intel AN 769 FPGA Remote Temperature Sensing Diode User Guide

Inkqubo yokuhlola ubushushu be-Intel® FPGA ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise iitshiphusi zomntu wesithathu ukujonga ubushushu besiphambuka (TJ). Le nkqubo yokujonga ubushushu bangaphandle isebenza nangona i-Intel FPGA inikwe amandla okanye ingaqwalaseli. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezininzi omawuziqwalasele xa uyila ujongano phakathi kwetshiphu yangaphandle kunye ne-Intel FPGA ekude yeqondo lobushushu diode (TSDs).
Xa ukhetha itshiphu evavanya ubushushu, uya kujonga ngokwesiqhelo kwiqondo lobushushu ofuna ukulifumana. Nangona kunjalo, ngetekhnoloji yenkqubo yamva nje kunye noyilo olwahlukileyo lwe-TSD ekude, kuya kufuneka uphinde ucinge ngeempawu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ze-chip ye-chip ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno zakho zoyilo oluchanekileyo.

Ngokuqonda ukusebenza kwe-Intel FPGA ekude nenkqubo yokulinganisa ubushushu, unga:

Fumana imiba eqhelekileyo kunye nezicelo zokuva ubushushu.
Khetha eyona chip ifanelekileyo yokuva ubushushu ehlangabezana neemfuno zakho zesicelo, ixabiso, kunye nexesha loyilo.

I-Intel icebisa ngamandla ukuba ulinganise ubushushu bokufa usebenzisa ii-TSD zasekhaya, eziqinisekisiweyo yi-Intel. I-Intel ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweenzwa zokushisa zangaphandle phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa ii-TSD ezikude ezinezivamvo zobushushu zangaphandle, landela izikhokelo ezikolu xwebhu kwaye uqinisekise ukuchaneka komlinganiselo wokumisela ubushushu bakho.

Eli nqaku lesicelo lisebenza ekuphunyezweni kwe-TSD ekude kwi-Intel Stratix® 10 usapho lwesixhobo seFPGA.

Ukuphunyezwa Kuphelileview

I-chip yemvakalelo yobushushu yangaphandle idibanisa kwi-Intel FPGA ekude TSD. I-TSD ekude yi-PNP okanye i-NPN diode edibeneyo ye-transistor.

Umzobo 1. UQhagamshelwano phakathi kweChip yokubona ubushushu kunye ne-Intel FPGA Remote TSD (NPN Diode)

Umzobo 2. UQhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-Chip yokubona ubushushu kunye ne-Intel FPGA Remote TSD (PNP Diode)

Le equation ilandelayo yenza ubushushu be-transistor ngokunxulumene ne-base-emitter voltage (VBE).

Inxaki 1. Ubudlelwane phakathi koBubushushu beTransistor ukuya kwiBase-Emitter Voltage (VBE)Apho:
- T—Ubushushu kuKelvin
- q—intlawulo ye-electron (1.60 × 10−19 C)
- VBE-base-emitter voltage
- k—Boltzmann rhoqo (1.38 × 10−23 J∙K−1)
- IC-umqokeleli wangoku
- IS-i-reverse saturation current
- η-eyona nto ifanelekileyo ye-diode ekude
  Ukucwangcisa ngokutsha iEquation 1, ufumana le nxaki ilandelayo.

Inxaki 2. VBE
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-chip evavanya ubushushu inyanzela imisinga emibini elandelelanayo elawulwa kakuhle, i-I1 kunye ne-I2 kwi-P kunye ne-N izikhonkwane. I-chip ke ilinganisa kwaye ilinganise utshintsho lwe-VBE ye-diode. I-delta kwi-VBE ilingana ngokuthe ngqo nobushushu, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Equation 3.
Equation 3. Delta kwi VBEApho:
- n- inyanzeliswa umlinganiselo wangoku
- I-VBE1-isiseko-emitter voltage i1
- I-VBE2-isiseko-emitter voltage i2

Ukuqwalaselwa koPhumezo

Ukukhetha i-chip evavanya ubushushu kunye neempawu ezifanelekileyo kukuvumela ukuba ukhulise i-chip ukufezekisa ukuchaneka komlinganiselo. Qwalasela izihloko kulwazi olunxulumeneyo xa ukhetha itshiphu.

Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo

Ideality Factor (η-Factor) Mismatch
Series Impazamo yokuchasa
Ubushushu beDiode Beta Ukwahluka
I-Capacitor yoNgeniso eyahlukileyo
Imbuyekezo yokulinganisa

Ideality Factor (η-Factor) Mismatch

Xa usenza umlinganiselo wokushisa we-junction ngokusebenzisa i-diode yangaphandle yeqondo lokushisa, ukuchaneka komlinganiselo weqondo lokushisa kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ze-diode yangaphandle. I-deality factor yiparameter ye-diode ekude elinganisa ukutenxa kwe-diode ekuziphatheni kwayo okulungileyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo unokufumana i-deality factor kwi-data sheet evela kumenzi we-diode. Iidiode ezahlukeneyo zobushushu bangaphandle zikunika amaxabiso ahlukeneyo ngenxa yoyilo olwahlukileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe benkqubo ababusebenzisayo.
Ukungahambelani kakuhle kunokubangela impazamo enkulu yokulinganisa ubushushu. Ukunqanda impazamo ebalulekileyo, i-Intel icebisa ukuba ukhethe i-chip evavanya ubushushu ebonisa into elungelelanisiweyo. Ungalitshintsha ixabiso lento enqwenelekayo kwitshiphu ukuphelisa impazamo engahambelaniyo.

Example 1. Igalelo leFactor eyiNgcaciso kwimpazamo yoMlinganiselo wobushushu

Le exampI-le ibonisa indlela into efanelekileyo enegalelo ngayo kwimpazamo yomlinganiselo wobushushu. Kwi-exampLe, ubalo lubonisa ukufaneleka kokungafani okubangela impazamo ebalulekileyo yomlinganiselo wobushushu.

Inxaki 4. Ideality Factor Relationship ukuya kumlinganiselo wobushushu

Apho:

ηTSC-ideality factor ye-chip ezivayo lobushushu
I-TTSC-iqondo lobushushu elifundwa yi-chip yokuva ubushushu
I-ηRTD-into efanelekileyo ye-diode yokushisa ekude
I-TRTD-iqondo lobushushu kwi-diode yokushisa ekude

La manyathelo alandelayo uqikelelo lomlinganiselo wobushushu (TTSC) ngetshiphu eziva ubushushu, inikwe la maxabiso alandelayo:

I-Ideality factor ye-sensor yobushushu (ηTSC) yi-1.005
Eyona nto ifanelekileyo yeqondo lobushushu diode (ηRTD) yi 1.03
Elona qondo lobushushu kwidiode ekude (TRTD) yi-80°C

Guqula iTRTD ye-80°C ibe nguKelvin: 80 + 273.15 = 353.15 K.
Faka i-Equation 4. Iqondo lobushushu elibaliweyo yi-chip ye-sensing chip yi-1.005 × 353.15 = 344.57 K.TTSC = 1.03

Guqula ixabiso elibaliweyo libe kwiCelsius: TTSC = 344.57 K – 273.15 K = 71.43°C Impazamo yobushushu (TE) ebangelwa kukungahambelani kakuhle:
TE = 71.43°C – 80.0°C = –8.57°C

Series Impazamo yokuchasa

Ukumelana nochungechunge kwi-P kunye ne-N izikhonkwane kunegalelo kwimpazamo yokulinganisa ubushushu.

Ukuchasana kothotho kunokusuka:

Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwe-P kunye ne-N pin ye-diode yeqondo lokushisa.
Ibhodi ilandelela ukuxhathisa, umzekeloample, umkhondo ibhodi elide.

Ukuchasana kochungechunge kubangela ivolthi eyongezelelweyotage ukuhla kwindlela yokubona ubushushu kwaye kubangele impazamo yokulinganisa, echaphazela ukuchaneka komlinganiselo wobushushu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le meko iyenzeka xa usenza umlinganiselo weqondo lobushushu kunye ne-2-yangoku ye-chip yokuva ubushushu.

