub qhov zis tawm, qhov chaw nres nkoj tus pin tau tsav ntau (ib qho). Yog tias PORTxn yog sau tias muaj dab tsi xoom thaum tus pin tau teeb tsa los ua tus lej tawm, qhov chaw nres nkoj tus pin yog tsav tsawg (xoom).
Toggling tus Pin
Sau ntawv pov thawj ib qho rau PINxn toggles tus nqi ntawm PORTxn, ywj siab ntawm tus nqi ntawm DDRxn. Nco ntsoov tias kev qhia SBI tuaj yeem siv rau toggle ib qho me me hauv ib qho chaw nres nkoj.
Hloov Hloov Ntawm Kev Nkag Tawm thiab Tawm Nkag Mus
Thaum hloov ntawm tri-xeev ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b00) thiab tso zis siab ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b11), lub xeev intermediate nrog ob rub-up enabled {DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b01) los yog tso zis tsawg ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b10) yuav tsum tshwm sim. Feem ntau, lub rub-up enabled lub xeev yog tag nrho txais, raws li ib tug high-impedant ib puag ncig yuav tsis pom qhov txawv ntawm ib tug muaj zog tsav tsheb thiab rub-up. Yog tias qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem, PUD me ntsis hauv MCUCR Register tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa kom lov tes taw txhua qhov rub tawm hauv txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj.
Hloov ntawm cov tswv yim nrog rub-tawm thiab tso tawm qis tsim cov teeb meem tib yam. Tus neeg siv yuav tsum siv lub tri- state ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b00) lossis qhov tso zis siab hauv lub xeev ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b10) raws li theem nrab.
Table 10-1 piav qhia lub ntsiab tswj kom meej rau tus nqi pin.
Table 10-1. Chaw nres nkoj Pin Configurations
DDxn ua | PORTxn | PUD
(hauv MCUCR) |
I/O | Rub-up | Saib |
0 | 0 | X | Tswv yim | Tsis muaj | Tri-xeev (Hi-Z) |
0 | 1 | 0 | Tswv yim | Yog lawm | Pxn yuav tawm qhov tam sim no yog tias txuas. rub qis. |
0 | 1 | 1 | Tswv yim | Tsis muaj | Tri-xeev (Hi-Z) |
1 | 0 | X | Tso zis | Tsis muaj | Cov Tawm Tawm qis (dab dej) |
1 | 1 | X | Tso zis | Tsis muaj | Output High (Qhov Chaw) |
Nyeem Ntawv Tus Nqi Pin
Kev ywj pheej ntawm teeb tsa ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Taw Qhia me ntsis DDxn, qhov chaw nres nkoj tus pin tuaj yeem nyeem ntawm tus PINxn Sau npe me ntsis. Li hais hauv Daim duab 10-2, Tus PINxn Sau npe me ntsis thiab lub plhaw ua ntej tshwm sim los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob synchronizer. Qhov no yog qhov xav tau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov ua tsis tau zoo yog lub cev tus lej hloov pauv tus nqi ze rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub moos sab hauv, tab sis nws tseem qhia txog kev qeeb. Daim duab 10-3 qhia ib lub sij hawm daim duab ntawm lub synchronization thaum nyeem ib tug externally siv tus pin tus nqi. Qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab yam tsawg kawg ntawm kev nthuav tawm qeeb yog qhia txog tpd, max thiab tpd, min feem.
Xav txog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm moos pib sai tom qab thawj zaug poob ntawm lub kaw lus moos. Lub latch kaw thaum lub moos poob qis, thiab mus rau lub pob tshab thaum lub moos siab, raws li qhia hauv qhov chaw muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm "SYNC LATCH". Lub teeb liab ua ntej muag thaum lub kaw lus moos poob qis. Nws yog clocked rau hauv PINxn Sau npe ntawm qhov ua tiav tau zoo nyob ntawm ntug. Raws li qhia los ntawm ob lub xub pwg tpd, max thiab tpd, min, hloov pauv ib lub teeb liab ntawm tus pin yuav ncua ntawm ½ thiab 1½ system moos lub sijhawm nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev lees paub.
Thaum nyeem ntawv rov qab lub software tso rau tus nqi, qhov kev qhia nop yuav tsum muab tso raws li qhia hauv Daim duab 10-4Cov. Cov kev qhia tawm tau teeb tsa "SYNC LATCH" lub teeb liab ntawm lub ntug qhov zoo. Hauv qhov no, qhov qeeb qeeb tpd los ntawm synchronizer yog ib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm.
Cov cai hauv qab no example qhia yuav ua li cas teeb tsa chaw nres nkoj B pins 0 thiab 1 siab, 2 thiab 3 qis, thiab txhais cov chaw nres nkoj pins los ntawm 4 mus rau 5 raws li cov tswv yim nrog rub-up muab rau chaw nres nkoj tus pin 4. Cov txiaj ntsig tus pin tau nyeem rov qab dua, tab sis raws li tau hais yav dhau los, cov lus qhia nop suav nrog kom tuaj yeem nyeem rov qab tus nqi tsis ntev los no tau muab rau qee tus pins.
Los Ua Ke Txoj Cai Example(1) |
…
; Txhais kev rub-ups thiab teeb tsa cov zis siab ; Txhais cov lus qhia rau tus pins chaw nres nkoj ldi r16,(1<<PB4)|(1<<PB1)|(1<<PB0) ldi r17,(1<<DDB3)|(1<<DDB2)|(1<<DDB1)|(1<<DDB0) ua PORTB,r16 tawm DDRB,r17 ; Ntxig nop rau synchronization nop ; Nyeem qhov chaw nres nkoj pins r16, PIN … |
Lus Cim: Rau qhov kev pab cuam sib dhos, ob daim ntawv sau npe ib ntus yog siv los txo lub sij hawm los ntawm rub-ups yog teem rau pins 0, 1 thiab 4, kom txog rau thaum cov kev taw qhia cov khoom raug teem kom raug, txhais me ntsis 2 thiab 3 raws li qis thiab redefining me ntsis 0 thiab 1 raws li muaj zog tsav tsheb.
C Cod Example |
unsigned char i;
… /* Txhais rub-ups thiab teeb tsa cov zis siab */ /* Txhais cov lus qhia rau chaw nres nkoj pins */ PORTB = (1< DDRB = (1<<DDB3)|(1<<DDB2)|(1<<DDB1)|(1<<DDB0); /* Ntxig nop rau synchronization*/ _NOP (); /* Nyeem port pins */ i = PINB; … |
Digital Input Enable thiab pw tsaug zog cov qauv
Raws li qhia hauv Daim duab 10-2, cov teeb liab digital tuaj yeem ua clamped mus rau hauv av ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm schmitt-trigger. Lub teeb liab qhia tias pw tsaug zog hauv daim duab, yog teeb tsa los ntawm MCU Pw Controller hauv Power-down hom kom tsis txhob muaj lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntau yog tias qee qhov kev tawm tswv yim tawm sab laug, lossis muaj cov teeb liab analog theem ze rau VCC/2.
SLEEP yog qhov kev txwv rau qhov chaw nres nkoj pins qhib raws li kev cuam tshuam sab nraud pins. Yog tias qhov kev thov sab nraud tsis cuam tshuam, SLEEP yog nquag ua haujlwm rau cov pins no. SLEEP tseem muaj qhov tsis txaus los ntawm ntau lwm txoj haujlwm hloov raws li tau piav qhia hauv “Lwm Txoj Haujlwm Nkoj Mus Nkoj” nyob ntawm phab 57.
Yog hais tias lub logic theem siab ("ib") nyob rau ntawm asynchronous sab nraud cuam tshuam tus pin teeb tsa raws li "Interrupt on Rising Edge, Falling Edge, los yog Ib qho Kev Hloov Logic ntawm Pin" thaum lub sij hawm sab nraud cuam tshuam tsis tau qhib, qhov cuam tshuam sab nraud cuam tshuam tus chij yuav tau teeb tsa thaum rov pib dua los ntawm cov lus hais saum toj no Pw tsaug zog hom, raws li clampnyob rau hauv cov kev pw tsaug zog no ua rau qhov kev xav hloov pauv.
Tsis Txuas Txuas Pins
Yog tias qee cov pins tsis siv, nws raug nquahu kom ntseeg tau tias cov pins no tau muaj qib kev hais lus. Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov digital input tau raug xiam nyob rau hauv kev sib sib zog nqus kev pw tsaug zog raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, ntab nkag yuav tsum raug zam kom tsis txhob noj tam sim no nyob rau txhua hom kev siv nyob qhov twg cov digital input tau qhib (Rov pib dua, hom nquag thiab hom tsis siv).
Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los xyuas kom meej ib theem ntawm tus pin tsis siv, yog los pab txhawb kev rub tawm sab hauv. Hauv qhov no, lub rub-up yuav raug cuam tshuam thaum rov pib dua. Yog tias kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg thaum rov pib dua yog qhov tseem ceeb, nws raug nquahu kom siv lub rub tawm sab nraud lossis rub tawm. Kev sib txuas cov pins tsis siv ncaj qha rau VCC lossis GND tsis pom zoo, vim qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dhau yog tias tus pin raug teeb tsa tsis raug raws li qhov tso tawm.
Chaw nres nkoj lwm txoj haujlwm
Feem ntau cov pins chaw nres nkoj muaj lwm txoj haujlwm ntxiv rau qhov hais txog digital I / Os. Daim duab 10-5 qhia yuav ua li cas chaw nres nkoj tus pin tswj teeb liab los ntawm cov yooj yim Daim duab 10-2 yuav overridden los ntawm lwm txoj haujlwm. Cov cim qhia tsis dhau yuav tsis muaj nyob hauv txhua lub pins, tab sis daim duab ua haujlwm siv cov lus qhia siv dav siv rau txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv AVR microcontroller tsev neeg.
