Abubuwan da ke ciki boye
1 Danfoss Mai Yarda da EMD Tushe Ayyukan Jagoran Saurin
2 Umarnin Amfani da samfur
3 Ƙarsheview
4 Kayayyakin da muke bayarwa
5 Takardu / Albarkatu
5.1 Magana
6 Labarai masu alaka

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Danfoss Mai Yarda da EMD Tushe Ayyukan Jagoran Saurin

Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Block-samfurin

Ƙayyadaddun bayanai

  • Sunan samfur: PLUS+1 Madaidaicin EMD Sensor Jagoran Aiki Block
  • Fitowa: RPM da sigina na jagora
  • Yanayin shigarwa:
    • Gudun (Spd): 1,250 zuwa 10,000,000
    • Jagoranci (Dir In): 0 zuwa 5,250 volts

Umarnin Amfani da samfur

Saitunan Gudanarwa
EMD_SPD_DIR Aiki Block yana fitar da rpm da sigina na jagora bisa abubuwan da aka shigar daga EMD Speed ​​Sensor. Ana iya amfani da shi akan duka masu kula da MC da SC.

Bukatun shigar da Mai sarrafawa
Abubuwan shigar da mai sarrafawa don toshe aikin EMD SPD DIR sune kamar haka:

  • Masu Gudanar da MC:
    • Spd - MFIN - DirIn
  • Masu Kula da SC:
    • Spd – MFIN – DirIn – DigAn

Ayyukan Toshe Abubuwan Shiga
Abubuwan EMD_SPD_DIR Aiki Block su ne kamar haka:

  • Spd (Speed): Bus Per U32 Count U16 - Rage:
    1,250 zu10,000,000
  • Dir A (Magana): Bus Volt/Voltagda U16-
    Matsakaicin iyaka: 0 zuwa 5,250 volts

Abubuwan Toshe Aiki
Abubuwan EMD_SPD_DIR Aiki Block su ne kamar haka:

  • Matsayi: U16 - Rage: 0 zuwa 65,535
  • Laifi: U16 - Rage: 0 zuwa 1,000,000,000
  • RPM: U16 - Rage: 0 zuwa 25,000
  • dRPM: U16 - Rage: 0 zuwa 2,500
  • Dir: S8 - Ƙimar: -1, 0, +1

FAQ

  • Menene manufar EMD_SPD_DIR Aiki Block?
    EMD_SPD_DIR Aiki Block yana fitar da rpm da sigina na jagora bisa abubuwan da aka shigar daga EMD Speed ​​Sensor.
  • Menene buƙatun shigarwa don toshe aikin EMD_SPD_DIR akan Masu Gudanar da MC?
    Bukatun shigarwa don Masu Gudanar da MC sune Spd, MFIN, da DirIn.
  • Menene voltage kewayo don shigarwar Jagoranci (Dir In) na EMD_SPD_DIR Aiki Block?
    Voltage kewayon shigarwar Hanyar daga 0 zuwa 5,250 volts.

Tarihin bita

Tebur na bita

Kwanan wata Canza Rev
Disamba 2014 AA

EMD_SPD_DIR Block Aiki

Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (1)

Ƙarsheview

Wannan toshe aikin yana fitar da siginar rpm da na jagora bisa abubuwan da aka shigar daga na'urar Sensor Saurin EMD. A kan duka masu kula da MC da SC, wannan toshe aikin yana karɓar sa:

  • Shigar Spd ta hanyar shigarwar MFIN.
  • Shigarwar DirIn ta hanyar shigarwar MFIN na biyu ko shigarwar DigAn.

Bukatun shigar da Mai sarrafawa don Tubalan Ayyukan EMD
Tebur masu zuwa suna lissafin buƙatun shigarwar mai sarrafawa don EMD SPD DIR, EMD SPD DIR A, da EMD SPD DIR D tubalan ayyuka.

