A MAC (Media Access Control) kero ideti yakasarudzika inopihwa kunetiweki nzvimbo dzekutaurirana pane yemuviri network segment. Kero dzeMAC dzinoshandiswa sekero yetiweki kune akawanda IEEE 802 network tekinoroji, kusanganisira Ethernet neWi-Fi. Iyo inhamba yekuzivikanwa yehardware inonyatso zivisa mudziyo wega wega panetiweki.

Misiyano pakati peWiFi MAC Kero uye Bluetooth MAC Kero:

1. Shandisa Context:
   • WiFi MAC Kero: Inoshandiswa nemidziyo yekubatanidza kune network yeWi-Fi. Izvo zvinodikanwa pakuona zvishandiso paLAN uye kugadzirisa kubatana uye kutonga kwekuwana.
   • Bluetooth MAC Kero: Izvi zvinoshandiswa nemidziyo yekutaurirana neBluetooth, inozivisa zvishandiso mukati meBluetooth renji uye kugadzirisa zvinongedzo uye kutumira data.
2. Yakapihwa Numeri:
   • WiFi MAC Kero: WiFi MAC kero dzinowanzo kupihwa nemugadziri wetiweki interface controller (NIC) uye inochengetwa muhardware yayo.
   • Bluetooth MAC Kero: Makero eBluetooth MAC anopihwawo nemugadziri wemudziyo asi anoshandiswa chete kutaurirana neBluetooth.
3. Format:
   • Kero dzese dziri mbiri dzinowanzo tevera maitiro akafanana - mapoka matanhatu emanhamba maviri ehexadecimal, akapatsanurwa nemakoroni kana hyphens (semuenzaniso, 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E).
4. Protocol Standards:
   • WiFi MAC Kero: Inoshanda pasi peIEEE 802.11 zviyero.
   • Bluetooth MAC Kero: Inoshanda pasi peBluetooth standard, iyo IEEE 802.15.1.
5. Kukurukurirana:
   • WiFi MAC Kero: Inoshandiswa kune yakafararira kutaurirana netiweki, kazhinji pamadaro akakura uye yekubatanidza internet.
   • Bluetooth MAC Kero: Inoshandiswa pakutaurirana kwepedyo, kazhinji kubatanidza zvishandiso zvemunhu kana kugadzira madiki enzvimbo yemunhu.

Bluetooth Yakadzika Simba (BLE): BLE, inozivikanwawo seBluetooth Smart, iwaya isina waya yenzvimbo yetiweki tekinoroji yakagadzirwa uye kutengeswa neBluetooth Special Interest Boka ine chinangwa chekushandisa zvitsva muhutano, kusimba, mabhekoni, chengetedzo, uye maindasitiri evaraidzo epamba. BLE inoitirwa kupa yakadzikira yakadzikira mashandisiro emagetsi uye mutengo uchichengetedza yakafanana yekutaurirana renji kune yekare Bluetooth.

MAC Kero Randomization: MAC kero randomisation inzira yekuvanzika iyo nharembozha dzinotenderedza kero dzadzo dzeMAC nguva nenguva kana pese padzinobatana kune imwe network. Izvi zvinodzivirira kuteverwa kwemidziyo vachishandisa kero yavo yeMAC pane akasiyana maWi-Fi network.

1. WiFi MAC Kero Randomization: Izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa mune nharembozha kudzivirira kuteedzera uye profiling yetiweki chiitiko chemudziyo. Masisitimu anoshanda akasiyana anoshandisa MAC kero randomisation zvakasiyana, ane madhigirii akasiyana ekubudirira.
2. Bluetooth MAC Kero Randomization: Bluetooth inogona zvakare kushandisa MAC kero randomization, kunyanya muBLE, kudzivirira kuteedzera kwemudziyo kana ichishambadzira kuvepo kwayo kune mamwe maBluetooth madivayiri.

Chinangwa cheMAC kero randomisation ndechekusimudzira kuvanzika kwevashandisi, senge static MAC kero inogona kushandiswa kuteedzera zviitiko zvemushandisi mumatiweki akasiyana nekufamba kwenguva.

Tichifunga tekinoroji nyowani uye pfungwa dzinopesana, munhu anogona zvakare kufungidzira kuti mune ramangwana, MAC kero randomisation inogona kushanduka kushandisa nzira dzakaomarara dzekugadzira kero dzenguva pfupi kana kushandisa mamwe matanho ekuchengetedza zvakavanzika senge network-level encryption kana kushandisa kero yenguva imwe chete. shanduko iyoyo nepacket yega yega inotumirwa.

Kutsvaga kero yeMAC

Kutsvaga kero yeMAC

Iyo MAC kero ine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru:

1. Chiziviso cheOrganally Unique (OUI): Mabhaiti matatu ekutanga ekero yeMAC anozivikanwa seOUI kana kodhi yemutengesi. Uku kutevedzana kwemavara akapihwa neIEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) kumugadziri wetiweki-ane hukama hardware. Iyo OUI yakasarudzika kumugadziri wega wega uye inoshanda senzira yekuvaziva pasi rose.
2. Device Identifier: Iwo matatu mabheti asara ekero yeMAC anopihwa nemugadziri uye akasiyana kune yega yega mudziyo. Ichi chikamu dzimwe nguva chinodaidzwa nezvacho seNIC-chaiyo chikamu.

