Gastec Gas Sampling Pump GV-100S and GV-110S Instruction Manual

Introduction

This instruction manual covers the Gastec gas sampling pumps, models GV-100S and GV-110S. The GV-110S model includes a pump stroke counter. The manual contains important remarks for the safe and proper use of these devices. Please read it carefully to familiarize yourself with its content.

In this manual, the term "sampling pump" refers to "gas sampling pump," and "detector tube" refers to "gas detector tube." Illustrations may differ in appearance, size, or color from the actual products.

For Safe Usage

The symbols and pictograms used in this manual are intended to ensure the safe operation of the devices.

Symbol Definitions

• CAUTION: Failure to comply with this prescription may result in personal injury or damage to the device.
• REMARK: Under this heading, we have grouped usage tips intended to prevent issues.

Pictogram Definitions

• ⚠️ General Precautions:
• ? Action Prohibited: "Do not touch"
• ℹ️ General Instructions: Explanations and precautions specific to the operation of the GV-110 model (gas sampling pump with counter).

Precautions

• Detector tubes are made of glass and can break. Wear safety glasses and gloves to protect yourself from potential injuries.
• Keep detector tubes out of the reach of children. If used in a classroom, teaching staff and parents must ensure safe usage.
• Sampling pumps should only be used within an ambient temperature range of 0° to 40°C (32° to 104°F). For detector tubes, follow the temperature ranges indicated in their respective manuals. Using pumps or tubes outside these ranges may lead to leaks or erroneous measurements.
• Do not point the tip of a detector tube towards anyone when it is attached to a sampling pump (e.g., during an air leak test or measurement), as the tip can cause injury.
• When using the sampling pump, grip the cylinder and handle, not just the shaft. If the handle lock releases unexpectedly during an air leak test or gas sampling, the handle could snap back, pinching or injuring your fingers.
• When a detector tube breaks, do not over-tighten the tube, as it may snap and cause injury.
• To avoid eye injury from glass fragments or reagents, keep the detector tube as far as possible from your eyes when cutting its tip. If glass fragments or reagents get into an eye, do not rub it; flush thoroughly with water and seek immediate medical attention.
• The tip of a detector tube with a cut end can cause injury. It is recommended to cover the cut ends with optional rubber caps.
• To separate the detector tube from the sampling pump, firmly grip the tube near its attachment point and pull straight. Do not tilt the tube or apply excessive pressure, as this could break the tube and cause injury.
• In case of tube breakage, do not touch the glass fragments or reagents with bare hands, as this could cause injury. If reagents contact the skin, wash the affected area thoroughly with water. Sweep up glass fragments and reagents, then clean the contaminated area with a damp cloth.

Verification of Supply Contents

The supply includes the following items. Please ensure they are all present.

Detector tubes are sold separately.

The carrying case strap can be attached to the case and its length adjusted. The case can then be worn as a shoulder bag.

GV-100

GV-110

What is a Gas Detection System with Reactive Tubes?

The standard Gastec detection system with reactive tubes consists of a GV-100 / GV-110 gas sampling pump and Gastec detector tubes. Hundreds of tubes are available depending on the nature and concentration of the gas or vapor to be measured. Select the appropriate tube based on the gas concentration and intended use.

Gastec standard detector tubes are made of glass and have calibrated scales for direct reading of substance concentrations. Each tube contains a reagent sensitive to the target substance, which changes color rapidly. For accurate readings, the internal diameter of the tubes is precisely calibrated, and only stable reagents are used. Each tube undergoes rigorous quality control. Individual production lots are tested and calibrated independently to ensure maximum accuracy. A quality control number is printed on each detector tube.

Gastec GV-100 / GV-110 gas sampling pumps can draw a precise volume for the detector tube. The full stroke (100 mL) and half stroke (50 mL) are accurately marked by red lines on the pump shaft and handle, which can be locked precisely in position. Pumping fully 'n' times with intervals between each pump stroke will draw a sample volume of 100 mL x n. Each detector tube is calibrated for a specific sample volume (standard). The pump piston has a small diameter, allowing the handle to be pulled fully with minimal effort. Gastec's piston-type sampling pump design is highly advanced and offers significant advantages.

Note: The following conditions apply to the detector tubes mentioned:

• Pyrotubes require an optional Pyrotec.
• Long-life detector tubes, passive dosimeter tubes, and Airtec tubes do not require a sampling pump.
• Odor detector tubes use a special sampling pump.
• Injection detector tubes use a special syringe.
• Detector tubes for educational purposes (50 mL air volume) require a special sampling pump (50 mL internal volume).
• Detector tubes for liquid analysis (water quality, wastewater) do not require a sampling pump.
• Detector tubes for electric sampling use an automatic gas sampling pump (GSP series).

