EDA ED-IPC2100 Series Amfani da Daidaitaccen Rasberi

Bayanin samfur

Ƙayyadaddun bayanai

• Sunan samfur: ED-IPC2100 Series
• Mai ƙera: EDA Technology Co., LTD
• Aikace-aikace: Rasberi Pi OS
• Masu Karatu Masu Tallafawa: Injiniya Injiniya, Injiniyan Wutar Lantarki, Injiniyan Software, Injiniya Tsari
• Amfani: IOT, sarrafa masana'antu, sarrafa kansa, makamashin kore, hankali na wucin gadi
• Taimako: Amfani na cikin gida kawai

Umarnin Amfani da samfur

Umarnin Tsaro

• Ya kamata a yi amfani da wannan samfurin a cikin yanayin da ya dace da buƙatun ƙayyadaddun ƙira don guje wa gazawa da lalacewa.
• Guji ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba wanda zai iya haifar da haɗari na aminci ko asarar dukiya.
• Kada a gyara kayan aiki ba tare da izini ba don hana gazawar kayan aiki.
• Tabbatar gyara kayan aiki a lokacin shigarwa don hana shi faɗuwa.
• Kula da nisa na akalla 20cm daga kayan aiki idan an sanye shi da eriya.
• Ka guji yin amfani da kayan aikin tsaftace ruwa kuma ka nisanci abubuwan ruwa da abubuwa masu ƙonewa.

Bayanin hulda
Idan kuna buƙatar ƙarin taimako ko kuna da wasu tambayoyi, kuna iya tuntuɓar EDA Technology Co., LTD:

• Adireshi: Ginin 29, No.1661 Babban Titin Jialuo, Gundumar Jiading, Shanghai
• Imel: sales@edatec.cn
• Waya: +86-18217351262
• Website: www.edatec.cn
• Imel Taimakon Fasaha: support@edatec.cn
• Wayar Tallafin Fasaha: +86-18627838895
• Wechat: zzw_1998-

Bayanin Haƙƙin mallaka
An kiyaye duk haƙƙoƙi. Ba wani ɓangare na wannan takarda da za a iya gyara, rarraba, ko kwafi ba tare da rubutaccen izini daga EDA Technology Co., LTD.

Disclaimer
Gabatarwa: Wannan jagorar tana ba da jagora ga Injiniyoyi Injiniya, Injiniyoyi na Wutar Lantarki, Injiniyoyi na Software, da Injin Injiniya.

Taron Alama
Alamun faɗakarwa na umarni suna nuna mahimman fasali ko ayyuka. Alamun sanarwa na iya haifar da rauni na mutum, lalacewar tsarin, ko katsewar sigina/asara. Alamun gargadi na iya haifar da babbar illa ga mutane.

FAQ

• Tambaya: Za a iya amfani da samfurin a waje?
  A: A'a, ana goyan bayan samfurin don amfanin cikin gida kawai.
• Tambaya: Menene zan yi idan na gamu da gazawar kayan aiki?
  A: Tuntuɓi goyon bayan fasaha don taimako kuma kada kuyi ƙoƙarin gyara kayan aiki ba tare da izini ba.

Jagorar Aikace-aikace
Amfani da Standard Rasberi Pi OS akan ED-IPC2100 Series

Abubuwan da aka bayar na EDA Technology Co., Ltd
Fabrairu 2024

Tuntube Mu
Na gode sosai don siyayya da amfani da samfuranmu, kuma za mu yi muku hidima da zuciya ɗaya.
A matsayinmu na ɗaya daga cikin abokan haɗin gwiwar ƙira na duniya na Rasberi Pi, mun himmatu wajen samar da mafita na kayan aiki don IOT, sarrafa masana'antu, sarrafa kansa, makamashin kore da kuma bayanan ɗan adam wanda ya dogara da dandalin fasahar Raspberry Pi.
Kuna iya tuntuɓar mu ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:

• EDA Technology Co.,LTD
• Adireshi: Ginin 29, No.1661 Babban Titin Jialuo, Gundumar Jiading, Wasikar Shanghai: sales@edatec.cn
• Waya: +86-18217351262
• Website: https://www.edatec.cn