Table 10-2. Kev piav qhia dav dav ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm rau Lwm Txoj Haujlwm
Lub Npe Lub Npe | Lub Npe | Kev piav qhia |
POV | Rub-Rov Los Siv Qhib Kev | Yog hais tias cov paib no tau teeb tsa, kev rub lub zog muaj peev xwm tswj tau los ntawm lub teeb liab PUOV. Yog tias cov paib no raug tshem tawm, kev rub tawm tau muab kho thaum twg
{DDxn, PORTxn, PUD} = 0b010. |
PUOV | Pull-up Kev Zam Tus Nqi | Yog hais tias PUOE tau teeb tsa, qhov rub tawm tau raug qhib / xiam oob khab thaum PUOV tau teeb tsa / tshem tawm, tsis hais qhov teeb meem ntawm DDxn, PORTxn, thiab PUD Tso Npe. |
DDOE | Cov Lus Qhia Txog Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txhim Kho Kev Siv | Yog tias lub teeb liab no tau teeb tsa, Cov Khoom Tsav Tsheb Nkag Tawm yog tswj los ntawm DDOV cov teeb liab. Yog tias cov paib no tau raug tshem tawm, Cov Phaj Tshawb Tsav Cov Khoom Siv tau qhib los ntawm DDxn Sau npe me ntsis. |
DDOV | Cov Ntaub Ntawv Cov Lus Qhia Thim Tus Nqi | Yog tias DDOE tau teeb tsa, Cov Tawm Tsav Tsheb Tawm Ntxiv tau qhib / xiam thaum DDOV tau teeb tsa / tshem tawm, tsis hais txog qhov teeb tsa ntawm DDxn Register me ntsis. |
PVOE | Chaw nres nkoj tus nqi Override Pab kom | Yog tias cov paib no tau teeb tsa thiab Cov Tsav Tsheb Nkag Nkag los siv, qhov chaw nres nkoj tus nqi yog tswj los ntawm PVOV teeb liab. Yog tias PVOE tshem tawm, thiab Tus Tsav Tsheb Tso Tawm tau qhib, qhov chaw nres nkoj Tus nqi yog tswj hwm los ntawm PORTxn Sau npe me ntsis. |
PVOV | Chaw nres nkoj tus nqi Override Tus nqi | Yog tias PVOE tau teeb tsa, tus nqi hauv chaw nres nkoj tau teeb tsa rau PVOV, tsis hais txog qhov teeb tsa ntawm PORTxn Sau npe me ntsis. |
PTOE | Chaw nres nkoj Toggle Override Pab kom | Yog tias PTOE teeb tsa, PORTxn Qhov tso npe yog nce. |
TUAG | Digital Input Siv Ua Kev Sau Npe Nkag Mus Siv | Yog tias qhov teeb tsa me me no, Digital Input Enable yog tswj los ntawm cov teeb liab ntawm DIEOV. Yog tias lub cim no raug tshem tawm, Digital Input Enable tau txiav txim siab los ntawm MCU lub xeev (Hom li qub, hom pw tsaug zog). |
TUAG | Cov tswv yim digital Pab kom qhov txiaj ntsig tsis muaj nqi | Yog hais tias DIEOE tau teeb tsa, Digital Input tau qhib / xiam thaum DIEOV teeb / tshem tawm, tsis hais txog MCU lub xeev (li qub, hom pw tsaug zog). |
DI | Cov tswv yim digital | Nov yog Digital Input mus rau lwm txoj haujlwm. Hauv daim duab, lub teeb liab txuas nrog tsim tawm ntawm schmitt-txhais tab sis ua ntej cov synchronizer. Tshwj tsis yog hais tias Digital Input tau siv los ua qhov chaw moos, qhov hloov pauv nrog lwm txoj haujlwm yuav siv nws tus kheej synchronizer. |
AIO | Cov Lus Qhia Txog Tawm / Tso Tawm | Nov yog Cov Lus Qhia Rau Cov Lus Pom / Tso Tawm los rau / los ntawm lwm cov haujlwm. Lub teeb liab txuas nrog ncaj qha rau lub ncoo, thiab tuaj yeem siv tau-ua ob qho tib si. |
Cov ntu hauv qab no luv luv piav qhia txog lwm txoj haujlwm rau txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj, thiab cuam tshuam cov cim taw qhia rau lwm txoj haujlwm. Saib rau lwm txoj haujlwm piav qhia kom paub meej ntxiv.
Lwm Txoj Haujlwm Ntawm Chaw Nkag B
Lub Chaw nres nkoj B pins nrog lwm txoj haujlwm ua tau qhia hauv Table 10-3.
Table 10-3. Chaw nres nkoj B Pins Lwm Txoj Haujlwm
Chaw nres nkoj Pin | Lwm Txoj Haujlwm |
PB 5 | ![]() RESET: Rov Pib Tus pin dW: debugWIRE I / O ADC0: ADC Cov Lus Qhia Rau Ntawm Channel 0 PCINT5: Tus Pauv Hloov Pauv, Tau 5 |
PB 4 | XTAL2: Crystal Oscillator Output CLKO: System Clock Qhov Tsim Tawm ADC2: ADC Cov Tswv Yim Channel 2
OC1B: Timer / Counter1 Sib Piv Match B Tawm PCINT4: Tus Pauv Hloov Sib cuam tshuam 0, Tau Qhov Twg Los 4 |
PB 3 | XTAL1: Crystal Oscillator Input CLKI: Sab Nraud Clock Input ADC3: ADC Input Channel 3
OC1B: Txhim Kho Timer / Counter1 Sib Piv Match B Tawm PCINT3: Tus Pauv Hloov Hloov 0, Tau Txais 3 |
PB 2 | SCK: Cov Xub Sij Hawm Cov Lus Qhia ADC1: ADC Cov Lus Teb 1
T0: Timer / Counter0 Moos Qhov Chaw USCK: USI Moos (Peb Lub Hlau Hlau) SCL: USI Moos (Ob Lub Hlau Hlau) INT0: Sab Nraud Sab Nraud 0 Kev Tawm Tswv Yim PCINT2: Tus Pauv Hloov cuam tshuam 0, Qhov 2 |
PB 1 | MISO: SPI Master Cov Ntawv Qhia Tawm / Quab Qis Cov Lus Qhia Tawm Tawm AIN1: Kev Tshaj Tawm Ib Qho, Cov Lus Qhia Tsis Zoo OC0B: Timer / Counter0 Sib Piv Tawm B Tawm OC1A: Timer / Counter1 Sib Piv Cov Lus Qhia Tawm DO: USI Cov Ntawv Qhia Tawm (Peb Hom Hlau) PCINT1: Tus Pauv Hloov Hloov 0, Tau Qhov Twg Los 1 |
PB 0 | MOSI :: SPI Master Cov Ntawv Qhia Tawm / Quab Qis Cov Lus Qhia AIN0: Cov Lus Cog Tseg Sib Piv, Cov Lus Qhia Zoo
OC0A: Timer/Counter0 Sib piv Match A tso zis OC1A: Complementary Timer / Counter1 Sib Piv Match Qhov Tsim Tawm DI: USI Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tso Tawm (Peb Hom Hlau) SDA: USI Cov Ntaub Ntawv Siv Tau Nkag Los (Ob Hom Hlau) ROOJ: Sab nraud Analog Siv PCINT0: Tus Pauv Hloov Hloov 0, Qhov Chaw 0 |
Chaw nres nkoj B, Ntsis 5 - RESET / dW / ADC0 / PCINT5
RESET: Kev tawm tswv yim sab nraud rov pib dua yog ua haujlwm qis thiab qhib los ntawm kev siv tsis ua haujlwm (“1”) RSTDISBL Fuse. Kev rub tau qhib thiab cov tsav tsheb tawm thiab cov xov tooj digital tau muab txiav tawm thaum tus pin siv los ua tus RESET tus pin.
dW: Thaum debugWIRE Enable (DWEN) Fuse raug programmed thiab Xauv cov khoom siv tsis muaj dab tsi, qhov debugWIRE system nyob hauv lub hom phiaj ntaus ntawv tau ua haujlwm. Lub RESET chaw nres nkoj tus pin yog teeb tsa raws li cov hlau-THIAB (qhib-ntws) ob-kev taw qhia I / O tus pin nrog rub-up ua kom pom zoo thiab dhau los ua kev sib txuas lus ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab emulator.
ADC0: Analog rau Digital Converter, Channel 0.
PCINT5: Tus Pauv Hloov Pauv Hloov 5.
Chaw nres nkoj B, Ntsis 4 - XTAL2 / CLKO / ADC2 / OC1B / PCINT4
XTAL2: Kev Tshawb Fawb Rau Oscillator tus pin 2. Siv lub moos moos rau txhua lub khob sib tshooj ntawm cov chaw suav tshwj tsis yog sab hauv calibrateble RC Oscillator thiab lub moos sab nraud. Thaum siv lub moos khawm, tus pin tsis tuaj yeem siv ua I / O tus lej. Thaum siv cov calibratable RC Oscillator sab hauv lossis Sab nraud Sab nraud ua lub Ntse moos qhov chaw, PB4 ua haujlwm zoo li I / O tus lej.
CLKO: Lub moos tsim teev qub tuaj yeem tsim tawm ntawm tus pin PB4. Lub moos ua haujlwm tau muab faib tawm yuav tsim tawm yog tias CKOUT Fuse raug teeb tsa, tsis hais txog PORTB4 thiab DDB4 teeb tsa. Nws tseem yuav yog cov zis thaum lub sijhawm pib dua.
ADC2: Analog rau Digital Converter, Channel 2.
OC1B: Tshaj Tawm Sib piv cov txiaj ntsig sib txuam: PB4 tus pin tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tawm sab nraud rau lub Timer / Counter1 Piv Match B thaum teeb tsa ua ib qho kev tawm (DDB4 teeb tsa). Tus OC1B tus pin tseem yog cov zis tso zis rau PWM hom timer ua haujlwm.
PCINT4: Tus Pauv Hloov Pauv Hloov 4.
Chaw nres nkoj B, Ntsis 3 - XTAL1 / CLKI / ADC3 / OC1B / PCINT3
XTAL1: Kev Tshawb Fawb Rau Oscillator tus pin 1. Siv rau txhua lub moos sib piv cov chaw tshwj tsis yog sab hauv calibrateble RC oscillator. Thaum siv lub moos khawm, tus pin tsis tuaj yeem siv ua I / O tus lej.
CLKI: Moos Kauj tawm tswv yim los ntawm lwm lub moos sab nraud, saib “Sab Nrauv Sab Nraud” ntawm phab 26.
ADC3: Analog rau Digital Converter, Channel 3.
OC1B: Inverted Output Output Output Cov ntsiab lus sib txawv: PB3 tus pin tuaj yeem ua qhov tso tawm sab nraud rau Timer / Counter1 Sib Piv Match B thaum teeb tsa ua ib qho kev tawm (DDB3 teeb). Tus OC1B tus pin tseem yog qhov tso zis tso zis tus pin rau PWM hom timer ua haujlwm.
PCINT3: Tus Pauv Hloov Pauv Hloov 3.
Chaw nres nkoj B, Ntsis 2 - SCK / ADC1 / T0 / USCK / SCL / INT0 / PCINT2
SCK: Master Clock tso zis ntau, Quab Moos Moos nkag pin rau SPI channel. Thaum twg SPI tau qhib ua ib qho Quaj, tus pin no tau teeb tsa ua qhov kev nkag siab tsis hais qhov teeb tsa ntawm DDB2. Thaum twg SPI raug qhib los ua tus tswv, cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntawm tus pin no tau tswj los ntawm DDPB2. Thaum tus pin yuam los ntawm SPI los ua cov tswv yim, rub rub tawm tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm PORTB2 me ntsis.
ADC1: Analog rau Digital Converter, Channel 1.
T0: Timer / Counter0 qhov chaw txee.
USCK: Peb-hlau hom Universal Serial Interface Clock.
SCL: Ob-xaim hom Serial Clock rau USI Ob-xaim hom.
INT0: Cov cuam tshuam rau sab nraud 0.
PCINT2: Tus Pauv Hloov Pauv Hloov 2.
Chaw nres nkoj B, Ntsis 1 - MISO / AIN1 / OC0B / OC1A / DO / PCINT1
MISO: Tus Tswv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv Sib Sau, Qha Cov Ntaub Ntawv tso zis tus pin rau SPI channel. Thaum SPI tau qhib ua tus Tswv, tus pin no tau teeb tsa raws li kev tawm tswv yim tsis hais qhov teeb tsa ntawm DDB1. Thaum SPI raug qhib raws li Quab Qiv, cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog ntawm tus pin no yog tswj los ntawm DDB1. Thaum tus pin yuam los ntawm SPI los ua cov tswv yim, rub rub tawm tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm PORTB1 me ntsis.