Nomenclature and Function of Parts

Gas Sampling Pump GV-100

Strap: Attach the strap to the pump when working in a confined space like a tank or sewer, to prevent dropping the pump.

• Rubber inlet cone
• Inlet cone tightening nut
• Tube tip cutting device
• Head
• Cylinder
• Rear mount
• Guide line
• Shaft
• Markings (100 mL, 50 mL)
• Handle

GV-110

• Dust cap (rear): Remove this cap when you want to dispose of glass fragments.
• Pump stroke counter: For more details, refer to Section 6-4, "Using the Counter," page 69.
• Finger rest
• Counter ring
• Sampling end indicator: When sampling is complete, this white indicator signals it.

Detector Tube

There are two types of tubes: single-point measurement tubes and combination tubes consisting of a preliminary tube and an analysis tube connected by a rubber ring. Examples of each type (No. 3L for the single tube and No. 131La for the double tube) are shown below.

Single Tube

• Marking C: Indicates the connection direction for double tubes. Connect the tubes so that the markings © of the reaction tube and the measurement tube face each other. Refer to the primary tube for instructions.
• Marking G: Indicates the gas flow direction. Connect the detector tube to the sampling pump so that the arrow points towards the pump inlet.
• Rubber ring position
• Standard pump stroke count (n = number): Indicates the required number of pump strokes for direct concentration reading on the scale.
• Unit of concentration measurement
• Quality control number
• Detector tube reference
• Chemical formula of the substance concerned

Double Tube

• Primary tube
• Analysis tube

Operating Procedure

1. Air Leak Check of the Sampling Pump

REMARK: A leak in the sampling pump will prevent accurate measurements; for example, the reading may be lower than the actual value. Therefore, it is essential to check for air leaks before each measurement. Also, check the operation of the sampling end indicator.

1. Ensure the inlet cone tightening nut is securely tightened.
2. After ensuring the pump handle is fully engaged (the guide line is not visible), insert a new detector tube into the pump's rubber inlet cone.
3. Align the red line (guide mark) on the rear mount with the mark (▲100) on the handle. At this point, the sampling end indicator should protrude.
4. When using the GV-110 pump, align the mark with the guide line (red line) below the white mark △ on the counter. Ensure the sampling end indicator protrudes.

CAUTION: Do not tighten the GV-110 pump at the counter; this may prevent the counter from functioning correctly or cause an anomaly.

4. Firmly grip the cylinder (pump body) of the sampling pump. Pull the handle fully to reveal the red line engraved on the pump shaft in the locked position, then wait for 1 minute. At this time, ensure the sampling end indicator is not white.
5. Unlock the handle by turning it a quarter turn and guide it progressively. Ensure it returns to its initial position and the guide line on the shaft is not visible. Again, ensure the sampling end indicator does not protrude.

CAUTION: When unlocking the handle, guide it with slight resistance. Otherwise, the handle may snap back into the cylinder due to the vacuum inside the pump, potentially damaging internal parts or causing injury.

If a leak is present, follow the instructions in Section 8, "Maintenance" (page 73).

A malfunctioning sampling end indicator may cause a leak. If this occurs, contact a Gastec representative for repair without delay.

2. Selecting the Detector Tube

Select the appropriate Gastec detector tube based on the substance and its presumed concentration. Verify the required number of pump strokes (n) and sampling time for the tube, as well as how to connect two tube sections if it's a double tube. Determine if temperature, humidity, or atmospheric pressure corrections are needed. If not, record ambient conditions during measurement (refer to Section 7, "Reading and Calculating Results"). Check for interfering gases; if present, measure their concentrations and consult the detector tube's manual to determine if corrections are necessary.

REMARK: Ensure the detector tube and sampling pump are from the same manufacturer; otherwise, measurements may be inaccurate. Use detector tubes stored under prescribed conditions and within their expiration date. Tubes can be stored in a cool, dark place or a refrigerator (0° to 10°C / 32° to 50°F, or as indicated on the label). A cool, dark place can be a drawer or cabinet in a room with ambient temperatures between 15° and 25°C (59° to 77°F), away from direct sunlight and fluorescent lighting.

If the detector tube's temperature differs from the measurement environment, allow the tube to reach ambient temperature before measurement; otherwise, readings will be imprecise. If the tube was stored in a refrigerator, keep it in the measurement location for at least 15 minutes before proceeding.

