intel AN 769 FPGA Remote Temperature Sensing Diode User Guide

Makina owunikira kutentha a Intel® FPGA amakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito tchipisi ta gulu lachitatu kuyang'anira kutentha kwa mphambano (TJ). Dongosolo loyang'anira kutentha kwakunjali limagwira ntchito ngakhale Intel FPGA imatsitsidwa kapena osakonzedwa. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukamapanga mawonekedwe pakati pa chip chakunja ndi ma Intel FPGA akutali kutentha sensing diode (TSDs).
Mukasankha chipangizo chozindikira kutentha, nthawi zambiri mumawona kulondola kwa kutentha komwe mukufuna kukwaniritsa. Komabe, ndiukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe ena akutali a TSD, muyenera kuganiziranso zomwe zidapangidwa ndi chip yozindikira kutentha kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zamapangidwe anu.

Pomvetsetsa magwiridwe antchito a Intel FPGA yoyezera kutentha kwakutali, mutha:

Dziwani zinthu zomwe zimafala kwambiri pozindikira kutentha.
Sankhani chipangizo choyezera kutentha chomwe chimakwaniritsa zosowa zanu, mtengo wake, ndi nthawi yopangira.

Intel imalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti muyese kutentha kwa-kufa pogwiritsa ntchito ma TSD am'deralo, omwe Intel adatsimikizira. Intel sangathe kutsimikizira kulondola kwa masensa akunja a kutentha pansi pa machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma TSD akutali okhala ndi masensa akunja a kutentha, tsatirani malangizo omwe ali pachikalatachi ndikutsimikizira kulondola kwa kuyeza kwanu kutentha.

Cholemba ichi chikugwira ntchito pakukhazikitsa kwakutali kwa TSD kwa banja la chipangizo cha Intel Stratix® 10 FPGA.

Kukhazikitsa Kwathaview

Chip chowonera kutentha chakunja chimalumikizana ndi Intel FPGA yakutali TSD. TSD yakutali ndi PNP kapena NPN diode-yolumikizidwa transistor.

Chithunzi 1. Kulumikizana Pakati pa Temperature Sensing Chip ndi Intel FPGA Remote TSD (NPN Diode)

Chithunzi 2. Kulumikizana Pakati pa Temperature Sensing Chip ndi Intel FPGA Remote TSD (PNP Diode)

Equation yotsatirayi imapanga kutentha kwa transistor mogwirizana ndi base-emitter voltagndi (VBE).

Equation 1. Ubale Pakati pa Kutentha kwa Transistor kupita ku Base-Emitter Voltagndi (VBE)Kumene:
- T—Kutentha kwa Kelvin
- q - mphamvu ya elekitironi (1.60 × 10−19 C)
- VBE-base-emitter voltage
- k—Boltzmann mosasintha (1.38 × 10−23 J∙K−1)
- IC - wosonkhanitsa panopa
- IS—kubwerera mmbuyo
- η-chinthu choyenera cha diode yakutali
  Kukonzanso equation 1, mumapeza equation yotsatirayi.

Equation 2. VBE
Nthawi zambiri, chipangizo chozindikira kutentha chimakakamiza mafunde awiri otsatizana oyendetsedwa bwino, I1 ndi I2 pa P ndi N pini. Chip ndiye amayesa ndikusintha kusintha kwa VBE kwa diode. Delta mu VBE imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kutentha, monga zikuwonetsedwa mu Equation 3.
Equation 3. Delta mu VBEKumene:
- n-kukakamizidwa panopa chiŵerengero
- VBE1-base-emitter voltagku i1
- VBE2-base-emitter voltagku i2

Kuganizira Kukhazikitsa

Kusankha chip chozindikira kutentha chokhala ndi zinthu zoyenera kumakupatsani mwayi wowongolera chip kuti mukwaniritse kuyeza kwake. Ganizirani mitu yomwe ili muzambiri zofananira mukasankha chip.

Zambiri Zogwirizana

Ideality Factor (η-Factor) Mismatch
Series Resistance Error
Kutentha kwa Diode Beta Kusintha
Differential Input Capacitor
Malipiro a Offset

Ideality Factor (η-Factor) Mismatch

Mukapanga miyeso ya kutentha kwapakati pogwiritsa ntchito diode yakunja ya kutentha, kulondola kwa kuyeza kwa kutentha kumadalira makhalidwe a kunja kwa diode. Chomwe chimakhala choyenera ndi gawo la diode yakutali yomwe imayesa kupatuka kwa diode kuchokera kumayendedwe ake abwino.
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza chinthu choyenera mu pepala la data kuchokera kwa wopanga diode. Ma diode otentha akunja amakupatsirani zinthu zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ndi njira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.
Kusagwirizana koyenera kungayambitse vuto lalikulu la kuyeza kutentha. Kuti mupewe cholakwika chachikulu, Intel ikukulangizani kuti musankhe chipangizo chozindikira kutentha chomwe chimakhala ndi chinthu chosinthika. Mutha kusintha mtengo wa chinthu choyenera mu chip kuti muchotse cholakwikacho.