Haɗin shigarwa-Masu Gudanar da MC

Toshe Aiki Aiki Block Input Shigar da Mai Gudanarwa Sharhi
Farashin EMD SPD Spd MFIN Yana ƙayyade saurin ta hanyar siginar bugun jini daga firikwensin.
DirIn MFIN Yana amfani da resistors ja-up/ja-ƙasa da voltage don gano gazawar da'irar buɗaɗɗen siginar jagora.
EMD SPD DIR A Spd MFIN Yana ƙayyade saurin ta hanyar siginar bugun jini daga firikwensin.
DirIn DigAn Yana gano lokacin da siginar jagora voltage yana waje da kewayon da ake tsammani amma ya rasa resistors masu ja-up/ja-ƙasa don gano kewaye.
AnIn Yana gano lokacin da siginar jagora voltage yana waje da kewayon da ake tsammani amma ya rasa resistors masu ja-up/ja-ƙasa don gano kewaye.
EMD SPD DIR D Spd MFIN Yana ƙayyade saurin ta hanyar siginar bugun jini daga firikwensin.
DigDir DigIn Ba ya ba da gano kuskure don siginar jagora.
DigAn Ba ya ba da gano kuskure don siginar jagora.

Haɗin shigarwa - Masu Gudanar da SC

Toshe Aiki Aiki Block Input Shigar da Mai Gudanarwa Sharhi
Farashin EMD SPD Spd MFIN Yana ƙayyade saurin ta hanyar siginar bugun jini daga firikwensin. Dole ne a yi wa lakabin shigarwar mai sarrafawa Dig/Ana/Freq.
DirIn MFIN Yana amfani da resistors ja-up/ja-ƙasa da voltage don gano gazawar da'irar buɗaɗɗen siginar jagora.
DigAn Yana amfani da resistors ja-up/ja-ƙasa da voltage don gano gazawar da'irar buɗaɗɗen siginar jagora.

Ayyukan Toshe Abubuwan Shiga

Abu Nau'in Rage Bayani
Param Bas -- Shigarwa don sigogi gama gari waɗanda za a iya amfani da su zuwa tubalan ayyuka da yawa. Duba Game da Shigarwar Param shafi na 11 don ƙarin bayani.
Spd Bas -- Shigar da bas tare da:
  • Volt/ Volttage, Per (Lokaci), kuma Kidaya sigina tare da voltage, period, da kirga fitarwa ta hanyar Sensor Mai Sauri.
  • A Saita ƙaramin bas mai sigina waɗanda ke saita shigarwar mai sarrafawa wanda ke karɓar waɗannan sigina.
Per U32 1,250 zuwa

10,000,000

 Fitowar lokacin da aka auna ta Sensor Mai Sauri.

Aikin toshe yana amfani da Per sigina, Kidaya sigina, kuma Puls/Rev ƙimar siga don lissafta ta RPM fitarwa. 10,000 = 1,000 μs.
Kidaya U16 0 zu65,535 Ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa ga fitowar madauki na shirin ta hanyar Sensor Mai Sauri.

Aikin toshe yana amfani da Per sigina, Kidaya sigina, kuma Puls/Rev ƙimar siga don lissafta ta RPM fitarwa.

1,000 = 1,000.
Saita Sub-bas -- Ya ƙunshi sigina waɗanda ke saita wannan shigarwar.
Dir In Bas -- Shigar da bas tare da:
  • A Voltage/volt sigina tare da voltage fitarwa ta Sensor Mai Sauri, wanda toshe ke amfani da shi don tantance alkibla.
  • A Saita sub-bus tare da sigina waɗanda ke saita shigarwar mai sarrafawa wanda ke karɓar wannan siginar.
Volt/ Volttage U16 0 zu5,250 Voltage na siginar shugabanci cewa Sensor Mai Sauri abubuwan fitarwa, wanda toshe ke amfani da shi don tantance alkibla.
Saita Sub-bas -- Ya ƙunshi sigina waɗanda ke saita wannan shigarwar.

Abubuwan da aka fitar
Abubuwan Toshe Aiki

Abu Nau'in Rage Bayani
Matsayi U16 -- Yana ba da rahoton matsayin toshe aikin.

