Atmel 8-bit AVR Microcontroller nwere 2/4/8K Bytes In-System Akwụkwọ ntuziaka onye ọrụ Flash nwere ike ime.

VCC: ọkọnọ voltage.
GND: ala.
Port B (PB5: PB0): Port B bụ 6-bit bi-directional I / O ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere n'ime ime-adọta-elu resistors (ahọpụtara maka nke ọ bụla). Ihe nrụpụta Port B nwere njirimara mbanye symmetrical nwere ma nnukwu sink na ike isi iyi. Dị ka ntinye, ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri B ndị na-adọkpụ na mpụga dị ala ga-ebute ihe dị ugbu a ma ọ bụrụ na agbanyere ndị na-esetịpụ ihe. A na-ekwupụta ntụtụ Port B mgbe ọnọdụ nrụpụta na-arụ ọrụ, ọbụlagodi na elekere anaghị agba ọsọ.

Port B na-arụkwa ọrụ nke atụmatụ pụrụ iche dị iche iche nke ATtiny25/45/85 dị ka edepụtara ya
Na ATtiny25, a na-agbanwe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri I/O PB3 na PB4 (ntụpọ 2 na 3) n'ụdị ndakọrịta ATtiny15 maka ịkwado ndakọrịta azụ na ATtiny15.

Tọgharia: Tọgharia ntinye. Ọkwa dị ala na ntụtụ a ogologo oge karịa opekempe pulse ogologo ga-emepụta nrụpụta, ọ bụrụgodị na elekere anaghị agba ọsọ ma ọ bụrụhaala na nrụgharị nrụpụta enweghị nkwarụ. Opekempe ogologo pulse nyere n'ime Tebụl 21-4 na ibe 165. Ejikwaghị mkpirisi mkpirisi nkwa iwepụta nrụpụta.

Enwere ike iji ntụtụ nrụpụta ahụ dị ka ntụtụ I/O (adịghị ike).

gafereview

The ATtiny25/45/85 bụ obere ike CMOS 8-bit microcontroller dabere na AVR emelitere RISC ije. Site na ime ntuziaka dị ike n'otu okirikiri elekere, Attiny25/45/85 na-enweta ntinye aka na-abịarute 1 MIPS kwa MHz na-enye onye nrụpụta sistem ohere ịkwalite oriri ike yana ọsọ nhazi.

Ihe Ngosi

Isi AVR na-agwakọta ntụzịaka bara ụba nke nwere ndekọ ọrụ ebumnuche izugbe 32. Ihe ndekọ 32 niile na-ejikọta ya na Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), na-enye ohere ịnweta ndekọ abụọ nọọrọ onwe ha n'otu ntụziaka na-eme n'otu oge elekere. Ihe owuwu a na-esi na ya pụta na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ka ọ na-enweta ntinye ihe ruru ugboro iri ngwa ngwa karịa ndị na-ahụ maka microcontroller CISC.

ATtiny25/45/85 na-enye atụmatụ ndị a: 2/4/8K bytes nke In-System Programmable Flash, 128/256/512 bytes EEPROM, 128/256/256 bytes SRAM, 6 n'ozuzu nzube I / O ahịrị, 32 izugbe nzube na-arụ ọrụ ndekọ, otu 8-bit ngụ oge / Counter na atụnyere ụdịdị, otu 8-bit elu ọsọ ngụ oge / Counter, Universal Serial Interface, Internal and External Interrupts, a 4-channel, 10-bit ADC, a programmable Watchdog Timer na esịtidem. Oscillator, yana sọftụwia atọ enwere ike ịhọrọ ụdị nchekwa ike. Ọnọdụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na-akwụsị CPU ka ọ na-ahapụ SRAM, Timer/Counter, ADC, Analog Comparator, na System Interrupt ka ọ gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ. Ọnọdụ mgbada ike na-echekwa ọdịnaya ndekọ aha, na-ewepụ ọrụ mgbawa niile ruo mgbe nkwụsị na-esote ma ọ bụ Tọgharia ngwaike. Ụdị Mbelata mkpọtụ ADC na-akwụsị CPU na modul I/O niile ma e wezụga ADC, iji belata ngbanwe mkpọtụ n'oge ntụgharị ADC.

Ejiri teknụzụ ebe nchekwa dị elu nke Atmel rụpụtara ngwaọrụ a. On-chip ISP Flash na-enye ohere ka emegharịa ebe nchekwa mmemme na In-System site na interface serial SPI, site na mmemme ebe nchekwa na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ site na koodu On-chip na-agba ọsọ na isi AVR.

A na-akwado ATtiny25/45/85 AVR na ngwa mmemme yana ngwa mmepe sistemu gụnyere: C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, Program Debugger/Simulators and Evaluation kits.

Banyere akụrụngwa

Ngwa mmepe, ndetu ngwa na akwụkwọ data dị maka nbudata na ya http://www.atmel.com/avr.

Koodu Examples

Akwụkwọ a nwere koodu dị mfe exampka nke ahụ gosi na nkenke ka esi eji akụkụ dị iche iche nke ngwaọrụ ahụ. Koodu ndị a examples iche na akụkụ kpọmkwem nkụnye eji isi mee file etinyere tupu achịkọta ya. Mara na ọ bụghị ndị niile na-ere ihe nchịkọta C na-agụnye nkọwa bit na nkụnye eji isi mee files na nkwụsịtụ njikwa na C na-adabere na nchịkọta. Biko gosi na akwụkwọ nchịkọta C maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ.

Maka ndebanye aha I/O dị na maapụ I/O gbatịrị agbatị, “IN”, “OUT”, “SBIS”, “SBIC”, “CBI”, na “SBI” ntụziaka ga-eji ntuziaka na-enye ohere ohere ịgbatị I. /O. Dịka, nke a pụtara "LDS" na "STS" jikọtara ya na "SBRS", "SBRC", "SBR", na "CBR". Rịba ama na ọ bụghị ngwaọrụ AVR niile gụnyere maapụ I/O gbatịrị agbatị.

Sensing Capacitive Touch

Ọbá akwụkwọ Atmel QTouch na-enye ihe ngwọta dị mfe maka oghere mmetụ aka na microcontrollers Atmel AVR. Ọbá akwụkwọ QTouch gụnyere nkwado maka ụzọ inweta QTouch® na QMatrix®.

A na-agbakwunye mmetụta mmetụ n'ụzọ dị mfe na ngwa ọ bụla site na ijikọ ọba akwụkwọ QTouch yana iji Interface Programming Interface (API) nke ọba akwụkwọ iji kọwaa ọwa mmetụ na sensọ. Ngwa ahụ wee kpọọ API iji weghachite ozi ọwa wee chọpụta ọnọdụ ihe mmetụta mmetụ ahụ.

Ọbá akwụkwọ QTouch bụ n'efu na enwere ike ibudata ya na Atmel websaịtị. Maka ozi ndị ọzọ na nkọwapụta nke mmejuputa, rụtụ aka na ntuziaka onye ọrụ ọba akwụkwọ QTouch - dịkwa na Atmel websaịtị.

Ndokwa data

Nsonaazụ ntozu nke ntụkwasị obi na-egosi na ọnụego ọdịda data echere na-erughị 1 PPM karịa afọ 20 na 85 Celsius ma ọ bụ 100 afọ na 25°C.

AVR CPU Core

Okwu mmalite

Nkebi a na-atụle ụkpụrụ ụlọ AVR n'ozuzu ya. Isi ọrụ nke isi CPU bụ iji hụ na mmezu mmemme ziri ezi. Ya mere, CPU ga-enwe ike ịnweta ebe nchekwa, mee mgbako, jikwaa akụkụ, na ijikwa nkwụsịtụ.

Nhazi ụlọview

Iji bulie arụmọrụ yana myirịta, AVR na-eji ihe owuwu Harvard - nwere ncheta na bọs dị iche iche maka mmemme na data. A na-eji pipelining otu larịị eme ntuziaka na ebe nchekwa mmemme. Mgbe a na-eme otu ntuziaka, a na-ebute ụzọ na ebe nchekwa mmemme. Echiche a na-enyere aka ịme ntụziaka n'ime oge elekere ọ bụla. Ebe nchekwa mmemme bụ ebe nchekwa Flash na-emegharị emegharị.

Ndebanye aha nnabata ngwa ngwa File nwere 32 x 8-bit n'ozuzu ebumnuche na-arụ ọrụ ndekọ na otu elekere ohere ohere okirikiri. Nke a na-enye ohere ịrụ ọrụ otu okirikiri Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). N'ime ọrụ ALU na-ahụkarị, operands abụọ na-apụta na Ndebanye aha File, A na-arụ ọrụ ahụ, a na-echekwa nsonaazụ ya na Ndebanye aha File– na otu elekere okirikiri.

Enwere ike iji isii n'ime ndekọ 32 ahụ dị ka akara ndebanye aha adreesị atọ nke 16-bit na-apụtaghị ìhè maka ịkọwapụta oghere data - na-eme ka ngụkọta adreesị dị mma. Enwere ike iji otu n'ime ntụnye adreesị ndị a dị ka ihe ntụnye adreesị maka ịchọ tebụl na ebe nchekwa mmemme Flash. Ndebanye aha ọrụ ndị a agbakwunyere bụ 16-bit X-, Y- na Z-debanye aha, nke akọwara n'ikpeazụ na ngalaba a.

ALU na-akwado ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na mgbagha n'etiti ndekọ ma ọ bụ n'etiti ndekọ mgbe niile na ndekọ. Enwere ike ịme otu ọrụ ndekọ aha na ALU. Mgbe arụchara ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ, a na-emelite ndekọ aha ọnọdụ iji gosipụta ozi gbasara nsonaazụ ọrụ ahụ.

A na-enye usoro mmemme site na mwụli elu na enweghị ọnọdụ na ntuziaka oku, nwee ike ịza ebe adresị niile ozugbo. Ọtụtụ ntụziaka AVR nwere otu usoro okwu 16-bit, mana enwerekwa ntuziaka 32-bit.

N'oge nkwụsịtụ na oku subbroutine, a na-echekwa adreesị nlọghachi Program Counter (PC) na Stack. A na-ekenye Stack nke ọma na SRAM data izugbe, ya mere oke Stack na-ejedebe naanị site na mkpokọta SRAM na ojiji nke SRAM. Mmemme onye ọrụ niile ga-ebidorịrị SP n'ime usoro ntọgharị (tupu emechaa usoro ma ọ bụ nkwụsị). A na-agụ / dee ihe Stack Pointer (SP) na oghere I/O. Enwere ike ịnweta data SRAM n'ụzọ dị mfe site na ụdị okwu ise dị iche iche na-akwado na nhazi AVR.

Oghere ebe nchekwa dị na ihe owuwu AVR bụ maapụ ebe nchekwa ahịrị na oge niile.

Modul nkwụsịtụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ndekọ njikwa ya na oghere I/O nwere ihe mgbakwunye Global Interrupt Enable bit na ndekọ ọnọdụ. Nkwụsị niile nwere vector akwụsịtụ iche na tebụl vector kwụsịrị. Nkwụsị ndị a nwere ihe kacha mkpa dịka ọnọdụ Vector kwụsịrị. Na ala adreesị Vector kwụsịrị, ka mkpa dị elu.

Oghere ebe nchekwa I/O nwere adreesị 64 maka ọrụ mpụta CPU dị ka ndị na-edeba aha njikwa, SPI, na ọrụ I/O ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ịnweta ebe nchekwa I/O ozugbo, ma ọ bụ dị ka ebe oghere data na-eso ndị nke ndebanye aha File, 0x20 - 0x5F.

ALU – Ngalaba mgbagha mgbagha

AVR ALU na-arụ ọrụ dị elu na-arụ ọrụ ozugbo yana ndekọ ndekọ ọrụ ebumnuche izugbe 32 niile. N'ime otu okirikiri elekere, a na-arụ ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ n'etiti ndekọ aha izugbe ma ọ bụ n'etiti ndekọ na otu ozugbo. E kewara arụmọrụ ALU ụzọ atọ - mgbakọ na mwepụ, ezi uche na ọrụ bit-. Ụfọdụ mmejuputa iwu ụlọ ahụ na-enyekwa ọtụtụ ihe dị ike na-akwado ma ntinye aka/edebanyeghị aha ya na usoro nke akụkụ. Lee ngalaba “Ntọala Ntuziaka” maka nkọwa zuru ezu.

Ndebanye aha ọnọdụ

Ndebanye aha ọnọdụ nwere ozi gbasara nsonaazụ ntuziaka mgbakọ na nso nso a. Enwere ike iji ozi a maka ịgbanwe usoro mmemme iji rụọ ọrụ ọnọdụ. Rịba ama na a na-emelite ndekọ ọnọdụ ka arụchara ọrụ ALU niile, dịka akọwapụtara na Ntuziaka Ntọala Ntuziaka. Nke a n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ga-ewepụ mkpa maka iji ntuziaka ntụnyere raara onwe ya nye, na-ebute koodu ngwa ngwa na kọmpat karịa.

A naghị echekwa ndekọ ọnọdụ na-akpaghị aka mgbe ị na-abanye usoro nkwụsịtụ ma weghachite ya mgbe ọ na-alọta site na nkwụsịtụ. A ghaghị ijikwa nke a site na ngwanrọ.

SREG – AVR Ọnọdụ ndekọ

Ndebanye aha ọnọdụ AVR - SREG - akọwara dị ka:

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x3F	I	T	H	S	V	N	Z	C	SREG
Gụọ/dee	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Bit 7 - I: Kwado nkwụsị zuru ụwa ọnụ

A ga-edozirịrị ntakịrị ihe nkwụsịtụ Global Interrupt maka ịgbanye nkwụsịtụ ahụ. A na-eme njikwa nkwụsịtụ onye ọ bụla na ndekọ njikwa dị iche iche. Ọ bụrụ na ekpochapụ Global Interrupt Enable Register, ọ nweghị nke a na-eme ka nkwụsịtụ na-adabereghị na ntọala ntọala onye ọ bụla. A na-ehichapụ I-bit site na ngwaike mgbe nkwụsịtụ kwụsịrị, ma na-edozi ya site na ntụziaka RETI iji mee ka nkwụsịtụ na-esote. Enwere ike ịtọ ma kpochapụ I-bit site na ngwa site na iji ntuziaka SEI na CLI, dịka akọwara na ntụnye aka setịpụrụ ntụziaka.

Bit 6 – T: Bit Copy Nchekwa

Ntuziaka Bit Copy BLD (Bit LoaD) na BST (Bit STore) na-eji T-bit dị ka isi mmalite ma ọ bụ ebe maka bit arụrụ arụ ọrụ. Obere site na ndebanye aha na Ndebanye aha File enwere ike depụtaghachi ya na T site na ntụziaka BST, na ntakịrị na T nwere ike depụta ya n'ime ntakịrị n'ime ndekọ aha na Ndebanye aha. File site na ntuziaka BLD.

Bit 5 – H: Ọkara Ọkọlọtọ

Ọkara Ebu Ọkọlọtọ H na-egosi ọkara na-ebu na ụfọdụ ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ. Half Carry bara uru na mgbakọ na mwepụ BCD. Hụ "Nkọwa Ntọala Ntuziaka" maka ozi zuru ezu.

Bit 4 – S: Banye Bit, S = N ⊕ V

S-bit na-abụkarị ihe pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ n'etiti Ọkọlọtọ Na-adịghị mma na Ọkọlọtọ Abụọ nke Mmeju nke Oke V. Hụ “Nkọwa Ntọala Ntuziaka” maka ozi zuru ezu.

Bit 3 – V: Ọkọlọtọ Mmeju nke Abụọ

Ọkọlọtọ nke Abụọ nke Mmeju nke ukwuu na-akwado mgbakọ abụọ mmeju. Hụ "Nkọwa Ntọala Ntuziaka" maka ozi zuru ezu.

Bit 2 – N: Ọkọlọtọ na-adịghị mma

Ọkọlọtọ na-adịghị mma N na-egosi nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma na mgbakọ na mwepụ ma ọ bụ mgbagha. Hụ "Nkọwa Ntọala Ntuziaka" maka ozi zuru ezu.

Bit 1 – Z: Ọkọlọtọ efu

Ọkọlọtọ efu Z na-egosi nsonaazụ efu na mgbakọ na mwepụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ mgbagha. Hụ "Nkọwa Ntọala Ntuziaka" maka ozi zuru ezu.

Bit 0 – C: Buru ọkọlọtọ

Ọkọlọtọ Ebu C na-egosi ebu n'ọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ ma ọ bụ mgbagha. Hụ "Nkọwa Ntọala Ntuziaka" maka ozi zuru ezu.

Ndebanye aha ebumnuche izugbe File

Ndebanye aha File emebere ya maka nhazi ntụziaka RISC kwalitere AVR. Iji nweta ọrụ achọrọ na mgbanwe, ndebanye aha na-akwado atụmatụ ntinye/mpụta ndị a. File:

Otu 8-bit mmepụta operand na otu ntinye nsonaazụ 8-bit

Abụọ 8-bit mmepụta operand na otu ntinye nsonaazụ 8-bit

Abụọ 8-bit mmepụta operand na otu ntinye nsonaazụ 16-bit

Otu 16-bit mmepụta operand na otu ntinye nsonaazụ 16-bit

Ọgụgụ 4-2 na-egosi usoro nke 32 izugbe ọrụ ndekọ na CPU.

Dị ka e gosiri na Ọgụgụ 4-2, A na-ekenye aha ndekọ ọ bụla adreesị ebe nchekwa data, na-esepụta ha ozugbo na ebe 32 mbụ nke Oghere Data onye ọrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na anaghị etinye ya n'anụ ahụ dị ka ebe SRAM, ụlọ ọrụ ebe nchekwa a na-enye mgbanwe dị ukwuu n'inweta ndekọ ahụ, ebe enwere ike ịtọ ndekọ X-, Y- na Z-pointer ka ọ bụrụ ndenye aha ọ bụla na ndekọ. fileỌtụtụ ntụziaka na-arụ ọrụ na Register File nwee ohere ozugbo na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha niile, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ntuziaka okirikiri otu.

Ndebanye aha X, Y-ndebanye aha na Z-ndebanye aha

Ndebanye aha R26..R31 nwere ụfọdụ agbakwunyere ọrụ maka ebumnuche ebumnuche ha. Ndebanye aha ndị a bụ ntụnye adreesị 16-bit maka ịza ajụjụ na-apụtaghị ìhè nke oghere data. Akọwapụtara adres atọ ahụ na-apụtachaghị ìhè X, Y, na Z dị ka akọwara na ya Ọgụgụ 4-3.

N'ụdị okwu dị iche iche, ndebanye aha adreesị a nwere ọrụ dị ka nchụpụ a kapịrị ọnụ, mmụba akpaka, na mbelata akpaaka (lee ntụzịaka setịpụrụ maka nkọwa).

Stack Pointer

A na-eji stack ahụ eme ihe maka ịchekwa data nwa oge, maka ịchekwa mgbanwe mpaghara yana maka ịchekwa adreesị nloghachi ma ọ kwụsịtụrụ na oku subroutine. Ndebanye aha Stack Pointer na-arụtụ aka n'elu nke Stack. Rịba ama na a na-emejuputa Stack ka ọ na-eto site na ebe nchekwa dị elu gaa na ebe nchekwa ala. Nke a na-egosi na iwu Stack PUSH na-ebelata ihe nrịbama Stack.

Stack Pointer na-atụ aka na mpaghara data SRAM Stack ebe Subroutine na nkwụsị Stacks dị. A ga-akọwarịrị oghere Stack a na SRAM data site na mmemme tupu emee oku subbroutine ọ bụla ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụ. A ghaghị ịtọ ntọala Stack ka ọ bụrụ n'elu 0x60. A na-ebelata ihe nrịbama Stack site na otu mgbe ebuba data na Stack site na iji ntuziaka PUSH, a na-ebelata ya site na abụọ mgbe ejiri oku subroutine ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụrụ adreesị nloghachi na Stack. A na-abawanye Stack Pointer site na otu mgbe ewepụtara data site na Stack na ntuziaka POP, ma ọ na-abawanye site na abụọ mgbe ewepụtara data na Stack site na nloghachi site na subroutine RET ma ọ bụ nloghachi site na nkwụsị RETI.

A na-emejuputa AVR Stack Pointer dị ka ndekọ abụọ 8-bit na oghere I/O. Ọnụọgụ nke ibe n'ezie eji na-adabere na mmejuputa iwu. Rịba ama na ohere data na ụfọdụ mmejuputa iwu nke AVR architecture dị ntakịrị na naanị SPL dị mkpa. N'okwu a, ndekọ SPH agaghị adị.

SPH na SPL - ndekọ ndekọ ihe nrịba ama

Bit	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8
0x3E	SP15	SP14	SP13	SP12	SP11	SP10	SP9	SP8	SPH
0x3D	SP7	SP6	SP5	SP4	SP3	SP2	SP1	SP0	SPL
	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
Gụọ/dee	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Gụọ/dee	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND
Uru mbu	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND	RAMEND

Oge mmezu ntuziaka

Akụkụ a na-akọwa echiche oge ohere izugbe maka mmezu nkuzi. Igwe elekere CPU clkCPU na-eduzi AVR CPU, nke sitere na isi mmalite elekere ahọpụtara maka mgbawa. Ọnweghị nkewa elekere ime bụ eji.

Ọgụgụ 4-4 na-egosi ntụzịaka ndị yiri ya na mmegbu nkuzi nke ụlọ ọrụ Harvard na-enye aka na Ndebanye aha ngwa ngwa. File echiche. Nke a bụ isi echiche pipelining iji nweta ihe ruru 1 MIPS kwa MHz yana nsonaazụ pụrụ iche dabara adaba maka ọrụ kwa ọnụ ahịa, ọrụ kwa elekere, yana ọrụ kwa otu ike.

Ọgụgụ 4-5. Ịrụ otu okirikiri ALU

Tọgharia na kwụsịtụ njikwa

AVR na-enye ọtụtụ ebe nkwụsịtụ dị iche iche. Nkwụsị ndị a na Vector Reset dị iche nke ọ bụla nwere Vector Mmemme dị iche na oghere ebe nchekwa mmemme. A na-ekenye nkwụsịtụ niile n'otu n'otu na-enye ohere nke a ga-ederịrị nke ọma yana Global Interrupt Enable bit na ndekọ ọnọdụ iji mee ka nkwụsịtụ ahụ kwụsị.

A kọwapụtara adreesị kacha ala na oghere ebe nchekwa mmemme na ndabara dị ka ihe nrụpụta na nkwụsịtụ. E gosipụtara ndepụta vector zuru ezu na "Nkwụsị" na ibe 48. Ndepụta ahụ na-ekpebikwa ọkwa dị mkpa nke nkwụsịtụ dị iche iche. Adreesị ala nke dị elu bụ ọkwa dị mkpa. RESET nwere ihe kacha mkpa, na nke ọzọ bụ INT0 - Arịrịọ Mpụga Mpụga 0.

Mgbe nkwụsịtụ mere, a na-ekpochapụ Global Interrupt Enable I-bit ma nwee nkwarụ niile. Akụrụngwa onye ọrụ nwere ike ide otu mgbagha na I-bit iji mee ka nkwụsị nke akwụghị ụgwọ. Nkwụsị niile enyere aka nwere ike ịkwụsị usoro nkwụsịtụ ugbu a. A na-edobe I-bit na-akpaghị aka mgbe nloghachi site na ntuziaka nkwụsị - RETI - na-egbu.

Enwere ụdị nkwụsịtụ abụọ n'ụzọ bụ isi. Ụdị nke mbụ na-ebute site na mmemme na-esetịpụ ọkọlọtọ nkwụsị. Maka nkwụsịtụ ndị a, a na-atụgharị Counter Program na Vector nke na-akwụsịtụ n'ezie iji mee usoro njikwa nkwụsịtụ, na ngwaike na-ehichapụ ọkọlọtọ nkwụsịtụ kwekọrọ. Enwere ike ihichapụ ọkọlọtọ nkwụsịtụ site n'ide otu mgbagha n'ọkwa (s) ọkọlọtọ ka ihichapụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ nkwụsịtụ na-eme ka ewepụsịrị ntakịrị ohere nkwụsịtụ kwekọrọ, a ga-edozi ma cheta ya ruo mgbe agbanyere nkwụsịtụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ kpochapụ ọkọlọtọ site na ngwanrọ. N'otu aka ahụ, ọ bụrụ na otu ọnọdụ nkwụsịtụ ma ọ bụ karịa na-eme mgbe Global Interrupt Enable bit na-ehichapụ, a ga-edozi ma cheta ya ruo mgbe Global Interrupt Enable bit ga-edozi, wee mee ya site n'usoro nke mbụ.

Ụdị nkwụsịtụ nke abụọ ga-akpalite ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọnọdụ nkwụsịtụ dị. Nkwụsịtụ ndị a ekwesighi inwe ọkọlọtọ akwụsị akwụsị. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ nkwụsịtụ ga-apụ n'anya tupu enwee ike nkwụsịtụ, agaghị akpalite nkwụsịtụ ahụ.

Mgbe AVR na-apụ na nkwụsịtụ, ọ ga-alaghachi na mmemme bụ isi wee mee otu ntụziaka ọzọ tupu enyefee nkwụsị ọ bụla na-echere.

Rịba ama na anaghị echekwa ndekọ ọnọdụ na-akpaghị aka mgbe ị na-abanye usoro nkwụsịtụ, ma ọ bụ weghachite mgbe ị na-alọta site na nkwụsịtụ. A ghaghị ijikwa nke a site na ngwanrọ.

Mgbe ị na-eji ntuziaka CLI iji gbanyụọ nkwụsịtụ, a ga-enwe nkwarụ ozugbo. Enweghị nkwụsịtụ agaghị eme ka ntụziaka CLI gasịrị, ọ bụrụgodị na ọ na-eme n'otu oge na ntụziaka CLI. Ndị na-esonụ example na-egosi otu a ga-esi jiri nke a zere nkwụsịtụ n'oge oge EEPROM na-ede usoro.

Koodu Mgbakọ Example

na r16, SREG; na-echekwa uru SREG

cli ; gbanyụọ nkwụsịtụ n'oge usoro oge

sbi EECR, EEMPE; malite EEPROM dee

sbi EECR, EEPE

pụta SREG, r16; weghachi uru SREG (I-bit)

Koodu C Example

cha cha cSREG;

cSREG = SREG; /* na-echekwa uru SREG */

/* gbanyụọ nkwụsịtụ n'oge usoro oge */

_CLI ();

EECR | = (1 <

SREG = cSREG; /* weghachi uru SREG (I-bit) */

Mgbe ị na-eji ntuziaka SEI iji mee ka nkwụsịtụ, ntụziaka na-esote SEI ga-eme tupu nkwụsị ọ bụla echere, dị ka egosiri na mbụ a.ample.

Koodu Mgbakọ Example

sei ; tọọ Kwado nkwụsị zuru ụwa ọnụ

ura; banye n'ụra, na-eche nkwụsịtụ

; ndetu: ga-abanye n'ụra tupu ọ bụla echere

; kwusi(s)

Koodu C Example

_SEI (); /* setịpụ nkwụsị zuru ụwa ọnụ Kwado */

_ỤRỤ(); /* banye n'ụra, na-eche nkwụsịtụ */

/* ndetu: ga-abanye n'ụra tupu nkwụsịtụ (s) ọ bụla na-echere */

Oge nzaghachi nkwụsịtụ

Nzaghachi nkwụsị nkwụsị maka nkwụsịtụ AVR niile enyerela aka bụ obere okirikiri elekere anọ. Mgbe okirikiri elekere anọ gachara, a na-eme ihe a na-eme adreesị Vector Program maka usoro njikwa nkwụsịtụ n'ezie. N'ime oge okirikiri elekere anọ a, a na-atụgharị Counter Mmemme na Stack. Vector na-abụkarị ihe mwụli elu na usoro nkwụsịtụ, ịrị elu a na-ewe okirikiri elekere atọ. Ọ bụrụ na nkwụsịtụ emee n'oge mmebe nke nkuzi ọtụtụ okirikiri, ntuziaka a ka emechara tupu etinyere nkwụsịtụ ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nkwụsịtụ emee mgbe MCU nọ na ọnọdụ ụra, oge nzaghachi nkwụsị nkwụsị na-abawanye site na okirikiri elekere anọ. Mmụba a na-abịa na mgbakwunye na oge mmalite site na ọnọdụ ụra ahọpụtara.