Example 1. Ideality Factor Contribution to Temperature Measurement Error

Ex iziample akuwonetsa momwe malingaliro abwino amathandizire ku cholakwika cha kuyeza kwa kutentha. Mu example, kuwerengetsa kukuwonetsa kusagwirizana komwe kumayambitsa vuto lalikulu la kuyeza kutentha.

Equation 4. Ideality Factor Ubale ndi Kutentha Koyezedwa

Kumene:

ηTSC-chinthu choyenera cha chipangizo chozindikira kutentha
TTSC - kutentha komwe kumawerengedwa ndi chipangizo chozindikira kutentha
ηRTD - chinthu choyenera cha diode yakutali kutentha
TRTD - kutentha kwakutali kutentha kwa diode

Masitepe otsatirawa akuyerekeza kuyeza kwa kutentha (TTSC) ndi chipangizo chozindikira kutentha, potengera izi:

Ideality factor of the temperature sensor (ηTSC) ndi 1.005
Ideality factor of the remote temperature diode (ηRTD) ndi 1.03
Kutentha kwenikweni kwa remote temperature diode (TRTD) ndi 80°C

Sinthani TRTD ya 80°C kukhala Kelvin: 80 + 273.15 = 353.15 K.
Ikani Equation 4. Kutentha kowerengedwa ndi chip sensor sensor ndi 1.005 × 353.15 = 344.57 K.TTSC = 1.03

Sinthani mtengo wowerengedwera kukhala Celsius: TTSC = 344.57 K - 273.15 K = 71.43°C Kulakwitsa kwa kutentha (TE) chifukwa cha kusagwirizana koyenera:
TE = 71.43°C – 80.0°C = –8.57°C

Series Resistance Error

Kukaniza kwa mndandanda pamapini a P ndi N kumathandizira kulakwitsa kwa kuyeza kwa kutentha.

Kukaniza kwa mndandanda kungakhale kuchokera:

Kukana kwamkati kwa P ndi N pini ya diode ya kutentha.
The board trace resistance, mwachitsanzoample, kutalika kwa board trace.

Kukaniza kwa mndandanda kumayambitsa ma voliyumu owonjezeratage kutsika panjira yozindikira kutentha ndipo kumabweretsa cholakwika muyeso, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwa kuyeza kwa kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika mukayesa kutentha ndi 2-current kutentha chip.

Chithunzi 3. Mkati ndi Pa-Bodi Series ResistanceKufotokozera cholakwika cha kutentha chomwe chimachitika pamene kukana kwa mndandanda kumawonjezeka, opanga ma chip ozindikira kutentha amapereka chidziwitso cha cholakwika chakutali cha kutentha kwa diode motsutsana ndi kukana.
Komabe, mutha kuchotsa cholakwika cha kukana kwa mndandanda. Chip china chozindikira kutentha chili ndi mawonekedwe oletsa kukana. Kuletsa kukana kwa mndandanda kumatha kuthetsa kukana kwa mndandanda kuchokera pa mazana angapo Ω mpaka kupitilira masauzande angapo Ω.
Intel ikukulimbikitsani kuti muganizire za kuletsa kukana kukana mukasankha chipangizo chozindikira kutentha. Mbaliyi imathetsa vuto la kutentha lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi kukana kwa njira yopita ku transistor yakutali.

Kutentha kwa Diode Beta Kusintha

Pamene matekinoloje a geometri akucheperachepera, mtengo wa Beta(β) wa PNP kapena NPN gawo lapansi umachepa.
Pamene kutentha kwa diode Beta kumatsika, makamaka ngati chotengera cha kutentha chimangiriridwa pansi, mtengo wa Beta umakhudza chiŵerengero chamakono pa Equation 3 patsamba 5. Choncho, kusunga chiŵerengero cholondola chamakono n'kofunika kwambiri.
Ziphuphu zina zozindikira kutentha zili ndi zolipira za Beta. Kusiyanasiyana kwa Beta kwa ma circuitry kumayang'ana maziko apano ndikusintha emitter yapano kuti ikwaniritse kusinthako. Malipiro a Beta amasunga chiŵerengero cha otolera.

Chithunzi 4. Intel Stratix 10 Core Fabric Temperature Diode yokhala ndi Maxim Integrated *'s MAX31730 Beta Compensation Yathandizidwa
Chiwerengerochi chikuwonetsa kuti kuyeza kwake kumakwaniritsidwa ndi chipukuta misozi cha Beta. Miyezo idatengedwa panthawi ya FPGA mphamvu pansi - kutentha komwe kumayikidwa ndi kuyeza kukuyembekezeka kuyandikira.