Wannan toshe aikin yana amfani da a rashin daidaito tsarin bitwise don ba da rahoton matsayinsa da kuskurensa.

  • 0x0000 = Toshe yana da kyau.
  • 0x0008 ku Puls/Rev or DirLockHz ƙimar siga ba ta da iyaka.
Laifi U16 -- Yana ba da rahoton kurakuran toshe aikin.

Wannan toshe aikin yana amfani da a rashin daidaito tsarin bitwise don ba da rahoton matsayinsa da kuskurensa.

  • 0x0000 = Toshe yana da kyau.
  • 0x0001 ku Per sigina a cikin aikin block's Spd shigarwa ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa.
  • 0x0002 ku Volt/ Volttage sigina a cikin aikin block's Spd shigarwar ba ta da iyaka.
  • 0x0004 ku Volt/ Volttage sigina a cikin aikin block's Dir shigarwar ba ta da iyaka.
Daga Bas -- Fitar da bas da Freq, FltTmrDir, kuma FltTmrFreq alamun da ke akwai don magance matsala.
Freq U32 0 zuwa 1,000,

000,000

 Mitar da aka auna na Sensor Gudun. 100,000 = 10,000 Hz.
FaultTmrFreq U16 0 zu65,535 Lokacin da kuskuren mita:
  • Yana faruwa, wannan fitarwa yana ƙirga sama da millise seconds har sai da toshe aikin yayi bayanin kuskure.
  • Yana sharewa, abin fitarwa yana ƙididdige miliyon daƙiƙa har sai aikin ya share bayanin kuskure. 1,000 = 1,000 ms.
FltTmrDir U16 0 zu65,535 Lokacin da kuskuren jagora:
  • Yana faruwa, wannan fitarwa yana ƙirga sama da millise seconds har sai da toshe aikin yayi bayanin kuskure.
  • Yana sharewa, wannan fitowar tana ƙididdige miliyon seconds har sai aikin ya share bayanin kuskure. 1,000 = 1,000 ms.
RPM U16 0 zu2,500 Juyin firikwensin saurin gudu a minti daya.

Aikin toshe clamps wannan fitarwa a 2,500. 1 = 1 rpm.
dRPM U16 0 zu25,000 Juyin firikwensin saurin gudu a cikin minti daya x 10 (deciRPM). Aikin toshe clamps wannan fitarwa a 25,000.
Dir S8 -1, 0, +1 Hanyar jujjuyawa Sensor Sensor.
  • -1 = Kishiyar agogo (CCW).
  • 0 = Tsaki.
  • +1 = A agogo (CW).

Game da Haɗin Toshe Aiki

Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (2)

Game da Haɗin Toshe Aiki

Abu Bayani
1. Shigarwa don sigogi gama gari waɗanda za a iya amfani da su zuwa tubalan ayyuka da yawa.
2. Shigar da bas tare da:
  • Voltage, lokaci, da ƙidayar fitar da sigina ta hanyar Sensor Saurin EMD.
  • Karamar motar bas mai sigina wacce ke saita shigarwar mai sarrafawa wacce ke karɓar waɗannan sigina.
3. Shigar da bas tare da:
  • Fitowar siginar jagora ta hanyar Sensor Saurin EMD.
  • Sub-bus mai sigina wanda ke saita shigarwar mai sarrafawa wanda ke karɓar waɗannan sigina.
4. Yana ba da rahoton matsayin toshe aikin.
5. Yana ba da rahoton kurakuran toshe aikin.
6. Fitar da bas da Freq, FltTmrDir, kuma FltTmrFreq alamun da ke akwai don magance matsala.
7. Juyin firikwensin saurin gudu a minti daya.
8. Juyin firikwensin saurin juyi a minti daya x 10 (deciRPM).
9. Hanyar jujjuyawa Sensor Sensor.
  • -1 = Kishiyar agogo (CCW).
  • 0 = Tsaki.
  • +1 = A agogo (CW).