AIN1: Kev Tshaj Tawm Cov Lus Cog Tseg Cov Lus Pom Tsis Zoo. Kho qhov chaw nres nkoj tus pin li cov tswv yim nrog sab hauv rub tawm sab nraud kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov chaw nres nkoj digital los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Analog Comparator.
OC0B: Cov txiaj ntsig kev sib piv Tsim cov tso tawm. Tus PB1 tus pin tuaj yeem ua qhov tso tawm sab nraud rau Lub Timer / Counter0 Sib Piv. B. Lub PB1 tus pin yuav tsum tau teeb tsa los ua qhov tawm (DDB1 teeb tsa (ib qho)) los ua txoj haujlwm no. Tus OC0B tus pin tseem yog cov zis tso zis rau PWM hom timer ua haujlwm.
OC1A: Cov txiaj ntsig sib piv rau cov qhov tso zis: PB1 tus pin tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tawm sab nraud rau lub Timer / Counter1 Sib Piv Match B thaum teeb tsa ua ib qho kev tawm (DDB1 teeb tsa). Tus OC1A tus pin tseem yog cov zis tso zis rau PWM hom timer ua haujlwm.
Ua: Peb-hlau hom Universal Serial Interface Cov ntaub ntawv tawm. Peb-xaim hom Cov ntaub ntawv tso zis tawm tus nqi PORTB1 tus nqi thiab nws tau tsav mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj thaum cov ntaub ntawv kev taw qhia me ntsis DDB1 tau teev tseg (ib qho). PORTB1 tseem tseem ua rau txoj kev rub tawm, yog tias qhov kev taw qhia cov tswv yim thiab PORTB1 tau teeb tsa (ib qho).
PCINT1: Tus Pauv Hloov Pauv Hloov 1.
Chaw nres nkoj B, Ntsis 0 - MOSI / AIN0 / OC0A / OC1A / DI / SDA / AREF / PCINT0
MOSI: SPI Master Cov Ntaub Ntawv tso tawm, Quab Quag Cov lus qhia rau SPI channel. Thaum twg SPI tau qhib ua ib qho Quaj, tus pin no tau teeb tsa ua qhov kev nkag siab tsis hais qhov teeb tsa ntawm DDB0. Thaum SPI qhib ua ib tus Tswv, tus txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus pin no raug tswj los ntawm DDB0. Thaum tus pin yuam los ntawm SPI los ua cov lus qhia, rub rub tawm tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm PORTB0 ntsis.
AIN0: Cov Lus Cog Tseg Sib Piv Cov Lus Pom Zoo. Kho qhov chaw nres nkoj tus pin li cov tswv yim nrog sab hauv rub tawm sab nraud kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov chaw nres nkoj digital los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Analog Comparator.
OC0A: Cov txiaj ntsig kev sib piv Tsim cov tso zis. Tus PB0 tus pin tuaj yeem ua qhov tso tawm sab nraud rau Timer / Counter0 Sib Tw Piv A thaum teeb tsa ua qhov tawm (DDB0 teeb (ib qho)). Tus OC0A tus pin tseem yog cov zis tso zis rau PWM hom timer ua haujlwm.
OC1A: Inverted Output Output Output Cov ntsiab lus sib txuam: PB0 tus pin tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tawm sab nraud rau lub Timer / Counter1 Piv Match B thaum teeb tsa ua ib qho kev tso tawm (DDB0 teeb). OC1A tus pin tseem yog qhov tso zis tso zis tus pin rau PWM hom timer ua haujlwm.
SDA: Ob-xaim hom Cov Ntaub Ntawv Sib Cuam.
AREF: Kev Txheeb Xyuas Sab Nraud Sab Nraud rau ADC Cov tsav tsheb rub tawm thiab tso tawm yog tus neeg xiam oob qhab ntawm PB0 thaum tus pin siv los ua tus siv sab nraud lossis Sab Hauv Voltage Siv nrog lwm tus capacitor ntawm AREF tus pin.
DI: Cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim hauv USI Peb-xaim hom. USI Peb-hlau hom tsis dhau lub luag haujlwm ntawm chaw nres nkoj zoo, yog li tus pin yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ua qhov kev nkag siab rau DI txoj haujlwm.
PCINT0: Tus Pauv Hloov Pauv Hloov 0.
Table 10-4 thiab Table 10-5 txheeb cov kev hloov pauv ntawm Chaw Nkag B mus rau cov cim kev sib pauv uas pom hauv Daim duab 10-5 rau paj 58.
Table 10-4. Overriding Signals rau Alternate Functions hauv PB[5:3]
Lub Npe Lub Npe | PB5 / RESET / ADC0 / PCINT5 | PB4/ADC2/XTAL2/ OC1B/PCINT4 | PB3/ADC3/XTAL1/ OC1B/PCINT3 |
POV | ![]() |
0 | 0 |
PUOV | 1 | 0 | 0 |
DDOE | RSTDISBL(1) • DWEN(1) | 0 | 0 |
DDOV | debugWire Hloov | 0 | 0 |
PVOE | 0 | OC1B Siv | ![]() OC1B Siv |
PVOV | 0 | OC 1B | OC 1B |
PTOE | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TUAG | ![]() RSTDISBL(1) + (PCINT5 • PCIE + ADC0D) |
PCINT4 • PCIE + ADC2D | PCINT3 • PCIE + ADC3D |
TUAG | ADC0D | ADC2D | ADC3D |
DI | PCINT5 cov tswv yim | PCINT4 cov tswv yim | PCINT3 cov tswv yim |
AIO | RESET cov tswv yim, ADC0 cov tswv yim | Cov tswv yim ADC2 | Cov tswv yim ADC3 |
Nco tseg: thaum Fuse yog "0" (Programmed).
Table 10-5. Overriding Signals rau Alternate Functions hauv PB[2:0]
Lub Npe Lub Npe | PB2/SCK/ADC1/T0/ USCK/SCL/INT0/PCINT2 | PB1/MISO/DO/AIN1/ OC1A/OC0B/PCINT1 | PB0/MOSI/DI/SDA/AIN0/AR EF/OC1A/OC0A/
PCINT 0 |
POV | USI_TWO_WIRE | 0 | USI_TWO_WIRE |
PUOV | 0 | 0 | 0 |
DDOE | USI_TWO_WIRE | 0 | USI_TWO_WIRE |
DDOV | (USI_SCL_HOLD + PORTB2) • DDB2 | 0 | ![]() ![]() (SDA + PORTB0) • DDB0 |
PVOE | USI_TWO_WIRE • DDB2 | OC0B Siv Cia + OC1A Siv + USI_THREE_WIRE | ![]() OC0A Siv + OC1A Siv + (USI_TWO_WIRE) DDB0) |
PVOV | 0 | OC0B + OC1A + UA | ![]() OC0A + OC1A |
PTOE | USITC | 0 | 0 |
TUAG | PCINT2 • PCIE + ADC1D + USISIE | PCINT1 • PCIE + AIN1D | PCINT0 • PCIE + AIN0D + USISIE |
TUAG | ADC1D | UA 1D | UA 0D |
DI | T0 / USCK / SCL / INT0 /
PCINT2 cov tswv yim |
PCINT1 cov tswv yim | Cov khoom lag luam DI / SDA / PCINT0 |
AIO | Cov tswv yim ADC1 | Analog Comparator Cov Lus Qhia Tsis Zoo | Analog Comparator Zoo Cov Lus Qhia |
Sau npe Cov lus piav qhia
MCUCR - MCU Tswj Tso Npe
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 35 | BODS | PUD | SE | SM 1 | SM 0 | CEV | ISC01 | ISC00 | MCUCR |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ntsis 6 - PUD: Rub Rub Los Kaw
Thaum cov ntawv no me ntsis sau rau ib qho, qhov rub-tawm hauv cov chaw nres nkoj I / O yog xiam oob khab txawm tias DDxn thiab PORTxn Cov Chaw Teev tau raug teeb tsa los ua kom qhov kev rub tawm ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b01). Saib “Kho tus Pin” ntawm nplooj 54 kom paub meej ntxiv txog ntawm cov yam ntxwv no.
PORTB - Port B Cov Ntaub Ntawv Sau Npe
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 18 | – | – | PORTB 5 | PORTB 4 | PORTB 3 | PORTB 2 | PORTB 1 | PORTB 0 | PORTB |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
DDRB - Chaw nres nkoj B Cov Lus Qhia Kev Tso Npe
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 17 | – | – | DDB 5 | DDB 4 | DDB 3 | DDB 2 | DDB 1 | DDB 0 | DDRB |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PINB - Chaw nres nkoj B Tswv Yim Pins Chaw Nyob
Me ntsis | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
0 x 16 | – | – | PIB 5 | PIB 4 | PIB 3 | PIB 2 | PIB 1 | PIB 0 | PINB |
Nyeem/Sau | R | R | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | R/W | |
Tus nqi pib | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
8-ntsis Timer / Counter0 nrog PWM
Nta
Ob Txoj Kev Ywj Pheej Yooj Yim Sib Piv Chav Nyob
Ob Chav Ncauj Ob Zaug Tso Rau Zis Ntxiv Sib Sau Npe
Ntshiab Timer ntawm Sib Piv Sib Piv (Auto Reload)
Glitch Free, Theem Kho Tawm Mem Tes Dav Dav Modulator (PWM)
PWM Lub Sij Hawm
Ib Sij Hawm Generator
Peb Qhov Kev Pabcuam ywj pheej (TOV0, OCF0A, thiab OCF0B)
Tshajview
Timer / Counter0 yog lub hom phiaj 8-ntsis Timer / Counter module, nrog ob qho Kev Tshaj Tawm Qib Qho Kev Tshaj Tawm, thiab nrog PWM txhawb. Nws tso cai rau qhov kev zov me nyuam raug ua tiav lub sijhawm (kev tswj hwm qhov xwm txheej) thiab tiam kab yoj.
Daim qauv qhia yooj yim ntawm daim duab 8-ntsis Timer / Txee yog muaj nyob hauv Daim duab 11-1Cov. Rau qhov kev tso kawm tiag tiag ntawm I / O pins, xa mus rau “Pinout ATtiny25 / 45/85” ntawm nplooj 2Cov. CPU siv tau I / O Registers, suav nrog I / O cov khoom thiab I / O pins, tau qhia ua lub siab tawv. Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb I / O Sau npe thiab me ntsis cov chaw tau teev nyob hauv “Rau npe piav qhia” nyob rau ntawm phab 77.
Lub Timer/Counter (TCNT0) thiab Tso Tawm Sib Piv Cov Npe (OCR0A thiab OCR0B) yog 8-ntsis sau npe. Kev cuam tshuam kev thov (ua luv rau Int.Req. hauv daim duab) cov cim qhia tau pom tag nrho hauv Timer Interrupt Flag Register (TIFR). Txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam yog ib tus kheej npog nrog Timer Interrupt Mask Register (TIMSK). TIFR thiab TIMSK tsis qhia hauv daim duab.