Goyon bayan sana'a

• Wasika: support@edatec.cn
• Waya: +86-18627838895
• Wechat: zzw_1998-

Bayanin Haƙƙin mallaka
Jerin ED-IPC2100 da haƙƙin mallakar fasaha masu alaƙa mallakar EDA Technology Co., LTD.
EDA Technology Co., LTD ta mallaki haƙƙin mallaka na wannan takarda kuma tana da haƙƙin mallaka. Ba tare da rubutaccen izinin EDA Technology Co., LTD ba, babu wani ɓangare na wannan takarda da za a iya gyara, rarraba ko kwafi ta kowace hanya ko tsari.

Disclaimer
EDA Technology Co., LTD baya bada garantin cewa bayanin da ke cikin wannan littafin ya kasance na zamani, daidai, cikakke ko na inganci. EDA Technology Co., LTD kuma baya bada garantin ƙarin amfani da wannan bayanin. Idan hasarar kayan ko abin da ba na kayan abu ba ya haifar da amfani ko rashin amfani da bayanan da ke cikin wannan jagorar, ko ta amfani da bayanan da ba daidai ba ko da bai cika ba, muddin ba a tabbatar da cewa niyya ne ko sakaci na EDA Technology Co., LTD, da'awar abin alhaki na EDA Technology Co., LTD ana iya keɓancewa. EDA Technology Co., LTD tana da haƙƙin haɓakawa ko haɓaka abubuwan ciki ko ɓangaren wannan littafin ba tare da sanarwa ta musamman ba.

Gabatarwa
Iyalin Karatu
Wannan jagorar tana aiki ga masu karatu masu zuwa:

• Injiniya Injiniya
• Injiniyan Lantarki
• Injiniyan Software
• Injiniyan Tsari

Yarjejeniyar da ke da alaƙa

Taron Alama

Alama	Umarni
	Alamun gaggawa, suna nuna mahimman fasali ko ayyuka.
	Alamun sanarwa, wanda zai iya haifar da rauni na mutum, lalacewar tsarin, ko katsewar sigina/asara.
	Alamomin faɗakarwa, waɗanda za su iya haifar da babbar illa ga mutane.

Umarnin Tsaro

• Ya kamata a yi amfani da wannan samfurin a cikin yanayin da ya dace da ƙayyadaddun ƙira, in ba haka ba yana iya haifar da gazawa, kuma rashin daidaituwar aiki ko lalacewar ɓangarorin da ya haifar da rashin bin ƙa'idodin da suka dace ba su cikin iyakokin tabbacin ingancin samfur.
• Kamfaninmu ba zai ɗauki kowane alhaki na doka don hatsarurrukan amincin mutum da asarar dukiya da ke haifar da aikin samfur ba bisa ka'ida ba.
• Don Allah kar a canza kayan aiki ba tare da izini ba, wanda zai iya haifar da gazawar kayan aiki.
• Lokacin shigar da kayan aiki, wajibi ne a gyara kayan aiki don hana shi faduwa.
• Idan kayan aikin suna da eriya, da fatan za a kiyaye nisa na akalla 20cm daga kayan aiki yayin amfani.
• Kada a yi amfani da kayan tsaftace ruwa, kuma nisantar da ruwa da kayan wuta.
• Ana tallafawa wannan samfurin don amfanin cikin gida kawai.

Ƙarsheview

Wannan babin yana gabatar da bayanan bango da kewayon aikace-aikace na amfani da daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS akan jerin ED-IPC2100.

• Fage
• Range Application

Fage
ED-IPC2100 jerin samfuran suna da tsarin aiki tare da shigar da BSP ta tsohuwa lokacin barin masana'anta. Ya ƙara tallafi don BSP, ƙirƙira masu amfani, kunna SSH kuma yana goyan bayan haɓaka kan layi na BSP. Yana da aminci kuma abin dogara, kuma masu amfani za su iya amfani da tsarin aiki.

