Adiresi ya MAC (Media Access Control) ndi chizindikiritso chapadera chomwe chimaperekedwa kumakanema olumikizirana pagawo la netiweki yakuthupi. Maadiresi a MAC amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati adilesi yamaneti pamakina ambiri a IEEE 802, kuphatikiza Ethernet ndi Wi-Fi. Ndi nambala yozindikiritsa ya hardware yomwe imazindikiritsa chipangizo chilichonse pa netiweki.

Kusiyana pakati pa WiFi MAC Address ndi Bluetooth MAC Address:

1. Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito:
   • Adilesi ya WiFi MAC: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida kulumikiza netiweki ya Wi-Fi. Ndikofunikira pakuzindikiritsa zida pa LAN ndikuwongolera kulumikizana ndi kuwongolera.
   • Adilesi ya Bluetooth MAC: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zolumikizirana ndi Bluetooth, kuzindikira zida zomwe zili mkati mwa Bluetooth ndikuwongolera maulumikizidwe ndi kusamutsa deta.
2. Nambala Zoperekedwa:
   • Adilesi ya WiFi MAC: Ma adilesi a WiFi MAC nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ndi omwe amapanga network interface controller (NIC) ndipo amasungidwa mu hardware yake.
   • Adilesi ya Bluetooth MAC: Ma adilesi a Bluetooth MAC amaperekedwanso ndi wopanga zida koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi Bluetooth.
3. Mtundu:
   • Maadiresi onsewa amatsatira mtundu womwewo - magulu asanu ndi limodzi a manambala awiri a hexadecimal, olekanitsidwa ndi ma colon kapena ma hyphens (mwachitsanzo, 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E).
4. Miyezo ya Protocol:
   • Adilesi ya WiFi MAC: Imagwira ntchito pansi pa miyezo ya IEEE 802.11.
   • Adilesi ya Bluetooth MAC: Imagwira ntchito pansi pa muyezo wa Bluetooth, womwe ndi IEEE 802.15.1.
5. Kuchuluka kwa Kuyankhulana:
   • Adilesi ya WiFi MAC: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi netiweki, nthawi zambiri pamtunda wautali komanso pa intaneti.
   • Adilesi ya Bluetooth MAC: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankhulirana moyandikana, nthawi zambiri kulumikiza zida zanu kapena kupanga maukonde ang'onoang'ono.

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE): BLE, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Bluetooth Smart, ndi ukadaulo wapaintaneti wopanda zingwe wopangidwa ndikugulitsidwa ndi Bluetooth Special Interest Group yomwe cholinga chake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zatsopano pazaumoyo, kulimbitsa thupi, ma beacon, chitetezo, ndi zosangalatsa zapanyumba. BLE idapangidwa kuti ipereke mphamvu zochepetsera komanso mtengo wake ndikusunga njira yolumikizirana yofananira ndi Bluetooth yapamwamba.

Kusintha kwa Adilesi ya MAC: Kusintha kwa ma adilesi a MAC ndi njira yachinsinsi yomwe zida zam'manja zimasinthira ma adilesi awo a MAC pafupipafupi kapena nthawi iliyonse akalumikizana ndi netiweki ina. Izi zimalepheretsa kutsata kwa zida pogwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi awo a MAC pamanetiweki osiyanasiyana a Wi-Fi.

1. WiFi MAC Adilesi Mwachisawawa: Izi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zam'manja kuti apewe kutsatira ndikuwonetsa zochitika zapaintaneti za chipangizocho. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a MAC mosiyanasiyana, ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana.
2. Kusintha kwa Adilesi ya Bluetooth MAC: Bluetooth imathanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a MAC osasintha, makamaka mu BLE, kuteteza kutsata kwa chipangizocho pamene chikutsatsa kupezeka kwake pazida zina za Bluetooth.

Cholinga cha kusasinthika kwa ma adilesi a MAC ndikukulitsa zinsinsi za ogwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa adilesi ya MAC yokhazikika imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsata zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana nazo pamamanetiweki osiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi.

Poganizira zaukadaulo watsopano komanso malingaliro otsutsana, wina atha kunenanso kuti mtsogolomo, kusasinthika kwa ma adilesi a MAC kungasinthidwe kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zotsogola zopangira maadiresi akanthawi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zina zodzitchinjiriza zachinsinsi monga kubisa kwa netiweki kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi anthawi imodzi. kusintha kumeneko ndi paketi iliyonse yotumizidwa.

Kuyang'ana Adilesi ya MAC

Kuyang'ana Adilesi ya MAC

Adilesi ya MAC ili ndi magawo awiri akulu:

1. Chizindikiritso Chapadera cha bungwe (OUI): Ma byte atatu oyamba a adilesi ya MAC amadziwika kuti OUI kapena khodi ya ogulitsa. Uku ndi kutsatizana kwa zilembo zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) kwa opanga zida zokhudzana ndi netiweki. OUI ndi yapadera kwa wopanga aliyense ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati njira yowazindikiritsa padziko lonse lapansi.
2. Chizindikiritso cha Chipangizo: Ma byte atatu otsala a adilesi ya MAC amaperekedwa ndi wopanga ndipo ndi apadera pa chipangizo chilichonse. Gawoli nthawi zina limatchedwa gawo la NIC.