Break both ends of the detector tube immediately before measurement; otherwise, results may be inaccurate. Examine the tube's reading immediately after sampling, as the reaction zone may spread or fade, making reading difficult. A detector tube can only be used once. Using a previously used tube will yield incorrect results, even if no color change was observed previously.

3. Sampling

1. Break both ends (tips) of the detector tube using the provided device or a separate tube cutter. For double tubes, break both ends and connect them using the rubber ring.
2. Ensure the pump handle is fully engaged (guide line invisible). Insert the detector tube into the pump's rubber inlet cone, ensuring the arrow (►) on the tube points towards the pump.
3. Align the guide mark (red line) on the rear mount with the mark (▲100 or 50) on the handle. The mark ▲50 signifies a half pump stroke (50 mL), while ▲100 signifies a full pump stroke (100 mL). The number of pump strokes for a given detector tube can be found on the tube markings or in its manual.

For the GV-110 model, to use the counter, follow the instructions in Section 6-4, "Using the Counter" (page 69).

Repeat steps 3 to 5 if more than one pump stroke is required.

④ Direct the tube tip towards the measurement point and pull the handle fully (for a 100 mL sample) or to the halfway point (for a 50 mL sample), ensuring the shaft remains on the guide line, to bring it to the locked position.

CAUTION: Do not tighten the GV-110 pump at the counter; this may prevent the counter from functioning correctly or cause an anomaly.

⑤ The end of the sampling can be determined by two methods:

• (1) Using the built-in flow end indicator on the handle: Wait for the sampling time to elapse. The completion of a 100 mL or 50 mL sample can be confirmed by the flow end indicator on the handle. Turn the handle a quarter turn to unlock and ensure it returns to its initial position. The white flow end indicator is drawn in by the vacuum in the cylinder. It protrudes when the prescribed volume (100 mL or 50 mL) has been fully drawn. The required time for each sampling is indicated in the detector tube's manual.
• (2) Using the "Play handle" function: Pull the pump handle completely (to the 50 or 100 ml position) and use the resistance of the pressure as an indicator. Absence of pressure should be interpreted as the end of the sampling.

⑥ Remove the detector tube from the pump. Sampling is complete. Read the results from the removed tube as indicated in Section 7, "Reading and Calculating Results" (page 70).

CAUTION: Remove glass fragments from the pump head before it becomes full. Open the dust cap (opposite the tube tip cutting device on the pump head) and shake the pump to expel the fragments, which should be disposed of properly. Carefully replace the cap; otherwise, glass fragments may escape through the hole.

4. Using the Counter

The GV-110 model sampling pump has a counter that can record up to ten samplings. Follow these steps to set the counter to increment by one for each sampling.

1. Set the counter ring to zero ("0") by aligning it with the white mark Δ. Turn the outer ring of the counter so the number aligns with the white mark Δ.
2. With each sampling, the counter value increases by one. When sampling is complete, the number aligned with the white mark Δ indicates the total number of samplings performed. The maximum number of samplings that can be counted is ten. When the white mark Δ aligns with "10", the counter no longer increments.
3. To reset the counter to zero, turn its ring in the direction of the arrow as shown in the illustration. Align the zero ("0") of the counter ring with the white mark Δ. Counting of samplings can begin again.

If you do not wish to use the counter... Turn the counter ring in the direction of the arrow as shown in the illustration. Align the letter "N" with the white mark Δ. The pump is ready for use without the counter.

REMARK:

• The counter does not advance if the handle guide mark is at the 50 position.
• The counter ring cannot be turned while the handle is pulled. Do not force it, as this could irreparably damage the counter.
• Do not tighten the counter during sampling, as this may prevent it from functioning correctly and could cause an anomaly.

7. Reading and Calculating Results

Follow the steps below to read the graduated scale, correct results for ambient factors, and record the measured values. First, consider corrections for temperature and humidity, then for the number of pump strokes (refer to the manual for each detector tube), and finally for ambient atmospheric pressure. Check for the presence of any interfering gases in the measurement environment and, if applicable, for any gas or other factors that might affect the detector tube.

1. Reading the Graduated Scale

At the end of sampling, immediately read the gas concentration at the demarcation between the colored and uncolored parts of the reagent. A marker or felt-tip pen can be useful for indicating the demarcation for later reading.

• If the end of the colored section is perpendicular to the shaft: Simply read the value at this end. In the example above, the reading is "5".
• If the end of the colored section is inclined relative to the shaft: Read the value at the midpoint of the inclined portion. In the example above (intentionally exaggerated to illustrate the principle), the reading is "5", halfway between "4" and "6".
• If the end of the colored section is pale: Read the value halfway between the end of the dark portion and the pale portion. In the example above (intentionally exaggerated), the reading is "5", halfway between "4" and "6".

2. Temperature Correction

If a concentration reading correction is necessary within the temperature range of 0 to 40°C (32° to 104°F), measure the ambient temperature at the sampling point in 5°C (9°F) increments. The temperature measurement refers to the tube's temperature, not the sample's. However, the ambient temperature is often used, as the tube's temperature should be brought to ambient temperature before measurement.

Example 1: Temperature correction using correction factor

To determine the actual concentration when the tube indicates 2.5 ppm at 15°C (59°F), first determine the correction factors for 10°C (50°F) and 20°C (68°F) using the table below. Add these two factors and divide by 2 (average). Finally, multiply the scale reading by the calculated correction factor.

Average determination: (1.20 + 1.00) ÷ 2 = 1.10

Actual concentration = 2.5 ppm × 1.10 = 2.75 ppm

Example 2: Temperature correction using a table

To determine the actual concentration when the tube indicates 0.5% at 35°C (95°F), first determine the true concentration factors for readings of 0.6% at 30°C (86°F) and 40°C (104°F). Add these two factors and divide by 2 (average). Repeat these operations for the 0.4% reading.

Then, add the two true concentrations obtained above and divide by 2 (average). The calculated value, shown in the shaded column below, is 0.425%. This is the true concentration at 35°C (95°F) for the 0.5% reading.

3. Humidity Correction

If the reading requires a humidity correction within the temperature range of 0°C to 40°C (32° to 104°F), measure the ambient hygrometry at the sampling point using the GASTEC gastube No. 6 "Water Vapor."

Example of humidity correction

If the reading from a nitric acid detector tube (No. 15L) is 5 ppm and the reading from the water vapor detector tube is 6 mg/L, calculate the true concentration by multiplying the reading by the appropriate correction factor from the table below.

True concentration = 5 ppm × 0.68 = 3.4 ppm

4. Correction for Number of Pump Strokes

Apply the following correction when measurements required a different number of pump strokes than prescribed. Some detector tubes can measure concentrations beyond their indicated scale. Each tube's manual provides the measurement range, the number of pump strokes (n), and the correction factor for pump strokes (refer to example No. 3L below). Multiply the indicated value by the appropriate factor to obtain the true concentration. However, since correction factors are fixed numerical values, precise results are not possible when the number of pump strokes differs from the standard. The resulting value should therefore be considered indicative. Consult Gastec for precise results comparable to ordinary detector tubes.

Example: No. 3L

5. Correction for Atmospheric Pressure

Tube readings are notably dependent on atmospheric pressure. All Gastec detector tubes are calibrated for standard atmospheric pressure, 1013 hPa (760 mmHg). Readings do not change significantly if the atmospheric pressure deviates by no more than ±10% from the standard pressure (912 to 1114 hPa or 684 to 836 mmHg). However, if the atmospheric pressure during measurement falls outside these limits, apply the following correction to the tube readings:

True concentration = Indicated concentration × (1013 hPa / Atmospheric pressure (hPa))

or

True concentration = Indicated concentration × (760 mmHg / Atmospheric pressure (mmHg))

6. Possible Effects of Interfering Gases

Detection tubes use chemical reagents that produce color changes. Therefore, readings may be affected by gases with chemical properties similar to the gas being studied. If such interference exists, the result will be inaccurate. Check for the presence of interfering gases in the environment where the measurement is being taken. Consult the detector tube's operating manual for possible interference effects. The gastube operating manual includes a table of interferences with the properties of each gas within the concentration range close to that of the gas being studied. Other interferences may occur under specific conditions; if you suspect interference, do not hesitate to consult us.

8. Maintenance

The main causes of leaks in sampling pumps are a loose inlet cone nut, damage to the rubber inlet cone, or deterioration/insufficiency of lubricant. The following table summarizes leak causes and corrective measures. If the proposed solutions do not resolve the problem, consult a Gastec representative for assistance.

Lubrication Guidelines

1. Turn the rear mount counterclockwise to remove the piston from the cylinder.
2. Using a cloth or soft paper, remove the lubricant inside the cylinder and around the piston.
3. Apply new lubricant uniformly to the inner wall of the cylinder.
4. Insert the piston into the cylinder and turn it clockwise to tighten.
5. Move the handle back and forth about ten times to spread the lubricant over the entire cylinder wall.
6. Ensure the air-tightness of the sampling pump.

Cylinder

Head

Lubricant

Piston

Rear mount

Handle

The parts mentioned below are important for air-tightness. Repair or replacement of these parts should be performed by Gastec or a Gastec representative.

• Repair of the sampling end indicator: A malfunction of this indicator can cause an air leak in the sampling pump. In case of defect, consult Gastec or a Gastec representative.
• Replacement of the head: The diamond file in the detector tube tip cutting device can cut approximately 20,000 tubes. When it no longer sufficiently nicks the tube end for easy breakage, request replacement of the head from Gastec or its representative.
• Repair of the counter: If you notice a malfunction in the counter, consult a Gastec representative.

CAUTION: Do not strike the sampling pump violently, as it may be damaged.

REMARK:

• Do not modify a sampling pump. Attempting to modify its characteristics may void the warranty.
• Do not disassemble the sampling pump (its head, rear mount, sampling end indicator, piston). This may subsequently lead to air leaks and void the warranty.
• For maintenance, use only genuine parts; otherwise, the warranty may be voided.

9. Spare Parts

10. Optional Accessories

• Rubber cap: DTP-1-20 (blue) and DTP-2-20 (pink)
  These caps fit onto the open end of the detector tube and are designed to prevent injuries. Blue caps are suitable for large diameter tubes (7 mm), and pink caps for other tubes. These caps can be reused many times. They are supplied in a sachet containing 20 pieces of the same color.
• Tube cutter reservoir No. 722
  This reservoir-type tube cutter allows you to break tube ends and store the glass fragments to prevent dispersion. The reservoir can hold approximately 130 broken tube ends.
• One-hand pump adapter GV-700
  The GV-700 adapter allows operation with one hand. The Gastec Model GV-700 adapter is designed to maintain a vacuum of 50 mL or 100 mL in the pump body. This allows you to assemble the pump and tube conveniently and perform measurements with one hand. A small valve is present on the adapter that can be easily opened or closed with one hand.
• Flexible extensions No. 351A-5 / No. 351A-10 / No. 351A-30
  Flexible extensions to attach to the inlet port of the gas sampling pump (model GV-100) are available for taking measurements downwards in confined spaces such as manholes, reservoirs, etc.

For double tube operations, order a rubber protection for flexible extension (No. 358). If the end of the flexible extension needs replacement, order a replacement rubber protection for flexible extension (No. 359).

No. 351A-5 (5 m length), No. 351A-10 (10 m length), No. 351A-30 (30 m length)

• Telescopic arm for sampling No. 350BP-2
  This is a telescopic arm made of fiberglass that can be held horizontally or vertically in tight spaces for sampling gas or vapor. The length of this arm can be adjusted between 62.4 cm and 2.84 m (2.1 to 9.3 ft). Its weight is 590 g (1.3 lbs).
• Hot gas probe No. 340 Support for hot gas probe No. 345A
  This probe allows sampling of very hot gases, such as exhaust gases from automobiles or fumes with temperatures between 60° and 600°C (140° and 1112°F). The hot gas probe No. 340 rapidly cools the sample before it enters the connected detector tube. The support for the hot gas probe securely holds this probe.

The support for hot gas probe (No. 345A) cannot be used with double tubes and oxygen tubes No. 31B.

• Gastec Manual
  This manual contains very useful information for amateurs and professionals regarding health and hygiene (water, air, soil) in workplaces and public buildings. It also covers numerous Gastec detector tubes, their characteristics, and precision calibration tools; it provides advice on conducting meaningful measurements and describes many substances that can be measured.

11. Disposal of Gastec Detector Tubes

CAUTION: Used detector tubes or those past their expiration date must be disposed of in accordance with the regulations in force in your country. Detector tubes contain chemical reagents that may react with other substances, and sometimes include substances considered hazardous industrial waste. For more information, consult a Gastec representative.

Warning:

• Only use Gastec detector tubes in a Gastec pump.
• Using a detector tube not from Gastec may cause material damage, serious injury, or death.
• This will void all forms of warranty.
• This will render measurement results unusable.

12. Warranty and After-Sales Service

Warranty Period

The warranty period for the sampling pump is one year from the date of purchase. If the sampling pump malfunctions during the warranty period, even if used correctly according to the instruction manual, please contact our agency or the store where you purchased the product.

After-Sales Service

If you have any questions or suggestions, including those in the following areas, consult Gastec or a Gastec representative:

• Questions related to measurement results
• Permanent leaks even after applying corrective measures from the "Maintenance" section
• Head replacement
• Requests for repair or periodic maintenance

Gastec Corporation 2008. Copying, reprinting, or translation is strictly prohibited.