Lub Timer / Counter tuaj yeem teev nyob rau hauv, ntawm lub prescaler, lossis los ntawm lub moos sab nraud ntawm T0 tus pin. Lub moos Xaiv logic thaiv tswj lub moos twg thiab ntug Timer / Counter siv los nce (lossis txo qis) nws tus nqi. Lub Timer/Counter tsis ua haujlwm thaum tsis xaiv lub moos. Cov zis los ntawm Clock Select logic raug xa mus rau lub sij hawm teev (clkT0).
Qhov muab tso rau ob qho tawm ntawm Kev Tso Tawm Sib Piv Cov Npe (OCR0A thiab OCR0B) yog muab piv nrog Timer / Txuag tus nqi txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov sib piv tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm Waveform Cov Hluav Taws Xob los tsim kom muaj PWM lossis cov hloov pauv qhov tso tawm ntawm cov Output Sib piv pins (OC0A thiab OC0B). Saib “Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv Tsim Tawm” nyob phab 69. kom paub meej. Qhov sib piv cov kev ua si tseem yuav teeb tsa qhov sib piv Sib Tsoo (OCF0A lossis OCF0B) uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim Tsim Kom Tau Qhov Tawm Cov Lus Sib Ntxiv.
Lus txhais
Ntau cov ntawv sau npe thiab cov ntawv pov thawj me ntsis hauv ntu no tau sau ua cov ntawv dav dav. Cov tsiaj ntawv tsawg dua “n” hloov tus lej Timer / Counter tus lej, nyob rau kis no 0. Tus lej tsawg “x” hloov Lub Output Sib Piv, nyob rau kis no piv rau chav A lossis Sib piv rau Chav B. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv cov ntawv sau npe lossis ntsis taw qhia nyob rau hauv ib qho txheej txheem, daim foos yuav tsum siv, piv txwv li, TCNT0 rau kev nkag mus saib Timer / Counter0 tus nqi thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntsiab lus txhais hauv Table 11-1 kuj yog siv dav thoob plaws hauv daim ntawv.
Table 11-1. Lus txhais
Tsis tu ncua | Kev piav qhia |
POB | Lub txee nce mus txog BOTTOM thaum nws ua 0x00 |
MAX | Lub txee nce mus txog nws MAX kawg thaum nws ua 0xFF (zauv 255) |
TOP | Lub txee nce mus txog saum toj kawg nkaus thaum nws dhau los ua tus nqi zoo tshaj hauv tus lej ua ntu zus. Tus nqi TOP tuaj yeem raug tso rau kom muaj tus nqi ruaj khov 0xFF (MAX) lossis tus nqi teev nyob rau hauv OCR0A Tso Npe. Txoj haujlwm yog nyob ntawm hom kev ua haujlwm |
Timer / Txheeb Xyuas Prescaler thiab Moos Qhov Chaw
Lub Timer / Txim Cia tuaj yeem tiv thaiv moos los ntawm sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm lub moos. Lub moos qhov chaw tau raug xaiv los ntawm Moos Qhov Kev xaiv cov pov thawj uas tswj hwm los ntawm Teev Xaiv (c) cov khoom nyob hauv Timer / Counter0 Tswj Kev Tso Npe (TCCR0B).
Sab Hauv Hauv Paus Chaw Nrog Prescaler
Timer/Counter0 tuaj yeem ntsuas ncaj qha los ntawm lub kaw lus moos (los ntawm kev teeb tsa CS0 [2: 0] = 1). Qhov no muab kev ua haujlwm ceev tshaj plaws, nrog lub sijhawm ntev tshaj plaws / lub sijhawm ntsuas lub sijhawm sib npaug ntawm lub kaw lus moos zaus (fCLK_I / O). Xwb, ib qho ntawm plaub tus kais dej los ntawm prescaler tuaj yeem siv los ua lub moos. Lub moos prescaled muaj zaus ntawm ob qho tib si
Ntaus Ntawv Rov Pib Ntxiv
Tus prescaler tau ua haujlwm dawb, piv txwv li nws ua haujlwm ywj pheej ntawm Lub Sijhawm Xaiv cov laj thawj ntawm Timer/Counter0. Txij li cov prescaler tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm timer/counter lub moos xaiv, lub xeev ntawm prescaler yuav muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau cov xwm txheej uas siv lub moos prescaled siv. Ib example ntawm cov khoom cuav yog thaum timer/txee tau qhib thiab teev los ntawm prescaler (6> CS0 [2: 0]> 1). Tus naj npawb ntawm cov txheej txheem moos mus los ntawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tau qhib rau thawj suav tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 1 txog N+1 lub kaw lus moos mus, qhov twg N sib npaug qhov faib ua ntej (8, 64, 256, lossis 1024).
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los siv Prescaler Pib dua rau synchronizing Timer / Txim rau qhov kev zov me nyuam.
Sab Nraud Hauv Qhov Chaw Sau
Lub moos sab nraud siv tau rau T0 tus pin tuaj yeem siv tau raws li lub sijhawm teev sijhawm / lub sijhawm teev (clkT0). T0 pin sampcoj ib zaug txhua lub kaw lus moos los ntawm tus lej synchronization logic. Cov synchronized (sampcoj) lub teeb liab dhau los
los ntawm cov ntug ntes. Daim duab 11-2 qhia txog qhov sib npaug sib npaug ntawm daim duab duab ntawm T0 synchronization thiab ntug ntes cov logic. Cov ntawv sau npe tau teev nyob rau ntawm ntug zoo ntawm lub moos sab hauv (clkI/O). Lub latch yog pob tshab nyob rau hauv lub siab lub sij hawm ntawm lub internal system moos.
Lub ntug ntes tsim ib qho clkT0 mem tes rau txhua qhov zoo (CS0[2:0] = 7) lossis tsis zoo (CS0[2:0] = 6) ntug nws pom.
OCR0x Cov Kev Sau Npe muaj ob npaug kev tiv thaiv thaum siv qee yam ntawm Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) qauv. Rau qhov qub thiab Pooj Sij Hawm ntawm Sib Piv (CTC) kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ua ob lub sijhawm ua tsis tiav Qhov muab ob npaug kev sib txuas ua ke hloov kho ntawm OCR0x Sib Piv Cov Npe mus rau sab saum toj lossis hauv qab ntawm qhov suav ua ntu zus. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis sib xws-ntev, tsis haum-PWM pulses, yog li ua rau cov zis tsis pub dawb.
OCR0x Tso npe nkag mus tau zoo li nyuaj, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj tseeb. Thaum ob chav kev tiv thaiv tsis tau qhib, lub CPU tau nkag mus rau OCR0x Buffer Register, thiab yog tias ob chav kev tiv thaiv tsis ua haujlwm lub CPU yuav nkag OCR0x ncaj qha.
Yuam Kev Nkag Tawm Cov Lus Sib Piv
Hauv cov tsis-PWM waveform tiam hom, cov khoom sib piv ntawm cov khoom sib piv yuav raug yuam los ntawm kev sau ib qho mus rau Lub Hom Phiaj Tso Tawm Tawm (FOC0x) me ntsis. Yuam Kev Sib Piv Yuav tsis teeb tsa OCF0x Chij lossis rov qab / tshem lub sijhawm, tab sis OC0x tus lej yuav raug kho dua tshiab yog tias qhov sib piv ntawm qhov sib piv tau tshwm sim tiag tiag (COM0x [1: 0] cov khoom siv txhais tau txiav txim siab seb OC0x tus PIN raug teeb tsa, tshem lossis toggled).
Sib Piv Txheeb Xyuas Thaiv los ntawm TCNT0 Sau
Txhua lub CPU sau cov haujlwm rau TCNT0 Sau Npe yuav thaiv cov Kev Sib Tw Sib Piv uas tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm tom ntej ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm, txawm tias lub sijhawm nres nres. Cov yeeb yam no tso cai OCR0x los pib ua kom raug tus nqi ib yam li TCNT0 yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm Timer / Counter moos qhib.
Siv Cov Nqe Lus Sib Piv
Txij li thaum sau TCNT0 hauv txhua hom kev ua haujlwm yuav thaiv txhua qhov Sib Piv rau ib lub sijhawm sib nrug ntawm lub sijhawm, nws muaj kev pheej hmoo thaum hloov TCNT0 thaum siv Lub Tuam Txhab Tso Tawm Output, ntawm nws tus kheej seb Timer / Txee ua haujlwm puas lossis tsis muaj. Yog tias tus nqi sau rau TCNT0 sib npaug nrog OCR0x tus nqi, qhov sib piv cov kev sib tw yuav ploj, uas ua rau muaj qhov tsis muaj nthwv tiam. Ib yam li ntawd, tsis txhob sau TCNT0 tus nqi sib npaug rau BOTTOM thaum lub txee qis-rau-suav.
Lub teeb ntawm OC0x yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej kev teeb tsa Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Kev Tso Npe rau lub chaw nres nkoj tus pin kom tsim tawm. Qhov yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa OC0x tus nqi yog siv Lub Zog Tawm Tawm Sib Piv (FOC0x) strobe khoom nyob rau hauv Hom ib txwm muaj. Cov OC0x Cov Sau Npe yuav khaws lawv cov nqi txawm tias thaum hloov ntawm Waveform Tiam Cov Qauv.
Nco ntsoov tias cov kab COM0x [1: 0] tsis yog ob qho kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog tus nqi sib piv. Hloov COM0x [1: 0] me me yuav pib siv tam sim ntawd.
Sib Piv Cov Lus Qhia Nyob Rau Chav Tsev
Qhov muab piv rau hom ntawv tso zis (COM0x [1: 0]) muaj ob qhov haujlwm. Cov Hluav Taws Xob Waveform siv cov COM0x [1: 0] khoom rau qhov txhais qhov Qhia Tawm Tshaj Tawm Ntxiv (OC0x) ntawm cov lus sib piv tom ntej. Tsis tas li, COM0x [1: 0] cov khoom sib xyaw OC0x tus pin tawm qhov. Daim duab 11-6 qhia pom cov qauv sib txig sib luag ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam los ntawm COM0x [1: 0] teeb tsa me ntsis. Cov I / O Cov Ntawv Teev Npe, I / O cov khoom me, thiab I / O pins hauv daim duab yog qhia ua sau ua tus tawv. Tsuas yog cov seem ntawm cov kab I / O Chaw nres nkoj tswj dav dav (DDR thiab PORT) uas cuam tshuam los ntawm COM0x [1: 0] cov khoom me me tau pom. Thaum xa mus rau OC0x xeev, qhov siv yog rau OC0x Sau npe sab hauv, tsis yog OC0x tus pin. Yog tias kev rov pib dua lub zog, OC0x Sau npe yuav pib dua rau "0".
Thaum OC0A / OC0B txuas nrog I / O tus pin, qhov haujlwm ntawm COM0A [1: 0] / COM0B [1: 0] cov khoom me nyob ntawm WGM0 [2: 0] ntsis teeb tsa. Table 11-2 qhia tau hais tias COM0x [1: 0] me ntsis ua haujlwm thaum WGM0 [2: 0] cov khoom me tau muab tso rau qhov ib txwm lossis CTC hom (tsis yog-PWM).