Matsayi da Fault Logic
Ba kamar sauran PLUS+1 tubalan ayyuka masu dacewa ba, wannan toshe aikin yana amfani da matsayi mara kyau da lambobin kuskure.

Hankalin Hali

Matsayi Hex* Binary Dalili Martani Gyara
Siga ba ta da iyaka. 0 x0008 1000 Puls/Rev, FaultDetTm, ko DirLockHz siga ya fita waje. Aikin toshe clamps ƙimar da ba ta da iyaka a ko dai babba ko ƙananan iyakarta. Samo ma'aunin waje a cikin kewayon sa.

* Bit 16 saita zuwa 1 yana gano daidaitaccen matsayi na Danfoss ko lambar kuskure.

Fault Logic

Laifi Hex* Binary Dalili Martani Jinkiri† Latch‡ Gyara
Per sigina a cikin aikin block's Spd shigarwa ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa. 0 x0001 0001 Per sigina <1,250 Hz. Aikin toshe yana fitar da iyakarsa RPM kuma dRPM dabi'u. Y N Bincika matsalolin kayan masarufi, kamar surutun lantarki, wanda zai iya haifar da mara inganci Per darajar sigina.
Volt/ Volttage sigina a cikin aikin block's Spd shigarwar ba ta da iyaka. 0 x0002 0010 Volt/ Volttage sigina yana tsakanin 1,000 da 2,500 mV

kuma toshe ba ya samun bugun jini daga Ma'aunin saurin gudu.

 Aikin toshe yana saita sa RPM kuma dRPM fitarwa zuwa 0. Y N Bincika matsalolin kayan masarufi, kamar surutun lantarki, wanda zai iya haifar da mara inganci Volt / Voltage darajar sigina.
Volt/ Volttage sigina a cikin aikin block's Dir shigarwar ba ta da iyaka. 0 x0004 0100 Volt/ Volttage sigina yana tsakanin 1,000 da 2,500

mV.

 Aikin toshe yana saita sa Dir fitarwa zuwa 0. Y N Bincika matsalolin kayan masarufi, kamar surutun lantarki, wanda zai iya haifar da mara inganci Volt / Voltage darajar sigina.

* Bit 16 saita zuwa 1 yana gano daidaitaccen matsayi na Danfoss ko lambar kuskure.
† An ba da rahoton kuskuren jinkiri idan yanayin kuskuren da aka gano ya ci gaba don ƙayyadadden lokacin jinkiri. Ba za a iya share kuskuren da aka jinkirta ba har sai yanayin kuskuren ya kasance ba a gano shi ba don lokacin jinkirin.
‡ Katangar aikin tana kiyaye rahoton kuskure har sai an fitar da latch ɗin.

Ayyukan Toshe Ma'auni

Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (3)

Ayyukan Toshe Ma'auni

Abu Nau'in Rage Bayani
1. Puls/Rev U8 20-120, 180 Adadin bugun jini a kowane juyi na Sensor Speed. Koma zuwa ga Bayanin Fasaha na Sensor Mai Saurin EMD (Danfoss part L1017287) don madaidaicin ƙimar.
2. FaultDetTm U16 0-65,535 Yana saita lokaci tsakanin lokacin da toshe aikin ya gano wani:
  • Halin kuskure sannan yayi bayanin kuskure.
  • Share yanayin kuskure sannan yana share bayanin kuskure. 1,000 = 1,000 ms.
3. DirLockHz U16 0-8,000 Yana saita mitar sama wanda aikin toshewa yake Dir fitarwa makullin. Sama da wannan mitar, toshe aikin baya bayar da rahoton canje-canjen shugabanci.

1,000 = 1,000 Hz.

Game da Shigarwar Param
Yi amfani da shigarwar Param don shigar da ƙimar siga na waje zuwa wannan toshewar aikin.

Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (4)

Bayanin Hoto

Abu Bayani
1. A cikin babban mataki na toshe aikin kafin ku canza wannan shafin don karɓar sigogi gama gari ta hanyar sa Param shigarwa.
2. A cikin babban matakin toshe aikin bayan kun gyara wannan shafin don karɓar sigogi gama gari ta hanyar sa Param shigarwa.

Saitunan Gudanarwa
Abubuwan shigarwa akan masu kula da MC da SC suna buƙatar tsari don aiki tare da wannan toshewar aikin. Duba:

  • Saitunan Gudanarwar MC akan shafi na 12.
  • Saitunan Gudanarwar SC akan shafi na 16.

Kanfigareshan Mai Kula da MC
Bayanin Input

Aiki Block Input Nau'in shigarwa mai jituwa Ayyukan Kanfigareshan
Spd MFIN Share:
  • PinConfig0 hanya.
  • PinConfig1 hanya.
DirIn MFIN Share:
  • PinConfig0 hanya.
  • PinConfig1 hanya.
DigAn Share:
  • PinConfig0 hanya.
  • PinConfig1 hanya.

Saitunan Gudanarwa
Yadda ake saita MFIN don shigar da Spd

  1. A cikin samfurin JAGORA, shigar da shafin abubuwan shigarwa.Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (5)
  2. Shigar da MFIN wanda ke karɓar siginar shigarwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (6)
  3. Yi canje-canjen da aka nuna a cikin adadi mai zuwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (7)

Saitunan Gudanarwa
Yadda ake saita MFIN don shigar da DirIn

  1. A cikin samfurin JAGORA, shigar da shafin abubuwan shigarwa.Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (8)
  2. Shigar da MFIN wanda ke karɓar siginar shigarwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (9)
  3. Yi canje-canjen da aka nuna a cikin adadi mai zuwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (10)

Yadda ake saita DigAn don shigar da DirIn

  1. A cikin samfurin JAGORA, shigar da shafin abubuwan shigarwa.Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (11)
  2. Shigar da shafin DigAn wanda ke karɓar siginar shigarwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Block- (12)z
  3. Yi canje-canjen da aka nuna a cikin adadi mai zuwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (13)

SC Controller Configuration
Bayanin Input

Aiki Block Input Nau'in shigarwa mai jituwa Ayyukan Kanfigareshan
Spd MFIN* Share:
  • son zuciya hanya.
  • Rage hanya.
  • Yanayin shigarwa hanya.†
DirIn MFIN Share:
  • son zuciya hanya.
  • Rage hanya.
  • Yanayin shigarwa hanya.†
DigAn Share:
  • son zuciya hanya.
  • Rage hanya.

* MFIN ɗin da kuke amfani da shi dole ne a yi masa lakabi da Dig/Ana/Freq.
† Idan akwai.

Yadda ake saita MFIN don shigar da Spd

  1. A cikin samfurin JAGORA, shigar da shafin abubuwan shigarwa.Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (14)
  2. Shigar da MFIN wanda ke karɓar siginar shigarwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (15)
  3. Yi canje-canjen da aka nuna a cikin adadi mai zuwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (16)

Yadda ake saita MFIN don shigar da DirIn

  1. A cikin samfurin JAGORA, shigar da shafin abubuwan shigarwa.Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (17)
  2. Shigar da MFIN wanda ke karɓar siginar shigarwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (18)
  3. Yi canje-canjen da aka nuna a cikin adadi mai zuwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (19)

Yadda ake saita DigAn don shigar da DirIn

  1. A cikin samfurin JAGORA, shigar da shafin abubuwan shigarwa.Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (20)
  2. Shigar da DigAn wanda ke karɓar siginar shigarwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (21)
  3. Yi canje-canjen da aka nuna a cikin adadi mai zuwa. Danfoss-Compliant-EMD-Speed-Direction-Function-Tlock- (22)

