ʻO kahi helu MAC (Media Access Control) kahi ʻike kūʻokoʻa i hāʻawi ʻia i nā pilina pūnaewele no nā kamaʻilio ma ka ʻāpana pūnaewele kino. Hoʻohana ʻia nā helu MAC ma ke ʻano he helu pūnaewele no ka hapa nui o nā ʻenehana pūnaewele IEEE 802, me Ethernet a me Wi-Fi. He helu helu ʻike paahana ia e ʻike kūʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia mea hana ma kahi pūnaewele.

Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o WiFi MAC Address a me Bluetooth MAC Address:

1. Hoʻohana Hoʻohana:
   • Wahi a WiFi MAC: Hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea hana e hoʻopili ai i kahi pūnaewele Wi-Fi. Pono ia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hana ma kahi LAN a no ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka pilina a me ka mana komo.
   • Wahi a Bluetooth MAC: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia e nā hāmeʻa no nā kamaʻilio Bluetooth, e ʻike ana i nā mea i loko o ka laulā Bluetooth a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pilina a me ka hoʻoili ʻikepili.
2. Nā helu i hāʻawi ʻia:
   • Wahi a WiFi MAC: Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia nā leka uila WiFi MAC e ka mea hana o ka mea hoʻoponopono kikowaena pūnaewele (NIC) a mālama ʻia i loko o kāna lako.
   • Wahi a Bluetooth MAC: Hāʻawi ʻia nā helu MAC Bluetooth e ka mea hana mea hana akā hoʻohana wale ʻia no ke kamaʻilio Bluetooth.
3. Hōʻano:
   • Hoʻopili maʻamau nā ʻōlelo ʻelua i ke ʻano like - ʻeono pūʻulu o nā huahelu hexadecimal ʻelua, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā kola a i ʻole nā ​​kaha hyphens (e laʻa, 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E).
4. Nā Kūlana Kūlana:
   • Wahi a WiFi MAC: Hana ia ma lalo o nā kūlana IEEE 802.11.
   • Wahi a Bluetooth MAC: Ke hana nei ia ma lalo o ke kūlana Bluetooth, ʻo ia ka IEEE 802.15.1.
5. Lahui o ka launa:
   • Wahi a WiFi MAC: Hoʻohana ʻia no ke kamaʻilio pūnaewele ākea, pinepine ma kahi mamao aku a no ka pilina pūnaewele.
   • Wahi a Bluetooth MAC: Hoʻohana ʻia no ke kamaʻilio kokoke ʻana, maʻamau no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā polokalamu pilikino a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i nā pūnaewele wahi pilikino liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka ikehu haʻahaʻa Bluetooth (BLE): ʻO BLE, i ʻike ʻia ʻo Bluetooth Smart, he ʻenehana pūnaewele wahi pilikino i hoʻolālā ʻia a kūʻai ʻia e ka Bluetooth Special Interest Group e kuhikuhi ana i nā noi hou i ka mālama olakino, olakino, beacons, palekana, a me nā ʻoihana ʻoliʻoli home. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo BLE e hāʻawi i ka hoʻemi nui ʻana i ka mana a me ke kumukūʻai ʻoiai e mālama ana i kahi ʻano kamaʻilio like me ka Bluetooth maʻamau.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo MAC Address: ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka helu helu MAC he ʻenehana pilikino kahi e hoʻohuli ai nā polokalamu kelepona i kā lākou mau helu MAC i nā manawa maʻamau a i kēlā me kēia manawa e pili ai lākou i kahi pūnaewele ʻokoʻa. Mālama kēia i ka nānā ʻana o nā mea hana e hoʻohana ana i kā lākou mau leka uila MAC ma nā pūnaewele Wi-Fi like ʻole.

1. ʻO WiFi MAC helu kuhi hewa: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia i nā polokalamu kelepona e pale aku i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana pūnaewele o ka hāmeʻa. Hoʻokomo ʻokoʻa nā ʻōnaehana hana ʻokoʻa i ka helu MAC address randomization, me nā pae like ʻole o ka pono.
2. ʻO Bluetooth MAC Address Randomization: Hiki i ka Bluetooth ke hoʻohana i ka helu helu MAC randomization, ʻoi aku ma BLE, e pale i ka nānā ʻana i ka hāmeʻa ke hoʻolaha ʻo ia i kona hele ʻana i nā polokalamu Bluetooth ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka manaʻo o ka helu helu MAC randomization e hoʻonui i ka pilikino o ka mea hoʻohana, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi helu MAC static e nānā i nā hana a kahi mea hoʻohana ma nā pūnaewele like ʻole i ka manawa.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā ʻenehana hou a me nā manaʻo contrarian, hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki i ka MAC address randomization ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā helu manawa pōkole a i ʻole e hoʻohana i nā papa o ka palekana pilikino e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pae pūnaewele a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā helu manawa hoʻokahi. kēlā hoʻololi me kēlā me kēia ʻeke i hoʻouna ʻia.

ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka helu MAC

ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka helu MAC

ʻO ka helu MAC he ʻelua ʻāpana nui:

1. Mea ʻIke Kūʻokoʻa Hui (OUI): Ua ʻike ʻia nā bytes ʻekolu mua o ka helu MAC ʻo ka OUI a i ʻole code mea kūʻai aku. He kaʻina o nā huaʻōlelo i hāʻawi ʻia e ka IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) i kahi mea hana ʻenehana pili pūnaewele. He ʻokoʻa ka OUI i kēlā me kēia mea hana a lawelawe ʻo ia i ala e ʻike ai iā lākou ma ka honua.
2. Mea Hoʻomaopopo Mea Hana: ʻO ke koena ʻekolu bytes o ka helu MAC i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea hana a kū hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia mea. ʻO kēia ʻāpana i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo ka NIC-specific part.