Nlaghachi site na usoro njikwa nkwụsịtụ na-ewe okirikiri elekere anọ. N'ime okirikiri elekere anọ a, a na-agbapụta Counter Program (bytes abụọ) site na Stack, a na-agbakwunye stack Pointer site na abụọ, na edobere I-bit na SREG.

Ncheta AVR

Akụkụ a na-akọwa ihe ncheta dị iche iche dị na ATtiny25/45/85. Ihe owuwu AVR nwere oghere ebe nchekwa abụọ, ebe nchekwa data na oghere ebe nchekwa mmemme. Na mgbakwunye, Attiny25/45/85 nwere ebe nchekwa EEPROM maka nchekwa data. Oghere ebe nchekwa atọ niile bụ ahịrị na oge niile.

Ebe nchekwa mmemme Flash na-emegharị n'ime sistemụ

The ATtiny25/45/85 nwere 2/4/8K bytes On-chip In-System Nchekwa Flash reprogrammable maka nchekwa mmemme. Ebe ntuziaka AVR niile dị 16 ma ọ bụ 32 bit n'obosara, a haziri Flash ka 1024/2048/4096 x 16.

Ebe nchekwa Flash nwere ntachi obi opekata mpe 10,000 ide/ehichapụ okirikiri. Ihe ATtiny25/45/85 Mmemme Counter (PC) bụ 10/11/12 bit n'obosara, si otú a na-ekwu okwu ebe 1024/2048/4096 Mmemme ebe nchekwa. " Mmemme Nchekwa- ming” na peeji nke 147 nwere nkọwa zuru ezu na nbudata data Flash site na iji pin SPI.

Enwere ike ikenye tebụl oge niile n'ime oghere adreesị ebe nchekwa mmemme (lee nkọwa ntụziaka ebe nchekwa LPM – Load Program).

Ọgụgụ 5-1. Map ebe nchekwa mmemme

Ebe nchekwa data SRAM

Ọgụgụ 5-2 na-egosi ka esi ahazi Attiny25/45/85 SRAM Memory.

Ebe nchekwa data 224/352/607 dị ala na-edebanye aha ma ndekọ ahụ File, I/O ebe nchekwa na esịtidem data SRAM. Ebe mbụ 32 na-edebanye aha aha File, 64 na-esote ebe ọkọlọtọ I / O ebe nchekwa, na ikpeazụ 128/256/512 ebe na-ekwu banyere esịtidem data SRAM.

Ụdị okwu ise dị iche iche maka mkpuchi nchekwa data: Direct, Indirect with Displacement, Indirect, Indirect with Pre-decrement, na Indirect na Post-crement. Na Ndebanye aha File, na-edebanye aha R26 ruo R31 na-egosipụta ndekọ ndekọ na-ekwu okwu na-apụtaghị ìhè.

Azịza ya ozugbo na-erute ohere data niile.

Ọnọdụ Indirect with Displacement na-erute ebe adreesị 63 site na adreesị ntọala nke Y- ma ọ bụ Z-Registry nyere.

Mgbe ị na-eji ụdị adreesị ozi-e na-edoghị anya na-eji mbelata akpaaka na nkwalite nkwuputa, a na-ebelata ma ọ bụ gbatịkwuo adrees X, Y na Z.

Ihe ndekọ ọrụ ebumnuche izugbe 32, ndebanye aha I/O 64, yana 128/256/512 nke data dị n'ime SRAM dị na Attiny25/45/85 na-enweta ha niile site na ụdị okwu a niile. Ndebanye aha File a kọwara na "Gen- eral Nzube Ndebanye aha File” na peeji nke 10.

Ọgụgụ 5-2. Map ebe nchekwa data

Nweta ebe nchekwa data Oge

Akụkụ a na-akọwa echiche oge ohere izugbe maka ịnweta ebe nchekwa dị n'ime. A na-eme ohere SRAM data dị n'ime na okirikiri clkCPU abụọ dị ka akọwara na ya Ọgụgụ 5-3.

Ọgụgụ 5-3. Cycle Access SRAM Data on-chip Ebe nchekwa data EEPROM

The ATtiny25/45/85 nwere 128/256/512 bytes nke data EEPROM ebe nchekwa. A haziri ya dị ka oghere data dị iche, nke enwere ike ịgụ na dee otu bytes. EEPROM nwere ntachi obi opekata mpe 100,000 ide/ehichapụ okirikiri. A kọwara ohere dị n'etiti EEPROM na CPU n'ime ihe ndị a, na-akọwapụta aha adreesị EEPROM, Ndebanye aha data EEPROM, na ndekọ njikwa EEPROM. Maka nkọwa hụ “Nbudata usoro” na ibe 151.

EEPROM Ịnweta ịgụ/dee

A na-enweta ndị na-edebanye aha ịnweta EEPROM na oghere I/O.

Enyere oge ntinye ederede maka EEPROM Isiokwu 5-1 na ibe 21. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ nke oge onwe ya na-eme ka ngwanrọ onye ọrụ chọpụta mgbe enwere ike dee byte na-esote. Ọ bụrụ na koodu njirimara nwere ntuziaka na-ede EEPROM, a ga-akpachapụ anya ụfọdụ. N'ime ọkụ ọkụ a kpochara nke ukwuu, VCC nwere ike ibili ma ọ bụ daa nwayọọ nwayọọ

Ike elu/ala. Nke a na-eme ka ngwaọrụ ahụ na-agba ọsọ ruo oge ụfọdụ na voltage dị ala karịa akọwapụtara dị ka opekempe maka oge elekere ejiri. Lee “Na-egbochi nrụrụ aka EEPROM” na ibe 19 maka nkọwa gbasara otu esi ezere nsogbu na ọnọdụ ndị a.

Iji gbochie EEPROM na-amaghị ama na-ede, a ga-agbaso usoro ide ihe kpọmkwem. Tụtụ aka na "Atọmk Byte Programming” na ibe 17 na “Split Byte Programming” na ibe 17 maka nkọwa gbasara nke a.

Mgbe a na-agụ EEPROM, a na-akwụsị CPU maka elekere anọ tupu emee ntụziaka ọzọ. Mgbe edere EEPROM, a na-akwụsị CPU maka okirikiri elekere abụọ tupu emee ntụziaka na-esote.

Mmemme Atọmịk Byte

Iji Atomic Byte Programming bụ usoro kachasị mfe. Mgbe ị na-ede byte na EEPROM, onye ọrụ ga-ederịrị adreesị ahụ n'ime ndekọ EEAR yana data n'ime ndekọ EEDR. Ọ bụrụ na ibe EEPMn bụ efu, ide EEPE (n'ime okirikiri anọ ka edechara EEMPE) ga-ebute ọrụ nhichapụ / dee. A na-eme ma usoro mkpochapụ na ide ihe n'otu ọrụ ma ewepụta oge nhazi oge niile Isiokwu 5-1 na ibe 21. A na-edobe ntakịrị EEPE ruo mgbe arụchara ọrụ nhicha na ide. Mgbe ngwaọrụ ahụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmemme, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịme ọrụ EEPROM ọ bụla ọzọ.

Mmemme Byte Kewara

Ọ ga-ekwe omume kewaa ihichapu ma dee okirikiri na arụ ọrụ abụọ dị iche iche. Nke a nwere ike ịba uru ma ọ bụrụ na sistemụ ahụ chọrọ obere ohere ịnweta obere oge (ọ na-abụkarị ma ọ bụrụ na ọkụ ọkụ voltage ada). Ka ị were advan- tage n'ime usoro a, a chọrọ ka ihichapụ ebe ndị a ga-ede ede tupu arụ ọrụ ederede. Ma ebe ọ bụ na ihichapụ na ide ọrụ na-ekewa, ọ ga-ekwe omume na-arụ ọrụ ihicha mgbe usoro na-enye ohere ime oge-dị oké egwu arụmọrụ (na-emekarị mgbe ike-elu).

Hichapụ

Iji ihichapụ byte, a ga-ederịrị adreesị na EEAR. Ọ bụrụ na EEPMn ibe n'ibe bụ 0b01, ide EEPE (n'ime anọ okirikiri mgbe e dechara EEMPE) ga-akpalite ọrụ ihichapụ naanị (nyere oge mmemme na. Tebụl 5-1 na ibe 21). A na-edobe ntakịrị EEPE ruo mgbe ọrụ mkpochapụ ga-agwụ. Mgbe ngwaọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ mmemme, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịme ọrụ EEPROM ọ bụla ọzọ.

Dee

Iji dee ọnọdụ, onye ọrụ ga-ederịrị adreesị n'ime EEAR yana data n'ime EEDR. Ọ bụrụ na ibe EEPMn bụ 0b10, ide EEPE (n'ime okirikiri anọ ka edechara EEMPE) ga-ebute ọrụ ide naanị (a na-enye oge mmemme na Isiokwu 5-1 na ibe 21). A na-edobe ntakịrị EEPE ruo mgbe arụrụ ọrụ ederede ga-agwụ. Ọ bụrụ na ehichapụbeghị ebe a ga-ede ede tupu e dee ya, a ga-ewere data echekwara ka ọ furu efu. Mgbe ngwaọrụ ahụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmemme, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịme ọrụ EEPROM ọ bụla ọzọ.

A na-eji Oscillator calibrated na-ewe oge ịnweta EEPROM. Gbaa mbọ hụ na ugboro Oscillator dị n'ime ihe achọrọ akọwara na ya “OSCCAL – Oscillator Calibration Register” na ibe 31.

Koodu na-esote examples gosi otu mgbakọ na otu ọrụ C maka ihichapu, dee, ma ọ bụ atomic dee nke EEPROM. The examples iche na a na-achịkwa nkwụsịtụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'ịkwụsị nkwụsịtụ n'ụwa nile) ka ọ dịghị nkwụsịtụ ga-eme n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ ndị a.

Koodu Mgbakọ Example

EEPROM_dee:

; Chere maka mmecha nke ederede gara aga

sbic EECR, EEPE

rjmp EEPROM_dee

; Tọọ ụdị mmemme

ldi r16, (0<<EEPM1)|(0<<EEPM0)

nke EECR, r16

; Tọọ adreesị (r18: r17) na aha adreesị

pụọ EEARH, r18

pụọ EEARL, r17

; Dee data (r19) na ndekọ data

pụọ EEDR, r19

; Dee ihe ezi uche dị na ya na EEMPE

sbi EECR, EEMPE

; Malite eeprom dee site na ịtọ EEPE

sbi EECR, EEPE

ret

Koodu C Example

efu EEPROM_write(char ucAddress na-edenyeghị aka, char ucData na-edebanyeghị aha)

{

/* Chere maka mmezu nke ederede gara aga */ mgbe (EECR & (1<

;

/* Tọọ ụdị mmemme */

EECR = (0 <

/* Tọọ adreesị na ndekọ data */ EEAR = ucAddress;

EEDR = ucData;

/* Dee ihe ezi uche dị na ya na EEMPE */

EECR | = (1 <

/* Malite eeprom dee site na ịtọ EEPE */

EECR | = (1 <

}

Koodu na-esote examples show mgbakọ na C ọrụ maka ịgụ EEPROM. The examples iche na a na-achịkwa nkwụsịtụ ka ọ dịghị nkwụsị ga-eme n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ ndị a.

Koodu Mgbakọ Example

EEPROM_gụọ:

; Chere maka mmecha nke ederede gara aga

sbic EECR, EEPE

rjmp EEPROM_agụ

; Tọọ adreesị (r18: r17) na aha adreesị

pụọ EEARH, r18

pụọ EEARL, r17

; Malite ịgụ eeprom site na ide EERE

sbi EECR,EERE

; Gụọ data sitere na ndekọ data

na r16,EEDR

ret

Koodu C Example

Char ucAddress edenyeghị aka na ya EEPROM_read

{

/* Chere ka emecha nke ederede gara aga */

mgbe (EECR & (1<

;

/* Hazie aha adreesị */ EEAR = ucAddress;

/* Malite eeprom gụọ site na ide EERE */

EECR | = (1 <

/* Weghachite data site na ndekọ data */

laghachi EEDR;

}

Na-egbochi nrụrụ aka EEPROM

N'ime oge VCC dị ala, enwere ike imebi data EEPROM n'ihi na ọkọnọ voltage dị oke ala maka CPU na EEPROM ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma. Okwu ndị a bụ otu maka sistemu ọkwa ọkwa bọọdụ na-eji EEPROM, yana otu ihe ngwọta ahụ kwesịrị itinye n'ọrụ.

Enwere ike ime nrụrụ data EEPROM site na ọnọdụ abụọ mgbe voltage dị oke ala. Nke mbụ, usoro ide ihe mgbe niile na EEPROM chọrọ opekempe voltage iji rụọ ọrụ nke ọma. Nke abuo, CPU n'onwe ya nwere ike mebie ntuziaka na-ezighi ezi, ma ọ bụrụ na ọkọnọ voltage dị oke ala.

Enwere ike zere nrụrụ data EEPROM n'ụzọ dị mfe site n'ịgbaso atụmatụ nhazi a:

Debe AVR RESET ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ (dị ala) n'oge oge enweghị ọkụ ọkụ voltage. Enwere ike ime nke a site n'ịkwanye Internal Brown-out Detector (BOD). Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa nchọpụta nke ime BOD adabaghị na

Ọkwa nchọpụta achọrọ, enwere ike iji sekit nchekwa nrụpụta VCC dị ala. Ọ bụrụ na ntọgharị emee mgbe arụ ọrụ ide na-aga n'ihu, a ga-emecha ọrụ ide ma ọ bụrụ na ọkụ ọkụ voltage zuru oke.

Ebe nchekwa I/O

E gosipụtara nkọwa oghere I/O nke ATtiny25/45/85 na “Nchịkọta ndekọ aha” na ibe 200.

All ATtiny25/45/85 I/Os na mpụta ka etinyere na oghere I/O. Enwere ike ịnweta ebe I/O niile site na ntuziaka LD/LDS/LDD na ST/STS/STD, na-ebufe data n'etiti ndebanye aha ọrụ izugbe 32 yana oghere I/O. I/O ndị na-edebanye aha n'ime ebe adreesị 0x00 - 0x1F na-enweta ozugbo site na iji ntuziaka SBI na CBI. N'ime ndekọ ndị a, enwere ike ịlele uru nke otu ibe n'ibe site na iji ntuziaka SBIS na SBIC. Gaa na ngalaba setịpụrụ ntụziaka maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ị na-eji iwu kpọmkwem I/O IN na OUT, a ga-eji adreesị I/O 0x00 – 0x3F mee ihe. Mgbe ị na-agwa ndị na-edeba aha I/O dị ka ohere data site na iji ntuziaka LD na ST, 0x20 ga-agbakwunyere na adreesị ndị a.

Maka ndakọrịta na ngwaọrụ ndị ga-abịa n'ihu, a ga-ede ibe n'ibe edobere na efu ma ọ bụrụ na ịnweta ya. Agaghị ede adreesị I/O echekwara echekwabara.

A na-ekpochapụ ụfọdụ ọkọlọtọ ọnọdụ site n'ịdere ha nke ezi uche dị na ya. Rịba ama na ntuziaka CBI na SBI ga-arụ ọrụ naanị na ntakịrị akọwapụtara, yabụ enwere ike iji ya na ndekọ nwere ụdị ọkọlọtọ ọnọdụ. Ntuziaka CBI na SBI na-arụ ọrụ na ndekọ 0x00 ruo 0x1F naanị.

A kọwara I/O na Peripherals Control Registers na ngalaba ndị ọzọ.

Debanye nkọwa

EEARH – EEPROM ndekọ adreesị

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x1F	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	EEAR8	EEARH
Gụọ/dee	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	X/0

Iberibe 7:1 – Res: Bitts echekwara

Edobere ibe n'ibe ndị a maka ojiji n'ọdịnihu, a ga-agụkwa ya ka efu.

Bits 0 - EEAR8: adreesị EEPROM

Nke a bụ ntakịrị adreesị EEPROM kacha mkpa nke Attiny85. N'ime ngwaọrụ ndị nwere obere EEPROM, ntụgharị Attiny25/ATtiny45, echekwabara bit a ma na-agụ efu mgbe niile. Ọnụ ahịa mbụ nke ndekọ adreesị EEPROM (EEAR) bụ nke a na-akọwaghị, ya mere a ga-ederịrị uru kwesịrị ekwesị tupu abanye na EEPROM.

EARL – Aha adreesị EEPROM

Bit

0x1E	EEAR7	EEAR6	EEAR5	EEAR4	EEAR3	EEAR2	EEAR1	EEAR0	EEARL
N'azụ/Dee	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X

Bit 7 – EEAR7: adreesị EEPROM

Nke a bụ ntakịrị adreesị EEPROM kacha mkpa nke Attiny45. N'ime ngwaọrụ ndị nwere obere EEPROM, ntụgharị Attiny25, echekwabara ntakịrị a, ọ ga-agụkwa efu mgbe niile. Ọnụ ahịa mbụ nke EEPROM Adreesị Ndebanye aha (EEAR) bụ nke a na-akọwaghị, ya mere a ga-ederịrị uru kwesịrị ekwesị tupu abanye na EEPROM.

Iberibe 6:0 - EEAR[6:0]: Adreesị EEPROM

Ndị a bụ ntakịrị (dị ala) nke ndekọ adreesị EEPROM. A na-agwa ndị bytes data EEPROM n'usoro n'usoro 0…(128/256/512-1). Akọwapụtaghị uru mbụ nke EEAR yana uru kwesịrị ekwesị ga-ederịrị tupu enwee ike ịnweta EEPROM.

EEDR - Ndebanye aha data EEPROM

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x1D	EEDR7	EEDR6	EEDR5	EEDR4	EEDR3	EEDR2	EEDR1	EEDR0	EEDR
Gụọ/dee	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Maka ọrụ ide EEPROM, ndebanye aha EEDR nwere data a ga-ede na EEPROM n'adreesị nke ndebanye aha EEAR nyere. Maka ọrụ ọgụgụ EEPROM, EEDR nwere data agụpụtara na ya

EEPROM na adreesị nke EEAR nyere. 5.5.4 EECR - Ndebanye aha njikwa EEPROM
Bit 7 6			4	3	2	1	0
0C –	–	EEPM1	EEPM0	EERIE	EEMPE	EEPE	EERE	EECR
Gụọ/Dee R R R/W			R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Ọnụ ahịa mbụ 0 0 X			X	0	0	X	0

Bit 7 – Res: echekwabara Bit

Edobere bit a maka ojiji n'ọdịnihu, ọ ga-agụkwa ya ka 0 na ATtiny25/45/85. Maka ndakọrịta na ngwaọrụ AVR n'ọdịnihu, dee ntakịrị ihe a mgbe niile ka ọ bụrụ efu. Mgbe ị gụchara, kpuchie ntakịrị ihe a.

Bit 6 – Res: echekwabara Bit

Edobere bit a na ATtiny25/45/85 ma na-agụ ya mgbe niile ka efu.

Iberibe 5:4 - EEPM[1:0]: Ụdị ihe mmemme EEPROM

Usoro ihe omume EEPROM na-akọwapụta mmemme mmemme nke a ga-akpalite mgbe ị na-ede EEPE. Ọ ga-ekwe omume ịhazi data n'otu ọrụ atomic (ihichapụ uru ochie na mmemme ọhụrụ uru) ma ọ bụ kewaa Nhichapụ na Dee ọrụ na ọrụ abụọ dị iche iche. Oge mmemme maka ụdịdị dị iche iche ka egosiri na Tebụl 5-1. Ka edobere EEPE, a ga-eleghara akwụkwọ edegara EEPMn anya. N'oge ntọgharị, a ga-atọgharị ibe n'ibe EEPMn ka ọ bụrụ 0b00 ọ gwụla ma EEPROM anaghị arụ ọrụ mmemme.

Isiokwu 5-1. Ụdị EEPROM Bits

EEPM1	EEPM0	Oge mmemme	Ọrụ
0	0	3.4 ms	Hichapụ ma dee n'otu ọrụ (Atomic Operation)
0	1	1.8 ms	kpochapu naanị
1	0	1.8 ms	Dee Naanị
1	1	–	Echekwara maka ojiji n'ọdịnihu

Bit 3 – EERIE: EEPROM Njikere nkwụsịtụ Kwado

Idere EERIE na otu na-enyere EEPROM Njikere Nkwụsị ma ọ bụrụ na edobere I-bit na SREG. Ide EERIE ka ọ bụrụ efu na-eme ka nkwụsịtụ ahụ kwụsị. The EEPROM Ready Interrupt na-ebute nkwụsịtụ mgbe niile mgbe ebe nchekwa na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe dị njikere maka mmemme.

Bit 2 - EEMPE: EEPROM Master Mmemme Kwado

Obere EEMPE na-ekpebi ma ide EEPE na otu ga-enwe mmetụta ma ọ bụ na ọ gaghị enwe.

Mgbe edobere EEMPE, ịtọ ntọala EEPE n'ime okirikiri elekere anọ ga-ahazi EEPROM na adreesị ahọpụtara. Ọ bụrụ na EEMPE bụ efu, ịtọ EEPE agaghị enwe mmetụta. Mgbe EEMPE jiri sọftụwia degara otu, ngwaike na-ekpochapụ ntakịrị ka ọ bụrụ efu ka okirikiri elekere anọ gachara.

Bit 1 - EEPE: Mmemme EEPROM Kwado

Mmemme EEPROM Kwado Signal EEPE bụ mmemme na-enyere aka mgbama na EEPROM. Mgbe edere EEPE, a ga-ahazi EEPROM dịka ntọala EEPMn si dị. A ga-ederịrị ntakịrị EEMPE n'aka onye tupu edee nke ezi uche na EEPE, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ dịghị akwụkwọ EEPROM agaghị eme. Mgbe oge ntinye ederede gafere, ntakịrị EEPE na-ehichapụ site na ngwaike. Mgbe edobere EEPE, a na-akwụsị CPU maka okirikiri abụọ tupu emee ntuziaka ọzọ.

Bit 0 – EERE: EEPROM Gụọ Kwado

Agụ EEPROM Kwado akara ngosi – EERE – bụ strobe na-agụ na EEPROM. Mgbe edobere adreesị ziri ezi na ndekọ EEAR, a ga-ederịrị ntakịrị EERE n'aka onye iji kpalite ịgụ EEPROM. Ịnweta ọgụgụ EEPROM na-ewe otu ntụziaka, ma data achọrọ dị ozugbo. Mgbe a na-agụ EEPROM, a na-akwụsị CPU maka okirikiri anọ tupu emee ntụziaka ọzọ. Onye ọrụ kwesịrị ịme ntuli aka ntakịrị EEPE tupu ịmalite ọrụ ọgụgụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ide na-aga n'ihu, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịgụ EEPROM, ma ọ bụ gbanwee EEAR Register.

Nhọrọ elekere na elekere sistemụ

Sistemụ elekere na nkesa ha

CPU Elekere

A na-ebugharị elekere CPU gaa n'akụkụ akụkụ nke sistemụ metụtara ọrụ nke isi AVR. ỌpụampN'ime ụdịdị ndị a bụ ndebanye aha ebumnuche izugbe File, Ọnọdụ ndekọ na ebe nchekwa data na-ejide ihe nrịbama stack. Ịkwụsị elekere CPU na-egbochi isi n'ịrụ ọrụ n'ozuzu yana ngụkọ.

Elekere I/O – clkI/O

Ọtụtụ n'ime modul I/O na-eji elekere I/O, dị ka Timer/Counter. A na-ejikwa elekere I/O site na modul Interrupt External, mana rịba ama na a na-achọpụta ụfọdụ nkwụsị nke mpụga site na mgbagha asynchronous, na-enye ohere ka achọpụta nkwụsị dị otú ahụ ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na akwụsịla elekere I/O.

Elekere Flash - clkFLASH

Elekere Flash na-achịkwa ọrụ nke interface Flash. Elekere Flash na-arụ ọrụ n'otu oge yana elekere CPU.

ADC elekere - clkADC

Enyere ADC na ngalaba elekere raara onwe ya nye. Nke a na-enye ohere ịkwụsị elekere CPU na I/O iji belata mkpọtụ sekit igwe dijitalụ na-emepụta. Nke a na-enye nsonaazụ ntụgharị ADC ziri ezi karịa.

PLL dị n'ime maka ọgbọ elekere elekere ngwa ngwa - clkPCK

PLL dị n'ime na Attiny25/45/85 na-ewepụta oge elekere nke 8x mụbara site na ntinye isi mmalite. Site na ndabara, PLL na-eji mmepụta nke ime, 8.0 MHz RC oscillator dị ka isi iyi. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na edobere bit LSM nke PLLCSR, PLL ga-eji mmepụta nke RC oscillator kewara abụọ. Ya mere, mmepụta nke PLL, elekere ngwa ngwa bụ 64 MHz. Enwere ike ịhọrọ elekere dị n'akụkụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụ elekere echekwabara na nke ahụ, dị ka ebe elekere maka ngụ oge/Counter1 ma ọ bụ dị ka elekere sistemụ. Lee Ọgụgụ 6-2. A na-ekewa oge elekere ngwa ngwa n'akụkụ abụọ mgbe edobere LSM nke PLLCSR, na-ebute ugboro elekere nke 32 MHz. Mara, na enweghị ike ịtọ LSM ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri PLLCLK dị ka elekere sistemụ.

Ọgụgụ 6-2. Sistemụ emechi PCK.

A na-akpọchi PLL na RC oscillator na ịhazigharị oscillator RC site na ndekọ OSCCAL ga-edozi elekere ngwa ngwa n'otu oge ahụ. Agbanyeghị, ọbụlagodi na a na-ebuga oscillator RC n'ogo dị elu karịa 8 MHz, elekere elekere ngwa ngwa na-ejupụta na 85 MHz (ikpe kachasị njọ) ma na-anọgide na-emegharị n'oge kachasị. Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na PLL n'okwu a, ejighi elekere oscillator RC kpọchie ọzọ. Ya mere, a na-atụ aro ka ị ghara ime mgbanwe OSCCAL na ugboro dị elu karịa 8 MHz iji mee ka PLL dị n'usoro ọrụ ziri ezi.

Agbanyere ime PLL mgbe:

Edebere ntakịrị PLLE dị na ndebanye aha PLLCSR.

Edebere fuse CKSEL ka ọ bụrụ '0001'.

Edebere fuse CKSEL ka ọ bụrụ '0011'.

A na-edozi ntakịrị PLOCK PLLCSR mgbe akpọchiri PLL. Ma esịtidem RC oscillator na PLL na agbanyụrụ na ike ala na njikere-na ụdị ụra.

PLL ime n'ụdị ndakọrịta ATtiny15

Ebe ATtiny25/45/85 bụ ngwaọrụ mbugharị maka ndị ọrụ ATtiny15 enwere ụdị ndakọrịta ATtiny15 maka ndakọrịta azụ. A na-ahọrọ ụdị ndakọrịta ATtiny15 site na ịhazi CKSEL fuses na '0011'.

N'ụdị ndakọrịta ATtiny15, a na-ahazi ugboro nke oscillator ime RC ruo 6.4 MHz na ihe ntinye nke PLL ka edobere na 4x. Lee Ọgụgụ 6-3. Site na mgbanwe ndị a, sistemu clocking bụ ATtiny15 dakọtara yana elekere ngwa ngwa nke na-esi na ya pụta nwere ugboro 25.6 MHz (dịka na ATtiny15).

Ọgụgụ 6-3. Sistemụ mkpuchi PCK na ọnọdụ ndakọrịta ATtiny15.

Isi mmalite elekere

Ngwaọrụ nwere nhọrọ isi mmalite elekere, nke nwere ike họrọ site na Flash Fuse bits dị ka egosiri n'okpuru. A na-etinye elekere sitere na isi iyi ahọpụtara na generator elekere AVR, wee bufee ya na modul dabara adaba.

Isiokwu 6-1. Nhọrọ mkpuchi ngwaọrụ Họrọ

Nhọrọ imechi ngwaọrụ	CKSEL [3:0](1)
Elekere mpụga (lee ibe 26)	0000
Oge elekere PLL dị elu (lee ibe 26)	0001
Oscillator nke ime ime calibrated (lee ibe 27)	0010(2)
Oscillator nke ime ime calibrated (lee ibe 27)	0011(3)
Oscillator 128 kHz dị n'ime (lee ibe 28)	0100
Crystal Oscillator dị obere ugboro (lee ibe 29)	0110
Crystal Oscillator / Ceramic Resonator (lee ibe 29)	1000-1111
Echekwara	0101, 0111

N'ihi na ihe niile fuses "1" pụtara unprogrammed mgbe "0" pụtara emebere.