	0˚C	50˚C	100˚C
Malipiro a Beta Achotsedwa	25.0625˚C	70.1875˚C	116.5625˚C
Malipiro a Beta Atsegulidwa	-0.6875˚C	49.4375˚C	101.875˚C

Differential Input Capacitor

Capacitor (CF) pa P ndi N zikhomo zimakhala ngati fyuluta yotsika kwambiri yomwe imathandiza kusefa phokoso lafupipafupi ndikuwongolera kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic (EMI).
Muyenera kusamala pakusankha capacitor chifukwa mphamvu yayikulu imatha kukhudza nthawi yokwera ya gwero lomwe lasinthidwa ndikuyambitsa cholakwika chachikulu. Childs, kutentha kuzindikira Chip wopanga amapereka analimbikitsa capacitance mtengo mu deta pepala awo. Onaninso malangizo a wopanga capacitor kapena malingaliro musanasankhe mtengo wa capacitance.

Chithunzi 5. Kuthekera Kwazinthu Zosiyanasiyana

Malipiro a Offset

Zinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi zimatha kupangitsa vuto la kuyeza. Nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yolipira sikungathetse vutolo. Njira ina yothetsera vuto la muyeso ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito chipukuta misozi.

Zindikirani: Intel imalimbikitsa kuti mugwiritse ntchito chipangizo chozindikira kutentha chokhala ndi chipukuta misozi. Ngati chipangizo chozindikira kutentha sichikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwewo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chipukuta misozi panthawi yokonza positi pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro kapena mapulogalamu.
Malipiro a offset amasintha mtengo wa registry kuchokera pa chipangizo chozindikira kutentha kuti athetse cholakwika chowerengeka. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito izi, muyenera kupanga temperature profile phunzirani ndi kuzindikira mtengo wokwanira woti mugwiritse ntchito.

Muyenera kusonkhanitsa zoyezera kutentha pamlingo womwe mukufuna ndi makonda a chipangizo chozindikira kutentha. Pambuyo pake, fufuzani deta monga momwe zilili m'munsimuample kuti mudziwe mtengo wokwanira woti mugwiritse ntchito. Intel imalimbikitsa kuti muyese tchipisi tating'ono ta kutentha ndi ma diode angapo akutali kuti muwonetsetse kuti mumaphimba kusiyanasiyana kwapang'onopang'ono. Kenako, gwiritsani ntchito miyeso yapakati pakuwunika kuti muwone makonda oti mugwiritse ntchito.
Mukhoza kusankha mfundo za kutentha kuti muyese malinga ndi momwe dongosolo lanu limagwirira ntchito.

Equation 5. Offset Factor

Example 2. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malipiro a OffsetMu chitsanzo ichiample, miyeso ya kutentha inasonkhanitsidwa ndi mfundo zitatu za kutentha. Gwiritsani ntchito equation 5 pamtengowo ndikuwerengera zochotsera.

Table 1. Zomwe Zasonkhanitsidwa Musanagwiritse Ntchito Malipiro Ochotsera

Ikani Kutentha		Anayeza Kutentha
100°C	373.15 k	111.06°C	384.21 k
50°C	323.15 k	61.38°C	334.53 k
0°C	273.15 k	11.31°C	284.46 k

Gwiritsani ntchito malo apakati a kutentha kuti muwerengere kutentha kocheperako. Mu example, mfundo yapakati ndi 50°C seti kutentha.
Kusintha kutentha

= Offset factor × (Kuyezedwa kutentha-Set kutentha)
= 0.9975 × (334.53 − 323.15)
= 11.35

Ikani kutentha kwa kutentha ndi zinthu zina zolipirira, ngati kuli kofunikira, mu chipangizo chozindikira kutentha ndikuyesanso.

Table 2. Deta Yosonkhanitsidwa Mukamaliza Kulipira Malipiro a Offset

Ikani Kutentha	Anayeza Kutentha	Cholakwika
100°C	101.06°C	1.06°C
50°C	50.13°C	0.13°C
0°C	0.25°C	0.25°C

Zambiri Zogwirizana
Zotsatira Zowunika
Amapereka review za zotsatira zowunika za njira yolipirira chipukuta misozi ndi Maxim Integrated* ndi Texas Instruments* tchipisi ta kutentha.

Zotsatira Zowunika

Pakuwunikaku, zida zowunikira za Maxim Integrated*'s MAX31730 ndi Texas Instruments*'s TMP468 zidasinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kutentha kwakutali kwa midadada ingapo mu Intel FPGA.