Paunenge uchitsvaga kero yeMAC, unenge uchishandisa chishandiso kana sevhisi yepamhepo ine dhatabhesi yeOUIs uye vanoziva kuti vanowirirana nevagadziri vapi. Nekuisa iyo MAC kero, sevhisi inogona kukuudza kuti ndeipi kambani yakagadzira hardware.

Heano maitiro akajairwa MAC kero yekutarisa inoshanda:

1. Isa iyo MAC Kero: Iwe unopa iyo yakazara MAC kero kune yekutarisa sevhisi kana chishandiso.
2. Kuzivikanwa kweOUI: Sevhisi inozivisa hafu yekutanga yekero yeMAC (iyo OUI).
3. Dhatabhesi Kutsvaga: Chishandiso chinotsvaga iyi OUI mudhatabhesi yayo kuti iwane anowirirana mugadziri.
4. Output Information: Iyo sevhisi inobva yaburitsa zita remugadziri uye pamwe zvimwewo zvimwe zvakaita senzvimbo, kana zviripo.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti nepo OUI ichigona kukuudza mugadziri, haina chainokuudza nezve mudziyo pachawo, senge modhi kana mhando. Zvakare, sezvo mugadziri angave aine akawanda maOUI, iyo yekutarisa inogona kudzosera akati wandei vangango kwikwidza. Uyezve, mamwe masevhisi anogona kupa rumwe ruzivo nekupfuura-referensi kero yeMAC nemamwe dhatabhesi kuti aone kana kero yakaonekwa mune chaiyo network kana nzvimbo.

Tevera A MAC Kero

WiGLE (Wireless Geographic Logging Injini) ndeye websaiti inopa dhatabhesi yeasina waya network pasi rese, ine maturusi ekutsvaga nekusefa aya network. Kuti utsvage nzvimbo yekero yeMAC uchishandisa WiGLE, iwe unowanzo kutevedzera aya matanho:

1. Svika WiGLE: Enda kuWiGLE websaiti uye saina mukati. Kana iwe usina account, unozofanirwa kunyoresa kune imwe.
2. Tsvaga MAC Kero: Enda kune basa rekutsvaga uye shandisa kero yeMAC yetiweki isina waya yaunofarira. Iyi kero yeMAC inofanira kubatanidzwa neiyo chaiyo isina waya yekuwana nzvimbo.
3. Ongorora Migumisiro: WiGLE inoratidza chero network inoenderana neMAC kero yawaisa. Ichakuratidza mepu yenzvimbo dzakaiswa manetwork. Kurongeka kweiyo data yenzvimbo kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekuti kangani uye nevangani vashandisi vakasiyana iyo network yakaiswa.

Nezve misiyano pakati peBluetooth neWiFi kutsvaga paWiGLE:

• Frequency Bands: WiFi inowanzoshanda pamabhendi e2.4 GHz uye 5 GHz, ukuwo Bluetooth inoshanda pa2.4 GHz bhendi asi iine protocol yakasiyana uye ipfupi.
• Discovery Protocol: Manetiweki eWiFi anocherechedzwa neSSID yavo (Service Set Identifier) ​​uye MAC kero, nepo maBluetooth anoshandisa mazita emudziyo nekero.
• Range of Search: Manetiweki eWiFi anogona kuwonekwa pamusoro pemadaro marefu, kazhinji makumi emamita, nepo Bluetooth inowanzoganhurwa kusvika kumamita gumi.
• Data Logged: Kutsvaga kweWiFi kunokupa iwe mazita etiweki, chengetedzo mapuroteni, uye simba rechiratidzo, pakati peimwe data. Kutsvaga kweBluetooth, uko kushoma paWiGLE, kwaizongokupa mazita emudziyo uye rudzi rweBluetooth mudziyo.

Nezve MAC kero kupindirana:

• Unique Identifiers: Makero eMAC anofanirwa kunge ari madhizaini akasiyana etiweki hardware, asi pane zviitiko zvekupindirana nekuda kwekukanganisa kwekugadzira, spoofing, kana kushandisazve kero mumamiriro akasiyana.
• Impact paKutsvaga Nzvimbo: Kupindirana mumakero eMAC kunogona kutungamirira kune ruzivo rwenzvimbo rusina kurongeka, sezvo kero imwe chete inogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzakawanda, dzisina hukama.
• Zvakavanzika Matanho: Mimwe midziyo inoshandisa MAC kero randomisation kudzivirira kutevera, izvo zvinogona kuumba zvinooneka kupindirana mumadhatabhesi seWiGLE, sezvo mudziyo mumwe chete ungave wakadhindwa nemakero akasiyana nekufamba kwenguva.

WiGLE inogona kuva chishandiso chinobatsira pakunzwisisa kugovera uye huwandu hwemawaya mawaya, asi ine painogumira, kunyanya mukurongeka kwedata renzvimbo uye kugona kweMAC kero inopindirana.

References

• User Manual