Ke hana ʻoe i kahi huli helu MAC, hoʻohana maʻamau ʻoe i kahi hāmeʻa a i ʻole lawelawe pūnaewele i loaʻa kahi waihona o nā OUI a ʻike i nā mea hana e pili ana iā lākou. Ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka helu MAC, hiki i ka lawelawe ke haʻi iā ʻoe i ka hui i hana i ka lako.

Eia ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o kahi huli helu MAC maʻamau:

1. E hoʻokomo i ka helu MAC: Hāʻawi ʻoe i ka helu MAC piha i kahi lawelawe ʻimi a mea hana paha.
2. ʻIkepili o OUI: Hoʻomaopopo ka lawelawe i ka hapa mua o ka helu MAC (ka OUI).
3. Huli ʻikepili: Huli ka mea hana i kēia OUI ma kāna waihona e ʻike ai i ka mea hana like.
4. ʻIke Hoʻopuka: A laila hoʻopuka ka lawelawe i ka inoa o ka mea hana a me nā kikoʻī ʻē aʻe paha e like me ka wahi, inā loaʻa.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻoiai hiki i ka OUI ke haʻi iā ʻoe i ka mea hana, ʻaʻole ia e haʻi iā ʻoe i kekahi mea e pili ana i ka hāmeʻa ponoʻī, e like me ke kumu hoʻohālike a i ʻole ke ʻano. Eia kekahi, no ka mea he nui nā OUI o ka mea hana, hiki i ka huli ke hoʻihoʻi i kekahi mau moho. Eia kekahi, hiki i kekahi mau lawelawe ke hāʻawi i nā kikoʻī hou aku ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka helu MAC me nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo ai inā ua ʻike ʻia ka helu wahi ma nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nā ​​wahi kikoʻī.

E ʻimi i kahi helu MAC

ʻO WiGLE (Wireless Geographic Logging Engine) kahi webpaena e hāʻawi ana i kahi waihona o nā ʻupena uila ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me nā mea hana no ka ʻimi a kānana ʻana i kēia mau pūnaewele. No ka huli ʻana i kahi o kahi helu MAC me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā WiGLE, e hahai maʻamau ʻoe i kēia mau ʻanuʻu:

1. Loaʻa iā WiGLE: E hele i ka WiGLE webpūnaewele a kau inoa. Inā ʻaʻohe āu moʻokāki, pono ʻoe e kākau inoa no hoʻokahi.
2. Huli no Wahi MAC: E hoʻokele i ka hana ʻimi a hoʻokomo i ka helu MAC o ka ʻuena uila āu e makemake ai.
3. E noʻonoʻo i nā hopena: E hōʻike ana ʻo WiGLE i nā pūnaewele e like me ka helu MAC āu i hoʻokomo ai. E hōʻike iā ʻoe i kahi palapala ʻāina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kēia mau pūnaewele. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka pololei o ka ʻikepili wahi ma muli o ka nui o nā manawa a me ka nui o nā mea hoʻohana like ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pūnaewele.

E pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hulina Bluetooth a me WiFi ma WiGLE:

• Nā Kaha Alapine: Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻo WiFi ma nā pūʻulu 2.4 GHz a me 5 GHz, ʻoiai e hana ana ʻo Bluetooth ma ka band 2.4 GHz akā me kahi protocol ʻokoʻa a me ka pōkole pōkole.
• Pūnaewele Discovery: ʻIke ʻia nā pūnaewele WiFi e kā lākou SSID (Service Set Identifier) ​​a me MAC address, ʻoiai nā mea Bluetooth e hoʻohana i nā inoa a me nā helu wahi.
• Laulā o ka Huli: Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻupena WiFi ma kahi lōʻihi, he ʻumi mau mika, ʻoiai ʻo Bluetooth ka palena ma kahi o 10 mika.
• ʻIkepili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: Hāʻawi nā ʻimi WiFi iā ʻoe i nā inoa pūnaewele, nā protocol palekana, a me ka ikaika hōʻailona, ​​​​ma waena o nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā hulina Bluetooth, ka mea maʻamau ma WiGLE, e hāʻawi wale iā ʻoe i nā inoa hāmeʻa a me ke ʻano o ka hāmeʻa Bluetooth.

E pili ana i ka helu MAC ʻāwili:

• Nā mea hōʻike kūʻokoʻa: Manaʻo ʻia nā helu MAC he mau mea hōʻike kūʻokoʻa no ka ʻenehana pūnaewele, akā aia kekahi mau manawa o ka overlap ma muli o nā hewa hana, spoofing, a i ʻole hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā helu wahi ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.
• Ka hopena i ka nānā ʻana i kahi: Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka ʻike wahi i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia, no ka mea, ʻike ʻia ka helu helu hoʻokahi ma nā wahi like ʻole.
• Nā ana pilikino: Ke hoʻohana nei kekahi mau mea hana i ka randomization address MAC no ka pale ʻana i ka nānā ʻana, hiki ke hana i nā overlaps i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā waihona e like me WiGLE, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hāmeʻa like me nā helu ʻokoʻa i ka manawa.

Hiki ke lilo ʻo WiGLE i mea hana pono no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka puʻunaue ʻana a me ka laulā o nā ʻupena uila, akā he mau palena ia, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka ʻikepili wahi a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka helu MAC.

Nā kuhikuhi

• Palapala Hoʻohana