Table 3. Ma Blocks Oyesedwa ndi Ma Models a Board

Block	Temperature Sensing Chip Evaluation Board
Block	Texas Instruments 'TMP468	Maximum Integrate d's MAX31730
Intel Stratix 10 pachimake nsalu	Inde	Inde
H-tile kapena L-tile	Inde	Inde
E-tile	Inde	Inde
P-tile	Inde	Inde

Ziwerengero zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa board ya Intel FPGA yokhala ndi ma board oyesa a Maxim Integrated ndi Texas Instruments.

Chithunzi 6. Konzani ndi Maxim Integrate d's MAX31730 Evaluation Board

Chithunzi 7. Konzani ndi Texas Instruments 'TMP468 Evaluation Board

Mphamvu yotentha - kapena mwina, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chipinda cha kutentha - chophimbidwa ndikusindikiza FPGA ndikukakamiza kutentha malinga ndi kutentha komwe kwayikidwa.
Pakuyesa uku, FPGA idakhalabe yopanda mphamvu kuti ipewe kutentha.
Nthawi yonyowa pagawo lililonse loyesa kutentha inali mphindi 30.
Zokonda pa zida zowunikira zidagwiritsa ntchito zokonda za opanga.
Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa, masitepe mu Offset Compensation patsamba 10 adatsatiridwa kuti asonkhanitse ndi kusanthula deta.

Kuunikira ndi Maxim Integrated's MAX31730 Temperature Sensing Chip Evaluation Board

Kuwunikaku kunachitika ndi njira zokhazikitsira monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu Offset Compensation.
Deta inasonkhanitsidwa isanayambe komanso itatha kugwiritsa ntchito chipukuta misozi. Kutentha kosiyana kosiyana kunagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zosiyanasiyana za Intel FPGA chifukwa mtengo umodzi wosiyana sungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazitsulo zonse. Ziwerengero zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa zotsatira.

Chithunzi 8. Deta ya Intel Stratix 10 Core Fabric

Chithunzi 9. Deta ya Intel FPGA H-Tile ndi L-Tile

Chithunzi 10. Deta ya Intel FPGA E-Tile

Chithunzi 11. Deta ya Intel FPGA P-Tile

Kuunikira ndi Texas Instruments's TMP468 Temperature Sensing Chip Evaluation Board

Chithunzi 12. Deta ya Intel Stratix 10 Core Fabric

Chithunzi 13. Deta ya Intel FPGA H-Tile ndi L-Tile

Chithunzi 14. Deta ya Intel FPGA E-Tile

Chithunzi 15. Deta ya Intel FPGA P-Tile

Mapeto

Pali opanga chip ambiri osiyanasiyana ozindikira kutentha. Posankha chigawocho, Intel imalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti musankhe chipangizo chodziwitsa kutentha ndi mfundo zotsatirazi.

Sankhani chip chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe osinthika.
Sankhani chip chomwe chili ndi mndandanda wazoletsa.
Sankhani chipangizo chomwe chimathandizira kubweza kwa Beta.
Sankhani ma capacitor omwe akugwirizana ndi zomwe wopanga tchipisi angakonde.
Gwiritsani ntchito chipukuta misozi chilichonse choyenera mukamaliza kuyesa kutenthafile kuphunzira.

Kutengera kaganizidwe kakugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi zotsatira zake, muyenera kuwongolera chipangizo chozindikira kutentha mu kapangidwe kanu kuti mukwaniritse kuyeza kwake.

Mbiri Yokonzanso Zolemba za AN 769: Intel FPGA Remote Temperature Sensing Diode Implementation Guide

Document Version	Zosintha
2022.04.06	Anakonza mawerengedwe a kutentha kwa chip pamutu wokhuza kusagwirizana kwa chinthu choyenera. Anakonza kuwerengetsera kutentha kwachitsanzoample pamutu wokhudza chipukuta misozi.
2021.02.09	Kutulutsidwa koyamba.

Malingaliro a kampani Intel Corporation Maumwini onse ndi otetezedwa. Intel, logo ya Intel, ndi zizindikiro zina za Intel ndi zizindikiro za Intel Corporation kapena mabungwe ake. Intel imatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa FPGA yake ndi zida za semiconductor malinga ndi zomwe zili pano malinga ndi chitsimikizo cha Intel, koma ili ndi ufulu wosintha zinthu ndi ntchito zilizonse nthawi iliyonse popanda kuzindikira. Intel sakhala ndi udindo kapena udindo chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zilizonse, malonda, kapena ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa pano kupatula monga momwe Intel adavomerezera momveka bwino. Makasitomala a Intel amalangizidwa kuti apeze mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wamakina a chipangizocho asanadalire zidziwitso zilizonse zosindikizidwa komanso asanayike maoda azinthu kapena ntchito.
*Mayina ena ndi mtundu zitha kunenedwa kuti ndi za ena.

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intel AN 769 FPGA Remote Temperature Sensing Diode

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