NOTE
Idan mai amfani ba shi da buƙatu na musamman, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da tsoho tsarin aiki. Hanyar zazzagewa ita ce ED-IPC2100/raspios.

Idan mai amfani yana son yin amfani da daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS bayan karɓar samfurin, wasu ayyuka ba za su kasance ba bayan canza tsarin aiki zuwa daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS. Domin magance wannan matsalar, ED-IPC2100 yana goyan bayan shigarwa akan layi don fakitin Firmware don sa samfurin ya fi dacewa da daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS kuma tabbatar da cewa ana iya amfani da duk ayyuka.
ED-IPC2100 yana goyan bayan daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS ta hanyar shigar da fakitin kernel da fakitin firmware akan layi akan daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS (bookworm da bullseye). Ayyukan tsarin bookworm da tsarin bullseye sun bambanta. Tun da tsarin bookworm ya kasance sababbi, don haka ana ba da shawarar shigar da fakitin firmware akan tsarin bullseye don tallafawa wannan aikace-aikacen.

Range Application
Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da ED-IPC2110, ED-IPC2130 da ED-IPC2140.
Tunda amfani da tsarin aiki mai 64-bit zai iya yin amfani da kayan aikin kayan aikin da kyau, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da daidaitaccen Raspberry Pi OS mai nauyin 64-bit (bookworm da bullseye). Cikakkun bayanai sune kamar haka:

Samfurin Samfura	OS mai goyan baya
Saukewa: ED-IPC2110	Rasberi Pi OS (Desktop) 64-bit-bookworm (Debian 12) Rasberi Pi OS (Desktop) 64-bit-bullseye (Debian 11) Rasberi Pi OS (Lite) 64-bit-bookworm (Debian 12) Rasberi Pi OS (Lite) 64-bit-bullseye (Debian 11)
Saukewa: ED-IPC2130
Saukewa: ED-IPC2140

Jagorar Aikace-aikace

Wannan babin yana gabatar da matakan aiki na amfani da daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS akan jerin ED-IPC2100.

• Tsarin Aiki
• Zazzage OS File
• Mai walƙiya zuwa eMMC
• Kanfigareshan fara farawa
• Sanya Kunshin Firmware

Tsarin Aiki
Babban tsarin aiki na tsarin aikace-aikacen yana kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

Zazzagewaing OS File
Kuna iya saukar da Rasberi Pi OS da ake buƙata file bisa ga ainihin bukatun. Hanyoyin zazzagewa sune kamar haka:

OS	Zazzage Hanya
Rasberi Pi OS (Desktop) 64-bit-bookworm (Debian 12)	https://downloads.raspberrypi.com/raspios_arm64/images/raspios_arm64-2023-12-06/2023-12-05-raspios-bookworm-arm64.img.xz
Rasberi Pi OS (Desktop) 64-bit-bullseye (Debian 11)	https://downloads.raspberrypi.com/raspios_oldstable_arm64/images/raspios_oldstable_arm64-2023-12-06/2023-12-05-raspios-bullseye-arm64.img.xz
Rasberi Pi OS(Lite) 64-bit- tsutsa mai tsummoki (Debian 12)	https://downloads.raspberrypi.com/raspios_lite_arm64/images/raspios_lite_arm64-2023-12-11/2023-12-11-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img.xz
Rasberi Pi OS (Lite) 64-bit-bulseye (Debian 11)	https://downloads.raspberrypi.com/raspios_lite_arm64/images/raspios_lite_arm64-2023-12-11/2023-12-11-raspios-bookworm-arm64-lite.img.xz

Mai walƙiya zuwa eMMC
Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da kayan aikin Rasberi Pi na hukuma, kuma hanyar zazzagewa ita ce kamar haka:

• Hoton Rasberi Pi: https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/imager/imager_latest.exe
• Tsarin Katin SD: https://www.sdcardformatter.com/download/
• Rpiboot: https://github.com/raspberrypi/usbboot/raw/master/win32/rpiboot_setup.exe

Shiri

• An gama zazzagewa da shigar da kayan aikin walƙiya zuwa kwamfutar.
• An shirya Micro USB zuwa kebul na USB-A.
• The OS file an samu.

Matakai

An bayyana matakan ta amfani da Windows OS azaman example.

1. Haɗa kebul na wuta da kebul na USB.
   • Yi amfani da screwdriver na giciye don kwance sukurori uku akan madaidaicin madaidaicin dogo na DIN akan agogo (matsayin akwatin ja a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa) kuma cire tsoffin maƙallan DIN-dogo.
   • Nemo tashar Micro USB akan na'urar, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin akwatin ja da ke ƙasa.
   • Haɗa kebul ɗin wuta da kebul na USB, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.
2. Cire haɗin wutar lantarki na ED-IPC2100, sannan kunna ta kuma.
3. Buɗe kayan aikin rpiboot don canza tuƙi ta atomatik zuwa harafi.
4. Bayan kammala wasiƙar tuƙi, wasiƙar za ta fito a cikin ƙananan kusurwar dama na kwamfutar, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa E drive.
5. Bude Tsarin Katin SD, zaɓi wasiƙar da aka tsara, sannan danna “Format” a ƙasan dama don tsarawa.
6. A cikin akwatin faɗakarwa, zaɓi "Ee".
7. Lokacin da aka gama tsarawa, danna "Ok" a cikin akwatin da sauri.
8. Rufe Tsarin Katin SD.
9. Bude Hoton Rasberi Pi, zaɓi “ZABI OS” kuma zaɓi “Yi amfani da Kwamfuta” a cikin babban fage.
10. Bisa ga faɗakarwa, zaɓi OS da aka sauke file ƙarƙashin hanyar da aka ayyana mai amfani kuma komawa zuwa babban shafi.
11. Danna "WRITE" kuma zaɓi "Ee" a cikin akwatin faɗakarwa don fara rubuta OS.
12. Bayan an gama rubutun OS, da file za a tabbatar.
13. Bayan da file an gama tantancewa, akwatin gaggawar “Rubuta Nasara” ya fito, sannan danna “CI gaba” don gama walƙiya zuwa eMMC.
14. Rufe Hoton Rasberi Pi, cire kebul na USB kuma sake kunna wuta akan na'urar.

Kanfigareshan fara farawa
Wannan sashe yana gabatar da saitunan da suka dace lokacin da masu amfani suka fara tsarin a karon farko.

Standard Rasberi Pi OS (Desktop)
Idan kuna amfani da nau'in Desktop na daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS, kuma OS ɗin ba a saita shi a cikin saitunan ci gaba na Rasberi Pi Imager kafin walƙiya zuwa eMMC. Saitin farko yana buƙatar kammala lokacin da aka fara tsarin.

Shiri

• Na'urorin haɗi kamar nuni, linzamin kwamfuta, madannai da adaftar wuta waɗanda za'a iya amfani da su akai-akai an shirya su.
• Cibiyar sadarwa da za a iya amfani da ita kullum.
• Sami kebul na HDMI da kebul na cibiyar sadarwa wanda za'a iya amfani dashi akai-akai.

Matakai

1. Haɗa na'urar zuwa cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar kebul na cibiyar sadarwa, haɗa nuni ta hanyar kebul na HDMI, kuma haɗa linzamin kwamfuta, madannai, da adaftar wutar lantarki.
2. Wutar na'urar kuma tsarin zai fara. Bayan tsarin ya fara kullum, rukunin "Barka da zuwa Rasberi Pi Desktop" zai tashi.
3. Danna "Na gaba" kuma saita sigogi kamar "Ƙasa", "Harshe" da "Timezone" a cikin fare na "Set Country" bisa ga ainihin bukatun. NASIHA:
   Tsohuwar maɓalli na tsarin shine shimfidar madannai na Biritaniya, ko kuma za ku iya duba “Yi amfani da madannai na Amurka” kamar yadda ake buƙata.
4. Danna "Na gaba" don keɓancewa da ƙirƙirar "username" da "Password" don shiga cikin tsarin a cikin pop-up "Create User" pane.
5. Danna "Na gaba":
   • Idan kayi amfani da tsohon sigar tsohuwar sunan mai amfani pi da tsoho kalmar sirrin raspberry lokacin ƙirƙirar sunan mai amfani da kalmar wucewa, akwatin faɗakarwa mai zuwa zai tashi kuma danna "Ok".
   • Wurin “Set Up Screen” yana buɗewa, kuma ana saita sigogi masu alaƙa da allon kamar yadda ake buƙata.
6. (Na zaɓi) Danna "Na gaba" kuma zaɓi cibiyar sadarwar mara waya da za a haɗa a cikin pop-up "Zaɓi WiFi Network". NASIHA:
   Idan ka sayi samfur ba tare da aikin Wi-Fi ba, babu irin wannan matakin.
7. (Na zaɓi) Danna "Na gaba" kuma shigar da kalmar wucewa ta hanyar sadarwa mara waya a cikin pop-up "Shigar da kalmar wucewa ta WiFi".
   NASIHA:
   Idan ka sayi samfur ba tare da aikin Wi-Fi ba, babu irin wannan matakin.
8. Danna "Next", sannan danna "Na gaba" a cikin fa'idar "Update Software" don dubawa da sabunta software ta atomatik.
9. Bayan dubawa da sabunta manhajar, danna “Ok”, sannan ka danna “Restart” a cikin “Setup Complete” pop-up don kammala tsarin farko da fara tsarin.
10. Bayan farawa, shigar da tebur na OS.

NOTE
Za a iya samun ɗan bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin farko na nau'ikan Rasberi Pi OS daban-daban, da fatan za a koma zuwa ainihin mu'amala. Don ayyuka masu alaƙa, da fatan za a duba
https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/getting-started.html#getting-started-with-your-raspberry-pi.

 Standard Rasberi Pi OS (Lite)
Idan kuna amfani da nau'in Lite na daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS, kuma OS ɗin ba a saita shi a cikin saitunan ci gaba na Rasberi Pi Imager kafin walƙiya zuwa eMMC. Saitin farko yana buƙatar kammala lokacin da aka fara tsarin.

Shiri

• Na'urorin haɗi kamar nuni, linzamin kwamfuta, madannai da adaftar wuta waɗanda za'a iya amfani da su akai-akai an shirya su.
• Cibiyar sadarwa da za a iya amfani da ita kullum.
• Sami kebul na HDMI da kebul na cibiyar sadarwa wanda za'a iya amfani dashi akai-akai.

Matakai

1. Haɗa na'urar zuwa cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar kebul na cibiyar sadarwa, haɗa nuni ta hanyar kebul na HDMI, kuma haɗa linzamin kwamfuta, madannai, da adaftar wutar lantarki.
2. Ikon na'urar kuma tsarin zai fara. Bayan tsarin ya fara kullum, sashin "Configuring-Configuring-Configuring Keyboard" zai tashi. Kuna buƙatar saita maɓallin madannai bisa ga ainihin buƙatun.
3. Zaɓi "Ok", sannan za ku iya fara ƙirƙirar sabon sunan mai amfani a cikin rukunin.
4. Zaɓi "Ok", sannan za ku iya fara saita kalmar sirri don sabon mai amfani a cikin rukunin.
5. Zaɓi "Ok", sa'an nan kuma shigar da kalmar sirri a cikin ayyuka.
6. Zaɓi "Ok" don kammala saitin farko kuma shigar da haɗin shiga.
7. Bisa ga faɗakarwa, shigar da sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri don shiga cikin tsarin. Bayan an gama farawa, shigar da tsarin aiki.

Sanya Kunshin Firmware

Wannan sashin yana gabatar da takamaiman ayyuka na shigar da fakitin firmware akan daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS. Ya dace da daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS (bookworm, Debian 12) da daidaitaccen Rasberi Pi OS (bullseye, Debian 11).

Debian 11 (bullseye)
Bayan walƙiya zuwa eMMC na Raspberry Pi OS (bullseye) akan jerin ED-IPC2100, zaku iya saita tsarin ta ƙara tushen edatec apt, shigar da kunshin kernel da shigar da fakitin firmware, ta yadda za'a iya amfani da tsarin akai-akai.

Shiri

An gama walƙiya zuwa eMMC da saitin farawa na Rasberi Pi daidaitaccen OS (bullseye).

Matakai

1. Bayan na'urar ta fara kullum, aiwatar da umarni masu zuwa a cikin rukunin umarni don ƙara tushen edatec apt. curl -sS https://apt.edatec.cn/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb https://apt.edatec.cn/raspbian barga main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/edatec.list sudo dace sabuntawa
2. Yi umarni mai zuwa don shigar da kunshin kernel.
   sudo dace shigar -y raspberrypi-kernel
3. Yi umarni mai zuwa don shigar da fakitin firmware.
   sudo dace shigar -y ed-ipc2110-firmware
   NASIHA:
   Idan kun shigar da fakitin firmware ba daidai ba, zaku iya aiwatar da “sudo apt-get –purge remove package” don share shi, inda “kunshin” shine sunan fakitin.
4. Bayan an gama shigarwa, aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa don bincika ko an shigar da fakitin firmware cikin nasara.
5. Yi umarni mai zuwa don sake kunna na'urar.
   sudo sake yi

Debian 12 (littafi)
Bayan walƙiya zuwa eMMC na Raspberry Pi OS (bookworm) akan jerin ED-IPC2100, zaku iya saita tsarin ta ƙara tushen edatec apt, shigar da fakitin kernel, shigar da fakitin firmware, da kashe haɓaka kernel na rasberi, ta yadda za a iya amfani da tsarin kullum.

Shiri

An gama walƙiya zuwa eMMC da saitin farawa na Rasberi Pi daidaitaccen OS (bookworm).

Matakai

1. Bayan na'urar ta fara kullum, aiwatar da umarni masu zuwa a cikin rukunin umarni don ƙara tushen edatec apt.
   curl -sS https://apt.edatec.cn/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -echo “deb https://apt.edatec.cn/raspbian barga main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/edatec.list
   sudo dace update
2. Yi umarni mai zuwa don shigar da kunshin kernel.
   sudo dace shigar -y ed-linux-image-6.1.58-v8
   curl -s'https://apt.edatec.cn/downloads/202403/kernel-change.sh' | sudo bash -s 6.1.58-rpi7-rpi-v8
3. Yi umarni mai zuwa don shigar da fakitin firmware.
   sudo dace shigar -y ed-ipc2110-firmware
   NASIHA:
   Idan kun shigar da fakitin firmware ba daidai ba, zaku iya aiwatar da “sudo apt-get –purge remove package” don share shi, inda “kunshin” shine sunan fakitin.
4. Yi umarni mai zuwa don kashe haɓaka haɓakar kernel na rasberi.
   dpkg -l | grep linux-image | awk '{bugu $2}' | grep ^linux | yayin karanta layi; yi sudo apt-mark riƙe $ layi; yi
5. Bayan an gama shigarwa, aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa don bincika ko an shigar da fakitin firmware cikin nasara.
   dpkg -l | grep ed-ipc2110-firmware
   Sakamakon a hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna cewa an shigar da fakitin firmware cikin nasara.
6. Yi umarni mai zuwa don sake kunna na'urar.
   sudo sake yi

Sabunta Firmware (Na zaɓi)

Bayan tsarin yana farawa kullum, zaku iya aiwatar da umarni masu zuwa a cikin rukunin umarni don haɓaka firmware na tsarin da haɓaka ayyukan software.

NASIHA:
Idan kuna da matsalolin software lokacin amfani da samfuran jerin samfuran ED-IPC2100, zaku iya ƙoƙarin haɓaka tsarin Firmware.

• sudo dace update
• sudo dace haɓakawa

Takardu / Albarkatu

EDA ED-IPC2100 Series Amfani da Daidaitaccen Rasberi [pdf] Jagorar mai amfani ED-IPC2100 Jerin Amfani da Daidaitaccen Rasberi, ED-IPC2100 Jerin, Amfani da Daidaitaccen Rasberi, Daidaitaccen Rasberi, Rasberi

Magana

• Manual mai amfani