Mukayang'ana adilesi ya MAC, nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsa ntchito chida kapena ntchito yapaintaneti yomwe ili ndi nkhokwe ya ma OUI ndipo imadziwa opanga omwe amagwirizana nawo. Polowetsa adilesi ya MAC, ntchitoyi imatha kukuwuzani kuti ndi kampani iti yomwe idapanga zida.

Umu ndi momwe kuyang'ana kwa adilesi ya MAC kumagwirira ntchito:

1. Lowetsani adilesi ya MAC: Mumapereka adilesi yonse ya MAC ku ntchito yoyang'ana kapena chida.
2. Kuzindikiritsa kwa OUI: Ntchitoyi imazindikiritsa theka loyamba la adilesi ya MAC (OUI).
3. Kusaka Kwadongosolo: Chidachi chimasaka OUI iyi munkhokwe yake kuti ipeze wopanga yemwe akugwirizana nayo.
4. Zotulutsa: Ntchitoyi imatulutsa dzina la wopanga ndipo mwina zina monga malo, ngati zilipo.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale OUI ingakuuzeni wopanga, samakuuzani chilichonse chokhudza chipangizocho, monga mtundu kapena mtundu wake. Komanso, popeza wopanga atha kukhala ndi ma OUI angapo, kuyang'anako kumatha kubwezera angapo omwe angakhale nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, mautumiki ena atha kupereka zambiri poyang'ana ma adilesi a MAC ndi nkhokwe zina kuti adziwe ngati adilesiyo yawonedwa pamanetiweki kapena malo enaake.

Tsatirani Adilesi ya MAC

WiGLE (Wireless Geographic Logging Engine) ndi webTsamba lomwe lili ndi nkhokwe yamanetiweki opanda zingwe padziko lonse lapansi, okhala ndi zida zofufuzira ndi kusefa maukondewa. Kuti muwone komwe kuli adilesi ya MAC pogwiritsa ntchito WiGLE, mumatsatira izi:

1. Pezani WiGLE: Pitani ku WiGLE webwebusayiti ndikulowa. Ngati mulibe akaunti, muyenera kulembetsa.
2. Saka Adilesi ya MAC: Pitani ku ntchito yofufuzira ndikulowetsa adilesi ya MAC ya netiweki yopanda zingwe yomwe mukufuna. Adilesi iyi ya MAC iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi malo ena opanda zingwe.
3. Pendani Zotsatira zake: WiGLE iwonetsa maukonde aliwonse omwe akufanana ndi adilesi ya MAC yomwe mudalowetsa. Ikuwonetsani mapu a komwe maukondewa adalowetsedwa. Kulondola kwa data yamalo kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kangati komanso kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana omwe maukonde adalowetsedwa.

Pankhani ya kusiyana pakati pa kusaka kwa Bluetooth ndi WiFi pa WiGLE:

• Ma frequency Band: WiFi imagwira ntchito pama bandi a 2.4 GHz ndi 5 GHz, pomwe Bluetooth imagwira ntchito pagulu la 2.4 GHz koma ndi protocol yosiyana komanso yocheperako.
• Protocol Yopeza: Manetiweki a WiFi amadziwika ndi SSID (Service Set Identifier) ​​ndi adilesi ya MAC, pomwe zida za Bluetooth zimagwiritsa ntchito mayina ndi ma adilesi a chipangizocho.
• Kusaka kwamitundumitundu: Maukonde a WiFi amatha kuzindikirika pa mtunda wautali, nthawi zambiri mamita makumi, pomwe Bluetooth nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi 10 metres.
• Data Logged: Kusaka kwa WiFi kukupatsirani mayina a netiweki, ma protocol achitetezo, ndi mphamvu yama siginecha, pakati pazidziwitso zina. Kusaka kwa Bluetooth, komwe sikudziwika kwambiri pa WiGLE, kumangokupatsani mayina a zida ndi mtundu wa chipangizo cha Bluetooth.

Kuphatikizika kwa adilesi ya MAC:

• Zozindikiritsa Zapadera: Maadiresi a MAC akuyenera kukhala ozindikiritsa apadera a hardware ya netiweki, koma pali zochitika zomwe zimadutsana chifukwa cha zolakwika zopanga, kusokonekera, kapena kugwiritsanso ntchito ma adilesi pazosiyana.
• Impact pa Kutsata Malo: Kuphatikizika mu ma adilesi a MAC kungapangitse kuti chidziwitso cha malo olakwika chisalowe, chifukwa adilesi yomweyo imatha kuwoneka m'malo angapo, osagwirizana.
• Njira Zazinsinsi: Zipangizo zina zimagwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a MAC kuti aletse kutsatira, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti ziwonekere zikudutsana m'madatabase monga WiGLE, popeza chipangizo chomwecho chikhoza kulowetsedwa ndi ma adilesi osiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi.

WiGLE ikhoza kukhala chida chothandiza kumvetsetsa kugawidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma netiweki opanda zingwe, koma ili ndi malire, makamaka pakulondola kwa data yamalo komanso kuthekera kwa adilesi ya MAC.

Maumboni

• Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito