Victron Energy Van Power System Wiring Diagram
This document outlines the wiring configuration for a comprehensive Victron Energy power system designed for a van. It details the interconnection of various components to create a robust and efficient energy solution.
System Overview
The system integrates multiple Victron Energy products for solar charging, battery management, power conversion, and DC-DC charging. Key components include:
- Victron Energy VE.Bus BMS: Manages the lithium battery system.
- Victron Energy Cerbo GX: Central monitoring and control unit.
- Victron Energy GX Touch 50: Touchscreen display for the Cerbo GX.
- Victron Energy SmartShunt: Battery monitor.
- Victron Energy Smart BatteryProtect 65 & 100: Protects batteries from over-discharge.
- Victron Energy SmartSolar MPPT 100/50: Solar charge controller.
- Victron Energy MultiPlus 12/3000/120-50 120V: Inverter/charger.
- Victron Energy Orion-Tr Smart 12/12-30: Isolated DC/DC chargers (two units).
- Lithium Batteries: Two 12.8V-200Ah Smart LiFePO4 batteries.
- Starter Battery: 12V starter battery.
- Alternator: Connected to the starter battery for charging.
DC Distribution and Battery Management
The system utilizes a Lynx DC Distributor with a positive busbar and a small negative busbar. The main switch controls the primary DC power flow. The two 12.8V-200Ah Lithium Smart LiFePO4 batteries are connected in parallel to the main DC distribution. The VE.Bus BMS is crucial for managing the lithium batteries, with its BMS GND not connected to the system ground to prevent ground loops, relying on the VE.Bus UTP cable for ground connection.
Important Information regarding battery connections:
- Keep negative battery cables as short as possible and all at the same length.
- Keep positive battery cables as short as possible and all at the same length.
The Smart Battery Protect units are programmed for Li-Ion mode and 12 Volt via the device or a Bluetooth-enabled smartphone/tablet.
Solar Charging
A PV Breaker/Isolator connects the Solar Array to the SmartSolar MPPT 100/50 charge controller. The MPPT controller's VE.Direct port is connected to the Cerbo GX.
AC Power and Inverter/Charger
The MultiPlus 12/3000/120-50 AC Inverter/Charger is the core of the AC power system. It connects to the DC system via heavy-duty cables (recommended 4x 50SQmm for 0-5m, 4x 70SQmm for 5-10m, with a 400A fuse). The MultiPlus has two AC outputs: AC Out-1 and AC Out-2.
AC Input: The AC input must be protected by a circuit breaker rated at 50A max, adjusted according to the connected power source. An isolation transformer or galvanic isolator may be inserted if needed.
AC Output 1: Supports PowerAssist, with a maximum sum of input and output current of 75A (50A input + 25A assist). An Earth leakage device with breaker or MCB/RCD is required. Cable size must be adjusted accordingly.
AC Output 2: Available only when AC IN power is present; disconnected during battery operation. Supports up to 25A. An Earth leakage device with breaker or MCB/RCD is required. Cable size must be adjusted accordingly.
Grounding: In inverter mode, the Neutral output of the inverter/charger must be connected to ground for GFCI/RCD functionality. The primary case ground connection of the MultiPlus must be connected to the central negative busbar of the DC system with a cable of identical size to the DC negative.
Warning: 120 Volt AC is extremely hazardous. Do not touch any live wired parts. Consult a Victron dealer if in doubt.
DC-DC Charging and Alternator Integration
Two Orion-Tr Smart 12/12-30 isolated DC/DC chargers are used. They connect to the starter battery and the DC system. The diagram shows their inputs connected to the starter battery and outputs to the DC system, with remote connections to the Cerbo GX.
The alternator is connected to the starter battery and includes an internal fuse and a starter motor connection.
Monitoring and Control
The Cerbo GX acts as the central hub, receiving data from the SmartShunt, MPPT, VE.Bus BMS, and Orion-Tr Smart units via VE.Direct and VE.Bus connections. The GX Touch 50 provides a user interface for monitoring and control.
Important Operational Notes
- Parking for longer periods: Switch the MultiPlus to charger-only mode to prevent battery drain when no AC input is available. Solar panels will maintain batteries if un-shaded.
- Winterizing: Fully charge batteries before hibernation. Switch off the main switch. Periodically check battery capacity and prevent freezing.
- Firmware v489+ for MultiPlus: Systems with Victron Lithium Smart batteries and VE.Bus BMS are simplified. VictronConnect handles configuration, and firmware autodetects the VE.Bus BMS, eliminating the need for VEConfigure or Assistants.
- Inverter mode grounding: Ensure Neutral output is grounded for GFCI/RCD compatibility.
AC Distribution
The AC Out-1 and AC Out-2 from the MultiPlus feed into an AC distribution panel, providing power to various loads, including switched and non-break loads.
Component Details
- VE.Bus BMS: Model R-05 4003.
- MultiPlus: 12/3000/120-50 AC Inverter/Charger.
- SmartSolar MPPT: MPPT 100/50.
- Orion-Tr Smart: 12/12-30 isolated DC/DC charger.
- Lithium Batteries: 2 x 12.8V-200Ah Smart LiFePO4.
Important Information & Warnings
- Pre-Alarm Buzzer: Connected to the system for alerts.
- AC Out-1/AC Out-2 Cable/Breaker Size: Recommendations provided for MultiPlus outputs.
- AC IN Cable/Breaker Size: Recommendations provided for MultiPlus input.
- DC Cable/Fuse Size: Recommendations provided for MultiPlus DC connections.
- Warning: High voltage AC is hazardous. Consult a professional if unsure.