Umzobo 3. Ngaphakathi kunye nebhodi kwi-Resistance SeriesUkuchaza impazamo yobushushu efunyenweyo xa uxhathiso lothotho lusanda, omnye umenzi we-chip ovavanya ubushushu ubonelela ngedatha yempazamo yobushushu be diode ekude ngokuchasene nokumelana.
Nangona kunjalo, unokuphelisa impazamo yokumelana nothotho. Enye i-chip evavanya ubushushu inento eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yokuchasa uthotho lokurhoxiswa. Uluhlu lokurhoxisa ukuchasa lunokuphelisa ukuchasana kothotho ukusuka kuluhlu lwamakhulu ambalwa Ω ukuya kuluhlu oludlula amawaka ambalwa Ω.
I-Intel icebisa ukuba uqwalasele inqaku lokurhoxisa uthotho xa ukhetha itshiphu yemvakalelo yobushushu. Isici sisusa ngokuzenzekelayo imposiso yobushushu ebangelwa ukuchasana kwendlela kwi-transistor ekude.

Ubushushu beDiode Beta Ukwahluka

Njengoko inkqubo yejometri yeteknoloji isiba ncinci, ixabiso leBeta(β) lePNP okanye iNPN substrate liyehla.
Njengoko ixabiso le-Beta ye-diode yeqondo lokushisa lihla, ngakumbi ukuba umqokeleli we-diode wokushisa uboshwe emhlabeni, ixabiso le-Beta lichaphazela umlinganiselo wangoku kwi-Equation 3 kwiphepha lesi-5. Ngoko ke, ukugcina umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wangoku kubalulekile.
Ezinye iitshiphusi ezibona ubushushu zinento eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yembuyekezo yeBeta. Ukwahluka kwe-Beta ye-circuitry senses i-base current kunye nokulungelelanisa i-emitter yangoku ukubuyisela ukuhluka. Imbuyekezo yeBeta igcina umlinganiselo wangoku womqokeleli.

Umzobo 4. I-Intel Stratix 10 Core Fabric Temperature Diode eneMaxim eDityanisiweyo*'s MAX31730 Beta Imbuyekezo yenziwe
Eli nani libonisa ukuba ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kuphunyeziwe ngembuyekezo yeBeta evuliweyo. Imilinganiselo ithathwe ngexesha le-FPGA amandla phantsi imeko-isethi kunye nobushushu obulinganisiweyo kulindeleke ukuba busondele.

	0˚C	50˚C	100˚C
Imbuyekezo yeBeta icinyiwe	25.0625˚C	70.1875˚C	116.5625˚C
Imbuyekezo yeBeta ivuliwe	-0.6875˚C	49.4375˚C	101.875˚C

I-Capacitor yoNgeniso eyahlukileyo

I-capacitor (CF) kwi-P kunye nezikhonkwane ze-N zisebenza njengesihluzo esisezantsi esinceda ukuhluza ingxolo ephezulu kunye nokuphucula ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI).
Kuya kufuneka uqaphele ngexesha lokukhetha i-capacitor kuba i-capacitance enkulu inokuchaphazela ixesha lokunyuka komthombo wangoku otshintshileyo kwaye ungenise impazamo enkulu yokulinganisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umenzi we-chip ovavanya ubushushu ubonelela ngexabiso le-capacitance elicetyiswayo kwiphepha labo ledatha. Jonga kwizikhokelo zoyilo lomenzi we-capacitor okanye isincomo ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo malunga nexabiso le-capacitance.

Umzobo 5. Isakhono sokuNgena esahlukileyo

Imbuyekezo yokulinganisa

Izinto ezininzi zinokuthi ngaxeshanye zibe negalelo kwimpazamo yomlinganiselo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukusebenzisa indlela enye yembuyekezo akunakuyisombulula ngokupheleleyo umba. Enye indlela yokusombulula impazamo yokulinganisa kukusebenzisa imbuyekezo ye-offset.

Phawula: I-Intel icebisa ukuba usebenzise itshiphu evavanya ubushushu enembuyekezo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Ukuba itshiphu yemvakalelo yobushushu ayiluxhasi uphawu, unokufaka imbuyekezo yokulinganisa ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kweposi ngengqiqo yesiko okanye isoftware.
Imbuyekezo ye-offset itshintsha ixabiso lerejista ye-offset ukusuka kwi-chip yemvakalelo yobushushu ukuphelisa impazamo ebalwayo. Ukusebenzisa olu phawu, kufuneka wenze iqondo lobushushufile funda kwaye uchonge ixabiso le-offset lokusebenzisa.