A na-ebufe ngwaọrụ ahụ na nhọrọ a ahọpụtara.

Nke a ga-ahọrọ ọnọdụ ndakọrịta ATtiny15, ebe elekere sistemụ kewara anọ, na-ebute ugboro elekere 1.6 MHz. Maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ, lee “Calibrated Internal Oscillator” na ibe 27.

Enyere nhọrọ dị iche iche maka nhọrọ clocking ọ bụla na ngalaba ndị a. Mgbe CPU na-eteta na Power-down, a na-eji isi iyi elekere ahọpụtara maka mmalite mmalite, na-ahụ na ọrụ Oscillator kwụsiri ike tupu mmalite ntuziaka. Mgbe CPU na-amalite site na nrụpụta, a na-enwekwu igbu oge na-enye ohere ka ike ruo ọkwa kwụsiri ike tupu ịmalite ọrụ nkịtị. A na-eji Oscillator Watchdog maka ịhazi oge nke oge mmalite nke oge mmalite. A na-egosi ọnụọgụ nke WDT Oscillator cycles maka oge ọ bụla Tebụl 6-2.

Isiokwu 6-2. Ọnụọgụ nke Cycle Oscillator Watchdog

Tinye oge nkwụsị	Ọnụọgụ nke okirikiri
4 ms	512
64 ms	8K (8,192)

Elekere mpụga

Iji chụpụ ngwaọrụ ahụ site na isi mmalite elekere, CLKI kwesịrị ịnya ya dị ka egosiri na Ọgụgụ 6-4. Iji mee ngwaọrụ ahụ na elekere mpụga, CKSEL Fuses ga-emerịrị ka ọ bụrụ “00”.

Ọgụgụ 6-4. Nhazi mbanye elekere mpụga

Mgbe ahọpụtara isi iyi elekere a, SUT Fuses na-ekpebi oge mmalite dịka egosiri na Tebụl 6-3.

Isiokwu 6-3. Oge mmalite maka nhọrọ elekere mpụga

SUT[1:0]	Oge mmalite site na mgbada	Ọgbụgba oge agbakwunyere site na Tọgharia	akwadoro ojiji
00	6 CK	14KK	Agbanyere BOD
01	6 CK	14CK + 4 ms	Ike na-ebili ngwa ngwa
10	6 CK	14CK + 64 ms	Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili ike
11	Echekwara

Mgbe ị na-etinye elekere mpụga, a chọrọ ka ọ zere mgbanwe mberede na ugboro elekere etinyere iji hụ na arụ ọrụ MCU kwụsiri ike. Mgbanwe na ugboro karịa 2% site na otu okirikiri elekere gaa na nke ọzọ nwere ike ibute omume enweghị atụ. A choro iji hụ na edobere MCU na Tọgharia n'oge mgbanwe dị otú ahụ na ugboro elekere.

Rịba ama na enwere ike iji Presale Sistemu mejuputa mgbanwe oge na-agba ọsọ nke ugboro elekere dị n'ime ma ka na-ahụ na ọrụ kwụsiri ike. Tụtụ aka na "System Clock Prescaler" na ibe 31 maka nkọwa.

Oge elekere PLL dị elu

Enwere PLL dị n'ime nke na-enye ọnụ ọgụgụ elekere 64 MHz akpọchiri akpọchi na RC Oscillator maka iji Peripheral Timer/Counter1 yana maka isi mmalite elekere. Mgbe ahọpụtara ya dị ka isi mmalite elekere sistemụ, site na ime mmemme CKSEL dabara na '0001', a na-ekewa ya site na anọ dị ka egosiri na. Tebụl 6-4.

Isiokwu 6-4. Ụdị ọrụ elekere PLL dị elu

CKSEL [3:0]	Elu ọnụ Frequency
0001	16 MHz

Mgbe ahọpụtara isi iyi elekere a, oge mmalite na-ekpebi site na fuses SUT dị ka egosiri na Tebụl 6-5.

Isiokwu 6-5. Oge mmalite maka elekere PLL dị elu

SUT[1:0]	Oge mmalite site na Power Down	Ọgbụgbọ agbakwunyere site na nrụpụta ike-na (VCC = 5.0V)	akwadoro ojiji
00	14CK + 1K (1024) CK + 4 ms	4 ms	Agbanyere BOD

Isiokwu 6-5. Oge mmalite maka elekere PLL dị elu

SUT[1:0]	Oge mmalite site na Power Down	Ọgbụgbọ agbakwunyere site na nrụpụta ike-na (VCC = 5.0V)	akwadoro ojiji
01	14CK + 16K (16384) CK + 4 ms	4 ms	Ike na-ebili ngwa ngwa
10	14CK + 1K (1024) CK + 64 ms	4 ms	Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili ike
11	14CK + 16K (16384) CK + 64 ms	4 ms	Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili ike

Oscillator nke ime ime calibrated

Na ndabara, Internal RC Oscillator na-enye ihe ruru 8.0 MHz elekere. Agbanyeghị voltage na dabere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, onye ọrụ nwere ike ịhazi elekere a nke ọma. Lee “Clibrated Internal RC Oscillator Accu- racy" na ibe 164 na “Ọsọ Oscillator Ime Ime” na ibe 192 maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ. Ejiri CKDIV8 Fuse akwadoro ebu ngwaọrụ a. Lee "System Clock Prescaler" na ibe 31 maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ.

Enwere ike ịhọrọ elekere a dị ka elekere sistemụ site na ịhazi CKSEL Fuses dị ka egosiri na Isiokwu 6-6 na ibe

27. Ọ bụrụ na ahọpụtara ya, ọ ga-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị ihe mpụga. N'oge ntọgharị, ngwaike na-ebu ọnụ ahịa mmezi emebere mbụ n'ime Ndebanye aha OSCCAL wee si otú a na-emegharị RC Oscillator na-akpaghị aka. Egosiri izi ezi nke nzizi nke a dị ka nhazi ụlọ ọrụ n'ime Isiokwu 21-2 na ibe 164.

Site na ịgbanwe aha OSCCAL site na SW, lee “OSCCAL – Oscillator Calibration Register” na ibe 31, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịnweta nhazi nhazi dị elu karịa site na iji nhazi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Egosiri izi ezi nke nzizi nke a ka nhazi onye ọrụ na-abanye Isiokwu 21-2 na ibe 164.

Mgbe ejiri Oscillator a dị ka elekere mgbawa, Watchdog Oscillator ka ga-eji maka ngụ oge nche yana maka ntọgharị oge. Maka ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara uru mmezi emebere tupu emebere, hụ ngalaba "Cali- bration Bytes” na ibe 150.

Enwere ike ịtọ oscillator ime ka ọ nye elekere 6.4 MHz site na ide CKSEL fuses na "0011", dị ka egosiri na Tebụl 6-6 n'okpuru. A na-ezo ntọala a ka ọnọdụ ndakọrịta ATtiny15 ma e bu n'obi weta isi iyi elekere na 6.4 MHz, dịka ọ dị na Attiny15. Na Ụdị ndakọrịta ATtiny15, PLL na-eji oscillator ime na-agba ọsọ na 6.4 MHz iji mepụta akara elekere 25.6 MHz maka Timer/Counter1 (lee. “8-bit ngụ oge/Counter1 in ATtiny15 Mode” na ibe 95). Rịba ama na n'ụdị ọrụ a, a na-ekewa akara elekere 6.4 MHz mgbe niile site na anọ, na-enye elekere usoro 1.6 MHz.

Isiokwu 6-6. Ụdịdị arụ ọrụ RC Oscillator dị n'ime

CKSEL [3:0]	Elu ọnụ Frequency
0010(1)	8.0 MHz
0011(2)	6.4 MHz

A na-ebufe ngwaọrụ ahụ na nhọrọ a ahọpụtara.

Ntọala a ga-ahọrọ Ụdị ndakọrịta ATtiny15, ebe a na-ekewa elekere sistemụ site na anọ, na-ebute ugboro elekere 1.6 MHz.

Mgbe ahọpụtara oscillator ime 8 MHz nke calibrated dị ka elekere elekere, SUT Fuses na-ekpebi oge mmalite dị ka egosiri na. Tebụl 6-7 n'okpuru.

Isiokwu 6-7. Oge mmalite maka elekere oscillator RC nke ime Calibrated

SUT[1:0]	Oge mmalite site na mgbada	agbakwunyere igbu oge site na nrụpụta (VCC = 5.0V)	akwadoro ojiji
00	6 CK	14KK(1)	Agbanyere BOD
01	6 CK	14CK + 4 ms	Ike na-ebili ngwa ngwa
10(2)	6 CK	14CK + 64 ms	Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili ike
11	Echekwara

1. Ọ bụrụ na emebere fuse RTDISBL, oge mmalite a ga-abawanye ruo 14CK + 4 ms iji hụ na enwere ike itinye ọnọdụ mmemme.
2. A na-ebufe ngwaọrụ ahụ na nhọrọ a ahọpụtara.

N'ụdị ndakọrịta ATtiny15 na-ekpebi oge mmalite site na fuses SUT dị ka egosiri na Tebụl 6-8 n'okpuru.

Isiokwu 6-8. Oge mmalite maka elekere RC Oscillator Calibrated nke ime (na ọnọdụ ATtiny15)

SUT[1:0]	Oge mmalite site na mgbada	agbakwunyere igbu oge site na nrụpụta (VCC = 5.0V)	akwadoro ojiji
00	6 CK	14CK + 64 ms
01	6 CK	14CK + 64 ms
10	6 CK	14CK + 4 ms
11	1 CK	14KK(1)

Mara: Ọ bụrụ na emebere fuse RTDISBL, oge mmalite a ga-abawanye ruo 14CK + 4 ms iji hụ na enwere ike itinye ọnọdụ mmemme.

Na nchịkọta, enwere ike ịhụ ozi ndị ọzọ na ọnọdụ ndakọrịta ATtiny15 na ngalaba "Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri B (PB5:PB0)" na ibe 2, “PLL nke ime n’ụdị ndakọrịta ATtiny15” na ibe 24, "Ngụ oge 8-bit / Counter1 na ọnọdụ ATtiny15" na ibe 95, “Mbelata nke debugWIRE” na ibe 140, “Bytes calibration” na ibe 150 na na tebụl "Clock Prescaler Họrọ” na ibe 33.

Oscillator 128 kHz dị n'ime

Oscillator ime 128 kHz bụ Oscillator dị ala na-enye elekere 128 kHz. Ugboro ugboro bụ ọnụ na 3V na 25 Celsius. Enwere ike ịhọrọ elekere a dị ka elekere sistemụ site na ịhazi CKSEL Fuses na "0100".

Mgbe ahọpụtara isi iyi elekere a, SUT Fuses na-ekpebi oge mmalite dịka egosiri na Tebụl 6-9.

Isiokwu 6-9. Oge mmalite maka 128 kHz Internal Oscillator

SUT[1:0]	Oge mmalite site na mgbada	Ọgbụgba oge agbakwunyere site na Tọgharia	akwadoro ojiji
00	6 CK	14KK(1)	Agbanyere BOD
01	6 CK	14CK + 4 ms	Ike na-ebili ngwa ngwa
10	6 CK	14CK + 64 ms	Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili ike
11	Echekwara

Mara: Ọ bụrụ na emebere fuse RTDISBL, oge mmalite a ga-abawanye ruo 14CK + 4 ms iji hụ na enwere ike itinye ọnọdụ mmemme.

Crystal Oscillator dị obere ugboro

Iji jiri kristal elekere 32.768 kHz dị ka ebe elekere maka ngwaọrụ a, a ga-ahọrọ Crystal Oscillator dị ala site na ịtọ CKSEL fuses na '0110'. Ekwesịrị ijikọ kristal dị ka egosiri na Ọgụgụ 6-5. Iji chọta ikike ibu dabara adaba maka 32.768 kHz crysal, biko kpọtụrụ akwụkwọ data onye nrụpụta.

Mgbe ahọpụtara oscillator a, fuses SUT na-ekpebi oge mmalite dịka egosiri na Tebụl 6-10.

Isiokwu 6-10. Oge mmalite maka nhọrọ elekere Crystal Oscillator dị ala

SUT[1:0]	Oge mmalite site na Power Down	agbakwunyere igbu oge site na nrụpụta (VCC = 5.0V)	akwadoro ojiji
00	1K (1024) CK(1)	4 ms	Ike na-ebili ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ BOD nyeere
01	1K (1024) CK(1)	64 ms	Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili ike
10	32K (32768) CK	64 ms	Ugboro kwụsiri ike na mmalite
11	Echekwara

Mara: Ekwesịrị iji nhọrọ ndị a naanị ma ọ bụrụ na nkwụsi ike ugboro ugboro na mmalite adịghị mkpa.

Crystal Oscillator dị ala na-enye ikike ibu dị n'ime, lee Tebụl 6-11 na ntụtụ TOSC ọ bụla.

Isiokwu 6-11. Ikike nke Crystal Oscillator dị obere ugboro

Ngwaọrụ	32 kHz osc. Ụdị	Okpu (Xtal1/Tosc1)	Okpu (Xtal2/Tosc2)
ATtiny25/45/85	Sistemụ Osc.	16pf	6pf

Crystal Oscillator / Ceramic Resonator

XTAL1 na XTAL2 bụ ntinye na mmepụta, n'otu n'otu, nke ntụgharị amplifier nke enwere ike ịhazi maka ojiji dị ka On-chip Oscillator, dị ka egosiri na Ọgụgụ 6-5. Enwere ike iji kristal quartz ma ọ bụ seramiiki resonator.

C1 na C2 kwesịrị ịdị nhata mgbe niile maka kristal na resonators. Uru kacha mma nke capacitors na-adabere na kristal ma ọ bụ resonator a na-eji, oke ikike akpafu, na mkpọtụ electromagnetic nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Enyere ụfọdụ ntuziaka mbụ maka ịhọrọ capacitors maka iji kristal mee ihe Tebụl 6-12 n'okpuru. Maka resonators seramiiki, a ga-eji ụkpụrụ capacitor nyere onye nrụpụta.

Isiokwu 6-12. Crystal Oscillator Ụdị arụ ọrụ

CKSEL [3:1]	Ogologo oge (MHz)	Oke akwadoro maka Capacitors C1 na C2 maka iji ya na kristal (pF)
100(1)	0.4-0.9	–
101	0.9-3.0	12-22
110	3.0-8.0	12-22
111	8.0 -	12-22

Ihe edeturu: E kwesịghị iji nhọrọ a mee ihe na kristal, naanị na seramiiki resonators.

Oscillator nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ụdị atọ dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla akwadoro maka oke ugboro ole. A na-ahọrọ ụdị ọrụ ahụ site na fuses CKSEL[3:1] dị ka egosiri na Tebụl 6-12.

The CKSEL0 Fuse yana SUT[1:0] Fuses họrọ oge mmalite dị ka egosiri na Tebụl 6-13.

Isiokwu 6-13. Oge mmalite maka nhọrọ elekere Crystal Oscillator

CKSEL0	SUT[1:0]	Oge mmalite site na mgbada	Ọgbụgba oge agbakwunyere site na Tọgharia	akwadoro ojiji
0	00	258 CK(1)	14CK + 4 ms	Ceramic resonator, ike na-ebili ngwa ngwa
0	01	258 CK(1)	14CK + 64 ms	Ceramic resonator, ike ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili
0	10	1K (1024) CK(2)	14KK	Seramiiki resonator, agbanyere BOD
0	11	1K (1024) CK(2)	14CK + 4 ms	Ceramic resonator, ike na-ebili ngwa ngwa
1	00	1K (1024) CK(2)	14CK + 64 ms	Ceramic resonator, ike ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili
1	01	16K (16384) CK	14KK	Crystal Oscillator, agbanyere BOD
1	10	16K (16384) CK	14CK + 4 ms	Crystal Oscillator, ike na-ebili ngwa ngwa
1	11	16K (16384) CK	14CK + 64 ms	Crystal Oscillator, ike ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili

Ihe ndetu

Ekwesịrị iji nhọrọ ndị a naanị mgbe ọ naghị arụ ọrụ nso n'ogo kachasị nke ngwaọrụ ahụ, yana naanị ma ọ bụrụ nkwụsi ike ugboro ugboro na mmalite adịghị mkpa maka ngwa ahụ. Nhọrọ ndị a adịghị mma maka kristal.

Ezubere nhọrọ ndị a maka iji seramiiki resonators ma ga-eme ka nkwụsi ike ugboro ugboro na mmalite. Enwere ike iji ha na kristal mgbe ọ naghị arụ ọrụ nso n'ogo kachasị nke ngwaọrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na nkwụsi ike ugboro na mmalite adịghị mkpa maka ngwa ahụ.

Isi mmalite elekere

Ejiri CKSEL = "0010", SUT = "10", na CKDIV8 na-ebufe ngwaọrụ ahụ. Ntọala isi mmalite elekere ndabara bụ Internal RC Oscillator na-agba ọsọ na 8 MHz nwere oge mmalite kachasị ogologo yana nhazi elekere sistemụ mbụ nke 8, na-ebute elekere sistemụ 1.0 MHz. Ntọala ndabara a na-eme ka o doo anya na ndị ọrụ niile nwere ike ime ntọala ntọala elekere ha chọrọ site na iji In-System ma ọ bụ High-voltage Programmer.

Sistemu elekere Prescaler

Enwere ike kewaa elekere sistemụ ATtiny25/45/85 site na ịtọ ntọala “CLKPR – Ndebanye aha prescale elekere” na ibe 32. Enwere ike iji njirimara a belata oriri ike mgbe ihe achọrọ maka ike nhazi dị ala. Enwere ike iji nke a na nhọrọ isi mmalite elekere niile, ọ ga-emetụta ugboro elekere nke CPU yana ihe niile na-emekọrịta ihe. clkI/O, clkADC, clkCPU, na clkFLASH bụ ihe na-ekewa dịka egosiri na Isiokwu 6-15 na ibe 33.

Oge mgbanwe

Mgbe ị na-agbanwe n'etiti ntọala prescaler, Sistemụ Clock Prescaler na-achọpụta na ọ nweghị glitches na-eme na sistemụ elekere yana na ọ nweghị oge etiti dị elu karịa ma ọ bụ ugboro elekere dabara na ntọala gara aga, ma ọ bụ ugboro elekere dabara na ntọala ọhụrụ ahụ.

Ihe nrịbama nke na-arụ ọrụ prescaler na-agba ọsọ n'ogo elekere na-ekewaghị ekewa, nke nwere ike ịdị ngwa karịa ugboro elekere CPU. N'ihi ya, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịchọpụta ọnọdụ nke prescaler - ọ bụrụgodị na ọ nwere ike ịgụ ya, na oge ọ ga-ewe iji gbanwee site na otu elekere gaa na nke ọzọ enweghị ike ịkọ kpọmkwem.

Site na oge edere ụkpụrụ CLKPS, ọ na-ewe n'etiti T1 + T2 na T1 + 2*T2 tupu oge elekere ọhụrụ arụ ọrụ. N'ime oge a, a na-emepụta akụkụ elekere abụọ na-arụ ọrụ. N'ebe a, T2 bụ oge elekere gara aga, na T1 bụ oge kwekọrọ na ntọala prescaler ọhụrụ.

Ihe nchekwa ihe nrụpụta elekere

Ngwaọrụ nwere ike wepụta elekere sistemụ na pin CLKO (mgbe ejighi ya dị ka pin XTAL2). Iji mee ka mmepụta ahụ pụta, ekwesịrị ịhazi CKOUT Fuse. Ọnọdụ a dabara adaba mgbe ejiri elekere mgbawa na-ebugharị sekit ndị ọzọ na sistemụ. Rịba ama na elekere agaghị arụpụta n'oge nrụpụta yana na arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke pin I/O ga-emeri mgbe emebere fuse. Enwere ike ịhọrọ ime RC Oscillator, WDT Oscillator, PLL, na elekere mpụga (CLKI) mgbe ewepụta elekere na CLKO. Enweghị ike iji oscillator kristal (XTAL1, XTAL2) maka mmepụta elekere na CLKO. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri Prescaler Clock System, ọ bụ elekere sistemụ kewara ka a na-arụpụta.

Debanye nkọwa

OSCCAL – Oscillator calibration ndekọ

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x31	CAL7	CAL6	CAL5	CAL4	CAL3	CAL2	CAL1	CAL0	OSCCAL
Gụọ/dee	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W

Bits 7:0 - CAL[7:0]: Uru Oscillator Calibration

A na-eji ndekọ Calibration Oscillator ewepụtụ Calibrated Internal RC Oscillator iji wepụ usoro dị iche iche na ugboro oscillator. A na-edenye uru nzizi nke emeziri tupu oge eruo na ndebanye aha a n'oge nrụgharị mgbawa, na-enye oge nhazi nke ụlọ ọrụ dịka akọwapụtara na ya. Isiokwu 21-2 na ibe 164. Ngwa ngwa nwere ike ide ndekọ a ka ịgbanwee ugboro oscillator. Enwere ike ịhazi oscillator ka ọ bụrụ ugboro dị ka akọwapụtara na ya Isiokwu 21-2 na ibe 164. Ejikwaghị n'ezie nhazi n'èzí ahụ.

Rịba ama na a na-eji oscillator a na-eji oge EEPROM na Flash dee ohere, na oge ederede ga-emetụta ya. Ọ bụrụ na edere EEPROM ma ọ bụ Flash, emela ka ọ dịkwuo karịa 8.8 MHz. Ma ọ bụghị ya, EEPROM ma ọ bụ Flash dee nwere ike ịda.

Obere CAL7 na-ekpebi oke ọrụ maka oscillator. Ịtọtịpụ ntakịrị a ka ọ bụrụ 0 na-enye oke ugboro kacha ala, ịtọọ ntakịrị a ka ọ bụrụ 1 na-enye oke ugboro kachasị elu. Ugboro ugboro abụọ a na-ejikọta ọnụ, ya bụ, ntọala OSCCAL = 0x7F na-enye ugboro dị elu karịa OSCCAL = 0x80.

A na-eji bits CAL[6:0] na-emegharị ugboro ole n'ime oke ahọpụtara. Ntọala 0x00 na-enye oge kachasị dị ala na oke ahụ, na ntọala 0x7F na-enye ugboro kachasị elu na nso.

Iji hụ na ịrụ ọrụ kwụsiri ike nke MCU kwesịrị ịgbanwe uru mmezi ya na obere. Mgbanwe na ugboro karịa 2% site na otu okirikiri gaa na nke ọzọ nwere ike iduga omume enweghị atụ. Mgbanwe na OSCCAL ekwesịghị ịfe 0x20 maka nhazi ọ bụla. A choro iji hụ na edobere MCU na Tọgharia n'oge mgbanwe dị otú ahụ na ugboro elekere

Isiokwu 6-14. Ogologo Oge Oscillator Ime RC

Uru OSCCAL	Ugboro ole kacha ala na nkwanye ugwu maka ugboro ole aha	Ugboro kacha kacha elu na nkwanye ugwu maka ugboro ole aha
0x00	50%	100%
0x3F	75%	150%
0x7F	100%	200%

CLKPR – Ndebanye aha prescale elekere

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x26	CLKPCE	–	–	–	CLKPS3	CLKPS2	CLKPS1	CLKPS0	CLKPR
Gụọ/dee	R/W	R	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W

Uru mbu 0 0 0 0 Lee Nkọwa Bit

Bit 7 - CLKPCE: Gbanwee Prescaler elekere

A ga-ederịrị ntakịrị CLKPCE ka ọ bụrụ ezi uche iji mee ka mgbanwe nke ibe CLKPS. A na-emelite ntakịrị CLKPCE naanị mgbe edere ibe ndị ọzọ na CLKPR n'otu oge na efu. A na-ehichapụ CLKPCE site na ngwaike okirikiri anọ ka edechara ya ma ọ bụ mgbe edere ibe CLKPS. Idegharị ntakịrị CLKPCE n'ime oge nkwụsị a anaghị agbatị oge nkwụsị, ma ọ bụ kpochapụ ntakịrị CLKPCE.

Iberibe 6:4 – Res: Bitts echekwara

Edobere ibe n'ibe ndị a na ATtiny25/45/85 ma a ga-agụkwa ya dịka efu.

Iberibe 3: 0 - CLKPS[3:0]: elekere Prescaler Họrọ Bits 3 - 0

Ndị a ibe n'ibe na-akọwapụta ihe nkewa n'etiti isi iyi elekere ahọpụtara na elekere sistemụ ime. Enwere ike ide ibe n'ibe ndị a oge ịgba ọsọ iji gbanwee ugboro elekere ka dabara na ngwa achọrọ. Ka onye nkesa na-ekewa ntinye elekere nna ukwu na MCU, a na-ebelata ọsọ nke akụkụ niile na-emekọrịta ihe mgbe ejiri ihe nkewa mee ihe. Enyere ihe nkewa na Tebụl 6-15.

Iji zere mgbanwe n'amaghị ama nke ugboro elekere, a ga-agbaso usoro ide ihe pụrụ iche iji gbanwee ibe n'ibe CLKPS:

Dee Clock Prescaler Change Enable (CLKPCE) bit ka ọ bụrụ otu yana ihe ndị ọzọ niile na CLKPR ka ọ bụrụ efu.

N'ime okirikiri anọ, dee uru achọrọ na CLKPS ka ị na-ede efu na CLKPCE.

A ga-emerịrị nkwụsịtụ mgbe ị na-agbanwe ntọala prescaler iji hụ na akwụsịghị usoro ide.

CKDIV8 Fuse na-ekpebi uru mbụ nke ibe CLKPS. Ọ bụrụ na CKDIV8 emeghị mmemme, a ga-emegharị ibe n'ibe CLKPS ka ọ bụrụ "0000". Ọ bụrụ na emebere CKDIV8, CLKPS ibe n'ibe na-tọgharịa na "0011", na-enye nkewa ihe nke asatọ na mmalite. Ekwesịrị iji njirimara a ma ọ bụrụ na ebe elekere ahọpụtara nwere ugboro dị elu karịa ugboro kachasị nke ngwaọrụ n'oge ọnọdụ ọrụ ugbu a. Mara na enwere ike ide uru ọ bụla na ibe CLKPS n'agbanyeghị ntọala CKDIV8 Fuse. Akụrụngwa ngwa ga-ahụrịrị na ihe nkewa zuru oke bụ

ahọpụtara ma ọ bụrụ na isi iyi elekere ahọpụtara nwere ugboro dị elu karịa ugboro kachasị nke ngwaọrụ n'ọnọdụ ọrụ ugbu a. Ejiri CKDIV8 Fuse akwadoro ebu ngwaọrụ a.

Isiokwu 6-15. Họrọ Prescaler elekere

CLKPS3	CLKPS2	CLKPS1	CLKPS0	Ihe kpatara nkewa elekere
0	0	0	0	1
0	0	0	1	2
0	0	1	0	4
0	0	1	1	8
0	1	0	0	16
0	1	0	1	32
0	1	1	0	64
0	1	1	1	128
1	0	0	0	256
1	0	0	1	Echekwara
1	0	1	0	Echekwara
1	0	1	1	Echekwara
1	1	0	0	Echekwara
1	1	0	1	Echekwara
1	1	1	0	Echekwara
1	1	1	1	Echekwara

Mara: Akwụsịla prescaler na ọnọdụ ndakọrịta ATtiny15 na ọ bụghị idegara CLKPR, ma ọ bụ mmemme CKDIV8 fuse nwere mmetụta ọ bụla na elekere sistemụ (nke ga-abụ 1.6 MHz mgbe niile).

Njikwa ike na Ụdị ụra

Ịrụ ọrụ dị elu na arụmọrụ koodu ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ka microcontrollers AVR bụrụ ezigbo nhọrọ maka ngwa ike dị ala. Na mgbakwunye, ụdị ụra na-eme ka ngwa ahụ mechie modul ejighi ya na MCU, wee chekwaa ike. AVR na-enye ụdị ụra dị iche iche na-enye onye ọrụ ohere ịhazi ike oriri na ihe ngwa chọrọ.

Ụdị ụra

Ọgụgụ 6-1 na ibe 23 na-egosi usoro elekere dị iche iche na nkesa ha na Attiny25/45/85. Ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-enye aka n'ịhọrọ ọnọdụ ụra kwesịrị ekwesị. Tebụl 7-1 na-egosi ụdị ụra dị iche iche na isi mmalite ha na-eteta.

Isiokwu 7-1. Ngalaba elekere na-arụ ọrụ na isi mmalite na-ebili n'ụdị ụra dị iche iche

Ngalaba elekere na-arụ ọrụ

Oscillators

Isi mmalite edemede

Ụdị ụra

clkCPU

clkFLASH

clkIO

clkADC

clkPCK

Agbanyere isi mmalite elekere

INT0 na Pin Change

SPM/EEPROM

Njikere

Ọnọdụ mmalite USI

ADC

I/O ndị ọzọ

Onye nche Kwụsị

Na-abaghị uru

Mbelata mkpọtụ ADC

X(1)

Ike gbadata

X(1)

Mara: Maka INT0, naanị nkwụsị ọkwa.

Iji banye nke ọ bụla n'ime ụdị ihi ụra atọ, a ga-ederịrị SE bit dị na MCUCR ka ọ bụrụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya, yana a ga-emerịrị ntuziaka ụra. Iberibe SM[1:0] dị na Ndebanye aha MCUCR họrọ ụdị ụra (Idle na-adịghị, Mbelata mkpọtụ ADC ma ọ bụ Mbelata) ga-arụ ọrụ site na ntuziaka ụra. Lee Tebụl 7-2 maka nchịkọta.

Ọ bụrụ na nkwụsịtụ enyere aka mere mgbe MCU nọ na ọnọdụ ụra, MCU na-eteta. Akwụsịziri MCU maka okirikiri anọ na mgbakwunye na oge mmalite, na-eme usoro nkwụsịtụ, wee maliteghachi ogbugbu site na ntuziaka na-esochi ụra. Ihe dị n'ime ndekọ ahụ File na SRAM anaghị agbanwe agbanwe mgbe ngwaọrụ teta n'ụra. Ọ bụrụ ntọgharị emee n'oge ọnọdụ ụra, MCU na-eteta ma mebie site na Reset Vector.

Rịba ama: na ọ bụrụ na ejiri nkwụsị nkwụsịtụ larịị mee ka ọ teta ọkwa ahụ gbanwere ruo oge ụfọdụ iji teta MCU (na maka MCU ịbanye usoro nkwụsịtụ ọrụ). Lee “Mpụga Mpụga” na ibe 49 maka nkọwa.

Ọnọdụ m

Mgbe edere SM [1: 0] ibe n'ibe na 00, ntụziaka ụra na-eme ka MCU banye ọnọdụ na-abaghị uru, na-akwụsị CPU mana ikwe ka Analog Comparator, ADC, USI, Timer/Counter, Watchdog na usoro nkwụsịtụ gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ. na-eri nri. Ụdị ụra a na-akwụsị clkCPU na clkFLASH, ebe ọ na-ekwe ka elekere ndị ọzọ na-agba ọsọ.

Ọnọdụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na-enyere ndị MCU aka iteta site na nkwụsị nke mpụga yana nke dị n'ime dị ka njupụta ngụ oge. Ọ bụrụ na ịkpọlite site na nkwụsịtụ Analog Comparator, enwere ike ịgbanye Analog Comparator site na itinye ACD bit na. “ACSR – Analog Comparator Control and Status Register” na ibe 120. Nke a ga-ebelata oriri ike na ọnọdụ adịghị arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụrụ na agbanyere ADC, ntụgharị na-amalite na-akpaghị aka mgbe abanyela ọnọdụ a.

Ụdị Mbelata mkpọtụ ADC

Mgbe edere SM [1: 0] ibe n'ibe na 01, ntụziaka ụra na-eme ka MCU banye ADC Noise Reduction mode, na-akwụsị CPU mana ikwe ka ADC, nkwụsị nke mpụga, na Watchdog nọgide na-arụ ọrụ (ma ọ bụrụ na enyere ya aka). Ụdị ụra a na-akwụsị clkI/O, clkCPU, na clkFLASH, ebe ọ na-ekwe ka elekere ndị ọzọ na-agba ọsọ.

Nke a na-eme ka ọnọdụ mkpọtụ maka ADC dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka nha mkpebi dị elu. Ọ bụrụ na agbanyere ADC, ntụgharị na-amalite na-akpaghị aka mgbe abanyela ọnọdụ a. Ewezuga ngbanwe ADC zuru oke, naanị nrụpụta mpụga, nrụpụta Watchdog, nrụpụta Brown-out, nkwụsị njikere SPM/EEPROM, nkwụsị ọkwa mpụga na INT0 ma ọ bụ nkwụsịtụ mgbanwe pin nwere ike ịkpọte MCU site na Mbelata mkpọtụ ADC ọnọdụ.

Ụdị mgbada

Mgbe edere SM[1:0] ibe n'ibe na 10, ntuziaka ihi ụra na-eme ka MCU banye ọnọdụ mgbada. Na ọnọdụ a, a na-akwụsị Oscillator, ebe nkwụsị nke mpụga, USI na-amalite nchọpụta ọnọdụ na Watchdog na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ (ma ọ bụrụ na enyere ya aka). Naanị Ntọgharị Mpụga, Ntọgharị Nchekwa, Ntọgharị Brown-out, USI mmalite ọnọdụ nkwụsịtụ, nkwụsị ọkwa mpụga na INT0 ma ọ bụ nkwụsịtụ mgbanwe ntụtụ nwere ike ịkpọte MCU. Ụdị ihi ụra a na-akwụsị oge niile emepụtara, na-enye ohere ịrụ ọrụ naanị modul asynchronous.

Gbanyụọ BOD Software

Mgbe FUUS BODLEVEL nyere ihe nchọpụta Brown-out (BOD) aka (lee Isiokwu 20-4 na ibe 148), BOD na-enyocha nke ọma na ọkọnọ voltage n'oge ụra. N'ime ngwaọrụ ụfọdụ ọ ga-ekwe omume ịchekwa ike site na gbanyụọ BOD site na ngwanrọ na ọnọdụ ụra Power-down. Oriri ike nke ọnọdụ ụra ga-adịkwa n'otu ọkwa mgbe fuses nwere nkwarụ BOD zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Ọ bụrụ na BOD nwere nkwarụ site na ngwanrọ, a na-agbanyụ ọrụ BOD ozugbo ịbanye na ọnọdụ ụra. Mgbe ebilitere n'ụra, BOD na-enyere aka ọzọ ozugbo. Nke a na-eme ka ọrụ nchekwa dị mma ma ọ bụrụ na ọkwa VCC adalatala n'oge ụra.

Mgbe agbanyụrụ BOD, oge ịkpọlite site na ọnọdụ ihi ụra ga-abụ otu maka ịkpọte site na nrụpụta. Onye ọrụ ga-eji aka hazie oge ịkpọlite nke mere na ntụaka bandgap nwere oge ịmalite yana BOD na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma tupu MCU aga n'ihu na-eme koodu. Lee SUT[1:0] na CKSEL[3:0] fuse bits na tebụl “Fuse Low Byte” na ibe 149

A na-ejikwa ihe mgbochi BOD bụ BODS (BOD Sleep) nke ndebanye aha njikwa MCU, lee "MCUCR - MCU njikwa Debanye aha" na ibe 37. Ide ntakịrị ihe a na-agbanyụ BOD na Power-Down, ebe ịde efu na-eme ka BOD rụọ ọrụ. Ntọala ndabara bụ efu, ntụgharị BOD na-arụ ọrụ.

A na-achịkwa ịde ihe na bit BODS site n'usoro nke oge yana obere enyemaka, lee "MCUCR - MCU njikwa ndekọ- ter” na ibe 37.

Oke

E mejuputara arụmọrụ nkwarụ BOD na ngwaọrụ ndị a, naanị:

ATtiny25, ntụgharị E, na nke ọhụrụ

ATtiny45, ntụgharị D, na nke ọhụrụ

ATtiny85, ntụgharị C, na nke ọhụrụ

Akara ngbanwe na ngwungwu ngwaọrụ ma enwere ike ịnọ ya dịka ndị a:

Akụkụ ala nke ngwugwu 8P3 na 8S2

Akụkụ elu nke ngwugwu 20M1

Ndebanye aha mbelata ike

Ndebanye aha mbelata ike (PRR), lee “PRR – Ndebanye aha mbelata ike” na ibe 38, na-enye usoro iji belata oriri ike site n'ịkwụsị elekere na akụkụ nke ọ bụla. Ọnọdụ nke mpụta dị ugbu a na-ajụ oyi na ndekọ I/O enweghị ike ịgụ ma ọ bụ dee ya. Akụrụngwa nke mpụta na-eji mgbe nkwụsị elekere ga-anọgide na-adị, ya mere a ga-enwe nkwarụ n'ọtụtụ oge tupu ịkwụsị elekere. Ịkpọlite modul, nke a na-eme site na ikpochapụ ntakịrị na PRR, na-etinye modul ahụ n'otu ọnọdụ ahụ dị ka tupu emechi.

Enwere ike iji mmechi modul na ọnọdụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ yana ọnọdụ arụ ọrụ iji belata oriri ike zuru oke. N'ụdị ihi ụra ndị ọzọ, akwụsịlarị elekere. Lee “Onweta nke modul I/O ugbu a” na ibe 177 maka examples.

Na-ebelata oriri ike

Enwere ọtụtụ okwu ị ga-atụle mgbe ị na-agbalị ibelata oriri ike na sistemu AVR na-achịkwa. N'ozuzu, a ga-eji ụdị ihi ụra mee ihe dị ka o kwere mee, na ọnọdụ ụra kwesịrị ịhọrọ nke mere na ọ bụ ole na ole ka o kwere omume nke ọrụ ngwaọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ. Ekwesịrị gbanyụọ ọrụ niile anaghị achọ. Karịsịa, modul ndị a nwere ike ịchọ nlebara anya pụrụ iche mgbe ị na-agbalị iji nweta ike kachasị dị ala.

Ihe Ntụgharị Analog ka Dijitalụ

Ọ bụrụ na agbanyere ya, ADC ga-enyere ya aka n'ụdị ụra niile. Iji chekwaa ike, ADC ga-enwe nkwarụ tupu ịbanye ụdị ụra ọ bụla. Mgbe ADC gbanyụrụ wee gbanye ọzọ, ntụgharị na-esote ga-abụ ntụgharị agbatị ogologo. Tụtụ aka na “Analog to Digital Converter” na ibe 122 maka nkọwa gbasara ọrụ ADC.

Analog Comparator

Mgbe ị na-abanye na ọnọdụ enweghị ọrụ, a ga-enwe nkwarụ Analog Comparator ma ọ bụrụ na ejighi ya. Mgbe ị na-abanye n'ụdị Mbelata mkpọtụ mkpọtụ ADC, a ga-enwe nkwarụ Analog Comparator. N'ụdị ụra ndị ọzọ, Analog Comparator na-enwe nkwarụ na-akpaghị aka. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na edobere Comparator Analog ka ọ jiri Internal Voltage Ntuziaka dị ka ntinye, Analog Comparator kwesịrị inwe nkwarụ na ụdị ụra niile. Ma ọ bụghị ya, Internal Voltage ga-enyere aka, na-adabereghị na ọnọdụ ụra. Tụtụ aka na “Analog Comparator” na ibe 119 maka nkọwa gbasara otu esi ahazi Analog Comparator.

Ihe nchọpụta agba aja aja

Ọ bụrụ na achọghị ihe nchọpụta Brown-out na ngwa a, ekwesịrị ịgbanyụ modul a. Ọ bụrụ na BODLEVEL Fuses nyere onye nchọpụta Brown-out aka, a ga-eme ya n'ụdị ụra niile, yabụ na-eri ike mgbe niile. N'ụdị ụra miri emi, nke a ga-atụnye ụtụ nke ukwuu na mkpokọta oriri ugbu a. Lee "Nchọpụta agba aja aja- tion" na peeji nke 41 na “Nwepu BOD Software” na ibe 35 maka nkọwa gbasara otu esi ahazi Brown-out Detector.

Ime Voltage ntụaka

Ihe dị n'ime VoltagA ga-enyere aka nrụtụ aka mgbe achọrọ ya site na nchọpụta Brown-out, Comparator Analog ma ọ bụ ADC. Ọ bụrụ na agbanyụrụ modul ndị a dịka akọwara na ngalaba ndị dị n'elu, nke ime voltage kwuru ga-enwe nkwarụ na ọ gaghị na-eri ike. Mgbe agbanwuru ya ọzọ, onye ọrụ ga-ahapụrịrị ka nrụtụ aka ka ọ malite tupu ewepụta ya. Ọ bụrụ na edobere ntụaka ahụ na ọnọdụ ụra, enwere ike iji mmepụta ozugbo. Tụtụ aka na "Enime Voltage Reference” na peeji nke 42 maka nkọwa na mmalite oge.

Oge nche nche

Ọ bụrụ na-adịghị mkpa Watchdog Timer na ngwa a, a ga-agbanyụrịrị modul a. Ọ bụrụ na agbanyere Watchdog Timer, a ga-eme ya n'ụdị ụra niile, yabụ na-eri ike mgbe niile. N'ụdị ụra miri emi, nke a ga-atụnye ụtụ nke ukwuu na mkpokọta oriri ugbu a. Tụtụ aka na “Watchdog Timer” dị na peeji nke 42 maka nkọwa gbasara otu esi ahazi Watchdog Timer.

Ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri

Mgbe ị na-abanye ọnọdụ ụra, a ga-ahazi ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri niile ka ọ jiri ike kacha nta. Ihe kacha mkpa bụ mgbe ahụ ịhụ na ọ dịghị atụdo ụgbọala resistive ibu. N'ụdị ụra ebe a kwụsịrị ma elekere I/O (clkI/O) na ADC elekere (clkADC), ntinye ntinye nke ngwaọrụ ga-enwe nkwarụ. Nke a na-eme ka o doo anya na ọ dịghị ike a ga-eri

site na mgbagha ntinye mgbe ọ dịghị mkpa. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a chọrọ mgbagha ntinye maka ịchọpụta ọnọdụ ịkpọte, na

a ga-emezi ya. Rụtụ aka na ngalaba “Mbanye dijitalụ Kwado na Ụdị Ụra” na ibe 57 maka nkọwapụta nke agbanyere atụdo. Ọ bụrụ na etinyere ihe nkpuchi ntinye ma hapụ mgbaama ntinye ka ọ na-ese n'elu mmiri ma ọ bụ nwee ọkwa mgbama analọgụ dị nso na VCC/2, ihe nkwụnye ntinye ga-eji ike karịrị akarị.

Maka ntụtụ ntinye analọgụ, ihe nchekwa ntinye dijitalụ kwesịrị inwe nkwarụ oge niile. Ọkwa mgbama analọgụ dị nso na VCC/2 na ntụtụ ntinye nwere ike ime ka ọ dị ugbu a dị egwu ọbụlagodi na ọnọdụ nọ n'ọrụ. Enwere ike gbanyụọ nkwụnye ntinye dijitalụ site na idebanye aha na ntinye Disable Digital (DIDR0). Tụtụ aka na “DIDR0 – Ntinye dijitalụ gbanyụọ ndebanye aha 0” na ibe 121 maka nkọwa.

Debanye nkọwa

MCUCR – Ndebanye aha njikwa MCU

Ndebanye aha njikwa MCU nwere obere njikwa maka njikwa ike.

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x35	BODS	PUD	SE	SM1	SM0	BODSE	ISC01	ISC00	MCUCR
Gụọ/dee	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Bit 7 - BODS: Ụra anụ ahụ

Arụ ọrụ gbanyụọ BOD dị na ngwaọrụ ụfọdụ, naanị. Lee “Mkpebi” na ibe 36.

Iji gbanyụọ BOD n'oge ụra (lee Isiokwu 7-1 na ibe 34) A ga-ederịrị ntakịrị BODS ka ọ bụrụ ezi uche. A na-achịkwa nke a site n'usoro nke oge yana ntakịrị ike, BODSE na MCUCR. Nke mbụ, ma BODS na BODSE ga-edozirịrị otu. Nke abụọ, n'ime okirikiri elekere anọ, BODS ga-edoberịrị otu na BODSE ga-atọrịrị na efu. Obere BODS na-arụ ọrụ okirikiri elekere atọ ka edochara ya. A ga-emerịrị nkuzi ụra mgbe BODS nọ n'ọrụ iji gbanyụọ BOD maka ọnọdụ ihi ụra n'ezie. A na-ehichapụ ntakịrị BODS na-akpaghị aka ka elekere atọ gachara.

N'ime ngwaọrụ ebe emebebeghị ihi ụra BOD, nke a bụ nke ejighi ya, ọ ga-agụkwa efu mgbe niile.

Bit 5 - SE: Kwado ụra

A ga-ederịrị ntakịrị SE ka ọ bụrụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya iji mee ka MCU banye n'ọnọdụ ụra mgbe emechara ntuziaka ihi ụra. Iji zere MCU ịbanye n'ọnọdụ ụra ọ gwụla ma ọ bụ ebumnuche onye mmemme, a na-atụ aro ka ị dee ntakịrị ụra na-enyere aka (SE) n'otu obere oge tupu emee ntuziaka ụra wee kpochapụ ya ozugbo itetachara.

Bits 4:3 - SM[1:0]: Ọnọdụ ihi ụra Họrọ Bits 1 na 0

Nkeji ndị a họrọ n'etiti ụdị ụra atọ dị dị ka egosiri na Tebụl 7-2.

Isiokwu 7-2. Họrọ ọnọdụ ụra

SM1	SM0	Ụdị ụra
0	0	Na-abaghị uru
0	1	Mbelata mkpọtụ ADC
1	0	Ike gbadata
1	1	Echekwara

Bit 2 - BODSE: Kwado ụra ụra

Arụ ọrụ gbanyụọ BOD dị na ngwaọrụ ụfọdụ, naanị. Lee “Mkpebi” na ibe 36.

Obere BODSE na-enyere aka ịtọ ntọala njikwa BODS, dị ka akọwara na nkọwa BODS bit. A na-ejikwa usoro nrụnye BOD site n'usoro oge.

A naghị eji obere ihe a eme ihe na ngwaọrụ ebe arụghị ọrụ ngwanrọ BOD ma ọ ga-agụ dị ka efu na ngwaọrụ ndị ahụ.

PRR – Ndebanye aha mbelata ike

Ndebanye aha mbelata ike na-enye usoro iji belata oriri ọkụ site n'ikwe ka enwere nkwarụ mgbanaka akara elekere.

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x20	–	–	–	–	PRTIM1	PRTIM0	PRUSI	PRADC	PRR
Gụọ/dee	R	R	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Iberibe 7:4 – Res: Bitts echekwara

Edobere ibe n'ibe ndị a na ATtiny25/45/85 ma a ga-agụkwa ya dịka efu.

Bit 3 – PRTIM1: Oge mbelata ike / Counter1

Ide ihe ezi uche dị na nke a na-emechi modul Timer/Counter1. Mgbe agbanyere ngụ oge/Counter1, ọrụ ga-aga n'ihu dịka tupu emechi.

Bit 2 – PRTIM0: Oge mbelata ike / Counter0

Ide ihe ezi uche dị na nke a na-emechi modul Timer/Counter0. Mgbe agbanyere ngụ oge/Counter0, ọrụ ga-aga n'ihu dịka tupu emechi.

Bit 1 – PRUSI: Mbelata ike USI

Ide ihe ezi uche dị na nke a na-emechi USI site na ịkwụsị elekere na modul. Mgbe ị na-eteta USI ọzọ, USI kwesịrị ịmalitegharị ya iji hụ na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.

Bit 0 - PRADC: Mbelata ike ADC

Ide ezi uche na nke a na-emechi ADC. ADC ga-enwe nkwarụ tupu emechie ya. Rịba ama na a na-ejikwa elekere ADC site na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke analog comparator, nke pụtara na enweghị ike iji comparator analog mee ihe mgbe ntakịrị a dị elu.

Njikwa Sistemu na Tọgharia

Ịtọgharịa AVR

N'oge nrụpụta, ndị ndebanye aha I/O niile ka edobere n'ụkpụrụ mbụ ha, mmemme ahụ na-amalitekwa igbu ya site na Reset Vector. Ntuziaka etinyere na Reset Vector ga-abụrịrị RJMP – Relative Jump – ntuziaka maka usoro nrụpụta nrụpụta. Ọ bụrụ na mmemme anaghị eme ka isi mmalite kwụsịtụ, anaghị eji Interrupt Vectors, yana enwere ike idowe koodu mmemme oge niile na ebe ndị a. Eserese sekit na Ọgụgụ 8-1 na-egosi mgbagha nrụpụta. Enyere parameta eletrik nke sekit nrụpụta nrụgharị “System and Reset Characteristics” na ibe 165.

Ọgụgụ 8-1 Tọgharia mgbagha

A na-atọgharị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri I/O nke AVR ozugbo ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ mbụ ha mgbe isi mmalite nrụpụta na-arụ ọrụ. Nke a achọghị ka isi mmalite elekere ọ bụla na-agba ọsọ.

Mgbe isi mmalite nrụpụta niile agakwaghị arụ ọrụ, a na-akpọ counter-egbu oge, na-agbatị nrụpụta ime. Nke a na-enye ohere ka ike ruo ọkwa kwụsiri ike tupu arụ ọrụ nkịtị amalite. A na-akọwa oge nkwụsị nke counter igbu oge site na onye ọrụ site na SUT na CKSEL Fuses. A na-ewepụta nhọrọ dị iche iche maka oge igbu oge "Elekere Isi mmalite” dị na peeji nke 25.

Tọgharia isi mmalite

ATtiny25/45/85 nwere isi mmalite anọ:

Ntọgharị ike. A na-atọgharị MCU mgbe ọkọnọ voltage dị n'okpuru ebe nrụpụta ike-na (VPOT).

Ntọgharị mpụga. A na-atọgharị MCU mgbe ọkwa dị ala dị na ntụtụ RESET ogologo oge karịa ogologo ọkpụ usu kacha nta.

Ntọgharị nche nche. Emegharịrị MCU mgbe oge Watchdog Timer gwụchara ma enyere Watchdog aka.

Ntọgharị agbacha agbacha. A na-atọgharị MCU mgbe ọkọnọ voltage VCC dị n'okpuru ọnụ ụzọ nrụpụta Brown-out (VBOT) yana ihe nchọpụta Brown-out nwere ike.

Tọgharia ike-na

A na-emepụta pulse ike na-arụ ọrụ (POR) site na sekit nchọpụta On-chip. A kọwapụtara ọkwa nchọta na "Sys- tem na Tọgharịa àgwà” na ibe 165. A na-arụ ọrụ POR mgbe ọ bụla VCC dị n'okpuru ọkwa nchọpụta. Enwere ike iji sekit POR kpalite mmalite mmalite, yana ịchọpụta ọdịda na ọkọnọ voltage.

Sekit nrụpụta ike (POR) na-eme ka a mata na emegharịrị ngwaọrụ ahụ site na Power-on. Na-erute ebe nrụpụta ike-na voltage na-akpọku counter igbu oge, nke na-ekpebi ogologo oge echekwabara ngwaọrụ ahụ na RESET ka VCC bilitere. Mgbama RESET na-arụ ọrụ ọzọ, na-enweghị oge ọ bụla, mgbe VCC na-ebelata n'okpuru ọkwa nchọpụta.

Ọgụgụ 8-2. Mmalite MCU, Tọgharia Ejikọtara na VCC

Ntọgharị ime

Ọgụgụ 8-3. Mmalite MCU, Tụgharịa na Mpụga

Ntọgharị mpụga

A na-emepụta nrụpụta Mpụga site na ọkwa dị ala na ntụtụ RESET ma ọ bụrụ na agbanyere ya. Tọgharịa pulse ogologo karịa obosara usu kacha nta (lee “System and Reset Characteristics” na ibe 165) ga-emepụta nrụpụta, ọbụlagodi na elekere anaghị agba ọsọ. Ejighị m n'aka na ọ ga-emepụta nrụpụta. Mgbe mgbama etinyere rutere na Tọgharia ala Voltage - VRST - n'akụkụ ya dị mma, nkwụsị oge na-amalite MCU mgbe oge nkwụsịtụ gachara.

Ọgụgụ 8-4. Ntọgharị mpụga n'oge arụ ọrụ

Nchọpụta agba aja aja

ATtiny25/45/85 nwere sekit On-chip Brown-out Detection (BOD) maka nyochaa ọkwa VCC n'oge arụ ọrụ site n'iji ya atụnyere ọkwa mkpalite. Enwere ike ịhọrọ ọkwa mkpalite maka BOD site na BODLEVEL Fuses. Ọkwa mkpalite nwere hysteresis iji hụ na nchọpụta Brown na-efu efu. Ekwesịrị ịkọwa hysteresis na ọkwa nchọpụta dị ka VBOT+ = VBOT + VHYST/2 na VBOT- = VBOT - VHYST/2.

Mgbe agbanyere BOD, na VCC na-agbada ruo uru n'okpuru ọkwa mkpalite (VBOT-in Ọgụgụ 8-5), ihe nrụpụta Brown-out na-arụ ọrụ ozugbo. Mgbe VCC na-abawanye n'elu ọkwa mkpalite (VBOT+ in Ọgụgụ 8-5), counter-egbu oge na-amalite MCU mgbe oge nkwụsị oge tTOUT agwụla.

Sekit BOD ga-achọpụta naanị mbelata na VCC ma ọ bụrụ na voltage na-anọ n'okpuru ọkwa mkpalite ogologo oge karịa tBOD enyere “System and Reset Characteristics” na ibe 165.

Ntọgharị nche

Mgbe Watchdog ga-apụ, ọ ga-ewepụta obere nrụpụta nrụpụta nke otu oge okirikiri CK. N'akụkụ ọdịda nke usu a, ngụ oge na-amalite ịgụta oge nkwụsịtụ tTOUT. Tụtụ aka na “Watchdog Timer” dị na peeji nke 42 maka nkọwa gbasara ọrụ nke Watchdog Timer.

Voltage Ntuziaka Kwado akara ngosi na oge mmalite

Voltage ntụaka nwere oge mmalite nke nwere ike imetụta otú e kwesịrị isi jiri ya mee ihe. A na-enye oge mmalite “System and Reset Characteristics” na ibe 165. Iji chekwaa ike, ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka agbanyere ntụaka. A na-eme atụmatụ ahụ n'oge ọnọdụ ndị a:

Mgbe agbanyere BOD (site na ịhazi BODLEVEL[2:0] Fuse Bits).

Mgbe ejikọrọ ntụaka bandgap na Analog Comparator (site na ịtọ ACBG bit na ACSR).

Mgbe agbanyere ADC.

Ya mere, mgbe akwadoghị BOD, mgbe ịtọsịrị ACBG bit ma ọ bụ mee ka ADC rụọ ọrụ, onye ọrụ ga-ahapụrịrị ka ntụaka ahụ malite tupu e jiri ya mee ihe sitere na Analog Comparator ma ọ bụ ADC. Iji belata oriri ọkụ na ọnọdụ mgbada, onye ọrụ nwere ike zere ọnọdụ atọ dị n'elu iji hụ na agbanyụrụ ntụaka ahụ tupu abanye n'ụdị mgbada.

Oge nche nche

A na-emechi oge nche site na On-chip Oscillator nke na-agba na 128 kHz. Site na ijikwa Watchdog Timer prescaler, enwere ike ịhazigharị oge nrụpụta Watchdog dị ka egosiri na Isiokwu 8-3 na ibe 46. WDR – Nchegharị Nchekwa – ntuziaka na-atọgharị ngụ oge nche. A na-edozikwa ngụ oge nche mgbe ọ nwere nkwarụ yana mgbe nrụpụta mgbawa mere. Enwere ike ịhọrọ oge okirikiri elekere iri dị iche iche iji chọpụta oge nrụpụta. Ọ bụrụ na oge ntọgharị ahụ agwụ na-enweghị ihe nrụpụta Watchdog ọzọ, ATtiny25/45/85 na-emegharị ma mebie site na Reset Vector. Maka nkọwa oge na nrụpụta Watchdog, rụtụ aka Isiokwu 8-3 na ibe 46.

Enwere ike ịhazi oge nche ka ọ wepụta nkwụsịtụ kama ịtọgharịa. Nke a nwere ike inye aka mgbe ị na-eji Watchdog na-eteta site na Power-down.

Iji gbochie nkwarụ nke Watchdog n'amaghị ama ma ọ bụ mgbanwe n'amaghị ama nke oge nkwụsị, a na-ahọrọ ọkwa nchekwa abụọ dị iche iche site na fuse WDTON dị ka egosiri na Tebụl 8-1 Tụtụ aka na "Usoro oge maka ịgbanwe ihe omume ahụ. ihe atụ nke Watchdog Timer” na peeji nke 43 maka nkọwa.