Kayayyakin da muke bayarwa

  • Abubuwan da aka bayar na Bent Axis Motors
  • Rufe Famfu na Piston Axial da Motoci
  • Nunawa
  • Electrohydraulic Power tuƙi
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  • Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tuƙi
  • Haɗin Kai Tsarukan
  • Joysticks da Sarrafa Hannu
  • Microcontrollers da software
  • Buɗe Wutar Lantarki Axial Piston
  • Orbital Motors
  • PLUS+1® JAGORA
  • Matsakaicin Valves
  • Sensors
  • tuƙi
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Danfoss Power Solutions shine masana'anta na duniya kuma mai samar da ingantattun kayan aikin ruwa da na lantarki. Mun ƙware wajen samar da fasahar zamani da mafita waɗanda suka yi fice a cikin matsanancin yanayin aiki na kasuwar wayar tafi da gidanka. Gina kan ƙwararrun aikace-aikacen mu, muna aiki tare da abokan cinikinmu don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki don faɗuwar kewayon motocin kashe-kashe.
Muna taimaka wa OEMs a duk duniya suna hanzarta haɓaka tsarin, rage farashi da kawo motocin zuwa kasuwa cikin sauri.
Danfoss - Abokin Ƙarfafan Ƙarfafan Ƙarfafawar ku a Wayar Hannun Ruwa.
Je zuwa www.powersolutions.danfoss.com don ƙarin bayanin samfurin.
Duk inda motocin da ba su kan hanya suke wurin aiki, Danfoss ma. Muna ba da goyan bayan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun abokan cinikinmu a duk duniya, tare da tabbatar da mafi kyawun mafita don yin fice. Kuma tare da faffadan cibiyar sadarwa na Abokan Sabis na Duniya, muna kuma samar da cikakkiyar sabis na duniya don duk abubuwan haɗin gwiwarmu.
Da fatan za a tuntuɓi wakilin Danfoss Power Solution mafi kusa da ku.

Comatrol
www.comatrol.com
Schwarzmüller-Inverter www.schwarzmueller-inverter.com

Turolla
www.turellaocg.com

Valmova
www.valmov.com

Hydro-Gear
www.hydro-gear.com
Daikin-Sauer-Danfoss www.daikin-sauer-danfoss.com

Danfodiyo
Kamfanin Sadarwar Wutar Lantarki (US) 2800 Gabas 13th Street
Ames, IA 50010, Amurka
Waya: +1 515 239 6000

Danfodiyo
Abubuwan da aka bayar na Power Solutions GmbH & Co. OHG Krokamp 35
D-24539 Neumünster, Jamus Phone: +49 4321 871 0

Danfodiyo
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Danfodiyo
Abubuwan da aka bayar na Power Solutions (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Ginin #22, No. 1000 Jin Hai Rd Jin Qiao, Pudong Sabon Gundumar Shanghai, China 201206 Waya: +86 21 3418 5200

Danfoss ba zai iya karɓar alhakin yuwuwar kurakurai a cikin kasida, ƙasidu da sauran bugu. Danfoss yana da haƙƙin canza kayan sa ba tare da sanarwa ba. Wannan kuma ya shafi samfuran da aka riga aka yi kan oda muddin ana iya yin irin waɗannan sauye-sauye ba tare da wasu canje-canjen da suka zama dole ba a cikin takamaiman ƙayyadaddun da aka amince da su.
Duk alamun kasuwanci a cikin wannan kayan mallakar kamfanoni ne. Danfoss da alamar tambarin Danfoss alamun kasuwanci ne na Danfoss A/S. An kiyaye duk haƙƙoƙi.

L1429328 • Rev AA • Disamba 2014
www.danfoss.com
© Danfoss A/S, 2014

Takardu / Albarkatu

Danfoss Mai Yarda da EMD Tushe Ayyukan Jagoran Saurin [pdf] Manual mai amfani
Toshe Aiki na Gudun Gudun EMD mai dacewa, Toshe Aiki na Hanyar Sauri, Toshe Ayyukan Jagora, Toshe Aiki, Toshe

Magana

Labarai masu alaka

Bar sharhi

Ba za a buga adireshin imel ɗin ku ba. Ana yiwa filayen da ake buƙata alama *