Kufuneka uqokelele imilinganiselo yobushushu kuluhlu olufunekayo lobushushu kunye noseto oluhlala lukhona lwetshiphu evavanya ubushushu. Emva koko, yenza ucazululo lwedatha njengakumzekelo ulandelayoample ukumisela ixabiso lokulinganisa eliza kusetyenziswa. I-Intel icebisa ukuba uvavanye iitshiphusi ezininzi zokuva ubushushu kunye ne-diode ekude yobushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ugubungela inxenye-kwinxalenye eyahlukileyo. Emva koko, sebenzisa i-avareji yemilinganiselo kuhlalutyo ukumisela useto oluza kulusebenzisa.
Unokukhetha amanqaku obushushu oza kuwavavanya ngokusekelwe kwimeko yokusebenza kwenkqubo yakho.

Inxaki 5. Offset Factor

Example 2. Ukusetyenziswa kwembuyekezo ye-Offset Kulo mxample, iseti yemilinganiselo yobushushu yaqokelelwa ngamanqaku amathathu obushushu. Sebenzisa i-Equation 5 kumaxabiso kwaye ubale i-offset factor.

Uluhlu loku-1. Idatha eqokelelweyo phambi kokufaka iMbuyekezo ye-Offset

Seta iqondo lobushushu		Ubushushu obumiselweyo
100°C	373.15 K	111.06°C	384.21 K
50°C	323.15 K	61.38°C	334.53 K
0°C	273.15 K	11.31°C	284.46 K

Sebenzisa inqaku eliphakathi loluhlu lobushushu ukubala ubushushu bokulinganisa. Kule example, indawo ephakathi yi 50 °C isethi yobushushu.
Ubushushu bokulinganisa

= Iqondo lokulinganisa × ( Ubushushu obulinganisiweyo−Seta ubushushu)
= 0.9975 × (334.53 - 323.15)
= 11.35

Faka ixabiso leqondo lobushushu kunye neminye imiba yembuyekezo, ukuba iyafuneka, kwitshiphu yokuva ubushushu kwaye uphinde uthathe umlinganiselo.

Uluhlu loku-2. Idatha eqokelelwe emva kokufaka iMbuyekezo ye-Offset

Seta iqondo lobushushu	Ubushushu obumiselweyo	Impazamo
100°C	101.06°C	1.06°C
50°C	50.13°C	0.13°C
0°C	0.25°C	0.25°C

Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo
Iziphumo zoVavanyo
Ibonelela ngokutshaview yeziphumo zovavanyo lwendlela yembuyekezo yokulinganisa kunye neMaxim Integrated* kunye neTexas Instruments* iitshiphusi eziziva ubushushu.

Iziphumo zoVavanyo

Kuvavanyo, i-Maxim Integrated*'s MAX31730 kunye ne-Texas Instruments*'s TMP468 iikhithi zokuvavanya zalungiswa ukuze zijongane nobushushu obukude beediode zeebhloko ezininzi kwi-Intel FPGA.

Uluhlu loku-3. Iibhloko eziVavanyiweyo kunye neMifuziselo yeBhodi

Vimba	IBhodi yoVavanyo lwe-Chip yokubona ubushushu
Vimba	Texas Instruments 'TMP468	UMaxim Dibanisa d's MAX31730
Intel Stratix 10 core ilaphu	Ewe	Ewe
I-H-tile okanye i-L-tile	Ewe	Ewe
Ithayile ye-E	Ewe	Ewe
Ithayile yeP	Ewe	Ewe

La manani alandelayo abonisa ukusekwa kwebhodi ye-Intel FPGA kunye nebhodi yokuvavanya iMaxim Integrated kunye ne-Texas Instruments.

Umzobo 6. Cwangcisa ngeMaxim Dibanisa d's MAX31730 iBhodi yoVavanyo

Umzobo 7. Seta neBhodi yoVavanyo ye-TMP468 ye-Texas Instruments

Umnyanzeli we-thermal-okanye ngenye indlela, ungasebenzisa igumbi lobushushu-eligqunywe kwaye litywinwe i-FPGA kwaye linyanzeliswe ubushushu ngokwendawo yobushushu ebekiweyo.
Ngexesha lovavanyo, i-FPGA yahlala ikwimeko engenamandla ukuyinqanda ekuveliseni ubushushu.
Ixesha lokufunxa kwindawo nganye yovavanyo lobushushu laliyimizuzu engama-30.
Iisetingi kwiikiti zovavanyo zisebenzise useto olungagqibekanga oluvela kubavelisi.
Emva kokusekwa, amanyathelo kwiMbuyekezo ye-Offset kwiphepha le-10 alandelwe ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nohlalutyo.

UVavanyo kunye neBhodi yoVavanyo lweChip yeMaxim eDityanisiweyo yeMAX31730

Olu vavanyo lwenziwe ngamanyathelo okumisela njengoko kuchaziwe kwiMbuyekezo ye-Offset.
Idatha yaqokelelwa ngaphambi nangemva kokufaka imbuyekezo ye-offset. Iqondo lobushushu elahlukileyo lisetyenzisiwe kwiibhloko ezahlukeneyo ze-Intel FPGA kuba ixabiso le-offset elilodwa alinakusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iibhloko. La manani alandelayo abonisa iziphumo.

Umzobo 8. Idatha ye-Intel Stratix 10 Core Fabric

Umzobo 9. Idatha ye-Intel FPGA H-Tile kunye ne-L-Tile

Umzobo 10. Idatha ye-Intel FPGA E-Tile

Umzobo 11. Idatha ye-Intel FPGA P-Tile

UVavanyo kunye neBhodi yoVavanyo lweChip ye-TMP468 ye-Texas Instruments's TMPXNUMX

Umzobo 12. Idatha ye-Intel Stratix 10 Core Fabric

Umzobo 13. Idatha ye-Intel FPGA H-Tile kunye ne-L-Tile

Umzobo 14. Idatha ye-Intel FPGA E-Tile

Umzobo 15. Idatha ye-Intel FPGA P-Tile

Ukuqukumbela

Baninzi abavelisi betshiphu abahlukeneyo abahlukeneyo. Ngexesha lokukhetha icandelo, i-Intel icebisa ngamandla ukuba ukhethe itshiphu yemvakalelo yobushushu ngezi ngqwalasela zilandelayo.

Khetha itshiphu enophawu lwento enokulungiseka.
Khetha itshiphu enokurhoxiswa kothotho lokuxhathisa.
Khetha itshiphu exhasa imbuyekezo yeBeta.
Khetha ii-capacitors ezihambelana neengcebiso zomenzi wetshiphu.
Faka nayiphi na imbuyekezo efanelekileyo emva kokwenza inkqubo yeqondo lokushisafile funda.

Ngokusekwe kuphunyezo loqwalaselo kunye neziphumo zovavanyo, kufuneka ukhulise itshiphu yemvakalelo yobushushu kuyilo lwakho ukufezekisa ukuchaneka komlinganiselo.

Imbali yoHlaziyo loXwebhu lwe-AN 769: I-Intel FPGA yeRemote yoVavanya lobushushu beSikhokelo sokuSebenzisa iDiode

Inguqulelo yoXwebhu	Iinguqu
2022.04.06	Kulungiswe ukubalwa kweqondo lobushushu letshiphu kwisihloko esimalunga nokungahambelani komgangatho wobushushu. Lulungisiwe ubalo lweqondo lobushushu example kwisihloko malunga nembuyekezo ye-offset.
2021.02.09	Ukukhutshwa kokuqala.

Intel Corporation. Onke Amalungelo Agciniwe. I-Intel, ilogo ye-Intel, kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-Intel ziimpawu zorhwebo ze-Intel Corporation okanye iinkampani eziphantsi kwayo. I-Intel iqinisekisa ukusebenza kweFPGA yayo kunye neemveliso zesemiconductor kwiinkcukacha zangoku ngokuhambelana newaranti esemgangathweni ye-Intel, kodwa inelungelo lokwenza utshintsho kuzo naziphi na iimveliso kunye neenkonzo nangaliphi na ixesha ngaphandle kwesaziso. I-Intel ayithathi xanduva okanye ityala elivela kwisicelo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwalo naluphi na ulwazi, imveliso, okanye inkonzo echazwe apha ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngokubhaliweyo yi-Intel. Abathengi be-Intel bayacetyiswa ukuba bafumane inguqulelo yamva nje yeenkcazo zesixhobo ngaphambi kokuba baxhomekeke kulo naluphi na ulwazi olupapashiweyo naphambi kokubeka iiodolo zeemveliso okanye iinkonzo.
*Amanye amagama kunye neempawu zingabangwa njengempahla yabanye.

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I-AN 769 FPGA iRemote Sensing Diode, AN 769, FPGA Remote Sensing Diode, Remote Sensing Diode, Diode Sensing Temperature, Diode yokuva iqondo lobushushu

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