Victron Energy System Schematic and Component Guide

Detailed overview of a Victron Energy power system, illustrating the interconnection of DC and AC power sources, charging systems, monitoring, and control components.

System Overview

This document outlines a comprehensive Victron Energy power system, designed for applications requiring robust DC and AC power management. The system integrates multiple Victron components for charging, power conversion, monitoring, and control.

DC Power Sources

The primary DC power is supplied by:

Lithium Batteries: Two 12.8V-200Ah Smart LiFePO4 batteries.
Starter Battery: One 12V-125Ah battery, typically for engine starting.
Solar Array: Connected via a Smart MPPT 100/50 charge controller.
Alternator: From the engine, providing charging via the alternator's [Alternator D+] terminal.

DC Distribution and Protection

Power from the DC sources is managed through a central distribution system:

Positive Busbar: Collects positive connections from batteries, MPPT, and other DC sources.
Central Negative Busbar: Collects negative connections, including the primary case ground from the MultiPlus.
Main Fuses: ANL and MEGA fuses (e.g., 200A, 150A, 300A, 400A) protect major circuits.
Smart BatteryProtect (SBP): Two units (SBP 220-1, SBP 220-2) are used for load and charge disconnect, programmable for Li-Ion mode. They connect to the VE.Bus BMS Load & Charge disconnect outputs via their Remote H terminals.
Main Switches: Main Switch-1, Main Switch-2, and Main Switch-3 are incorporated for system isolation.
DC Loads: Various loads (Load 1-5), MPPT, and Orion DC-DC chargers are connected via the positive busbar and protected by circuit breakers (e.g., 60A thermal circuit breakers).

Notes on DC Cabling:

Keep positive battery cables as short as possible and all at the same length.
Keep negative battery cables as short as possible and all at the same length.
The BMV shunt can be upgraded from 500A to 1000A and is mounted directly onto both busbars.

Charging and Power Conversion

The system utilizes several Victron devices for charging and power conversion:

MultiPlus 12/3000/120: A 3000W, 12V inverter/charger with PowerAssist, capable of parallel and three-phase configurations. It provides AC output and charges batteries from AC sources. Its primary case ground connects to the central negative busbar.
Smart MPPT 100/50: A solar charge controller that efficiently converts solar array power to battery charging voltage.
Orion-Tr Smart 12/12-30 DC-DC Chargers (x2): Non-isolated DC-DC converters that charge a 12V battery bank from a 12V source (e.g., starter battery or alternator), featuring 360W (30A) output. Configuration options are available in the Orion-Tr manual.
Blue Smart Charger 12V-5A: A charger dedicated to maintaining the starter battery.

Monitoring and Control

System status and management are handled by:

VE.Bus BMS: Manages lithium battery charging and protection, with Load & Charge disconnect outputs. It communicates via a UTP cable, with ground provided through this connection to prevent ground loops.
Cerbo GX: The central communication hub, connecting various Victron devices. It receives data from the VE.Bus BMS and BMV-712 Smart.
GX Touch 50: A touchscreen display for monitoring and controlling the system via the Cerbo GX.
BMV-712 Smart: A high-precision battery monitor that tracks voltage, current, power, state of charge, and other battery parameters. It connects to the Cerbo GX via VE.Direct.

AC System

The AC side of the system includes:

Shore Power Connection: 120V/60Hz AC input, protected by main incoming AC breakers (e.g., 50A). An isolation transformer or galvanic isolator is recommended if needed.
Generator Power: A 4KW 120V/60Hz AC generator input is also shown.
MultiPlus AC Outputs:
- AC OUT-1: Provides continuous power, supports PowerAssist, and is available during battery operation. Recommended cable/breaker size depends on load. Requires an Earth leakage device with breaker or a combination MCB/RCD.
- AC OUT-2: Available only when AC IN power is present. During battery operation, it will be disconnected. AC OUT-2 supports up to 25A. Requires an Earth leakage device with breaker or a combination MCB/RCD.
AC Distribution: MCBs (e.g., Hager) distribute power from AC OUT-1 and AC OUT-2 to various loads, including 120V Switched loads and 120V No Break loads.

Important Information on AC Operation:

ℹ️ When operating in inverter mode, the Neutral output of an inverter/charger must be connected to ground to guarantee proper functioning of a GFCI or RCD device. In case of a split phase supply, the Neutral also must be grounded.
ℹ️ The primary Case ground connection from an inverter charger like a Multi or a Quattro must be connected to the Central Negative Busbar of the DC system. Size of this cable must be identical to the connected DC negative.
ℹ️ With PowerAssist, the MultiPlus can add 3KW to the output load when needed. Together with the adjustable 50A input, this all adds up to the max sum of input and output current of 50A+25A=75A. An Earth leakage device with breaker or a combination MCB/RCD must be installed on the output. Cable size must be adjusted accordingly.
ℹ️ AC Out-2 only is available when power is present on AC IN. During battery operation, it will be disconnected. AC Out-2 supports up to 25A. An Earth leakage device with breaker or a combination MCB/RCD must be installed on the output. Cable size must be adjusted accordingly.
ℹ️ Recommended DC cable/fuse size for MultiPlus: 0-5 m cable length: 4 x 50SQmm, 5-10 m cable length: 4 x 70SQmm. When used in closed conduits, cable size should double. Cable length stands for the distance between the battery and the MultiPlus connections. Recommendations are without other loads in the system, and these also should be taken into account for proper main battery, main fuse & main switch cables. Fuse size should be 400A.
ℹ️ Recommended AC IN cable/breaker size for MultiPlus: AC IN must be protected by a circuit breaker rated at 50A max or less. This depends heavily on the size of the connected power source. The input current must be adjusted to fit the size of the connected power source. The breaker and cable size for AC IN should be adjusted accordingly.

Warnings

⚠️ WARNING: 120 VOLT AC IS EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS !!! DO NOT TOUCH ANY LIVE WIRED PARTS OF THE INSTALLATION !!! WHEN IN DOUBT, ALWAYS CONSULT YOUR VICTRON DEALER !!!

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