Table 11-2. Sib piv Output Mode, non-PWM Mode
COM0A1 TSI COM0B1 | COM0A0 TSI COM0B0 | Kev piav qhia |
0 | 0 | Cov chaw nres nkoj ib txwm ua haujlwm, OC0A / OC0B raug txiav tawm. |
0 | 1 | Toggle OC0A / OC0B ntawm Kev Sib Tw Piv |
1 | 0 | Ntshiab OC0A / OC0B ntawm Kev Sib Tw Piv |
1 | 1 | Teeb tsa OC0A / OC0B ntawm Kev Sib Tw Cov Sib Piv |
Table 11-3 qhia tau hais tias COM0x [1: 0] me ntsis ua haujlwm thaum WGM0 [2: 0] cov khoom me me tau tsim kom ceev ceev PWM hom.
Table 11-3. Sib piv cov zis hom, Fast PWM hom(1)
COM0A1 TSI COM0B1 | COM0A0 TSI COM0B0 | Kev piav qhia |
0 | 0 | Cov chaw nres nkoj ib txwm ua haujlwm, OC0A / OC0B raug txiav tawm. |
0 | 1 | Khaws tseg |
1 | 0 | Ntshiab OC0A / OC0B ntawm Kev Sib Tw Piv, teeb tsa OC0A / OC0B ntawm BOTTOM (hom tsis-hom) |
1 | 1 | Teeb OC0A / OC0B ntawm Kev Sib Tw Sib Piv, ntshiab OC0A / OC0B ntawm BOTTOM (hom kev rov ua haujlwm) |
Nco tseg: Ib rooj plaub tshwj xeeb tshwm sim thaum OCR0A lossis OCR0B sib npaug TOP thiab COM0A1 / COM0B1 raug teeb tsa. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev sib tw sib tw tsis quav ntsej, tab sis qhov teeb tsa lossis qhov tseeb yog ua tiav ntawm BOTTOM. Saib “PWM Hom Ceev Ceev” ntawm nplooj ntawv 73 kom paub meej ntxiv.
Table 11-4 qhia tau hais tias COM0x [1: 0] ua haujlwm me ntsis thaum WGM0 [2: 0] cov khoom me me tau teeb tsa mus rau theem kom raug PWM hom.
Table 11-4. Sib piv cov zis hom, Phase Correct PWM hom(1)
COM0A1 TSI COM0B1 | COM0A0 TSI COM0B0 | Kev piav qhia |
0 | 0 | Cov chaw nres nkoj ib txwm ua haujlwm, OC0A / OC0B raug txiav tawm. |
0 | 1 | Khaws tseg |
1 | 0 | Ntshiab OC0A / OC0B ntawm Kev Sib Tw Sib Piv thaum nce-suav. Teeb tsa OC0A / OC0B ntawm Kev Sib Tw Sib Piv thaum nqis-suav. |
1 | 1 | Teeb tsa OC0A / OC0B ntawm Kev Sib Tw Sib Piv thaum nce-suav. Ntshiab OC0A / OC0B ntawm Kev Sib Tw Piv thaum poob-suav. |
Nco tseg: 1. Ib rooj plaub tshwj xeeb tshwm sim thaum OCR0A lossis OCR0B sib npaug TOP thiab COM0A1/COM0B1 raug teeb tsa. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub Com-pare Match yog tsis quav ntsej, tab sis lub teeb los yog meej yog ua tiav ntawm TOP. Saib “Theem Kho Dua PWM Hom” nyob phab 74 kom paub meej ntxiv.
Cov Khoom 3: 2 - Res: Cov Khoom Yuav Tsum
Cov khoom me me no tau khaws cia me me hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85 thiab yuav nyeem tas li xoom.
Bits 1: 0 - WGM0 [1: 0]: Waveform Tiam Cov Qauv
Ua ke nrog WGM02 me ntsis pom nyob rau hauv TCCR0B Sau npe, cov kab ntawv no tswj hwm cov theem pib ntawm lub txee, qhov chaw rau tus nqi siab tshaj plaws (TOP) tus nqi, thiab hom twg yoj yoj tsim los siv, saib. Table 11-5Cov. Cov qauv kev ua haujlwm txhawb los ntawm Timer / Counter chav tsev yog: Hom qub (txee), Ntshiab Timer ntawm hom Sib Piv (CTC), thiab ob hom qauv Pulse Dav Kev Ua Haujlwm (PWM) (saib “Cov Qauv Kev Ua Haujlwm” hauv paj 71).
Table 11-5. Waveform Generation hom me ntsis piav qhia
Hom | FWM 02 | FWM 01 | FWM 00 | Timer / Counter Hom Haujlwm Txoj Haujlwm | TOP | Hloov kho ntawm OCRx ntawm | TOV Chij Teeb ntawm |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ib txwm | 0 xf | Tam sim ntawd | MAX(1) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | PWM, Phase Kho Dua | 0 xf | TOP | POB(2) |
2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | CTC | OCRA | Tam sim ntawd | MAX(1) |
3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Fast PWM | 0 xf | POB(2) | MAX(1) |
4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Khaws tseg | – | – | – |
5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | PWM, Phase Kho Dua | OCRA | TOP | POB(2) |
6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Khaws tseg | – | – | – |
7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Fast PWM | OCRA | POB(2) | TOP |
Ntsis 7 - FOC0A: Qho Tawm Cov Lus Sib Piv A
FOC0A me ntsis tsuas yog ua haujlwm thaum WGM khoom qhia kom meej hom tsis-PWM.
Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom siv yav tom ntej, qhov no yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom xoom thaum TCCR0B sau thaum ua haujlwm hauv PWM hom. Thaum sau cov zajlus kom ib qho mus rau FOC0A ntsis, tam sim ntawd Kev Sib Piv Piv yog yuam ntawm Waveform Tiam Chav Tsev. OC0A tso zis hloov pauv raws li nws qhov chaw nyob COM0A [1: 0] kev teeb tsa. Nco ntsoov tias FOC0A me ntsis yog ua raws li tus cwj nrag. Yog li ntawd nws yog tus nqi tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub koom haum COM0A [1: 0] uas txiav txim siab qhov ua haujlwm ntawm qhov yuam kev sib piv.
Ib FOC0A strobe yuav tsis tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab nws yuav tsis tshem lub timer hauv CTC hom siv OCR0A ua TOP. FOC0A ntsis yog ib txwm nyeem ua xoom.
Ntsis 6 - FOC0B: Yuam Kev Tsim Tawm Sib Piv B
FOC0B me ntsis tsuas yog ua haujlwm thaum WGM khoom qhia kom meej hom tsis-PWM.
Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom siv yav tom ntej, qhov no yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom xoom thaum TCCR0B sau thaum ua haujlwm hauv PWM hom. Thaum sau cov zajlus kom ib qho mus rau FOC0B ntsis, ib qho Kev Piv Piv tam sim yog raug yuam ntawm Waveform Tiam Chav Tsev. OC0B qhov tso tawm tau hloov pauv raws li nws cov khoom siv COM0B [1: 0] kev teeb tsa. Nco ntsoov tias FOC0B ntsis yog siv raws li tus cwj nrag. Yog li ntawd nws yog tus nqi tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej COM0B [1: 0] uas txiav txim siab cov nyhuv ntawm qhov yuam kev sib piv.
Ib FOC0B strobe yuav tsis tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab nws yuav tsis tshem lub timer hauv CTC hom siv OCR0B li TOP.
FOC0B ntsis yog ib txwm nyeem ua xoom.
Cov Khoom 5: 4 - Res: Cov Khoom Yuav Tsum
Cov khoom me me no tau khaws cia me me hauv ATtiny25 / 45/85 thiab yuav nyeem tas li xoom.
Ntsis 3 - WGM02: Waveform Cov Qauv Tsim
Saib cov lus piav qhia nyob rau hauv “TCCR0A - Timer / Txheeb Xyuas Tswj Tswj Lub Npe Teev Npe A” ntawm nplooj ntawv 77.
Cov Khoom 2: 0 - CS0 [2: 0]: Teev Xaiv
Peb Lub Sijhawm Xaiv Xaiv cov sijhawm xaiv cov moos uas siv los ntawm Timer / Txee.
Table 11-6. Clock Xaiv Me ntsis piav qhia
TIAB SA 02 | TIAB SA 01 | TIAB SA 00 | Kev piav qhia |
0 | 0 | 0 | Tsis muaj qhov chaw moos (Timer / Txee nres) |
0 | 0 | 1 | clKI / O / (Tsis muaj qhov ntsuas) |
0 | 1 | 0 | clkI/O/8 (los ntawm prescaler) |
0 | 1 | 1 | clkI/O/64 (los ntawm prescaler) |
1 | 0 | 0 | clkI/O/256 (los ntawm prescaler) |
1 | 0 | 1 | clkI/O/1024 (los ntawm prescaler) |
1 | 1 | 0 | Lub moos sab nraud ntawm T0 tus pin. Moos ntawm poob ntug. |
1 | 1 | 1 | Lub moos sab nraud ntawm T0 tus pin. Moos rau ntawm ntug nce. |
Yog tias tus lej sab nraud tus qauv siv rau Timer / Counter0, kev hloov pauv ntawm T0 tus pin yuav clock lub txee txawm tias tus pin tau teeb tsa raws li ib qho kev tawm. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no tso cai software tswj ntawm cov suav suav.
Txee thiab Piv Chav Nyob
Lub sijhawm Timer / Counter1 kev ua haujlwm dav dav tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv hom asynchronous thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv hom synchro- nous tau hais tsuas yog muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ob hom no. Daim duab 12-2 qhia pom Timer / Txee 1 synchronization sau npe thaiv daim duab thiab synchronization qeeb ntawm cov ntawv sau npe. Nco ntsoov tias txhua cov moos ua haujlwm tsis muaj qhia hauv daim duab. Timer / Counter1 cov ntawv sau npe mus rau sab hauv lub npe synchronization sau npe, uas ua rau lub tswv yim synchronization qeeb, ua ntej cuam tshuam rau lub lag luam txee. Cov ntawv sau npe TCCR1, GTCCR, OCR1A, OCR1B, thiab OCR1C tuaj yeem nyeem rov qab sai tom qab sau daim ntawv sau npe. Cov kev nyeem rov qab qhov tseem ceeb yog ncua rau lub Timer / Counter1 (TCNT1) sau npe thiab chij (OCF1A, OCF1B, thiab TOV1), vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus tawm thiab tawm suab sib txuas lus.
Lub Timer / Counter1 nta qhov kev daws teeb meem siab thiab kev siv qhov raug siab nrog rau cov teeb meem tsawg dua prescaling. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ob qho tseeb, kev nrawm nrawm, 8-ntsis Pulse Dav Dav Modulators siv cov moos nrawm mus txog 64 MHz (lossis 32 MHz nyob rau hauv Cov Qauv Qho Tawm Ceev). Hauv hom no, Timer / Counter1 thiab cov zis sib piv cov ntawv sau npe ua ib qho kev sawv ob leeg - ib leeg PWMs uas tsis yog sib tshooj thiab tsis sib hloov. Saib mus paj 86 rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia txog ntawm txoj haujlwm no. Ib yam li ntawd, lub caij muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb ua rau chav siv tau rau kev nrawm nrawm dua lossis lub sijhawm raug siv nrog cov kev ua tsis tau zoo.
Daim duab 12-2. Timer/Counter 1 Synchronization Register Block Diagram.
Timer / Counter1 thiab prescaler tso cai khiav lub CPU los ntawm txhua lub moos qhov chaw thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm prescaler ua haujlwm ntawm lub vas nthiv 64 MHz (lossis 32 MHz hauv Kev Tawm Tsam Ceev) PCK moos nyob rau hauv hom asynchronous.
Nco ntsoov tias lub kaw lus moos zaus ua haujlwm yuav tsum qis dua ib feem peb ntawm PCK zaus. Lub tshuab synchronization ntawm cov sij hawm sib txus Timer / Counter1 xav tau tsawg kawg ob lub npoo ntawm PCK thaum lub kaw lus moos muaj qhov siab. Yog tias qhov zaus ntawm lub kaw lus moos ua haujlwm ntau dhau, nws yog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov tswj tus nqi tau ploj.
Hauv qab no Daim duab 12-3 pom tias daim ntawv thaiv kab ntawv rau Timer / Counter1.
Tab 12-1. Sib piv hom Xaiv hauv PWM hom
COM 1 x 1 | COM 1 x 0 | Ntxim rau tso zis piv Pins |
0 | 0 | OC1x tsis txuas nrog. OC1x tsis txuas nrog. |
0 | 1 | OC1x tshem ntawm kev sib piv match. Teev thaumTCNT1 = $ 00. OC1x teeb ntawm kev sib piv match. Cleared thaum TCNT1 = $ 00. |
1 | 0 | OC1x tshem ntawm kev sib piv match. Teev thaum TCNT1 = $ 00. OC1x tsis txuas nrog. |
1 | 1 | OC1x Teeb ntawm kev sib piv kev sib tw. Cleared thaum TCNT1 = $ 00. OC1x tsis txuas nrog. |
ADC cov yam ntxwv
Tab 21-8. ADC yam ntxwv, ib leeg xaus raws. TA = -40 ° C rau + 85 ° C
Cim | Parameter | Qhov xwm txheej | Min | Ntaus | Max | Chav tsev |
Kev daws teeb meem | 10 | Cov khoom | ||||
Kev raug qhov tsis raug (suav nrog INL, DNL, thiab Kev Xam Xam, Txais thiab Ua Tsis Zoo) | VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V,
ADC moos = 200 kHz |
2 | LSB | |||
VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V,
ADC moos = 1 MHz |
3 | LSB | ||||
VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V,
ADC moos = 200 kHz Suab nrov yuav txo tau hom |
1.5 | LSB | ||||
VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V,
ADC moos = 1 MHz Suab nrov yuav txo tau hom |
2.5 | LSB | ||||
Ib tsis-linearity (INL) (Qhov tseeb tom qab offset thiab nce calibration) | VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V,
ADC moos = 200 kHz |
1 | LSB | |||
Plawg tsis-linearity (DNL) | VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V,
ADC moos = 200 kHz |
0.5 | LSB | |||
Yuav Tau Yuam Kev | VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V,
ADC moos = 200 kHz |
2.5 | LSB | |||
Offset Yuam Kev | VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V,
ADC moos = 200 kHz |
1.5 | LSB | |||
Lub Sijhawm Hloov Siab | Pub dawb Sib Tham | 14 | 280 | .swv | ||
Moos Tsaus | 50 | 1000 | kHz ua | |||
VIN | Cov lus qhia Voltage | GND | VREF | V | ||
Cov khoom siv bandwidth | 38.4 | kHz ua | ||||
AREF | Sab Nraud Siv Voltage | 2.0 | VCC | V | ||
VINT | Sab Hauv Voltage Siv | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | V | |
Sab Hauv 2.56V Kev Siv (1) | VCC> 3.0V | 2.3 | 2.56 | 2.8 | V | |
RREF | 32 | kΩ tso | ||||
RAWS | Analog Kev Koom Tes Ua Haujlwm | 100 | MΩ | |||
ADC Tso Tawm | 0 | 1023 | LSB |
Lus Cim: 1. Cov nqi yog cov lus qhia nkaus xwb.
Tab 21-9. ADC yam ntxwv, sib txawv raws (Unipolar hom). TA = -40 ° C rau + 85 ° C
Cim | Parameter | Qhov xwm txheej | Min | Ntaus | Max | Chav tsev |
Kev daws teeb meem | Nkawv = 1x | 10 | Cov khoom | |||
Nkawv = 20x | 10 | Cov khoom | ||||
Kev raug qhov tsis raug (suav nrog INL, DNL, thiab
Kev txiav txim, nce thiab yuam kev txhaum) |
Nkawv = 1x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
10.0 | LSB | |||
Nkawv = 20x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
20.0 | LSB | ||||
Qhov tsis-linearity (INL) (Qhov tseeb tom qab Offset thiab nce Calibration) | Nkawv = 1x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
4.0 | LSB | |||
Nkawv = 20x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
10.0 | LSB | ||||
Yuav Tau Yuam Kev | Nkawv = 1x | 10.0 | LSB | |||
Nkawv = 20x | 15.0 | LSB | ||||
Offset Yuam Kev | Nkawv = 1x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
3.0 | LSB | |||
Nkawv = 20x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
4.0 | LSB | ||||
Lub Sijhawm Hloov Siab | Pub dawb Sib Tham | 70 | 280 | .swv | ||
Moos Tsaus | 50 | 200 | kHz ua | |||
VIN | Cov lus qhia Voltage | GND | VCC | V | ||
VDIFF | Tswv yim Sib Txawv Voltage | VREF/Gain | V | |||
Cov khoom siv bandwidth | 4 | kHz ua | ||||
AREF | Sab Nraud Siv Voltage | 2.0 | TSI – 1.0 | V | ||
VINT | Sab Hauv Voltage Siv | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | V | |
Sab Hauv 2.56V Kev Siv (1) | VCC> 3.0V | 2.3 | 2.56 | 2.8 | V | |
RREF | Siv Input Resistance Kuj | 32 | kΩ tso | |||
RAWS | Analog Kev Koom Tes Ua Haujlwm | 100 | MΩ | |||
ADC Kev Sib Tham Cov Lus Qhia | 0 | 1023 | LSB |
Lus Cim: Cov nqi yog cov lus qhia nkaus xwb.
Tab 21-10. ADC yam ntxwv, sib txawv raws (Bipolar hom). TA = -40 ° C rau + 85 ° C
Cim | Parameter | Qhov xwm txheej | Min | Ntaus | Max | Chav tsev |
Kev daws teeb meem | Nkawv = 1x | 10 | Cov khoom | |||
Nkawv = 20x | 10 | Cov khoom | ||||
Kev raug qhov tsis raug (suav nrog INL, DNL, thiab
Kev txiav txim, nce thiab yuam kev txhaum) |
Nkawv = 1x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
8.0 | LSB | |||
Nkawv = 20x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
8.0 | LSB | ||||
Qhov tsis-linearity (INL) (Qhov tseeb tom qab Offset thiab nce Calibration) | Nkawv = 1x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
4.0 | LSB | |||
Nkawv = 20x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
5.0 | LSB | ||||
Yuav Tau Yuam Kev | Nkawv = 1x | 4.0 | LSB | |||
Nkawv = 20x | 5.0 | LSB | ||||
Offset Yuam Kev | Nkawv = 1x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
3.0 | LSB | |||
Nkawv = 20x
VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC moos = 50 - 200 kHz |
4.0 | LSB | ||||
Lub Sijhawm Hloov Siab | Pub dawb Sib Tham | 70 | 280 | .swv | ||
Moos Tsaus | 50 | 200 | kHz ua | |||
VIN | Cov lus qhia Voltage | GND | VCC | V | ||
VDIFF | Tswv yim Sib Txawv Voltage | VREF/Gain | V | |||
Cov khoom siv bandwidth | 4 | kHz ua | ||||
AREF | Sab Nraud Siv Voltage | 2.0 | TSI – 1.0 | V | ||
VINT | Sab Hauv Voltage Siv | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | V | |
Sab Hauv 2.56V Kev Siv (1) | VCC> 3.0V | 2.3 | 2.56 | 2.8 | V | |
RREF | Siv Input Resistance Kuj | 32 | kΩ tso | |||
RAWS | Analog Kev Koom Tes Ua Haujlwm | 100 | MΩ | |||
ADC Kev Sib Tham Cov Lus Qhia | - 512 Nws | 511 | LSB |
Cov Lus Qhia Teeb Teev Cov Ntsiab Lus
Mnemonics | Kev Ua Haujlwm | Kev piav qhia | Kev ua haujlwm | Chij | #Khawv Koob |
COV LUS ARMAMIC THIAB LOGIC | |||||
Ntxiv | Rd, Rr Ib | Ntxiv ob Lub Npe | Rd ← Rd + Rr | Z, C, N, V, H | 1 |
ADC | Rd, Rr Ib | Ntxiv nrog Nqa Ob Daim Ntawv Sau Npe | Rd ← Rd + Rr + C | Z, C, N, V, H | 1 |
ADIW | Rdl, K | Ntxiv Tam Sim Ntawv rau Lo Lus | Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl + K | Z, C, N, V, S | 2 |
SUB | Rd, Rr Ib | Muab Ob Tus Me Nyuam Rau Rov | Rd ← Rd – Rr | Z, C, N, V, H | 1 |
kuv mus lawm | Rd, Kev | Rho Npe Tawm tas mus li ntawm Npe | Rd ← Rd – K | Z, C, N, V, H | 1 |
SBC | Rd, Rr Ib | Sib Nrog Nqa Ob Tug Neeg | Rd ← Rd – Rr – C | Z, C, N, V, H | 1 |
SBCI | Rd, Kev | Rho nrog nqa nrog Tas Nrho ntawm Reg. | Rd ← Rd – K – C | Z, C, N, V, H | 1 |
SIB | Rdl, K | Rhais Qhov Muag Tam Sim Ntawv Los Ntawm Lo Lus | Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl – K | Z, C, N, V, S | 2 |
THIAB | Rd, Rr Ib | Zaj kwv txhiaj THIAB Cuam Tshuam | Rd ← Rd ∙ Rr | Z, N, V | 1 |
ANDI | Rd, Kev | Logical THIAB Register thiab tsis tu ncua | Rd ← Rd ∙ K | Z, N, V | 1 |
OR | Rd, Rr Ib | Zajlus kom LOS UA | Rd ← Rd v Rr | Z, N, V | 1 |
ORI | Rd, Kev | Zajlus kom LOS SIS Sau npe thiab Tas Nrho | Rd ← Rd v K | Z, N, V | 1 |
EOR | Rd, Rr Ib | Tsuas yog LOS Cuav | Rd ← Rd ⊕ Rr | Z, N, V | 1 |
COM | Rd | Ib Tus Siv Tau Los | Rd ← 0xFF − Rd | Z, C, N, V | 1 |
NEG | Rd | Ob tug Complement | Rd ← 0x00 − Rd | Z, C, N, V, H | 1 |
SBR | Rd, K | Teeb Ntsis Sau Npe nyob rau hauv Kev Sau Npe | Rd ← Rd v K | Z, N, V | 1 |
CBR | Rd, K | Luaj Ntsis Daim Ntawv Sau Npe | Rd ← Rd ∙ (0xFF – K) | Z, N, V | 1 |
INC | Rd | Nce ntxiv | Rd ← Rd + 1 | Z, N, V | 1 |
DEC | Rd | Kev Txom Nyem | Rd ← Rd − 1 | Z, N, V | 1 |
TST | Rd | Xeem rau xoom lossis rho tawm | Rd ← Rd ∙ Rd | Z, N, V | 1 |
CLR | Rd | Ntshiab Rau Npe | Rd ← Rd ⊕ Rd | Z, N, V | 1 |
SER | Rd | Teeb Sau Npe | Rd ← 0xFF | Tsis muaj | 1 |
PHAU NTAWV QHIA | |||||
RJMP | k | Tus Kwv Luag | PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 2 |
IJMP | Indirect dhia mus rau (Z) | Tom ntej: PC ← Z | Tsis muaj | 2 | |
PIB | k | Tus Kwv Txheeb Sib Ceg Hu | PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 3 |
PIB | Indirect Hu rau (Z) | Tom ntej: PC ← Z | Tsis muaj | 3 | |
RET | Subroutine Xa Rov Qab | PC ← POB | Tsis muaj | 4 | |
RETI | Kev cuam tshuam Rov qab los | PC ← POB | I | 4 | |
CPSE | Rd, Rr | Sib piv, Hla Yog Muaj Sib Txawv | Yog tias (Rd = Rr) PC ← PC + 2 lossis 3 | Tsis muaj | 1/2/3 |
CP | Rd, Rr | Sib piv | Rd - Rd | Z, N, V, C, H | 1 |
CPC | Rd, Rr | Piv nrog Nqa | Rd - Rr - C | Z, N, V, C, H | 1 |
CPI | Rd, K | Sib piv Sau npe nrog Tam Sim No. | Rd - K | Z, N, V, C, H | 1 |
SBRC | Rr, ib | Hla yog tias Rau Npe Nkag Mus Xyuas Cleared | yog (Rr(b)=0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 | Tsis muaj | 1/2/3 |