Isiokwu 8-1. Nhazi WDT dị ka ọrụ nke ntọala Fuse nke WDTON

WDTON	Ọkwa nchekwa	Obodo mbu WDT	Otu esi agbanyụọ WDT	Otu esi agbanwe oge-apụ
Emeghị mmemme	1	Agbanyụrụ	Usoro nke oge	Enweghị oke
Emebere ya	2	Agbanyere	Agbanyere mgbe niile	Usoro nke oge

Ọgụgụ 8-7. Oge nche nche

Usoro oge maka ịgbanwe nhazi nke ngụ oge nche

Usoro maka ịgbanwe nhazi dị iche iche n'etiti ọkwa nchekwa abụọ. A na-akọwa usoro dị iche iche maka ọkwa ọ bụla.

Ọkwa nchekwa 1: N'ụdị a, a na-enwe nkwarụ na mbụ Watchdog Timer, mana enwere ike ịme ya site na ịdere ntakịrị WDE na otu na-enweghị mmachi ọ bụla. Achọrọ usoro nke oge mgbe ị na-agbanyụ ngụ oge Watchdog enyere aka. Iji gbanyụọ ngụ oge Watchdog enyere aka, a ga-agbasorịrị usoro a:

N'otu ọrụ ahụ, dee otu mgbagha na WDCE na WDE. A ga-ederịrị otu mgbagha na WDE n'agbanyeghị uru WDE bit gara aga.

N'ime okirikiri elekere anọ na-esote, n'otu ọrụ ahụ, dee ibe n'ibe WDE na WDP dị ka achọrọ, mana na-ehichapụ ntakịrị WDCE.

Ọkwa nchekwa 2: N'ụdị a, a na-eme ka elekere Watchdog na-enyere ya aka, na WDE bit ga-agụkwa mgbe niile ka otu. Achọrọ usoro nke oge mgbe ị na-agbanwe oge nkwụsị nke Watchdog. Ka ịgbanwee Oge nkwụsị nke Watchdog, usoro a ga-agbasorịrị:

N'otu ọrụ ahụ, dee otu ezi uche na WDCE na WDE. N'agbanyeghị na WDE na-edobe mgbe niile, WDE ga-ederịrị onye ahụ ka ọ malite usoro nke oge.

N'ime okirikiri elekere anọ na-esote, n'otu ọrụ ahụ, dee ibe WDP dị ka achọrọ, mana na-ehichapụ ntakịrị WDCE. Uru edere na WDE bit adịghị mkpa.

Koodu Example

Koodu na-esote example na-egosi otu mgbakọ na otu ọrụ C maka ịgbanyụ WDT. The example na-eche na a na-achịkwa nkwụsịtụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'ịkwụsị nkwụsịtụ n'ụwa nile) ka ọ dịghị nkwụsịtụ ga-eme n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ ndị a.

Koodu Mgbakọ Example(1)

WDT_gbanyụọ:

wdr

; Kpochapụ WDRF na MCUSR

ldi r16, (0<

pụọ MCUSR, r16

; Dee otu ezi uche dị na WDCE na WDE

; Debe ntọala prescaler ochie iji gbochie nrụpụta Watchdog n'amaghị ama

na r16, WDTCR

nke r16, (1<

pụọ WDTCR, r16

; Gbanyụọ WDT

ldi r16, (0<

pụọ WDTCR, r16

ret

Koodu C Example(1)

efu WDT_off(ihe efu)

{

_WDR ();

/* Kpochapụ WDRF na MCUSR */ MCUSR = 0x00

/* Dee ihe ezi uche dị na ya na WDCE na WDE */ WDTCR|= (1<

/* Gbanyụọ WDT */ WDTCR = 0x00;

}

Mara: 1. Lee " Koodu Examples” na ibe 6.

Debanye nkọwa

MCUSR – Ndebanye aha ọnọdụ MCU

Ndebanye aha ọnọdụ MCU na-enye ozi na isi mmalite nrụpụta kpatara nrụpụta MCU.

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x34	–	–	–	–	WDRF	BORF	EXTRF	PORF	MCUSR
Gụọ/dee	R	R	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W

Uru mbu 0 0 0 0 Lee Nkọwa Bit

Iberibe 7:4 – Res: Bitts echekwara

Edobere ibe n'ibe ndị a na ATtiny25/45/85 ma a ga-agụkwa ya dịka efu.

Bit 3 – WDRF: Ọkọlọtọ nrụpụta Watchdog

Edobere ntakịrị a ma ọ bụrụ na nrụpụta Watchdog emee. A na-atọgharị bit ahụ site na ntọgharị ike, ma ọ bụ site n'ide efu efu na ọkọlọtọ.

Bit 2 – BORF: Ọkọlọtọ Tọgharia nchara nchara

A na-edozi ntakịrị ihe a ma ọ bụrụ na nrụpụta Brown-out emee. A na-atọgharị bit ahụ site na ntọgharị ike, ma ọ bụ site n'ide efu efu na ọkọlọtọ.

Bit 1 – EXTRF: Ọkọlọtọ nrụpụta mpụga

Adobere ntakịrị a ma ọ bụrụ na nrụpụta Mpụga emee. A na-atọgharị bit ahụ site na ntọgharị ike, ma ọ bụ site n'ide efu efu na ọkọlọtọ.

Bit 0 – PORF: Ọkọlọtọ nrụpụta ike-na

A na-edozi bit a ma ọ bụrụ na nrụpụta ike emee. A na-atọgharị bit ahụ naanị site n'ide efu efu na ọkọlọtọ.

Iji jiri ọkọlọtọ Tọgharia iji chọpụta ọnọdụ nrụpụta, onye ọrụ kwesịrị ịgụ wee tọgharịa MCUSR ozugbo enwere ike na mmemme ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ehichapụ aha ndekọ ahụ tupu nrụpụta ọzọ emee, enwere ike ịchọta isi mmalite nke nrụpụta site n'inyocha ọkọlọtọ Tọgharia.

WDTCR – Ndebanye aha njikwa ngụ oge nche

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x21	WDIF	WDIE	WDP3	WDCE	WDE	WDP2	WDP1	WDP0	WDTCR
Gụọ/dee	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	X	0	0	0

Bit 7 - WDIF: Ọkọlọtọ nkwụsịtụ nke Watchdog

A na-edobe ntakịrị a mgbe oge nkwụsị na-eme na Watchdog Timer na-ahazi Watchdog Timer maka nkwụsịtụ. A na-ehichapụ WDIF site na ngwaike mgbe ị na-eme vector njikwa nkwụsịtụ kwekọrọ. N'aka nke ọzọ, WDIF na-ehichapụ site na ide otu mgbagha na ọkọlọtọ. Mgbe edobere I-bit dị na SREG na WDIE, a na-egbu oge nkwụsị nke Watchdog.

Bit 6 - WDIE: Oge nkwụsị nke Watchdog Kwado

Mgbe a na-edere ntakịrị ihe a na otu, WDE na-ekpochapụ, na edobere I-bit na Ndebanye aha Ọnọdụ, a na-eme ka nkwụsị oge nkwụsị nke Watchdog. N'ụdị a, a na-eme nkwụsị kwekọrọ kama ịtọgharịa ma ọ bụrụ na oge nkwụsị na ngụ oge Watchdog pụtara.

Ọ bụrụ na edobere WDE, ngwaike na-ekpochapụ WDIE na-akpaghị aka mgbe oge gwụchara. Nke a bara uru maka idobe nchekwa nrụpụta Watchdog mgbe ị na-eji nkwụsịtụ. Mgbe ekpochachara bit WDIE, oge nkwụsị ọzọ ga-emepụta nrụpụta. Iji zere nrụpụta Watchdog, WDIE ga-edozirịrị mgbe nkwụsịtụ ọ bụla gasịrị.

Isiokwu 8-2. Nhazi ngụ oge nche

WDE	WDIE	Ọchịchị ngụ oge nche	Action on Time-out
0	0	Akwụsịla	Ọ dịghị
0	1	Na-agba ọsọ	Kwụsị
1	0	Na-agba ọsọ	Tọgharia
1	1	Na-agba ọsọ	Kwụsị

Bit 4 - WDCE: Gbanwee ngbanwe nke nche

A ghaghị ịtọ ntakịrị ihe a mgbe edere WDE bit ka ọ bụrụ efu efu. Ma ọ bụghị ya, Watchdog agaghị enwe nkwarụ. Ozugbo edere ya na otu, ngwaike ga-ekpochapụ ntakịrị ihe a mgbe elekere anọ gachara. Rụtụ aka na nkọwa nke WDE bit maka usoro gbanyụọ Watchdog. A ghaghị ịtọkwa ntakịrị ihe a mgbe ị na-agbanwe ibe n'ibe prescaler. Lee " Usoro nke oge maka Ịgbanwe Nhazi nke Oge Ncheta” na peeji nke 43.

Bit 3 – WDE: Watchdog Kwado

Mgbe edere WDE ka ọ bụrụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya, a na-enyere Watchdog Timer aka, ma ọ bụrụ na edere WDE na efu efu, ọrụ Watchdog Timer nwere nkwarụ. Enwere ike ikpochapụ WDE naanị ma ọ bụrụ na WDCE bit nwere ọkwa mgbagha nke mbụ. Iji gbanyụọ ngụ oge Watchdog enyere aka, a ga-agbasorịrị usoro ndị a:

N'otu ọrụ ahụ, dee otu mgbagha na WDCE na WDE. A ga-ederịrị otu mgbagha na WDE n'agbanyeghị na edobere ya na otu tupu arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ amalite.

N'ime okirikiri elekere anọ na-esote, dee mgbagha 0 na WDE. Nke a na-ewepụ Watchdog.

N'ọkwa nchekwa 2, ọ gaghị ekwe omume gbanyụọ ngụ oge Watchdog, ọbụlagodi na algọridim akọwara n'elu. Lee “Usoro ndị e mere n’oge maka ịgbanwe nhazi oge nke Watchdog Timer” na peeji nke 43.

N'ọkwa nchekwa 1, WDRF kpuchiri WDE na MCUSR. Lee “MCUSR – MCU Ọnọdụ ndekọ” na ibe 44 maka nkọwa nke WDRF. Nke a pụtara na WDE na-edobe mgbe edobere WDRF. Iji kpochapụ WDE, WDRF ga-ehichapụ tupu ị gbanyụọ Watchdog na usoro akọwara n'elu. Njirimara a na-eme ka ọtụtụ nrụgharị n'oge ọnọdụ na-akpata ọdịda, yana mmalite mmalite mgbe ọdịda ahụ gasịrị.

Mara: Ọ bụrụ na a gaghị eji ngụ oge nche na ngwa a, ọ dị mkpa ịgafe usoro mgbanyụọ nche na mbido ngwaọrụ ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na agbanyere Watchdog na mberede, maka exampsite na ihe nrịbama gbapụrụ agbapụ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ agba aja aja, a ga-emegharị ngwaọrụ ahụ, nke n'aka nke ya ga-eduga na nrụpụta nche ọhụrụ. Iji zere ọnọdụ a, ngwa ngwa ngwa kwesịrị ikpochapụ ọkọlọtọ WDRF na obere njikwa WDE na usoro mmalite.

Bits 5, 2:0 - WDP[3:0]: Watchdog Timer Prescaler 3, 2, 1, na 0

The WDP[3:0] ibe n'ibe na-ekpebi ihe Watchdog Timer prescaling mgbe Watchdog Timer na-enyere. A na-egosi n'ime ụkpụrụ nhazi ọkwa dị iche iche na Oge ngwụcha ha kwekọrọ Tebụl 8-3.

Isiokwu 8-3. Họrọ ngụ oge Watchdog Prescale

WDP3	WDP2	WDP1	WDP0	Ọnụọgụ nke WDT Oscillator Cycles	Oge a na-ahụkarị na VCC = 5.0V
0	0	0	0	2K (2048) okirikiri	16 ms
0	0	0	1	4K (4096) okirikiri	32 ms
0	0	1	0	8K (8192) okirikiri	64 ms
0	0	1	1	16K (16384) okirikiri	0.125 s
0	1	0	0	32K (32764) okirikiri	0.25 s
0	1	0	1	64K (65536) okirikiri	0.5 s
0	1	1	0	128K (131072) okirikiri	1.0 s
0	1	1	1	256K (262144) okirikiri	2.0 s
1	0	0	0	512K (524288) okirikiri	4.0 s
1	0	0	1	1024K (1048576) okirikiri	8.0 s

Isiokwu 8-3. Họrọ Prescale Timer Watchdog (Na-aga n'ihu)

WDP3	WDP2	WDP1	WDP0	Ọnụọgụ nke WDT Oscillator Cycles	Oge a na-ahụkarị na VCC = 5.0V
1	0	1	0	Echekwara(1)
1	0	1	1
1	1	0	0
1	1	0	1
1	1	1	0
1	1	1	1

Mara: 1. Ọ bụrụ na ahọpụtara, a ga-eji otu n'ime ntọala ziri ezi n'okpuru 0b1010.

Na-agbagha

Akụkụ a na-akọwa nkọwa nke njikwa nkwụsịtụ dị ka emere na ATtiny25/45/85. Maka nkọwa zuru ezu nke njikwa nkwụsịtụ AVR, rụtụ aka “Tọgharịa na njikwa kwụsịtụrụ” na ibe 12.

Kwụsị Vectors na ATtiny25/45/85

A na-akọwa ihe nkwụsịtụ nke ATtiny25/45/85 na Tebụl 9-1n'okpuru.

Isiokwu 9-1. Tọgharia wee kwụsị vectors

Vector No.	Adreesị mmemme	Isi mmalite	Nkọwa nkwụsịtụ
1	0x0000	Tụgharịa	Ntụtụ Mpụga, Ntọgharị Ike, Ntọgharị nchara nchara, Ntọgharị Nchedo
2	0x0001	INT0	Arịrịọ nkwụsị nke mpụga 0
3	0x0002	PCINT0	Arịrịọ ngbanwe ntụtụ 0
4	0x0003	TIMER1_COMPA	Ngụ oge/Counter1 Tụlee Match A
5	0x0004	TIMER1_OVF	Ngụ oge/Counter1 njupụta
6	0x0005	TIMER0_OVF	Ngụ oge/Counter0 njupụta
7	0x0006	EE_RDY	EEPROM dị njikere
8	0x0007	ANA_COMP	Analog Comparator
9	0x0008	ADC	Ntụgharị ADC zuru ezu
10	0x0009	TIMER1_COMPB	Ngụ oge/Counter1 Tulee Match B
11	0x000A	TIMER0_COMPA	Ngụ oge/Counter0 Tụlee Match A
12	0X000B	TIMER0_COMPB	Ngụ oge/Counter0 Tulee Match B
13	0C	WDT	Oge nche nche anwụ
14	0x000D	USI_START	USI bido
15	0x000E	USI_OVF	Mfefe USI

Ọ bụrụ na mmemme anaghị eme ka isi mmalite kwụsịtụ, anaghị eji Interrupt Vectors, yana enwere ike idowe koodu mmemme oge niile na ebe ndị a.

Nhazi usoro na izugbe maka nkwụsịtụ adreesị vector na ATtiny25/45/85 ka egosiri na mmemme ex.ample n'okpuru.

Koodu Mgbakọ Example
.org 0x0000	; Tọọ adreesị nke ọzọ	nkwupụta
rjmp TỤgharịa	; Adreesị 0x0000
rjmp INT0_ISR	; Adreesị 0x0001
rjmp PCINT0_ISR	; Adreesị 0x0002
rjmp TIM1_COMPA_ISR	; Adreesị 0x0003
rjmp TIM1_OVF_ISR	; Adreesị 0x0004
rjmp TIM0_OVF_ISR	; Adreesị 0x0005
rjmp EE_RDY_ISR	; Adreesị 0x0006
rjmp ANA_COMP_ISR	; Adreesị 0x0007
rjmp ADC_ISR	; Adreesị 0x0008
rjmp TIM1_COMPB_ISR	; Adreesị 0x0009
rjmp TIM0_COMPA_ISR	; Adreesị 0x000A
rjmp TIM0_COMPB_ISR	; Adreesị 0x000B
rjmp WDT_ISR	; Adreesị 0x000C
rjmp USI_START_ISR	; Adreesị 0x000D
rjmp USI_OVF_ISR	; Adreesị 0x000E
Tọgharia:	; Isi mmemme mmalite
	; Adreesị 0x000F
…

Mara: Lee " Koodu Examples” na ibe 6.

Mpụga mpụga

A na-ebute nkwụsị Mpụga ahụ site na ntụtụ INT0 ma ọ bụ ntụtụ PCINT[5:0] ọ bụla. Rịba ama na, ọ bụrụ na enyere ya aka, nkwụsịtụ ga-akpalite ọ bụrụgodị na ahaziri INT0 ma ọ bụ PCINT[5:0] pin ka ọ bụrụ mmepụta. Nke a na atụmatụ na-enye ụzọ na-amụ a software nkwụsịtụ. Mgbanwe ntụtụ na-akwụsị PCI ga-akpalite ma ọ bụrụ na PCINT [5:0] ọ bụla na-atụgharị pin. Njikwa ndebanye PCMSK nke ntụtụ na-enye aka na ngbanwe ntụtụ na-akwụsị. A na-achọpụta nkwụsị ngbanwe ntụtụ na PCINT[5:0] n'otu oge. Nke a na-egosi na enwere ike iji nkwụsịtụ ndị a kpalite akụkụ ahụ site na ụdị ihi ụra na-abụghị ọnọdụ adịghị arụ ọrụ.

Enwere ike ịkpalite nkwụsị INT0 site na ọdịda ọdịda ma ọ bụ ịrị elu ma ọ bụ ọkwa dị ala. Emebere nke a dị ka egosiri na nkọwapụta maka ndekọ njikwa MCU - MCUCR. Mgbe agbanyere nkwụsịtụ INT0 wee hazie ya ka ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ebutere ya, nkwụsị ahụ ga-akpalite ma ọ bụrụhaala na ejidere ntụtụ ahụ ala. Rịba ama na nnabata nke ọdịda ma ọ bụ ịrị elu nkwụsị na INT0 chọrọ ọnụnọ nke elekere I/O, nke akọwara na ya. "Sistemụ elekere na nkesa ha" na ibe 23.

Nkwụsị n'ọkwa dị ala

Achọpụtara nkwụsịtụ dị ala na INT0 n'otu oge. Nke a na-egosi na enwere ike iji nkwụsịtụ a mee ka akụkụ ahụ teta n'ụra ụra na-abụghị ọnọdụ adịghị arụ ọrụ. Akwụsịla elekere I/O n'ụdị ihi ụra niile ma ewezuga ọnọdụ enweghị ọrụ.

Rịba ama na ọ bụrụ na ejiri nkwụsịtụ akpalite ọkwa dị elu maka ịkpọte site na Power-down, ọkwa achọrọ ga-adị ogologo oge maka MCU iji mechaa teta n'ụra iji kpalite nkwụsịtụ larịị. Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa ahụ ga-apụ n'anya tupu njedebe nke Oge mmalite, MCU ka ga-eteta, mana ọ nweghị nkwụsịtụ ga-eme. A kọwara oge mmalite site na SUT na CKSEL Fuses dị ka akọwara na ya "Nhọrọ elekere na elekere" na ibe 23.

Ọ bụrụ na ewepụrụ ọkwa dị ala dị na pin nkwụsịtụ tupu ngwaọrụ a teta, a gaghị atụgharị mmegbu mmemme gaa na usoro nkwụsịtụ mana gaa n'ihu na ntuziaka na-esochi iwu Ụra.

Ntụtụ Gbanwee oge nkwụsịtụ

Onye bụbuampE gosipụtara oge nkwụsịtụ mgbanwe ntụtụ n'ime Ọgụgụ 9-1.

Debanye nkọwa

MCUCR – Ndebanye aha njikwa MCU

Ndebanye aha njikwa nkwụsị nke mpụga A nwere ihe njikwa maka njikwa mmetụta nkwụsịtụ.

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x35	BODS	PUD	SE	SM1	SM0	BODSE	ISC01	ISC00	MCUCR
Gụọ/dee	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Bits 1:0 - ISC0[1:0]: Njikwa Sense nkwụsị 0 Bit 1 na Bit 0

Mpụga Mpụga 0 na-arụ ọrụ site na ntụtụ mpụga INT0 ma ọ bụrụ na edobere SREG I-flag na ihe nkpuchi nkwụsịtụ kwekọrọ. Akọwapụtara ọkwa na nsọtụ dị na pin INT0 mpụga nke na-eme ka nkwụsịtụ ahụ rụọ ọrụ Tebụl 9-2. Ọnụ ego dị na pin INT0 bụ sampedu tupu achọpụta n'ọnụ. Ọ bụrụ na ahọpụtara nkwụsị ihu ma ọ bụ ntụgharị ntụgharị, mkpụrụ akụ na-adịru ogologo oge karịa otu elekere ga-ebute nkwụsị. Anaghị ekwe nkwa iwepụta nkwụsịtụ dị mkpụmkpụ. Ọ bụrụ na ahọpụtara nkwụsịtụ ọkwa dị ala, a ga-edobe ọkwa dị ala ruo mgbe emechara ntuziaka na-eme ugbu a iji mepụta nkwụsịtụ.

Isiokwu 9-2. Kwụsị 0 Njikwa Sense

ISC01	ISC00	Nkọwa
0	0	Ọkwa dị ala nke INT0 na-ebute arịrịọ nkwụsịtụ.
0	1	Mgbanwe ọ bụla ezi uche dị na INT0 na-ebute arịrịọ nkwụsịtụ.
1	0	Ọnụ ọdịda nke INT0 na-ebute arịrịọ nkwụsịtụ.
1	1	Ọnụ na-arị elu nke INT0 na-ebute arịrịọ nkwụsịtụ.

GIMSK – Ndebanye aha nkpuchi nkwụsị izugbe

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0X3B	–	INT0	PCIe	–	–	–	–	–	GIMSK
Gụọ/dee	R	R/W	R/W	R	R	R	R	R
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Iberibe 7, 4:0 - Res: Bits echekwara

Edobere ibe n'ibe ndị a na ATtiny25/45/85 ma a ga-agụkwa ya dịka efu.

Bit 6 – INT0: Arịrịọ nkwụsị nke mpụga 0 Kwado

Mgbe etinyere bit INT0 (otu) yana I-bit dị na Ndebanye aha Ọnọdụ (SREG) ka edobere (otu), a na-eme ka nkwụsịtụ mpụta dị na mpụga. Njikwa nkwụsịtụ Sense Control0 bits 1/0 (ISC01 na ISC00) na MCU Control Register (MCUCR) kọwapụta ma nkwụsịtụ mpụ na-arụ ọrụ na ịrị elu na/ma ọ bụ ọdịda ọdịda nke pin ma ọ bụ ọkwa INT0. Omume na ntụtụ ga-eme ka arịrịọ nkwụsịtụ ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na ahaziri INT0 ka ọ bụrụ mmepụta. A na-eme nkwubi okwu nke Mpụga Mpụga Arịrịọ 0 site na INT0 Interrupt Vector.

Bit 5 – PCIE: Ntụtụ Gbanwee kwụsịtụ Kwado

Mgbe etinyere bit PCIE (otu) yana I-bit na Ndebanye aha Ọnọdụ (SREG) ka edobere (otu), nkwụsị mgbanwe ntụtụ na-eme. Mgbanwe ọ bụla na ntụtụ PCINT[5:0] ọ bụla enyere aka ga-eme ka nkwụsịtụ. A na-emezu nkwubi okwu nkwubi okwu nke Pin Change nkwubi site na PCI Interrupt Vector. PCINT[5:0] na-enyere pinị n'otu n'otu site na ndebanye aha PCMSK0.

GIFR – Ndebanye aha ọkọlọtọ nkwụsị izugbe

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x3A	–	INTF0	PCIF	–	–	–	–	–	GIFR
Gụọ/dee	R	R/W	R/W	R	R	R	R	R
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Iberibe 7, 4:0 - Res: Bits echekwara

Edobere ibe n'ibe ndị a na ATtiny25/45/85 ma a ga-agụkwa ya dịka efu.

Bit 6 – INTF0: Ọkọlọtọ nkwụsị nke mpụga 0

Mgbe ihu ma ọ bụ mgbagha mgbanwe na pin INT0 kpalitere arịrịọ nkwụsịtụ, INTF0 ga-abụ otu (otu). Ọ bụrụ na edobere I-bit na SREG na INT0 bit dị na GIMSK (otu), MCU ga-amali na Vector Interrupt kwekọrọ. A na-ehichapụ ọkọlọtọ mgbe emechara usoro nkwụsịtụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike ikpochapụ ọkọlọtọ site na idere ya nke ezi uche dị na ya. A na-ekpocha ọkọlọtọ a mgbe ọ bụla ahaziri INT0 ka nkwụsị ọkwa.

Bit 5 – PCIF: Pin Change akwụsịtụ ọkọlọtọ

Mgbe mgbanwe mgbagha na ntụtụ PCINT ọ bụla na-akpalite arịrịọ nkwụsịtụ, PCIF na-edobe (otu). Ọ bụrụ na edobere I-bit na SREG na obere PCIE dị na GIMSK (otu), MCU ga-amali na Vector Interrupt kwekọrọ. A na-ehichapụ ọkọlọtọ mgbe emechara usoro nkwụsịtụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike ikpochapụ ọkọlọtọ site na idere ya nke ezi uche dị na ya.

PCMSK – Pin Gbanwee nkpuchi ndekọ

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x15	–	–	PCINT5	PCINT4	PCINT3	PCINT2	PCINT1	PCINT0	PCMSK
Gụọ/dee	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Iberibe 7:6 – Res: Bitts echekwara

Edobere ibe n'ibe ndị a na ATtiny25/45/85 ma a ga-agụkwa ya dịka efu.

Iberibe 5: 0 - PCINT[5:0]: Mgbanwe ntụtụ Kwado ihe nkpuchi 5:0

Obere PCINT[5:0] ọ bụla na-ahọrọ ma etinyere ngbanwe ngbanwe pin na pin I/O kwekọrọ. Ọ bụrụ na edobere PCINT[5:0] na etinyere ntakịrị PCIE dị na GIMSK, a na-eme ka nkwụsịtụ mgbanwe pin na pin I/O kwekọrọ. Ọ bụrụ na ekpochapụ PCINT[5:0], nkwụsịtụ mgbanwe ntụtụ na ntụtụ I/O kwekọrọ na-enwe nkwarụ.

ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri I/O

Okwu mmalite

Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri AVR niile nwere ezigbo ọrụ Read-Modify-Dee mgbe ejiri ya dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri I/O dijitalụ izugbe. Nke a pụtara na ntụzịaka nke otu ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike gbanwee n'ebughị ụzọ gbanwee ntụzịaka nke pin ọ bụla ọzọ na ntuziaka SBI na CBI. Otu a na-emetụta mgbe ị na-agbanwe uru mbanye (ma ọ bụrụ na ahazi ya dị ka mmepụta) ma ọ bụ na-eme ka / gbanyụọ resistors na-adọta (ma ọ bụrụ na ahaziri dị ka ntinye). Ihe nchekwa ihe ọ bụla nwere njirimara mbanye symmetrical nwere ma nnukwu sink yana ike isi mmalite. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ahụ siri ike nke ukwuu iji chụpụ ihe ngosi LED ozugbo. Ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri niile nwere ndị resistors a na-ahọpụta n'otu n'otu nwere volta ọkọnọtage invariant iguzogide. Ntụtụ I/O niile nwere diode nchebe na VCC na Ground dị ka egosiri na ya Ọgụgụ 10-1. Tụtụ aka na “Ụdị ọkụ eletrik” na ibe 161 maka ndepụta paramita zuru oke.

Ọgụgụ 10-1. I/O Pin Dakọtara Schematic

Ndebanye aha niile na nrụtụ aka bit dị na ngalaba a ka edere n'ụdị izugbe. Obere obere “x” na-anọchi anya mkpụrụedemede ọnụọgụ maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, obere “n” na-anọchi anya ọnụọgụ bit. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ị na-eji ndebanye aha ma ọ bụ bit na-akọwa na mmemme, a ga-ejirịrị ụdị ahụ. Maka example, PORTB3 maka bit mba. 3 na Port B, ebe a edepụtara n'ozuzu dịka PORTxn. Edepụtara ndebanye aha I/O anụ ahụ na ebe bit "Nkọwa ndebanye aha" na ibe 64.

A na-ekenye ebe nchekwa ebe nchekwa I/O atọ maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla, otu nke ọ bụla maka Ndebanye aha data - PORTx, Ndebanye aha Data Direction - DDRx, na ntinye ntinye Port - PINx. A na-agụ naanị ebe ntinye ntinye I/O Port, ebe a na-agụ/dere Ndebanye aha Data na Ndebanye aha Data Direction. Agbanyeghị, ide otu mgbagha ka ọ dị ntakịrị na ndebanye aha PINx, ga-ebute mgbanwe na ntakịrị kwekọrọ na ndekọ data. Na mgbakwunye, Pull-up Disable – PUD bit in MCUCR na-egbochi ọrụ ndọpụta maka ntụtụ niile na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri niile mgbe edobere ya.

Iji ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri I/O ka akọwara General Digital I/O na “Ports as General Digital I/O” na ibe 53. Ọtụtụ ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ maka njirimara mpụta dị na ngwaọrụ ahụ. Otu esi akọwa ọrụ ọzọ nke ọ bụla na ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri “Ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọzọ” na ibe 57. Rụtụ aka na ngalaba modul nke ọ bụla maka nkọwa zuru ezu nke ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

Rịba ama na ime ka ọrụ ọzọ nke ụfọdụ n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri adịghị emetụta iji ntụtụ ndị ọzọ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ka I/O dijitalụ n'ozuzu.

Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ka General Digital I/O

Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị a bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri I/O nke nwere mwepu dị n'ime nhọrọ. Ọgụgụ 10-2 na-egosi nkọwa ọrụ nke otu pin I/O-port, ebe a na-akpọkarị Pxn.

Ọgụgụ 10-2. General Digital I/O(1)

Na-ahazi pin

Ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla nwere ihe ndebanye aha atọ: DDxn, PORTxn na PINxn. Dị ka e gosiri na "Nkọwa ndebanye aha" na ibe 64, a na-enweta DDxn ibe n'ibe na adreesị DDRx I/O, PORTxn ibe n'ibe na PORTx I/O adreesị, na PINxn ibe n'ibe na adreesị PINx I/O.

Obere DDxn dị na DDRx Register na-ahọrọ ntụzịaka nke ntụtụ a. Ọ bụrụ na edere DDxn mgbagha otu, a na-ahazi Pxn ka ọ bụrụ ntụtụ mmepụta. Ọ bụrụ na edere DDxn mgbagha efu, a na-ahazi Pxn ka ọ bụrụ ntụtụ ntinye.

Ọ bụrụ na edere PORTxn mgbagha otu mgbe ahaziri pin ka ọ bụrụ ntụtụ ntinye, a na-agbanye ihe mgbochi ndọta. Ka ịgbanwuo ihe ndọghachi azụ, PORTxn ga-ederịrị ihe efu efu ma ọ bụ hazie pin ka ọ bụrụ ntụtụ mmepụta. Ekwuru ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ mgbe ọnọdụ nrụpụta na-arụ ọrụ, ọbụlagodi na enweghị elekere na-agba ọsọ.

Ọ bụrụ na edere PORTxn mgbagha otu mgbe a na-ahazi pin ka ọ bụrụ ntụtụ mmepụta, a na-ebugharị pin ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị elu (otu). Ọ bụrụ na edere PORTxn mgbagha efu mgbe ahaziri pin ka ọ bụrụ ntụtụ mmepụta, a na-ebugharị pin ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ala (efu).

Na-atụgharị pin

Ide ihe mgbagha na PINxn na-atụgharị uru PORTxn, na-adabere na uru nke DDRxn. Rịba ama na enwere ike iji ntuziaka SBI gbanwee otu ntakịrị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

Ịgbanwe n'etiti ntinye na mmepụta

Mgbe ị na-agbanwe n'etiti steeti atọ ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b00) na mmepụta dị elu ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b11), steeti etiti nwere ma ọ bụ DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b01 nwere ike ịdọrọ ma ọ bụ mmepụta dị ala. ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b10) ga-emerịrị. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, steeti a na-eme ka ọ dị elu na-anabata nke ọma, ebe ọ bụ na gburugburu ebe dị elu agaghị achọpụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala siri ike na ịdọrọ elu. Ọ bụrụ na nke a abụghị ikpe, enwere ike ịtọ ntakịrị PUD dị na Ndebanye aha MCUCR iji gbanyụọ ndọpụta niile na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri niile.

Ịgbanwe n'etiti ntinye na ntinye aka na mmepụta dị ala na-ebute otu nsogbu ahụ. Onye ọrụ ga-eji steeti atọ ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b00) ma ọ bụ steeti mmepụta dị elu ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b10) dị ka nzọụkwụ etiti.

Tebụl 10-1 na-achịkọta akara njikwa maka uru ntụtụ.

Isiokwu 10-1. Nhazi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri

DDxn	PORTxn	PUD (na MCUCR)	I/O	Dịrị elu	Ikwu
0	0	X	Ntinye	Mba	Tri-state (Hi-Z)
0	1	0	Ntinye	Ee	Pxn ga-ebupụta ugbu a ma ọ bụrụ ext. dọtara ala.
0	1	1	Ntinye	Mba	Tri-state (Hi-Z)
1	0	X	Mpụta	Mba	Nsonaazụ dị ala (Sink)
1	1	X	Mpụta	Mba	Ihe nrụpụta dị elu (Isi iyi)

Ịgụ uru pin

N'adabereghị na ntọala nke Data Direction bit DDxn, enwere ike ịgụ pin ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri site na bit Register PINxn. Dị ka e gosiri na Ọgụgụ 10-2, PINxn Register bit na latch bu ya ụzọ mejuo ihe synchronizer. Nke a dị mkpa iji zere metastability ma ọ bụrụ na ntụtụ anụ ahụ na-agbanwe uru dị nso na nsọtụ elekere ime, mana ọ na-ewebata igbu oge. Ọgụgụ 10-3 na-egosi eserese oge nke mmekọrịta mgbe ị na-agụ uru pin etinyere na mpụga. Nke kacha na kacha nta mgbasa mgbasa na-egosipụta tpd, max na tpd, min n'otu n'otu.

Tụlee oge elekere na-amalite n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọdịda mbụ nke usoro elekere ahụ gasịrị. A na-emechi latch mgbe elekere dị ala, ma na-aga n'ụzọ doro anya mgbe elekere dị elu, dịka e gosipụtara na mpaghara ndò nke akara "SYNC LATCH". A na-emechi uru mgbaama mgbe elekere sistemụ na-agbada ala. A na-emechi ya n'ime Ndebanye aha PINxn n'akụkụ elekere dị mma na-aga nke ọma. Dị ka akụ abụọ tpd, max na tpd,min gosipụtara, otu mgbanwe mgbaàmà na pin ga-egbu oge n'etiti ½ na 1½ usoro elekere dabere na oge nkwuputa.

Mgbe ị na-agụ azụ uru ntụtụ ekenyere sọftụwia, a ga-etinyerịrị ntuziaka nop dị ka egosiri na ya Ọgụgụ 10-4. Ndụmọdụ a na-edobe akara “SYNC LATCH” n'akụkụ dị mma nke elekere. N'okwu a, tpd igbu oge site na synchronizer bụ otu oge elekere sistemụ.

Koodu na-esote example na-egosi otú e si tọọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri B atụdo 0 na 1 elu, 2 na 3 ala, na kọwaa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri atụdo si 4 ka 5 dị ka ntinye na a sere-elu kenyere n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri pin 4. N'ihi pin ụkpụrụ na-agụ azụ ọzọ, ma. dị ka a tụlere na mbụ, a na-etinye ntụziaka nop ka ị nwee ike ịgụghachi uru e kenyere na nso nso a na ụfọdụ ntụtụ.

Koodu Mgbakọ Example(1)

…

; Kọwaa mwepu ma tọọ nsonaazụ dị elu

; Kọwaa ntụzịaka maka ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri

ldi r16,(1<<PB4)|(1<<PB1)|(1<<PB0)

ldi r17,(1<<DDB3)|(1<<DDB2)|(1<<DDB1)|(1<<DDB0)

pụọ PORTB,r16

nke DDRB,r17

; Fanye nop maka mmekọrịta

mba

; Gụọ ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri

na r16, PINB

…

Rịba ama: Maka mmemme mgbakọ ahụ, a na-eji ndekọ abụọ nwa oge iji belata oge site na ịdọrọ elu na-edozi na pin 0, 1 na 4, ruo mgbe edoziri ntụziaka nke ọma, na-akọwa bit 2 na 3 dị ka obere na redefining bits 0 na. 1 dị ka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala siri ike.

Koodu C Example

enweghị akara char i;

…

/* Kọwaa ihe ndọpụ ma tọọ nsonaazụ dị elu */

/* Kọwaa ntụziaka maka ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri */ PORTB = (1 <

DDRB = (1<<DDB3)|(1<<DDB2)|(1<<DDB1)|(1<<DDB0);

/* Tinye nop maka mmekọrịta*/

_NOP();

/* Gụọ ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri */ i = PINB;

…

Ntinye dijitalụ Kwado yana Ụdị ụra

Dị ka e gosiri na Ọgụgụ 10-2, mgbama ntinye dijitalụ nwere ike ịbụ clamped na ala na ntinye nke schmitt-trigger. Mgbama a na-egosi ụra n'ọnụọgụ a, bụ nke MCU na-ahụ maka ụra ụra na-edozi n'ọnọdụ mgbada ike ka ịzenarị ike oriri dị elu ma ọ bụrụ na ụfọdụ akara ntinye aka hapụrụ na-ese n'elu mmiri, ma ọ bụ nwee ọkwa mgbaàmà analog nso VCC/2.

Agbagharala ura maka ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ka ntụtụ nkwụsị nke mpụga. Ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị arịrịọ nkwụsịtụ mpụga, Ụra na-arụkwa ọrụ maka ntụtụ ndị a. Ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche na-ekpuchikwa ụra dị ka akọwara na ya “Ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọzọ” na ibe 57.

Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa dị elu dị elu (“otu”) dị na ntụtụ nkwụsịtụ mpụta asynchronous ahaziri dị ka “Nkwụsịtụ na Rising Edge, Falling Edge, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe mgbagha ọ bụla na pin” ebe emeghị ka nkwụsị nke mpụga ahụ nwee ike, ọkọlọtọ Mpụga Mpụga kwekọrọ. ịtọ mgbe ị na-amalite site na ọnọdụ ụra a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, dị ka clampN'ime ọnọdụ ụra a na-emepụta mgbanwe mgbagha a rịọrọ.

Pin enweghị njikọ

Ọ bụrụ na ejighi ụfọdụ atụdo, a na-atụ aro ka ị hụ na ntụtụ ndị a nwere ọkwa akọwapụtara. N'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ntinye dijitalụ nwere nkwarụ na ụdị ụra miri emi dị ka akọwara n'elu, ekwesịrị izere ntinye na-ese n'elu mmiri iji belata oriri ugbu a n'ụdị ndị ọzọ niile ebe etinyere ntinye dijitalụ (Tọgharia, Active mode na Idle mode).

Ụzọ kachasị mfe iji hụ na ọkwa akọwapụtara nke ntụtụ anaghị eji eme ihe, bụ ime ka ndọpụta dị n'ime. N'okwu a, a ga-enwe nkwarụ ndọtị ahụ n'oge nrụpụta. Ọ bụrụ na ike dị ala n'oge nrụpụta dị mkpa, a na-atụ aro ka iji mpụta mpụta ma ọ bụ mbelata. A naghị atụ aro ijikọ ntụtụ na-ejighị ya ozugbo na VCC ma ọ bụ GND, ebe nke a nwere ike ịkpata oke mmiri ma ọ bụrụ na ahaziri pin ahụ na mberede ka ọ bụrụ mmepụta.

Ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọzọ

Ọtụtụ ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ọrụ ndị ọzọ na mgbakwunye na ịbụ I/Os dijitalụ izugbe. Ọgụgụ 10-5 na-egosi ka njikwa ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri si egosi na ọ dị mfe Ọgụgụ 10-2 enwere ike mebie ya site na ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ihe mgbaàmà ndị na-agafe agafe nwere ike ọ gaghị adị na ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri niile, mana ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nkọwa zuru oke nke dabara na ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri niile na ezinụlọ AVR microcontroller.

Isiokwu 10-2. Nkọwapụta mkpokọta nke akara nbibi maka ọrụ ndị ọzọ

Aha mgbaàmà	Aha n'uju	Nkọwa
PUOE	Mbuli Wepu Kwado	Ọ bụrụ na edobere mgbaama a, mgbama PUUV na-ejikwa ikike mbuli elu. Ọ bụrụ na ehichapụrụ mgbama a, a ga-eme ka ndọpụta ahụ pụta mgbe {DDxn, PORTxn, PUD} = 0b010.
POOV	Mbuli Wepu Uru	Ọ bụrụ na edobere PUOE, a na-eme ka ndọpụta ahụ nwee ike/ gbanyụọ mgbe PUOV edobere/ehichapụ, n'agbanyeghị ntọala DDxn, PORTxn na PUD Register bits.
DDOE	Ntuzi data Wepu Kwado	Ọ bụrụ na edobere mgbaama a, mgbama DDOV na-ejikwa Nrụpụta Ọkwọ ụgbọala. Ọ bụrụ na ehichapụrụ mgbama a, DDxn Register bit na-enyere onye ọkwọ ụgbọala mmepụta aka.
DDOV	Ntuziaka Data Wepu Uru	Ọ bụrụ na edobere DDOE, a na-enyere onye na-anya ihe mmepụta ihe aka/gbanyụọ mgbe edobere/ehichapụ DDOV, n'agbanyeghị ntọala nke bit Register DDxn.
PVOE	Kwado uru Port bara	Ọ bụrụ na edobere mgbaama a na onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-arụ ọrụ, akara ngosi PVOV na-achịkwa uru ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na ekpochapụ PVOE, ma na-arụ ọrụ ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, ọnụ ahịa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-achịkwa PORTxn Register bit.
PVOV	Ọnụ ahịa Port gabiga uru	Ọ bụrụ na edobere PVOE, a na-edozi uru ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na PVOV, n'agbanyeghị ntọala nke PORTxn Register bit.
PTOE	Gbanyụọ Port Toggle Kwado	Ọ bụrụ na edobere PTOE, PORTxn Register ga-atụgharị.
DIEOE	Ntinye dijitalụ Kwado Nwepu Kwado	Ọ bụrụ na edobere bit a, mgbama DIEOV na-achịkwa Ntinye Ntinye Dijitalụ. Ọ bụrụ na ehichapụrụ mgbama a, Digital Input Enable na-ekpebi site na steeti MCU (Ụdị nkịtị, ọnọdụ ụra).
DIEOV	Ntinye dijitalụ Kwado Uru Wepu	Ọ bụrụ na edobere DIEOE, a na-eme ka ntinye dijitalụ nwee ike/gbanyụọ mgbe edobere / kpochaa DIEOV, n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ MCU (ọnọdụ nkịtị, ọnọdụ ụra).
DI	Ntinye Dijitalụ	Nke a bụ ntinye dijitalụ maka ọrụ ọzọ. N'ọnụọgụ a, a na-ejikọta mgbaàmà ahụ na mmepụta nke schmitt-trigger mana tupu synchronizer. Ọ gwụla ma ejighị ntinye dijitalụ dị ka ebe elekere, modul nwere ọrụ ọzọ ga-eji synchronizer nke ya.
AIO	Analog Input / Mmepụta	Nke a bụ ntinye/ mmepụta Analog gaa na/site na ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ejikọrọ akara a ozugbo na pad ahụ, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ abụọ.

Akụkụ ndị a na-akọwa n'oge na-adịghị anya ọrụ ndị ọzọ maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla, ma jikọta akara ndị na-agafe agafe na ọrụ ọzọ. Rụtụ aka na nkọwa ọrụ ọzọ maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ.

Ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke Port B

A na-egosi ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri B nwere ọrụ ọzọ Tebụl 10-3.

Tebụl 10-3. Ọrụ ndị ọzọ Port B ntụtụ

Port Pin	Ọrụ ọzọ
PB5	Tọgharia: Tọgharia pin dW: debugWIRE I/O ADC0: Ọwa Ntinye ADC 0 PCINT5: Nkwụsị mgbanwe ntụtụ, Isi mmalite 5
PB4	XTAL2: Crystal Oscillator Mpụta CLKO: Mmepụta elekere Sistemu ADC2: Ọwa ntinye ADC 2 OC1B: Ngụ oge/Counter1 Tụlee Match B Mpụta PCINT4: Ngbanwe Mgbanwe 0, Isi Iyi 4
PB3	XTAL1: Crystal Oscillator Ntinye CLKI: Ntinye elekere Mpụga ADC3: Ọwa Ntinye ADC 3 OC1B: Ngụkọta oge/Counter1 Tulee Match B Mpụta PCINT3: Ngbanwe Mgbanwe 0, Isi Iyi 3
PB2	SCK: Ntinye elekere serial ADC1: ADC ntinye ọwa 1 T0: Timer/Counter0 isi iyi elekere USCK: USI Elekere (Ụdị waya atọ) SCL : USI elekere (Ụdị waya abụọ) INT0: Mpụga Mpụga 0 Ntinye PCINT2: Ngbanwe Mgbanwe 0, Isi Iyi 2
PB1	MISO: SPI Master Data Ntinye / Mmepụta data ohu AIN1: Analog Comparator, Ntinye na-adịghị mma OC0B: Timer/Counter0 Compare Match B Output OC1A: Timer/Counter1 Compare Match A Output DO: USI Data Output (Ụdị Waya atọ) PCINT1:Pin Change Interrupt 0, Isi mmalite 1
PB0	MOSI:: SPI Master Data Mmepụta / Ntinye data ohu AIN0: Comparator Analog, Ntinye dị mma OC0A: Ngụ oge/Counter0 Tụlee Match A mmepụta OC1A: Ngụ oge/Counter1 na-atụnye Match A Output DI: Ntinye data USI (Ụdị waya atọ) SDA: Ntinye data USI (Ụdị Waya Abụọ) AREF: Ntụaka Analog Mpụga PCINT0: Nkwụsị Mgbanwe Mgbanwe 0, Isi mmalite 0

Port B, Bit 5 – Tọgharia/dW/ADC0/PCINT5

Tọgharia: Ntinye nrụpụta mpụga na-arụ ọrụ dị ala ma na-akwado ya site na enweghị mmemme (“1”) RSTDISBL Fuse. Pullup na-arụ ọrụ yana onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala mmepụta yana ntinye dijitalụ kwụsịrị mgbe ejiri pin dị ka ntụtụ RESET.

dW: Mgbe emebere ngwa debugWIRE Enable (DWEN) fuse na mkpọchi mkpọchi enweghị mmemme, sistemụ debugWIRE dị n'ime ngwaọrụ ebumnuche na-arụ ọrụ. A na-ahazi pin ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri RESET ka ọ bụrụ waya-NA (oghere-mmiri) pin I/O bi-directional nwere ike ịdọrọ wee bụrụ ọnụ ụzọ nkwukọrịta n'etiti ebumnuche na emulator.

ADC0: Analog ka Digital Ntụgharị, Channel 0.

PCINT5: Pin Change nkwụsị isi iyi 5.

Port B, Bit 4 – XTAL2/CLKO/ADC2/OC1B/PCINT4

XTAL2: Chip Clock Oscillator pin 2. A na-eji ya dị ka ntụtụ elekere maka isi mmalite elekere mgbawa niile ewezuga RC Oscillator nwere ike ime na elekere mpụga. Mgbe ejiri ya dị ka ntụtụ elekere, enweghị ike iji pin dị ka ntụtụ I/O. Mgbe ị na-eji ime calibratable RC Oscillator ma ọ bụ Mpụga dị ka isi mmalite elekere mgbawa, PB4 na-eje ozi dị ka pin I/O nkịtị.

CLKO: Elekere sistemụ nwere ike ịpụta na pin PB4. A ga-ewepụta elekere sistemụ kewara ma ọ bụrụ na emebere CKOUT Fuse, n'agbanyeghị ntọala PORTB4 na DDB4. Ọ ga-abụkwa mmepụta n'oge nrụpụta.

ADC2: Analog ka Digital Ntụgharị, Channel 2.

OC1B: Mmepụta Tụlee mmepụta egwuregwu: PB4 pin nwere ike ije ozi dị ka mmepụta mpụga maka Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B mgbe ahazi ya dị ka mmepụta (DDB4 set). Ntụtụ OC1B bụkwa ntụtụ mmepụta maka ọrụ ngụ oge PWM.

PCINT4: Pin Change nkwụsị isi iyi 4.

Port B, Bit 3 – XTAL1/CLKI/ADC3/OC1B/PCINT3

XTAL1: Chip Clock Oscillator pin 1. A na-eji ya maka isi mmalite elekere mgbawa ma e wezụga n'ime calibrateble RC oscillator. Mgbe ejiri ya dị ka ntụtụ elekere, enweghị ike iji pin dị ka ntụtụ I/O.

CLKI: Ntinye elekere sitere na isi mmalite elekere, lee “Oge Mpụga” na ibe 26.

ADC3: Analog ka Digital Ntụgharị, Channel 3.

OC1B: Ntugharị ntụgharị atụnyere mmepụta egwuregwu: PB3 pin nwere ike ije ozi dị ka mmepụta mpụga maka Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B mgbe ahazi ya dị ka mmepụta (DDB3 set). Ntụtụ OC1B bụkwa ntụtụ mmepụta agbanwegharịrị maka ọrụ ngụ oge PWM.

PCINT3: Pin Change nkwụsị isi iyi 3.

Port B, Bit 2 - SCK/ADC1/T0/USCK/SCL/INT0/PCINT2

SCK: Mmepụta elekere Master, ntụtụ ntinye elekere maka ọwa SPI. Mgbe agbanyere SPI dị ka Ohu, a na-ahazi ntụtụ a ka ntinye n'agbanyeghị ntọala nke DDB2. Mgbe enyere SPI dị ka Nna-ukwu, DDPB2 na-achịkwa ntụzịaka data nke ntụtụ a. Mgbe SPI na-amanye pin ka ọ bụrụ ntinye, obere PORTB2 ka nwere ike ịchịkwa ndọpụta ahụ.

ADC1: Analog ka Digital Ntụgharị, Channel 1.

T0: Ngụ oge/Counter0 isi iyi.

USCK: Ụdị waya atọ Universal Serial Interface Elekere.

SCL: Ụdị waya abụọ Oghere Usoro elekere maka USI Ụdị waya abụọ.

INT0: Isi mmalite nkwụsị nke mpụga 0.

PCINT2: Pin Change nkwụsị isi iyi 2.

Port B, Bit 1 – MISO/AIN1/OC0B/OC1A/DO/PCINT1

MISO: Ntinye data Master, ntụtụ mmepụta data maka ọwa SPI. Mgbe agbanyere SPI ka Nna-ukwu, a na-ahazi ntụtụ a ka ntinye n'agbanyeghị ntọala nke DDB1. Mgbe agbanyere SPI dị ka Ohu, DDB1 na-achịkwa ntụzịaka data nke ntụtụ a. Mgbe SPI na-amanye pin ka ọ bụrụ ntinye, obere PORTB1 ka nwere ike ịchịkwa ndọpụta ahụ.

AIN1: Ntinye Analog Comparator adịghị mma. Hazie ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ka ọ bụrụ ntinye na agbanyụrụ mwepu ime ya ka ịzenarị ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dijitalụ ka ọ ghara igbochi ọrụ nke Comparator Analog.

OC0B: Mmepụta tụnyere mmepụta ihe. Ntụtụ PB1 nwere ike ije ozi dị ka mmepụta mpụga maka Timer/Counter0 Compare Match B. A ghaghị ịhazi pin PB1 dị ka mmepụta (DDB1 set (otu)) iji rụọ ọrụ a. Ntụtụ OC0B bụkwa ntụtụ mmepụta maka ọrụ ngụ oge PWM.

OC1A: Mmepụta Compre Match mmepụta: PB1 pin nwere ike ije ozi dị ka mmepụta mpụga maka Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B mgbe ahazi ya dị ka mmepụta (DDB1 set). Ntụtụ OC1A bụkwa ntụtụ mmepụta maka ọrụ ngụ oge PWM.

Mee: Ụdị waya atọ Universal Serial Interface Data mmepụta. Ụdị waya atọ Ihe mmepụta data na-ewepụ uru PORTB1 ma a na-ebuga ya n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mgbe echere data bit DDB1 (otu). PORTB1 ka na-enyere aka ịdọrọ elu, ma ọ bụrụ na ntụziaka bụ ntinye na PORTB1 ka edobere (otu).

PCINT1: Pin Change nkwụsị isi iyi 1.

Port B, Bit 0 – MOSI/AIN0/OC0A/OC1A/DI/SDA/AREF/PCINT0

MOSI: Mmepụta data Master SPI, ntinye data ohu maka ọwa SPI. Mgbe agbanyere SPI dị ka Ohu, a na-ahazi ntụtụ a ka ntinye n'agbanyeghị ntọala nke DDB0. Mgbe agbanyere SPI dị ka Nna-ukwu, DDB0 na-achịkwa ntụzịaka data nke ntụtụ a. Mgbe SPI na-amanye pin ka ọ bụrụ ntinye, PORTB0 bit ka nwere ike ịchịkwa ndọpụta ahụ.

AIN0: Ntinye ihe nlere nke analog. Hazie ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ka ọ bụrụ ntinye na agbanyụrụ mwepu ime ya ka ịzenarị ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dijitalụ ka ọ ghara igbochi ọrụ nke Comparator Analog.

OC0A: Mmepụta tụnyere mmepụta. Ntụtụ PB0 nwere ike ije ozi dị ka mmepụta mpụga maka Timer/Counter0 Compare Match A mgbe ahazi ya dị ka mmepụta (DDB0 set (otu)). Ntụtụ OC0A bụkwa ntụtụ mmepụta maka ọrụ ngụ oge PWM.

OC1A: Ntugharị ntụgharị atụgharịrị atụnyere mmepụta egwuregwu: pin PB0 nwere ike ije ozi dị ka mmepụta mpụga maka Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B mgbe ahazi ya dị ka mmepụta (DDB0 set). Ntụtụ OC1A bụkwa ntụtụ mmepụta agbanwegharịrị maka ọrụ ngụ oge PWM.

SDA: Ọnọdụ waya abụọ Data Interface Serial.

AREF: Ntuziaka Analog Mpụga maka ADC. Akwụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na mmepụta na PB0 mgbe ejiri pin dị ka ntụaka mpụga ma ọ bụ Internal Voltage Reference na mpụga capacitor na AREF pin.

DI: Ntinye data na USI ụdị waya atọ. Udị waya atọ USI anaghị akwụsị ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nkịtị, yabụ na a ga-ahazi pin ka ọ bụrụ ntinye maka ọrụ DI.

PCINT0: Pin Change nkwụsị isi iyi 0.

Tebụl 10-4 na Tebụl 10-5 mekọrịta ọrụ ndị ọzọ nke Port B na akara ndị na-agafe agafe egosiri na Ọgụgụ 10-5 na ibe 58.

Isiokwu 10-4. Ihe nrịbama kpuchiri maka ọrụ ndị ọzọ na PB[5:3]

Aha mgbaàmà	PB5/TỤgharịa/ ADC0/PCINT5	PB4/ADC2/XTAL2/ OC1B/PCINT4	PB3/ADC3/XTAL1/ OC1B/PCINT3
PUOE	RTDISBL(1) • DWƐN(1)	0	0
POOV	1	0	0
DDOE	RTDISBL(1) • DWƐN(1)	0	0
DDOV	DebugWire Nyefee	0	0
PVOE	0	Kwado OC1B	Kwado OC1B
PVOV	0	OC1B	OC1B
PTOE	0	0	0
DIEOE	RTDISBL(1) + (PCINT5 • PCIE + ADC0D)	PCINT4 • PCIE + ADC2D	PCINT3 • PCIE + ADC3D
DIEOV	ADC0D	ADC2D	ADC3D
DI	Ntinye PCINT5	Ntinye PCINT4	Ntinye PCINT3
AIO	Tinyegharịa ntinye, ntinye ADC0	Ntinye ADC2	Ntinye ADC3

Mara: mgbe Fuse bụ “0” (Emebere).

Isiokwu 10-5. Ihe nrịbama kpuchiri maka ọrụ ndị ọzọ na PB[2:0]

Aha mgbaàmà	PB2/SCK/ADC1/T0/ USCK/SCL/INT0/PCINT2	PB1/MISO/DO/AIN1/ OC1A/OC0B/PCINT1	PB0/MOSI/DI/SDA/AIN0/AR EF/OC1A/OC0A/ PCINT0
PUOE	USI_TWO_WIRE	0	USI_TWO_WIRE
POOV	0	0	0
DDOE	USI_TWO_WIRE	0	USI_TWO_WIRE
DDOV	(USI_SCL_HOLD + PORTB2) • DDB2	0	(SDA + PORTB0) • DDB0
PVOE	USI_TWO_WIRE • DDB2	OC0B Kwado + OC1A Kwado + USI_THREE_WIRE	OC0A Kwado + OC1A Kwado + (USI_TWO_WIRE DDB0)
PVOV	0	OC0B + OC1A + mee	OC0A + OC1A
PTOE	USITC	0	0
DIEOE	PCINT2 • PCIE + ADC1D + USISIE	PCINT1 • PCIE + AIN1D	PCINT0 • PCIE + AIN0D + USISIE
DIEOV	ADC1D	AIN1D	AIN0D
DI	T0/USCK/SCL/INT0/ Ntinye PCINT2	Ntinye PCINT1	Ntinye DI/SDA/PCINT0
AIO	Ntinye ADC1	Analog Comparator Ntinye adịghị mma	Ntinye aka nke Comparator Analog

Debanye nkọwa

MCUCR – Ndebanye aha njikwa MCU

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x35	BODS	PUD	SE	SM1	SM0	BODSE	ISC01	ISC00	MCUCR
Gụọ/dee	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Bit 6 – PUD: Gbanyụọ ndọtị

Mgbe edere ntakịrị ihe a na otu, a na-enwe nkwarụ ndọghachi azụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri I/O ọ bụrụgodị na ahaziri DDxn na PORTxn Register iji mee ka ndọpụta ({DDxn, PORTxn} = 0b01). Lee “Ịhazi Pin” na ibe 54 maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ gbasara njirimara a.

PORTB – Port B Data ndekọ

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x18	–	–	PORTB5	PORTB4	PORTB3	PORTB2	PORTB1	PORTB0	PORTB
Gụọ/dee	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

DDRB – Port B Data Direct ndekọ

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x17	–	–	UB5	UB4	UB3	UB2	UB1	UB0	DDRB
Gụọ/dee	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

PINB – Adreesị ntinye ntinye ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri B

Bit	7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0x16	–	–	PINB5	PINB4	PINB3	PINB2	PINB1	PINB0	PINB
Gụọ/dee	R	R	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W	R/W
Uru mbu	0	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

8-bit Timer/Counter0 nwere PWM

Atụmatụ

Mpụta abụọ nọọrọ onwe ha atụnyere nkeji

Tụnyere ndị ndebanye aha ugboro abụọ

Kpochapụ ngụ oge na egwuregwu atụnyere (bugharia akpaaka)

Glitch n'efu, Modulator Width Pulse ziri ezi (PWM)

Oge PWM na-agbanwe agbanwe

Generator Generator

Isi mmalite nkwụsịtụ kwụụrụ onwe atọ (TOV0, OCF0A, na OCF0B)

gafereview

Ngụ oge/Counter0 bụ ebumnuche izugbe 8-bit Timer/Counter modul, yana nkeji ntule ihe nrụpụta nwere onwe abụọ, yana nkwado PWM. Ọ na-enye ohere oge mmemme mmemme ziri ezi (njikwa ihe omume) na ọgbọ ebili mmiri.

E gosipụtara eserese ngọngọ nke dị mfe nke 8-bit Timer/Counter Ọgụgụ 11-1. Maka ndonye ntụtụ I/O n'ezie, rụtụ aka "Pinout ATtiny25/45/85" na ibe 2. Ndị ndebanye aha I/O nwere ike ịnweta CPU, gụnyere I/O ibet na ntụtụ I/O, ka egosiri na nkwuwa okwu. Edepụtara aha ndebanye aha I/O nke ngwaọrụ yana ebe bit na “Nkọwa Deba aha” na ibe 77.

Ihe ngụ oge/Counter (TCNT0) na Mmepụta Compare Registers (OCR0A na OCR0B) bụ ndekọ 8-bit. Arịrịọ nkwụsịtụ (nke a na-akpọ Int.Req. na ọnụ ọgụgụ a) a na-ahụ akara ngosi niile na Ndebanye aha Ọkọlọtọ Ngụ oge (TIFR). A na-ekpuchi nkwụsịtụ niile n'otu n'otu na ndebanye nkpuchi nkpuchi oge (TIMSK). egosighi TIFR na TIMSK na ọnụ ọgụgụ a.

Enwere ike imechi ngụ oge / Counter n'ime, site na prescaler, ma ọ bụ site na isi mmalite elekere dị na pin T0. Clock Select Logic block na-achịkwa isi mmalite elekere na ihu ngụ oge/Counter na-eji abawanye (ma ọ bụ belata) uru ya. Oge/Counter anaghị arụ ọrụ mgbe ahọpụtara isi iyi elekere. A na-akpọ nsonaazụ sitere na mgbagha Clock Select dị ka elekere elekere (clkT0).

A na-atụnyere ndị na-edebanye aha mpụta echekwabara ugboro abụọ (OCR0A na OCR0B) na uru ngụ oge/Counter n'oge niile. Ndị Waveform Generator nwere ike iji nsonaazụ nke atụnyere mepụta PWM ma ọ bụ mmepụta ugboro ugboro na ntinye atụnyere mmepụta (OC0A na OC0B). Hụ “Otu Compare Unit” na ibe 69. maka nkọwa. Ihe omume Compare Match ga-edobe ọkọlọtọ Compare (OCF0A ma ọ bụ OCF0B) nke enwere ike iji mepụta arịrịọ nkwụsịtụ atụnyere mmepụta.

Nkọwa

Ọtụtụ ndebanye aha na ntakịrị ntụaka na ngalaba a ka edere n'ụdị izugbe. Obere okwu “n” na-edochi nọmba ngụ oge/Counter, na nke a 0. Obere “x” na-edochi ihe nrụpụta Compare Unit, na nke a, Tulee Unit A ma ọ bụ Tulee Unit B. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ị na-eji ndekọ ma ọ bụ bit na-akọwa. N'ime mmemme, a ga-ejirịrị ụdị nkenke, ya bụ, TCNT0 maka ịnweta uru ngụ oge/Counter0 na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Nkọwa ndị dị na Tebụl 11-1 a na-ejikwa ọtụtụ ihe n'ime akwụkwọ ahụ dum.

Isiokwu 11-1. Nkọwa

Na-adịgide adịgide	Nkọwa
N'okpuru	Ogwe ahụ ruru ala mgbe ọ ghọrọ 0x00
MAX	Ogwe ahụ na-erute oke ya mgbe ọ ghọrọ 0xFF (ngụkọta 255)
N'elu	Ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na-erute TOP mgbe ọ ruru nhata na uru kachasị elu n'usoro ngụkọ. Enwere ike ịkenye uru TOP ka ọ bụrụ uru etinyere 0xFF (MAX) ma ọ bụ uru echekwara na Ndebanye aha OCR0A. Ọrụ ahụ dabere n'ụdị ọrụ

Ihe ngụ oge/Counter Prescaler na ebe elekere

Enwere ike imechi ngụ oge/Counter site na isi mmalite elekere ma ọ bụ mpụga. A na-ahọrọ isi iyi elekere site na mgbagha Clock Select bụ nke a na-achịkwa n'ibe elekere Họrọ (c) nke dị na ngụ oge/Counter0 Control Register (TCCR0B).

Isi mmalite elekere nke ime na Prescaler

Enwere ike imechi ngụ oge/Counter0 ozugbo site na elekere sistemụ (site na ịtọ CS0[2:0] = 1). Nke a na-enye ọrụ kacha ngwa ngwa, yana oge elekere kacha nke ngụ oge/mgụ elekere ruru usoro elekere (fCLK_I/O). N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike iji otu n'ime mgbata anọ sitere na prescaler dị ka isi mmalite elekere. The prescaled elekere nwere ugboro nke ma

Tọgharia Prescaler

Prescaler bụ n'efu na-agba ọsọ, ya bụ na ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'adabereghị na mgbagha elekere nke Timer/Counter0. Ebe ọ bụ na elekere elekere/ngụta anaghị emetụta prescaler, ọnọdụ nke prescaler ga-enwe mmetụta maka ọnọdụ ebe a na-eji elekere elekere anya. Otu example of a prescaling artifact bụ mgbe agbanyere ngụ oge/counter ma mechie ya site na prescaler (6> CS0[2:0]> 1). Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke usoro elekere usoro site na mgbe enyere ngụ oge aka na ọnụọgụ mbụ pụtara nwere ike ịbụ site na 1 ruo N+1 usoro elekere usoro, ebe N hà nhata nkesa prescaler (8, 64, 256, ma ọ bụ 1024).

Ọ ga-ekwe omume iji ntọgharị Prescaler maka ịmekọrịta ngụ oge/Counter iji mezuo mmemme.

Isi mmalite elekere

Enwere ike iji isi iyi elekere mpụga etinyere na pin T0 dị ka elekere elekere/mgbe counter (clkT0). T0 pin bụ sampna-eduzi otu oge okirikiri elekere sistemụ ọ bụla site na mgbanaka mmekọrịta pin. Emekọrịtara (sampled) a na-agafe akara ngosi

site n'ọnụ detector. Ọgụgụ 11-2 na-egosi eserese ngọngọ arụrụ arụ ọrụ nke mmekọrịta T0 na mgbagha ihe nhụta ihu. A na-emechi ihe ndekọ ahụ na nsọtụ dị mma nke elekere usoro ime (clkI/O). The latch bụ uzo na elu oge nke ime usoro elekere.

Ihe nchọpụta ihu na-emepụta otu pulse clkT0 maka nke ọ bụla dị mma (CS0 [2: 0] = 7) ma ọ bụ adịghị mma (CS0 [2: 0] = 6) ọ na-achọpụta.

A na-echekwa ndị na-edeba aha OCR0x ugboro abụọ mgbe ị na-eji ụdị ọ bụla n'ụdị Modth Pulse Width (PWM). Maka ụdị ọrụ arụ ọrụ nkịtị na nke doro anya na Compare (CTC), enwere nkwarụ okpukpu abụọ. Ihe nchikota okpukpu abụọ na-emekọrịta mmelite nke OCR0x Compare Register na elu ma ọ bụ ala nke usoro ngụkọ. Mmekọrịta ahụ na-egbochi ihe omume nke ogologo ogologo, pulses PWM na-enweghị atụ, si otú a na-eme ka mmepụta ahụ ghara ịnwụ.

Nweta ndekọ aha OCR0x nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya, mana nke a abụghị ikpe. Mgbe agbanyere nkpuchi okpukpu abụọ, CPU nwere ohere ịbanye na ndekọ nchekwa nchekwa OCR0x, ma ọ bụrụ na enwere nkwarụ okpukpu abụọ, CPU ga-enweta OCR0x ozugbo.

Manye mmepụta atụnyere

N'ụdị ọgbọ na-abụghị PWM, enwere ike ịmanye mmepụta egwuregwu nke comparator site na ide otu na ntakịrị ihe nrụpụta Force Compare (FOC0x). Ịmanye Compare Match agaghị edobe ọkọlọtọ OCF0x ma ọ bụ bugharịa / kpochapụ oge, mana a ga-emelite pin OC0x dị ka a ga-asị na ezigbo Compare Match mere (ntọala COM0x[1: 0] na-akọwa ma edobere pin OC0x, kpochapụ. ma ọ bụ gbanwee).

Tulee ngọngọ egwuregwu site na TCNT0 Dee

Ọrụ CPU niile na-edebanye aha na TCNT0 ga-egbochi Match ọ bụla na-eme n'usoro elekere na-esote, ọbụlagodi mgbe akwụsịre ngụ oge. Njirimara a na-enye ohere ka ịmalite OCR0x ka ọ bụrụ otu uru dị ka TCNT0 na-enweghị ịkpalite nkwụsị mgbe agbanyere elekere / Counter.

Iji nkeji atụnyere mmepụta

Ebe ọ bụ na ịde TCNT0 n'ụdị ọrụ ọ bụla ga-egbochi Matches niile Tulee maka otu elekere elekere, enwere ihe egwu dị n'ime mgbe ị na-agbanwe TCNT0 mgbe ị na-eji Ngalaba Compare, n'adabereghị ma ngụ oge/Counter na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ na ọ naghị. Ọ bụrụ na uru edere na TCNT0 hà nhata OCR0x, a ga-atụfu Match Compare, na-ebute ọgbọ na-efegharị efegharị ezighi ezi. N'otu aka ahụ, edela uru TCNT0 hà nhata BOTTOM mgbe counter na-agụta ala.

Ekwesịrị ịme nhazi nke OC0x tupu ịtọọ Ndebanye aha Ntuziaka Data maka ntụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ka ọ pụta. Ụzọ kachasị mfe isi ịtọ uru OC0x bụ iji Force Output Compare (FOC0x) strobe bits na ọnọdụ nkịtị. Ndị na-edeba aha OC0x na-edobe ụkpụrụ ha ọbụlagodi mgbe ha na-agbanwe n'etiti ụdị Waveform Generation.

Mara na ibe COM0x[1:0] anaghị echekwa okpukpu abụọ yana uru atụnyere. Ịgbanwe ibe COM0x[1:0] ga-amalite ozugbo.

Tụlee nkeji mmepụta egwuregwu

Ụdị mmepụta atụnyere (COM0x[1:0]) nwere ọrụ abụọ. Ndị na-emepụta Waveform na-eji COM0x[1:0] ibe n'ibe maka ịkọwapụta mmepụta Compare (OC0x) steeti na asọmpi Compare na-esote. Ọzọkwa, ibe COM0x[1:0] na-achịkwa isi mmalite pin OC0x. Ọgụgụ 11-6 na-egosi atụmatụ dị mfe nke mgbagha nke ntọala COM0x[1:0] metụtara. A na-egosi ndị na-edeba aha I/O, ibe I/O, na ntụtụ I/O dị na ọnụ ọgụgụ a n'atụghị egwu. Naanị akụkụ nke izugbe I/O Port Control Registers (DDR na PORT) nke ibe COM0x[1:0] na-emetụta ka egosiri. Mgbe ị na-ezo aka na steeti OC0x, ntụaka a bụ maka ndebanye aha OC0x dị n'ime, ọ bụghị pin OC0x. Ọ bụrụ ntọgharị sistemu emee, a ga-atọgharị ndekọ OC0x ka ọ bụrụ “0”.

Mgbe ejikọrọ OC0A/OC0B na pin I/O, ọrụ nke COM0A[1:0]/COM0B[1:0] ibe n'ibe na-adabere na ntọala WGM0[2:0]. Tebụl 11-2 na-egosi ọrụ COM0x[1:0] bit mgbe etinyere ibe n'ibe WGM0[2:0] na ọnọdụ nkịtị ma ọ bụ CTC (na-abụghị PWM).

Isiokwu 11-2. Tulee Ụdị mmepụta, na-abụghị PWM Ụdị

COM0A1 CO0B1	COM0A0 CO0B0	Nkọwa
0	0	Ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nkịtị, OC0A/OC0B kwụsịrị.
0	1	Gbanwee OC0A/OC0B na Compre Match
1	0	Kpochapụ OC0A/OC0B na Match Compre
1	1	Tọọ OC0A/OC0B na Compare Match

Tebụl 11-3 na-egosi ọrụ COM0x[1:0] mgbe a na-ahazi ibe WGM0[2:0] ka ọ bụrụ ụdị PWM ngwa ngwa.

Isiokwu 11-3. Tulee ọnọdụ mmepụta, ngwa ngwa PWM mode(1)

COM0A1 CO0B1	COM0A0 CO0B0	Nkọwa
0	0	Ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nkịtị, OC0A/OC0B kwụsịrị.
0	1	Echekwara
1	0	Kpochapụ OC0A/OC0B na Compare Match, tọọ OC0A/OC0B na BOTTOM (ọnọdụ anaghị agbanwe agbanwe)
1	1	Tọọ OC0A/OC0B na Compare Match, kpochapụ OC0A/OC0B na BOTTOM (ọnọdụ ntụgharị)

Mara: Okwu pụrụ iche na-eme mgbe OCR0A ma ọ bụ OCR0B hà TOP na COM0A1/COM0B1 atọrọ. N'okwu a, a na-eleghara egwuregwu ntụnyere anya, mana a na-eme nhazi ma ọ bụ doro anya na BOTTOM. Lee “Ụdị PWM ngwa ngwa” na ibe 73 maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ.

Tebụl 11-4 na-egosi ọrụ COM0x[1:0] mgbe etinyere ibe WGM0[2:0] ka ọ bụrụ usoro PWM ziri ezi.

Isiokwu 11-4. Tulee Ụdị mmepụta, Usoro PWM ziri ezi(1)

COM0A1 CO0B1	COM0A0 CO0B0	Nkọwa
0	0	Ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nkịtị, OC0A/OC0B kwụsịrị.
0	1	Echekwara
1	0	Kpochapụ OC0A/OC0B na Compre Match mgbe a na-agụta ya. Tọọ OC0A/OC0B na Tulee Match mgbe ị na-agụta ala.
1	1	Tọọ OC0A/OC0B na Tulee Match mgbe a na-agụta ọnụ. Kpochapụ OC0A/OC0B na Compre Match mgbe ị na-agụta ala.

Mara: 1. Okwu pụrụ iche na-eme mgbe OCR0A ma ọ bụ OCR0B ha nhata TOP na COM0A1/COM0B1 atọrọ. N'okwu a, a na-eleghara Match Compare, mana a na-eme nhazi ma ọ bụ doro anya na TOP. Lee "Ụdị PWM ziri ezi" na ibe 74 maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ.

Iberibe 3:2 – Res: Bitts echekwara

Edobere ibe n'ibe ndị a na ATtiny25/45/85 ma a ga-agụkwa ya dịka efu.

Bits 1:0 – WGM0[1:0]: Ụdị Ọgbọ Waveform

Ejikọtara ya na bit WGM02 achọtara na Ndebanye aha TCCR0B, ibe n'ibe ndị a na-achịkwa usoro ngụkọ nke counter, isi iyi maka uru ọnụ ahịa kacha (TOP), yana ụdị ụdị ọgbara ọhụrụ a ga-eji, lee. Tebụl 11-5. Ụdị ọrụ nke nkeji oge/Counter na-akwado bụ: Ụdị nkịtị (counter), Clear Timer on Compare Match (CTC) mode, na ụdị abụọ nke Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). "Ụdị ọrụ" na ibe 71).

Isiokwu 11-5. Nkọwa ọwa Waveform Generation Mode Bit nkọwa

Ụdị	WGM 02	WGM 01	WGM 00	Ụdị ọrụ ngụ oge/Counter	N'elu	Mmelite OCRx na	Tọọ ọkọlọtọ TOV
0	0	0	0	Nkịtị	0xFF	Ngwa ngwa	MAX(1)
1	0	0	1	PWM, Usoro ziri ezi	0xFF	N'elu	N'okpuru(2)
2	0	1	0	CTC	OCR	Ngwa ngwa	MAX(1)
3	0	1	1	Ngwa ngwa PWM	0xFF	N'okpuru(2)	MAX(1)
4	1	0	0	Echekwara	–	–	–
5	1	0	1	PWM, Usoro ziri ezi	OCR	N'elu	N'okpuru(2)
6	1	1	0	Echekwara	–	–	–
7	1	1	1	Ngwa ngwa PWM	OCR	N'okpuru(2)	N'elu

Bit 7 – FOC0A: Mpụpụta Ike Tulee A

Obere FOC0A na-arụ ọrụ naanị mgbe ibe WGM na-akọwapụta ọnọdụ na-abụghị PWM.

Agbanyeghị, maka ịhụ na ndakọrịta na ngwaọrụ ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, a ga-edobe ntakịrị a ka ọ bụrụ efu mgbe edere TCCR0B mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ PWM. Mgbe ị na-ede ihe ezi uche dị na ya na ntakịrị FOC0A, a na-amanye Match Compare ozugbo na ngalaba Waveform Generation. A na-agbanwe mmepụta OC0A dịka ntọala COM0A[1:0] ya siri dị. Rịba ama na etinyere ntakịrị FOC0A dị ka strobe. Ya mere ọ bụ uru dị na ibe COM0A[1:0] na-ekpebi mmetụta nke ntụnyere mmanye.

FOC0A strobe agaghị ewepụta nkwụsịtụ ọ bụla, ọ gaghịkwa ehichapụ oge na ọnọdụ CTC site na iji OCR0A dị ka TOP. A na-agụ ntakịrị FOC0A ka ọ bụrụ efu.

Bit 6 – FOC0B: Mpụpụta Ike Tulee B

Obere FOC0B na-arụ ọrụ naanị mgbe ibe WGM na-akọwapụta ọnọdụ na-abụghị PWM.

Agbanyeghị, maka ịhụ na ndakọrịta na ngwaọrụ ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, a ga-edobe ntakịrị a ka ọ bụrụ efu mgbe edere TCCR0B mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ PWM. Mgbe ị na-ede ihe ezi uche dị na ya na ntakịrị FOC0B, a na-amanye Match Compare ozugbo na ngalaba Waveform Generation. A na-agbanwe mmepụta OC0B dịka ntọala COM0B[1:0] ya siri dị. Rịba ama na a na-emejuputa bit FOC0B dị ka strobe. Ya mere ọ bụ uru dị na COM0B[1:0] ibe n'ibe na-ekpebi mmetụta nke atụnyere mmanye.

FOC0B strobe agaghị ewepụta nkwụsịtụ ọ bụla, ọ gaghịkwa ehichapụ oge na ọnọdụ CTC site na iji OCR0B dị ka TOP.

A na-agụ ntakịrị FOC0B ka ọ bụrụ efu.

Iberibe 5:4 – Res: Bitts echekwara

Edobere ibe n'ibe ndị a na ATtiny25/45/85 ma a ga-agụkwa ya dịka efu.

Bit 3 – WGM02: Ụdị Ọgbọ Waveform

Hụ nkọwa na “TCCR0A – Ndebanye aha njikwa oge/Counter A” na ibe 77.

Iberibe 2:0 - CS0[2:0]: Họrọ elekere

Ihe elekere atọ ahụ Họrọ ibe n'ibe họrọ ebe elekere ga-eji ngụ oge/Counter.

Isiokwu 11-6. Elekere Họrọ nkọwa Bit

CS02	CS01	CS00	Nkọwa
0	0	0	Enweghị isi mmalite elekere (ngụ oge/ọnụọgụ kwụsịrị)
0	0	1	clkI/O/ (Ọ dịghị prescaling)
0	1	0	clkI/O/8 (sitere na prescaler)
0	1	1	clkI/O/64 (sitere na prescaler)
1	0	0	clkI/O/256 (sitere na prescaler)
1	0	1	clkI/O/1024 (sitere na prescaler)
1	1	0	Isi mmalite elekere mpụga na pin T0. Elekere na nsọtụ dara.
1	1	1	Isi mmalite elekere mpụga na pin T0. Elekere na nsọtụ na-arị elu.

Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ụdị ntụtụ mpụga maka Timer/Counter0, ntụgharị na pin T0 ga-emechi counter ọ bụrụgodị na ahaziri pin ahụ ka ọ bụrụ mmepụta. Njirimara a na-enye ohere njikwa ngwanrọ na-agụta.

Counter na atụnyere nkeji

A na-akọwa ọrụ izugbe nke Timer/Counter1 n'ụdị asynchronous yana arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ mmekọrịta naanị ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdị abụọ a. Ọgụgụ 12-2 na-egosi ngụ oge/Counter 1 mmekọrịta ndekọ ngọngọ eserese na oge mmekọrịta n'etiti ndekọ. Rịba ama na egosighi nkọwa ntinye elekere niile na foto a. Ụkpụrụ ndebanye aha Timer/Counter1 na-aga site na ndekọ mmekọrịta n'ime ime, nke na-ebute oge mmekọrịta ntinye, tupu emetụta ọrụ counter. Enwere ike ịgụta ndekọ TCCR1, GTCCR, OCR1A, OCR1B na OCR1C ozugbo ị dechara aha ahụ. Ụkpụrụ azụ azụ na-egbu oge maka ndebanye aha Timer/Counter1 (TCNT1) na ọkọlọtọ (OCF1A, OCF1B, na TOV1), n'ihi ntinye na mmepụta mmekọrịta.

Timer/Counter1 na-egosipụta mkpebi dị elu yana ezigbo ojiji dị elu yana ohere prescaling dị ala. Ọ nwekwara ike na-akwado abụọ ziri ezi, nnukwu ọsọ, 8-bit Pulse Width Modulators na-eji elekere ọsọ ruo 64 MHz (ma ọ bụ 32 MHz na Low Speed Mode). N'ụdị a, Timer/Counter1 na mmepụta atụnyere ndekọ na-eje ozi dị ka PWM abụọ kwụ ọtọ nwere mpụta na-enweghị ntụgharị na ntụgharị. Tụtụ aka na ibe 86 maka nkọwa zuru ezu na ọrụ a. N'otu aka ahụ, ohere prescaling dị elu na-eme ka nkeji a baa uru maka ọrụ ọsọ dị ala ma ọ bụ ọrụ oge kpọmkwem yana omume na-adịghị adịkarị.

Ọgụgụ 12-2. Ihe ngụ oge/Counter 1 Mmekọrịta ndekọ ngọngọ eserese.

Timer/Counter1 na prescaler na-enye ohere ka CPU na-agba ọsọ site na isi iyi elekere ọ bụla mgbe prescaler na-arụ ọrụ na ngwa ngwa 64 MHz (ma ọ bụ 32 MHz na Ọnọdụ Obere Ọsọ) PCK elekere na ọnọdụ asynchronous.

Rịba ama na ugboro elekere sistemụ ga-adị ala karịa otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ugboro PCK. Usoro mmekọrịta nke asynchronous Timer/Counter1 chọrọ opekata mpe akụkụ abụọ nke PCK mgbe elekere sistemụ dị elu. Ọ bụrụ na ugboro nke usoro elekere dị oke elu, ọ bụ ihe ize ndụ na data ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ njikwa na-efunahụ.

Ndị a Ọgụgụ 12-3 na-egosi eserese ngọngọ maka ngụ oge/Counter1.

Isiokwu 12-1. Tụlee ọnọdụ Họrọ n'ụdị PWM

COM1x1	COM1x0	Mmetụta dị na Mpụpụ Tulee Pin
0	0	Ejikọtaghị OC1x. Ejikọtaghị OC1x.
0	1	OC1x kpochapụrụ na ntụnyere. Tọọ mgbeTCNT1 = $00. OC1x atọrọ na ntụnyere. A kpochapụrụ mgbe TCNT1 = $00.
1	0	OC1x kpochapụrụ na ntụnyere. Tọọ mgbe TCNT1 = $00. Ejikọtaghị OC1x.
1	1	OC1x Tọọ na ntụnyere. A kpochapụrụ mgbe TCNT1= $00. Ejikọtaghị OC1x.

Njirimara ADC

Isiokwu 21-8. Njirimara ADC, Ọwa gwụchara. TA = -40°C ruo +85°C

Akara	Oke	Ọnọdụ	Min	Ụdị	Oke	Nkeji
	Mkpebi				10	Iberibe
	Izi ezi zuru oke (gụnyere INL, DNL, na Quantization, Gain and Offset)	VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, ADC elekere = 200 kHz		2		LSB
		VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, ADC elekere = 1 MHz		3		LSB
		VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, ADC elekere = 200 kHz Ụdị Mbelata mkpọtụ		1.5		LSB
		VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, ADC elekere = 1 MHz Ụdị Mbelata mkpọtụ		2.5		LSB
	Integral Non-linearity (INL) (nke ziri ezi mgbe emechara ma nweta nhazigharị)	VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, ADC elekere = 200 kHz		1		LSB
	Ihe dị iche na-abụghị linearity (DNL)	VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, ADC elekere = 200 kHz		0.5		LSB
	Enweta mperi	VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, ADC elekere = 200 kHz		2.5		LSB
	Njehie mwepu	VREF = 4V, VCC = 4V, ADC elekere = 200 kHz		1.5		LSB
	Oge ntụgharị	Ntugharị na-agba ọsọ efu	14		280	Ugochukwu
	Ugboro elekere		50		1000	kHz
VIN	Ntinye Voltage		GND		VREF	V
	Tinye bandwit			38.4		kHz
AREF	Ntụaka Mpụga Voltage		2.0		VCC	V
VINT	Ime Voltage ntụaka		1.0	1.1	1.2	V
VINT	Ntụtụ aka 2.56V dị n'ime (1)	VCC> 3.0V	2.3	2.56	2.8	V
RREF				32		kụọ
MMIRI	Nguzogide Ntinye Analog			100		MM
	Mmepụta ADC		0		1023	LSB

Mara: 1. Uru bụ naanị ntuziaka.

Isiokwu 21-9. Njirimara ADC, Ọwa dị iche (Unipolar Mode). TA = -40°C ruo +85°C

Akara	Oke	Ọnọdụ	Min	Ụdị	Oke	Nkeji
	Mkpebi	uru = 1x			10	Iberibe
	Mkpebi	uru = 20x			10	Iberibe
	Izi ezi zuru oke (gụnyere INL, DNL, na Nkwakọba, uru na mperi mperi)	uru = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		10.0		LSB
		uru = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		20.0		LSB
	Integral Non-Linearity (INL) (nke ziri ezi mgbe mwepu na Nweta Calibration)	uru = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		4.0		LSB
		uru = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		10.0		LSB
	Enweta mperi	uru = 1x		10.0		LSB
	Enweta mperi	uru = 20x		15.0		LSB
	Njehie mwepu	uru = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		3.0		LSB
	Njehie mwepu	uru = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		4.0		LSB
	Oge ntụgharị	Ntugharị na-agba ọsọ efu	70		280	Ugochukwu
	Ugboro elekere		50		200	kHz
VIN	Ntinye Voltage		GND		VCC	V
VDIFF	Ntinye dị iche Voltage				VREF/uru	V
	Tinye bandwit			4		kHz
AREF	Ntụaka Mpụga Voltage		2.0		VCC - 1.0	V
VINT	Ime Voltage ntụaka		1.0	1.1	1.2	V
VINT	Ntụtụ aka 2.56V dị n'ime (1)	VCC> 3.0V	2.3	2.56	2.8	V
RREF	Nguzogide Ntinye ntụaka			32		kụọ
MMIRI	Nguzogide Ntinye Analog			100		MM
	Mmepụta Ntụgharị ADC		0		1023	LSB

Mara: Uru bụ naanị ntuziaka.

Isiokwu 21-10. Njirimara ADC, Ọwa dị iche iche (Ụdị Bipolar). TA = -40°C ruo +85°C

Akara	Oke	Ọnọdụ	Min	Ụdị	Oke	Nkeji
	Mkpebi	uru = 1x			10	Iberibe
	Mkpebi	uru = 20x			10	Iberibe
	Izi ezi zuru oke (gụnyere INL, DNL, na Nkwakọba, uru na mperi mperi)	uru = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		8.0		LSB
		uru = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		8.0		LSB
	Integral Non-Linearity (INL) (nke ziri ezi mgbe mwepu na Nweta Calibration)	uru = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		4.0		LSB
		uru = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		5.0		LSB
	Enweta mperi	uru = 1x		4.0		LSB
	Enweta mperi	uru = 20x		5.0		LSB
	Njehie mwepu	uru = 1x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		3.0		LSB
	Njehie mwepu	uru = 20x VREF = 4V, VCC = 5V ADC elekere = 50 - 200 kHz		4.0		LSB
	Oge ntụgharị	Ntugharị na-agba ọsọ efu	70		280	Ugochukwu
	Ugboro elekere		50		200	kHz
VIN	Ntinye Voltage		GND		VCC	V
VDIFF	Ntinye dị iche Voltage				VREF/uru	V
	Tinye bandwit			4		kHz
AREF	Ntụaka Mpụga Voltage		2.0		VCC - 1.0	V
VINT	Ime Voltage ntụaka		1.0	1.1	1.2	V
VINT	Ntụtụ aka 2.56V dị n'ime (1)	VCC> 3.0V	2.3	2.56	2.8	V
RREF	Nguzogide Ntinye ntụaka			32		kụọ
MMIRI	Nguzogide Ntinye Analog			100		MM
	Mmepụta Ntụgharị ADC		-512		511	LSB

Nchịkọta Nhazi ntuziaka

Mnemonics	Na-arụ ọrụ	Nkọwa	Ọrụ	Ọkọlọtọ	# Elekere
NDỤMỌDỤ ARTHMETIC NA LOGIC
gbakwunye	Rd, Rr	Tinye ndekọ abụọ	Rd ← Rd + Rr	Z,C,N,V,H	1
ADC	Rd, Rr	Tinye ya na iburu ndebanye aha abụọ	Rd ← Rd + Rr + C	Z,C,N,V,H	1
ADIW	Rdl, K	Tinye ngwa ngwa na Okwu	Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl + K	Z,C,N,V,S	2
SUB	Rd, Rr	Wepụ ndekọ abụọ	Rd ← okporo ụzọ – Rr	Z,C,N,V,H	1
SUBI	Rd, K	Wepụ Constant na Ndebanye aha	Rd ← okporo ụzọ – K	Z,C,N,V,H	1
SBC	Rd, Rr	Wepu ya na iburu ndebanye aha abụọ	Rd ← Rd – Rr – C	Z,C,N,V,H	1
SBCI	Rd, K	Wepụ ya na Carry Constant na Reg.	Rd ← okporo ụzọ - K-C	Z,C,N,V,H	1
SBIW	Rdl, K	Wepụ ozugbo na Okwu	Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl – K	Z,C,N,V,S	2
NA	Rd, Rr	Ihe ezi uche dị na ya na ndị na-edebanye aha	Rd ← okporo ụzọ ∙ Rr	Z,N,V	1
ANDI	Rd, K	Ezi uche NA ndekọ na mgbe niile	Rd ← okporo ụzọ ∙ K	Z,N,V	1
OR	Rd, Rr	Ihe ezi uche dị na ya ma ọ bụ ndebanye aha	Rd ← Rd v Rr	Z,N,V	1
ORI	Rd, K	Ezi uche ma ọ bụ ndekọ na mgbe niile	Rd ← Rd v K	Z,N,V	1
EOR	Rd, Rr	Naanị ma ọ bụ ndebanye aha	Rd ← okporo ụzọ ⊕ Rr	Z,N,V	1
COM	Rd	Onye Mmeju	Rd ← 0xFF - okporo ụzọ	Z,C,N,V	1
NEG	Rd	Mmeju abụọ	Rd ← 0x00 - okporo ụzọ	Z,C,N,V,H	1
SBR	Rd,K	Tọọ Bit(s) na Ndebanye aha	Rd ← Rd v K	Z,N,V	1
CBR	Rd,K	Kpochapụ Bit(s) na Ndebanye aha	Rd ← okporo ụzọ ∙ (0xFF – K)	Z,N,V	1
INC	Rd	Mmụba	Ụzọ okporo ụzọ ← Rd + 1	Z,N,V	1
DEC	Rd	Mbibi	Rd ← okporo ụzọ - 1	Z,N,V	1
NSB	Rd	Nwalee maka efu ma ọ bụ mwepu	Rd ← okporo ụzọ ∙ okporo ụzọ	Z,N,V	1
CLR	Rd	Kpochapụ ndekọ	Rd ← Okporo ụzọ ⊕ okporo ụzọ	Z,N,V	1
SER	Rd	Tọọ ndekọ	Rd ← 0xFF	Ọ dịghị	1
Ntụziaka alaka
RJMP	k	Mwụli nke ikwu	PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	2
IJMP		Malie na-apụtaghị ìhè gaa na (Z)	PC ← Z	Ọ dịghị	2
RALL	k	Oku Subroutine emetụtara	PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	3
AKPỌRỌ M		Oku na-apụtaghị ìhè na (Z)	PC ← Z	Ọ dịghị	3
RET		Nlaghachi subroutine	PC ← ngwugwu	Ọ dịghị	4
RETI		Nlaghachi nkwụsị	PC ← ngwugwu	I	4
CPSE	Rd,Rr	Tulee, gaa ma ọ bụrụ nha nha	Ọ bụrụ na (Rd = Rr) PC ← PC + 2 ma ọ bụ 3	Ọ dịghị	1/2/3
CP	Rd,Rr	Tulee	Rd - Rr	Z, N,V,C,H	1
CPC	Rd,Rr	Tulee ya na Carry	Rd - Rr - C	Z, N,V,C,H	1
CPI	Rd,K	Tulee Ndebanye aha na ngwa ngwa	Rd-K	Z, N,V,C,H	1
SBRC	Rr, b	Mafee ma ọ bụrụ na ehichapụrụ Bit na Ndebanye aha	ọ bụrụ (Rr(b)=0) PC ← PC + 2 ma ọ bụ 3	Ọ dịghị	1/2/3
SBRS	Rr, b	Mafere ma ọ bụrụ na edobere Bit na Ndebanye aha	ọ bụrụ (Rr(b)=1) PC ← PC + 2 ma ọ bụ 3	Ọ dịghị	1/2/3
SBIC	P, b	Mafere ma ọ bụrụ na ehichapụrụ Bit na ndebanye aha I/O	Ọ bụrụ na (P(b)=0) PC ← PC + 2 ma ọ bụ 3	Ọ dịghị	1/2/3
SBIS	P, b	Mafee ma ọ bụrụ na edobere Bit na ndebanye aha I/O	Ọ bụrụ na (P(b)=1) PC ← PC + 2 ma ọ bụ 3	Ọ dịghị	1/2/3
BRBS	s, k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ Tọọ ọkọlọtọ Ọkwa	Ọ bụrụ (SREG(s) = 1) wee PC←PC+k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRBC	s, k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na ehichapụrụ ọkọlọtọ	Ọ bụrụ (SREG(s) = 0) wee PC←PC+k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BREQ	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ Haha	Ọ bụrụ na (Z = 1) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRNE	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na Haghị nhata	Ọ bụrụ na (Z = 0) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRCS	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na ebu Set	Ọ bụrụ na (C = 1) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRCC	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na ebupu ya	Ọ bụrụ na (C = 0) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRSH	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ otu ma ọ bụ karịa	Ọ bụrụ na (C = 0) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRLO	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ Lower	Ọ bụrụ na (C = 1) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRMI	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ mwepu	Ọ bụrụ na (N = 1) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRPL	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ Plus	Ọ bụrụ na (N = 0) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRGE	k	Alaka ọ bụrụ Ka Ukwuu ma ọ bụ Haha, Binyere aka	Ọ bụrụ na (N ⊕ V= 0) wee PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRLT	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-erughị efu, bịanyere aka na ya	Ọ bụrụ na (N ⊕ V= 1) wee PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRHS	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na ọkara na-ebu ọkọlọtọ	Ọ bụrụ na (H = 1) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRHC	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na ekpochapụ ọkara na-ebu ọkọlọtọ	Ọ bụrụ na (H = 0) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRTS	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ T Ọkọlọtọ T	Ọ bụrụ na (T = 1) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRTC	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na ekpochapụ ọkọlọtọ T	Ọ bụrụ na (T = 0) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRVS	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na edobere ọkọlọtọ oke mmiri	Ọ bụrụ na (V = 1) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRVC	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na ehichapụrụ ọkọlọtọ nfebigara ókè	Ọ bụrụ na (V = 0) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
BRIE	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na agbanyere nkwụsị	Ọ bụrụ na (I = 1) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
AKWỤKWỌ	k	Alaka ma ọ bụrụ na agbanyụrụ	Ọ bụrụ na (I = 0) mgbe ahụ PC ← PC + k + 1	Ọ dịghị	1/2
NDỤMỌDỤ BIT NA NTỤTA Nnwale
SBI	P,b	Tọọ Bit na Ndebanye aha I/O	I/O(P,b) ← 1	Ọ dịghị	2
CBI	P,b	Kpochapụ Bit na Ndebanye aha I/O	I/O(P,b) ← 0	Ọ dịghị	2
LSL	Rd	Mgbanwe ezi uche dị na aka ekpe	Rd(n+1) ← Rd(n), Rd(0) ← 0	Z,C,N,V	1
LSR	Rd	Mgbanwe ezi uche dị na ya	Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), Rd(7) ← 0	Z,C,N,V	1
Rool	Rd	Gagharịa n'aka ekpe Site na-ebu	Rd(0)←C,Rd(n+1)← Rd(n),C←Rd(7)	Z,C,N,V	1
ROR	Rd	Tụgharịa Right Site na-ebu	Rd(7)←C,Rd(n)← Rd(n+1),C←Rd(0)	Z,C,N,V	1
ASR	Rd	Mgbanwe Arthmetic Right	Rd(n) ← Rd(n+1), n=0..6	Z,C,N,V	1

Mnemonics	Na-arụ ọrụ	Nkọwa	Ọrụ	Ọkọlọtọ	# Elekere
SWAP	Rd	Gbanwee Nibbles	Rd(3..0)←Rd(7..4),Rd(7..4)←Rd(3..0)	Ọ dịghị	1
BSET	s	Ntọala ọkọlọtọ	SREG(s) ← 1	SREG(s)	1
BCLR	s	Kpebie ọkọlọtọ	SREG(s) ← 0	SREG(s)	1
BST	Rr, b	Storelọ ahịa Bit sitere na ndekọ gaa na T	T ← Rr(b)	T	1
BLD	Rd, b	Ibu Bit si T gaa na Debanye aha	Rd(b) ← T	Ọ dịghị	1
SEC		Tọọ ibu	C ← 1	C	1
CLC		Kpochapụ ibu	C ← 0	C	1
SEN		Tọọ ọkọlọtọ na-adịghị mma	N ← 1	N	1
CLN		Kpochapụ ọkọlọtọ na-adịghị mma	N ← 0	N	1
SEZ		Tọọ ọkọlọtọ efu	Z ← 1	Z	1
CLZ		Kpochapụ ọkọlọtọ efu	Z ← 0	Z	1
SEI		Kwado nkwụsị zuru ụwa ọnụ	I ← 1	I	1
CLI		Gbanyụọ nkwụsị zuru ụwa ọnụ	I ← 0	I	1
SES		Tọọ ọkọlọtọ ule mbinye aka	S ← 1	S	1
CLS		Kpochapụ ọkọlọtọ ule mbinye aka	S ← 0	S	1
SEV		Tọọ njupụta nke abụọ zuru oke.	V ← 1	V	1
CLV		Kpochapụ Mmeju nke Abụọ	V ← 0	V	1
SET		Tọọ T na SREG	T ← 1	T	1
CLT		Kpochapụ T na SREG	T ← 0	T	1
AHỤ		Tọọ Ọkara Ọkọlọtọ na SREG	H ← 1	H	1
CLH		Kpochapụ ọkọlọtọ Half Carry na SREG	H ← 0	H	1
Ntuziaka nnyefe data
MOV	Rd, Rr	Gaa n'etiti ndị na-edebanye aha	Rd ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	1
MOVW	Rd, Rr	Detuo Okwu ndekọ	Rd+1:Rd ← Rr+1:Rr	Ọ dịghị	1
LDI	Rd, K	Ibu ngwa ngwa	Rd ← K	Ọ dịghị	1
LD	Rd, X	Ibu ibu na-apụtaghị ìhè	Rd ← (X)	Ọ dịghị	2
LD	Rd, X+	Budata Indirect na Post-Inc.	Rd ← (X), X ← X + 1	Ọ dịghị	2
LD	Rd, – X	Bunye Indirect na Pre-Dec.	X ← X – 1, okporo ụzọ ← (X)	Ọ dịghị	2
LD	Rd, Y	Ibu ibu na-apụtaghị ìhè	Rd ← (Y)	Ọ dịghị	2
LD	Rd, Y+	Budata Indirect na Post-Inc.	Rd ← (Y), Y ← Y + 1	Ọ dịghị	2
LD	Rd, – Y	Bunye Indirect na Pre-Dec.	Y ← Y – 1, Rd ← (Y)	Ọ dịghị	2
LDD	Rd,Y+q	Ibu Ibu Ntugharị na Ntugharị	Rd ← (Y + q)	Ọ dịghị	2
LD	Rd, Z	Ibu ibu na-apụtaghị ìhè	Rd ← (Z)	Ọ dịghị	2
LD	Rd, Z+	Budata Indirect na Post-Inc.	Rd ← (Z), Z ← Z+1	Ọ dịghị	2
LD	Rd,-Z	Bunye Indirect na Pre-Dec.	Z ← Z – 1, okporo ụzọ ← (Z)	Ọ dịghị	2
LDD	Rd, Z+q	Ibu Ibu Ntugharị na Ntugharị	Rd ← (Z + q)	Ọ dịghị	2
LDS	Rd, k	Budata Direct sitere na SRAM	Rd ← (k)	Ọ dịghị	2
ST	X, Rr	Chekwaa Indirect	(X) ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	2
ST	X+, Rr	Chekwa Indirect na Post-Inc.	(X) ← Rr, X ← X + 1	Ọ dịghị	2
ST	– X, Rr	Chekwaa Indirect na Pre-Dec.	X ← X – 1, (X) ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	2
ST	Y, Rr	Chekwaa Indirect	(Y) ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	2
ST	Y+, Rr	Chekwa Indirect na Post-Inc.	(Y) ← Rr, Y ← Y + 1	Ọ dịghị	2
ST	– Y, Rr	Chekwaa Indirect na Pre-Dec.	Y ← Y – 1, (Y) ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	2
STD	Y+q, Rr	Chekwaa Indirect na Nchụpụ	(Y + q) ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	2
ST	Z, Rr	Chekwaa Indirect	(Z) ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	2
ST	Z+, Rr	Chekwa Indirect na Post-Inc.	(Z) ← Rr, Z ← Z + 1	Ọ dịghị	2
ST	-Z, Rr	Chekwaa Indirect na Pre-Dec.	Z ← Z – 1, (Z) ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	2
STD	Z+q, Rr	Chekwaa Indirect na Nchụpụ	(Z + q) ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	2
STS	k, Rr	Chekwaa Direct na SRAM	(k) ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	2
LPM		Ibu Ibu Mmemme Ebe nchekwa	R0 ← (Z)	Ọ dịghị	3
LPM	Rd, Z	Ibu Ibu Mmemme Ebe nchekwa	Rd ← (Z)	Ọ dịghị	3
LPM	Rd, Z+	Ibu Ibu Mmemme Ebe nchekwa na Post-Inc	Rd ← (Z), Z ← Z+1	Ọ dịghị	3
SPM		Ebe nchekwa Mmemme	(z) ← R1:R0	Ọ dịghị
IN	Rd, P	Na Port	Rd ← P	Ọ dịghị	1
Mpụ	P, Rr	Ọpụpụ Port	P ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	1
KWAA	Rr	Pịa Debanye aha na Stack	Mkpokọta ← Rr	Ọ dịghị	2
POP	Rd	Ndebanye aha Pop site na Stack	Rd ← Mkpokọta	Ọ dịghị	2
Ntuziaka njikwa MCU
NOP		Enweghị arụ ọrụ		Ọ dịghị	1
Ụra		Ụra	(lee nkọwa akọwapụtara maka ọrụ ụra)	Ọ dịghị	1
WDR		Ntọgharị nche	(lee nkọwa akọwapụtara maka WDR/Timer)	Ọ dịghị	1
KWESỊRỊ		gbajie

Ọsọ (MHz) (1)	Tụkwasịnụ Voltage (V)	Oke okpomọkụ	ngwugwu (2)	Koodu ịtụ (3)
10	1.8-5.5	Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe (-40 Celsius C + 85 Celsius C) (4)	8P3	ATtiny45V-10PU
			8S2	ATtiny45V-10SU ATtiny45V-10SUR ATtiny45V-10SH ATtiny45V-10SHR
			8X	ATtiny45V-10XU ATtiny45V-10XUR
			20M1	ATtiny45V-10MU ATtiny45V-10MUR
20	2.7-5.5	Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe (-40 Celsius C + 85 Celsius C) (4)	8P3	ATtiny45-20PU
			8S2	ATtiny45-20SU ATtiny45-20SUR ATtiny45-20SH ATtiny45-20SHR
			8X	ATtiny45-20XU ATtiny45-20XUR
			20M1	ATtiny45-20MU ATtiny45-20MUR

ndetu: 1. Maka ọsọ vs. ọkọnọ voltage, hụ ngalaba 21.3 “Ọsọ” na ibe 163.

Ngwunye niile enweghị Pb, enweghị ntụpọ na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ zuru oke ma ha na-agbaso ntuziaka European maka mmachi ihe dị ize ndụ (RoHS).

Ihe ngosi koodu

H: NiPdAu ngwucha ụzọ

U: matte tin

R: teepu & reel

Enwere ike ịnye ngwaọrụ ndị a n'ụdị wafer. Biko kpọtụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ịre ahịa Atmel dị n'ógbè gị maka ozi ịtụpụta ihe zuru ezu na ọnụọgụ kacha nta.

Erata

Errata ATtiny25

Akwụkwọ ozi ngbanwe dị na ngalaba a na-ezo aka na ngbanwe nke ngwaọrụ ATtiny25.

Nkpu D - F

Enweghị ihe a maara.

Mkpu B-C

Ọgụgụ EEPROM nwere ike daa na obere ọkọnọ voltage / obere elekere ugboro

Na-agbalị ịgụ EEPROM na obere elekere na/ma ọ bụ obere ọkọnọ voltage nwere ike ibute data ezighi ezi.

Ndozi nsogbu/Gburugburu

Ejila EEPROM mgbe elekere elekere dị n'okpuru 1MHz na ọkọnọ voltage dị n'okpuru 2V. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike ibuli ugboro ọrụ n'elu 1MHz wee nye voltage kwesịrị ịbụ ihe karịrị 2V. N'otu aka ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ọkọnọ voltage enweghị ike ibuli elu n'elu 2V mgbe ahụ ugboro ọrụ kwesịrị ịbụ karịa 1MHz.

Amara na njirimara a dabere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ mana akọwapụtabeghị ya. Enyere ntuziaka maka okpomọkụ ụlọ, naanị.

Mkpu A

Ọ bụghị sampduru.

Errata ATtiny45

Akwụkwọ ozi ngbanwe dị na ngalaba a na-ezo aka na ngbanwe nke ngwaọrụ ATtiny45.

Mkpu F - G

Enweghị ihe a maara

Mkpu D - E

Ọgụgụ EEPROM nwere ike daa na obere ọkọnọ voltage / obere elekere ugboro

Na-agbalị ịgụ EEPROM na obere elekere na/ma ọ bụ obere ọkọnọ voltage nwere ike ibute data ezighi ezi.

Ndozi nsogbu/Gburugburu

Amara njirimara a na ọ dabere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ mana amabeghị ya. Enyere ntuziaka maka okpomọkụ ụlọ, naanị.

Mkpu B-C

PLL anaghị akpọchi

EEPROM gụrụ site na koodu ngwa anaghị arụ ọrụ na Lock Bit Mode 3

Ọgụgụ EEPROM nwere ike daa na obere ọkọnọ voltage / obere elekere ugboro

Ngụ oge 1 PWM mmepụta ọgbọ na OC1B-XOC1B anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma

PLL anaghị akpọchi

Mgbe na ugboro ugboro n'okpuru 6.0 MHz, PLL agaghị ekpochi

Ndozi nsogbu / Nrụ ọrụ

Mgbe ị na-eji PLL, na-agba ọsọ na 6.0 MHz ma ọ bụ karịa.

EEPROM gụrụ site na koodu ngwa anaghị arụ ọrụ na Lock Bit Mode 3

Mgbe emebere Memory Lock Bits LB2 na LB1 ka ọ bụrụ ọnọdụ 3, ọgụgụ EEPROM anaghị arụ ọrụ site na koodu ngwa.

Ndozi nsogbu/arụ ọrụ gburugburu

Edoghachila ọnọdụ Nchekwa Bit 3 mgbe koodu ngwa kwesịrị ịgụ site na EEPROM.

Ọgụgụ EEPROM nwere ike daa na obere ọkọnọ voltage / obere elekere ugboro

Na-agbalị ịgụ EEPROM na obere elekere na/ma ọ bụ obere ọkọnọ voltage nwere ike ibute data ezighi ezi.

Ndozi nsogbu/Gburugburu

Amara na njirimara a dabere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ mana akọwapụtabeghị ya. Enyere ntuziaka maka okpomọkụ ụlọ, naanị.

Ngụ oge Counter 1 PWM mmepụta ọgbọ na OC1B - XOC1B anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma

Ngụ oge Counter1 PWM mmepụta OC1B-XOC1B anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Naanị n'ọnọdụ ahụ mgbe obere njikwa, COM1B1 na COM1B0 nọ n'otu ọnọdụ dị ka COM1A1 na COM1A0, n'otu n'otu, OC1B-XOC1B wepụtara na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.

Ndozi nsogbu/arụ ọrụ gburugburu

Naanị ihe na-arụ ọrụ bụ iji otu ntọala njikwa na COM1A[1:0] na COM1B[1:0] ibe nchịkwa, lee tebụl 14- 4 na mpempe data. Edozila nsogbu ahụ maka Tiny45 rev D.

Mkpu A

Oriri ike gbadaa oke oke

DebugWIRE na-atọpụ nkwurịta okwu mgbe otu na-abanye n'ime nkwụsị

PLL anaghị akpọchi

EEPROM gụrụ site na koodu ngwa anaghị arụ ọrụ na Lock Bit Mode 3

Ọgụgụ EEPROM nwere ike daa na obere ọkọnọ voltage / obere elekere ugboro

Oriri ike gbadaa oke oke

Ọnọdụ atọ ga-eduga oke ike ala ike oriri. Ndị a bụ:

A na-ahọrọ elekere mpụga site na fuses, mana a ka na-akwado I/O PORT dị ka mmepụta.

A na-agụ EEPROM tupu ịbanye ike ala.

VCC bụ 4.5 volts ma ọ bụ karịa.

Disclaimer: Enyere ozi dị n'akwụkwọ a n'ihe metụtara ngwaahịa Atmel. Enweghị ikike, nke egosipụtara ma ọ bụ nke egosipụtara, site na estoppel ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ, enyere ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi ọ bụla nke enyere akwụkwọ a ma ọ bụ n'ihe metụtara ire ngwaahịa Atmel. Ewezuga DỊ KA E EKWESỊRỊ N'ỤRỤ ATMEL NA ỌNỌDỤ NKE ỊERE N'ỤRỤ ATMEL. WEBSaịtị, ATMEL na-eche na ọ nweghị ihe ọ bụla ma na-ekwupụta nkwupụta, nkọwa ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ikike gbasara ngwa ahịa ya gụnyere, mana ọnweghị oke, ikike ikike nke ịzụ ahịa, enweghị ike. ENWEGHỊ MMAPỤTA. Ọ BỤGHỊ ỌMỤNỤ Ọ BỤGHỊ ATMEL GA-AKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỊA". Enweghị ike iji akwụkwọ a, ọbụlagodi na ATMEL KWESỊRỊ NTỤRỤ MGBE IKE MMIRI dị otú ahụ.

Atmel anaghị eme ihe nnọchiteanya ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ikike gbasara izi ezi ma ọ bụ izu oke nke ọdịnaya nke akwụkwọ a ma nwee ikike ịme mgbanwe na nkọwapụta na nkọwa ngwaahịa n'oge ọ bụla na-enweghị ọkwa. Atmel anaghị ekwe nkwa imelite ozi dị n'ime ya. Ọ gwụla ma enyereghị ya nke ọma, ngwaahịa Atmel adabaghị, na agaghị eji ya, ngwa ụgbọ ala. Ebubeghị ngwaahịa Atmel, ikike, ma ọ bụ kwadoro maka ojiji dị ka akụrụngwa na ngwa ezubere iji kwado ma ọ bụ kwado ndụ.

Ntụaka

Akwụkwọ ntuziaka onye ọrụ

Atmel 8-bit AVR Microcontroller nwere 2/4/8K Bytes In-System Flash Programmable

Atụmatụ

gafereview

Ndokwa data

Okwu mmalite

Ndebanye aha ebumnuche izugbe File

Stack Pointer

Oge mmezu ntuziaka

Tọgharia na kwụsịtụ njikwa

Oge nzaghachi nkwụsịtụ

Na-egbochi nrụrụ aka EEPROM

Nhọrọ elekere na elekere sistemụ

Oscillator 128 kHz dị n'ime

Isi mmalite elekere

Debanye nkọwa

Oke

Debanye nkọwa

Njikwa Sistemu na Tọgharia

Nchọpụta agba aja aja

Na-agbagha

ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri I/O

Ọrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ọzọ

Ihe ngụ oge/Counter Prescaler na ebe elekere

Counter na atụnyere nkeji

Ihe ngosi koodu

Ndozi nsogbu/Gburugburu

Ntụaka

Hapụ ikwu

Kagbuo nzaghachi