SBRS | Rr, ib | Hla yog tias Me ntsis rau npe nkag yog teeb | yog (Rr(b)=1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 | Tsis muaj | 1/2/3 |
SBIC | P, ib | Hla yog tias Me hauv I / O Rau npe Cleared | Yog tias (P(b)=0) PC ← PC + 2 lossis 3 | Tsis muaj | 1/2/3 |
SBIS | P, ib | Hla yog tias Bit hauv I / O Register Tso Tau | Yog tias (P(b)=1) PC ← PC + 2 lossis 3 | Tsis muaj | 1/2/3 |
BRBS | s, k ua | Ceg yog tias Raws Li Txoj Cai Chij Teeb | yog (SREG(s) = 1) ces PC←PC+k+1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRBC | s, k ua | Ceg yog tias chij xwm txheej Cleared | yog (SREG(s) = 0) ces PC←PC+k+1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
HLAWV | k | Ceg yog Equal | yog (Z = 1) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
COB | k | Ceg yog tsis sib npaug | yog (Z = 0) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRCS | k | Ceg yog Nqa Muaj Teeb | Yog tias (C = 1) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRCC | k | Ceg yog tias Carry Cleared | Yog tias (C = 0) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRSH | k | Ceg Yog Muaj Tib Yam Los Yog Tshaj | Yog tias (C = 0) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRLO | k | Ceg yog qis dua | Yog tias (C = 1) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRMI | k | Ceg yog Minus | Yog tias (N = 1) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BROB | k | Ceg yog Plus | Yog tias (N = 0) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRGE | k | Ceg Yog tias Muaj Ntau Yam lossis Muaj Vaj Huam Sib Luag, Kos Npe | Yog tias (N ⊕ V = 0) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
YIM | k | Ceg Yog Tsawg Tshaj Xoom, Kos Npe | Yog tias (N ⊕ V = 1) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRHS | k | Ceg Yog Muaj Ib Nrab Txhim Chij Teeb | Yog tias (H = 1) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRHC | k | Ceg yog tias Ib Nrab Nkag Ntoo Cuam Tshuam | Yog tias (H = 0) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
CAB | k | Ceg Yog T Chij Teeb | Yog tias (T = 1) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRTC | k | Ceg yog T Flag Cleared | Yog tias (T = 0) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRVS | k | Ceg Yog Overflow Chij Teem Caij | yog (V = 1) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
BRVC | k | Ceg yog Overflow Chij yog Cleared | yog (V = 0) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
TSWV YIM | k | Ceg Yog Cuam Tshuam Kev Ua | Yog tias (I = 1) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
CUA | k | Ceg yog Cuam Tshuam Kev Xiam Ib Qho | Yog tias (I = 0) ces PC ← PC + k + 1 | Tsis muaj | 1/2 |
PHAU VAJLUGKUB THIAB BIT-TEST | |||||
SBI | P, b | Teem me ntsis rau I / O Sau Npe | I/O(P,b) ← 1 | Tsis muaj | 2 |
CBI | P, b | Ntshiab me ntsis hauv I / O Sau Npe | I/O(P,b) ← 0 | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LSL | Rd | Logical Shift sab laug | Rd(n+1) ← Rd(n), Rd(0) ← 0 | Z, C, N, V | 1 |
LSR | Rd | Logical Shift Txoj Cai | Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), Rd(7) ← 0 | Z, C, N, V | 1 |
LUAG HAUJ LWM | Rd | Tig sab laug Los Nqa | Rd(0)←C,Rd(n+1)← Rd(n),C←Rd(7) | Z, C, N, V | 1 |
ROR | Rd | Tig sab xis Rau Nqa | Rd(7)←C,Rd(n)← Rd(n+1),C←Rd(0) | Z, C, N, V | 1 |
ASR | Rd | Arithmetic Shift Txoj Cai | Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), n=0..6 | Z, C, N, V | 1 |
Mnemonics | Kev Ua Haujlwm | Kev piav qhia | Kev ua haujlwm | Chij | #Khawv Koob |
SWAP | Rd | Sib pauv Nibbles | Rd(3..0)←Rd(7..4),Rd(7..4)←Rd(3..0) | Tsis muaj | 1 |
BSET | s | Chij Teeb | TSEG(s) ← 1 | Daim tawv nqaij | 1 |
BCLR | s | Chij Luaj | TSEG(s) ← 0 | Daim tawv nqaij | 1 |
BST | Rr, ib | Cov Txiaj Ntsig Sau Npe los ntawm T | T ← Rr(b) | T | 1 |
BLD | Rd, ib | Tshuav thauj khoom los ntawm T rau Kev Tso Npe | Rd(b) ← T | Tsis muaj | 1 |
SEC | Teeb Tseg | C ← 1 | C | 1 | |
CLC | Ntshiab Carry | C ← 0 | C | 1 | |
SEN | Teeb Chij Tsis Zoo | ← Yav dhau los 1 | N | 1 | |
CLN | Ntshiab Tus Neeg Pom Tsis Zoo | ← Yav dhau los 0 | N | 1 | |
SEZ | Teeb Xoom Chij | ZWM ← 1 | Z | 1 | |
CLZ | Ntshiab Xoom | ZWM ← 0 | Z | 1 | |
SEI | Ntiaj teb Interrupt Enable | Kuv ← 1 | I | 1 | |
CLI | Ntiaj teb Kev Muaj Peev Xwm Txawv Tebchaws | Kuv ← 0 | I | 1 | |
SES | Teem Xeem Npe Daim Chij | S ← 1 | S | 1 | |
CLS | Ntshiab Kev Kos Npe Chij | S ← 0 | S | 1 | |
SEV | Teem Lub Twos Complement Overflow. | V ← 1 | V | 1 | |
CLV | Ntshiab Ob Chav Complement Tshaj dhau | V ← 0 | V | 1 | |
SET | T T hauv SREG | T ← 1 | T | 1 | |
CLT | Ntshiab T hauv SREG | T ← 0 | T | 1 | |
SEH | Teem Ib Nrab Nka Daim Choj hauv SREG | H ← 1 | H | 1 | |
CLH | Ntshiab Ib nrab Nqa Chij hauv SREG | H ← 0 | H | 1 | |
DATA HLOOV COV LUS QHIA | |||||
MOV | Rd, Rr Ib | Txav Ntawm Ntxawg | Rd ← Rd | Tsis muaj | 1 |
MOVW | Rd, Rr Ib | Luam Ntawv Sau Npe | Rd+1:Rd ← Rr+1:Rr | Tsis muaj | 1 |
LDI | Rd, Kev | Thauj Dhuav | Rd ← K | Tsis muaj | 1 |
LD | Rd, X li | Thauj khoom Indirect | Rd ← (X) | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LD | Rd, X + | Thauj khoom Indirect thiab Post-Inc. | Rd ← (X), X ← X + 1 | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LD | Rd, - X | Ntsaws Indirect thiab Kev Kawm Ua Ntej. | X ← X – 1, Rd ← (X) | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LD | Rd, Y li | Thauj khoom Indirect | Rd ← (Y) | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LD | Rd, Y + | Thauj khoom Indirect thiab Post-Inc. | Rd ← (Y), Y ← Y + 1 | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LD | Rd, - Y | Ntsaws Indirect thiab Kev Kawm Ua Ntej. | Y ← Y – 1, Rd ← (Y) | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LDD | Rd, Y + q | Thauj khoom Indirect nrog Kev Txom Nyem | Rd ← (Y + q) | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LD | Rd., Zoj | Thauj khoom Indirect | Rd ← (Z) | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LD | Rd, Z + | Thauj khoom Indirect thiab Post-Inc. | Rd ← (Z), Z ← Z+1 | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LD | Rd, -Z li | Ntsaws Indirect thiab Kev Kawm Ua Ntej. | Z ← Z – 1, Rd ← (Z) | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LDD | Rd, Z + q | Thauj khoom Indirect nrog Kev Txom Nyem | Rd ← (Z + q) | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LDS | Rd, ua k | Thauj khoom ncaj qha los ntawm SRAM | Rd ← (k) | Tsis muaj | 2 |
ST | X, Rau | Khaws Indirect | (X) ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 2 |
ST | X +, Rr | Khaws Indirect thiab Post-Inc. | (X) ← Rr, X ← X + 1 | Tsis muaj | 2 |
ST | - X, Rr | Khaws Indirect thiab Pre-Dec. | X ← X – 1, (X) ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 2 |
ST | Yog, Rr | Khaws Indirect | (Y) ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 2 |
ST | Y +, Rr | Khaws Indirect thiab Post-Inc. | (Y) ← Rr, Y ← Y + 1 | Tsis muaj | 2 |
ST | - Y, Rr | Khaws Indirect thiab Pre-Dec. | Y ← Y – 1, (Y) ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 2 |
STD | Y + q, Rr | Khaws Indirect nrog Kev Txom Nyem | (Y+q) ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 2 |
ST | Z, Rau | Khaws Indirect | (Z) ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 2 |
ST | Z +, Rr | Khaws Indirect thiab Post-Inc. | (Z) ← Rr, Z ← Z+ 1 | Tsis muaj | 2 |
ST | -Z, dr hab | Khaws Indirect thiab Pre-Dec. | Z ← Z – 1, (Z) ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 2 |
STD | Z + q, Rr | Khaws Indirect nrog Kev Txom Nyem | (Z + q) ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 2 |
STS | k, rr ua | Khaws ncaj qha rau SRAM | (k) ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LPM | Thauj Khoom Program nco | R0 ← (Z) | Tsis muaj | 3 | |
LPM | Rd., Zoj | Thauj Khoom Program nco | Rd ← (Z) | Tsis muaj | 3 |
LPM | Rd, Z + | Thauj Qhov Kev Pab Cuam Nco thiab Post-Inc | Rd ← (Z), Z ← Z+1 | Tsis muaj | 3 |
SPM | Khaws Qhov Cim Cia Program | (z) ← R1:R0 | Tsis muaj | ||
IN | Rd, Peb | Hauv Chaw nres nkoj | Rd ← P | Tsis muaj | 1 |
Tawm | P, Rr | Tawm Chaw nres nkoj | P ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 1 |
PHEM | Rr | Push Sau npe ntawm Tshooj | STACK ← Rr | Tsis muaj | 2 |
POP | Rd | Pop Sau npe los ntawm Khib | Rd ← NTAU | Tsis muaj | 2 |
LUS QHIA RAU MCU | |||||
NOP | Tsis Muaj Kev Ua Haujlwm | Tsis muaj | 1 | ||
POM | Pw tsaug zog | (saib kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau lub luag haujlwm kev pw tsaug zog) | Tsis muaj | 1 | |
WDR | Rov Saib Dua | (saib cov descr tshwj xeeb rau WDR / Timer) | Tsis muaj | 1 | |
BREAK | So |
Ceev (MHz) (1) | Muab Voltage (v) | Qhov kub thiab txias | Pob (2) | Ordering Code (3) |
10 | 1.8–5.5 : kuv | Kev lag luam
(-40 ° C txog + 85 ° C) (4) |
8p3 ib | Tom ntej: ATtiny 45V-10PU |
8 ib 2 | ATtiny45V-10SU ATtiny45V-10SUR ATtiny45V-10SH ATtiny45V-10SHR | |||
8X | ATtiny45V-10XU ATtiny45V-10XUR | |||
20m1 ib | ATtiny 45V-10MU ATtiny 45V-10MUR | |||
20 | 2.7–5.5 : kuv | Kev lag luam
(-40 ° C txog + 85 ° C) (4) |
8p3 ib | ATtiny 45-20 PU |
8 ib 2 | ATtiny45-20SU ATtiny45-20SUR
ATtiny45-20SH ATtiny45-20SHR |
|||
8X | ATtiny45-20XU ATtiny45-20XUR | |||
20m1 ib | ATtiny45-20MU ATtiny45-20MUR |
Sau ntawv: 1. Kom ceev vs. muab voltage, saib ntu 21.3 “Ceev” hauv nplooj 163.
Txhua pob khoom yog Pb-dawb, halide-dawb thiab tag nrho ntsuab thiab lawv tau ua raws li cov lus qhia nyob hauv European rau Kev Txwv txoj kev phom sij (RoHS).
Code qhia
H: NiPdAu cov hmoov txhuas ua tiav
U: matte hlau
R: daim kab xev & reel
Cov cuab yeej siv no tseem tuaj yeem xa hauv cov ntaub ntawv wafer. Thov hu rau Atale muag kev muag khoom hauv koj cheeb tsam kom paub cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab cov khoom tsawg kawg.
Yuam kev
Ua tsis tiav ATtiny25
Daim ntawv kho dua tshiab hauv ntu no yog hais txog kev hloov kho ntawm ATtiny25 ntaus ntawv.
Rev D - F
Tsis paub errata.
Rev B - C
EEPROM nyeem yuav ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom qistage / qis zaus zaus
EEPROM nyeem yuav ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom qistage / qis zaus zaus
Sim nyeem EEPROM ntawm lub moos qis zaus thiab/lossis cov khoom siv qistage yuav ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug.
Qhov Teeb Meem Kho / Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Tsis txhob siv EEPROM thaum lub moos zaus qis dua 1MHz thiab muab khoom ntimtage yog qis dua 2V. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej tsis tuaj yeem siab dua 1MHz ces muab cov khoom ntimtage yuav tsum ntau dua 2V. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias muab voltage tsis tuaj yeem nce siab dua 2V ces kev ua haujlwm zaus yuav tsum ntau dua 1MHz.
Cov yeeb yam no paub tau tias kub tsis txaus tab sis nws tsis tau pom. Cov lus qhia yog muab rau chav kub, tsuas yog.
Rev A.
Tsis yog sampcoj.
Ua tsis tiav ATtiny45
Daim ntawv kho dua tshiab hauv ntu no yog hais txog kev hloov kho ntawm ATtiny45 ntaus ntawv.
Rev F - G
Tsis paub errata
Rev D - E
EEPROM nyeem yuav ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom qistage / qis zaus zaus
EEPROM nyeem yuav ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom qistage / qis zaus zaus
Sim nyeem EEPROM ntawm lub moos qis zaus thiab/lossis cov khoom siv qistage yuav ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug.
Qhov Teeb Meem Kho / Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Tsis txhob siv EEPROM thaum lub moos zaus qis dua 1MHz thiab muab khoom ntimtage yog qis dua 2V. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej tsis tuaj yeem siab dua 1MHz ces muab cov khoom ntimtage yuav tsum ntau dua 2V. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias muab voltage tsis tuaj yeem nce siab dua 2V ces kev ua haujlwm zaus yuav tsum ntau dua 1MHz.
Cov yeeb yam no paub tau tias kub tsis txaus tab sis nws tsis tau pom. Cov lus qhia yog muab rau chav kub, tsuas yog.
Rev B - C
PLL tsis ntsuas phoo
EEPROM nyeem los ntawm cov ntawv thov tsis ua haujlwm hauv Xauv Ntsuas Tus Qauv 3
EEPROM nyeem yuav ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom qistage / qis zaus zaus
Timer Txiaj Ntsig 1 PWM tso zis tawm ntawm OC1B- XOC1B tsis ua haujlwm tsis raug
PLL tsis ntsuas phoo
Thaum nyob ntawm zaus tsawg dua 6.0 MHz, PLL yuav tsis kaw
Teeb meem kho / Ua haujlwm
Thaum siv PLL, khiav ntawm 6.0 MHz lossis siab dua ntawd.
EEPROM nyeem los ntawm cov ntawv thov tsis ua haujlwm hauv Xauv Ntsuas Tus Qauv 3
Thaum lub cim xeeb xauv cov khoom LB2 thiab LB1 yog programmed rau hom 3, EEPROM nyeem tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm daim ntawv thov code.
Teeb meem Kho / Ua haujlwm ib ncig
Tsis txhob teev Lock Me Nyuam Tiv Thaiv 3 thaum lub sijhawm daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau nyeem los ntawm EEPROM.
EEPROM nyeem yuav ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom qistage / qis zaus zaus
Sim nyeem EEPROM ntawm lub moos qis zaus thiab/lossis cov khoom siv qistage yuav ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug.
Qhov Teeb Meem Kho / Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Tsis txhob siv EEPROM thaum lub moos zaus qis dua 1MHz thiab muab khoom ntimtage yog qis dua 2V. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej tsis tuaj yeem siab dua 1MHz ces muab cov khoom ntimtage yuav tsum ntau dua 2V. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias muab voltage tsis tuaj yeem nce siab dua 2V ces kev ua haujlwm zaus yuav tsum ntau dua 1MHz.
Cov yeeb yam no paub tau tias kub tsis txaus tab sis nws tsis tau pom. Cov lus qhia yog muab rau chav kub, tsuas yog.
Timer Txiaj Ntsig 1 PWM tso zis tawm ntawm OC1B - XOC1B tsis ua haujlwm tsis raug
Timer Counter1 PWM tso zis OC1B-XOC1B tsis ua haujlwm tsis raug. Tsuas yog hauv rooj plaub thaum cov khoom tswj, COM1B1 thiab COM1B0 yog nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li COM1A1 thiab COM1A0, ntsig txog, OC1B-XOC1B tawm-tso ua haujlwm kom raug.
Teeb meem Kho / Ua haujlwm ib ncig
Tsuas yog qhov kev sib tw ua haujlwm yog siv tib qho kev tswj hwm ntawm COM1A [1: 0] thiab COM1B [1: 0] tswj cov khoom, saib cov lus 14- 4 hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Cov teeb meem tau muab kho rau Tiny45 rev D.
Rev A.
Lub hwj huam loj dhau ntawm kev siv fais fab tuag
DebugWIRE looses kev sib txuas lus thaum ib tus taw mus rau kev cuam tshuam
PLL tsis ntsuas phoo
EEPROM nyeem los ntawm cov ntawv thov tsis ua haujlwm hauv Xauv Ntsuas Tus Qauv 3
EEPROM nyeem yuav ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom qistage / qis zaus zaus
Lub hwj huam loj dhau ntawm kev siv fais fab tuag
Peb qho xwm txheej yuav ua rau lub zog loj dhau ntawm kev siv fais fab tuag. Cov no yog:
Lub moos sab nraud yog xaiv los ntawm fuses, tab sis I / O PORT tseem qhib raws li kev tsim tawm.
Tus EEPROM yog nyeem ua ntej nkag mus rau lub hwj chim qis.
VCC yog 4.5 qhov hluav taws xob lossis siab dua ntawd.
Kev lees paub: Cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim ntawv no yog muab nrog rau cov khoom Atmel. Tsis muaj daim ntawv tso cai, qhia lossis hais, los ntawm estoppel lossis lwm yam, rau txhua txoj cai kev txawj ntse tau tso cai los ntawm daim ntawv no lossis cuam tshuam nrog kev muag khoom ntawm Atmel. Tsuas yog raws li tau teev tseg hauv ATMEL cov ntsiab lus thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev muag khoom nyob rau ntawm ATMEL WEBSITE, ATMEL tsis muaj kev lav phib xaub zoo li cas thiab tsis lees paub txhua yam kev tshaj tawm, qhia lossis kev cai lij choj lav ntsig txog nws cov khoom suav nrog, tab sis tsis txwv rau, TSIS TXAUS SIAB NTAWM POV THAWJ, FOR FORFINTABILITY - MERCHANTAB Kev txhaum cai. YUAV TSUM PAUB TXOG ATMEL yuav tsum lav rau ib qho kev ncaj ncees, tsis ncaj, tsis ncaj, qhov tseem ceeb, raug nplua, tshwj xeeb lossis xwm txheej puas tsuaj (nrog rau, tsis txwv, kev puas tsuaj rau kev poob thiab cov txiaj ntsig, kev lag luam kev lag luam, kev lag luam kev lag luam. Siv los yog siv tsis tau Cov ntaub ntawv no, txawm tias ATMEL tau tshaj tawm txog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev puas tsuaj.
Atmel tsis muaj kev sawv cev lossis kev lees paub txog qhov raug lossis ua tiav ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv no thiab muaj txoj cai hloov pauv rau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom piav qhia txhua lub sijhawm yam tsis muaj ntawv ceeb toom. Atmel tsis tau cog lus los hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob ntawm no. Tshwj tsis yog tshwj xeeb muab lwm yam, Atmel cov khoom tsis haum rau, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau hauv, daim ntawv thov tsheb. Cov khoom lag luam Atmel tsis yog npaj, tso cai, lossis lav rau kev siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv cov ntawv thov tsim los txhawb lossis txhawb nqa lub neej.