Victron Energy Power System Wiring Diagram

This document details a comprehensive DC power system configuration utilizing Victron Energy components, designed for efficient energy management in various applications such as recreational vehicles, boats, or off-grid installations. It illustrates the interconnection of batteries, charging sources, inverters, and monitoring equipment.

Battery Banks

The system features two distinct battery banks:

Starter Battery

A 12V, 100Ah starter battery is dedicated to engine starting. It is protected by Main Switch 2 and a 100mA fuse (BMV-B2/100mA FUSE). This battery is charged by the vehicle's alternator and can also receive charge from the main system.

Service Batteries

Two 12V, 125Ah AGM Super Cycle batteries form the primary service battery bank. These batteries supply power to the inverter and various DC loads. They are connected to a central negative busbar and the main DC distribution panel.

Charging Systems

Multiple sources are integrated to charge the battery banks:

Alternator Charging

An internal 12V, 70A alternator, activated via the "IGNITION" signal and connected to the starter battery's positive terminal (30), charges the starter battery. This charging current is managed through the main DC distribution for the engine system.

Solar Charging (MPPT)

A Victron Energy SmartSolar MPPT 100|30 charge controller efficiently converts power from a PV ARRAY. The PV ARRAY is connected through a PV BREAKER ISOLATOR to the MPPT controller. The controller is then connected to the service battery bank, passing through the ArgoFET Battery Isolator.

Shore Power / AC Charging

A Victron Energy IP43 Smart Charger (12V-50A, 1+1 Output) provides charging from an AC shore power source. It connects to the AC DISTRIBUTION panel and the service battery bank. It also includes a "Charger Start Batt" connection, likely for managing the starter battery's charge state.

ArgoFET Battery Isolator

The ArgoFET Battery Isolator (100A, 3 Output) serves to prevent the starter battery from being drained by the service loads or inverter. It allows the alternator to charge both battery banks. It has designated outputs for the starter battery, service batteries (Output-1, Output-2), and the IP43 Smart Charger.

Power Output & Monitoring

The system provides AC power and detailed monitoring:

Inverter

A Victron Energy Inverter (12V-375W, Pure Sinewave) converts the DC power from the service batteries into usable AC power. This AC output is routed to the AC DISTRIBUTION panel.

Battery Monitoring

The Victron Energy BMV-712 Smart Battery Monitor is crucial for system management. It connects to the central negative busbar via a shunt to measure current and voltage, providing real-time data on battery status, state of charge, and power consumption. It draws power from the starter battery.

Smart Battery Sense

A Victron Energy Smart Battery Sense unit is attached to the service batteries. It wirelessly transmits battery voltage and temperature data via Bluetooth to the MPPT charge controller and other compatible Victron devices, enabling more accurate charging algorithms.

AC Distribution

The AC Distribution panel acts as the central hub for AC power. It receives input from the inverter and AC shore power. Protected by MCB/RCD breakers, it distributes AC power to various loads. An earth fault indicator is included for safety.

System Protection & Control

Robust protection and control mechanisms are implemented:

Main DC Distribution

This panel houses primary DC circuit protection, including a 200A PRE-MAIN-FUSE, and several MEGA fuses (100A, 60A, 60-80A) and breakers. These protect circuits feeding the load/breaker panel, service batteries, MPPT, IP43 Smart Charger, and inverter.

Main Switches

Main Switch 1 controls the primary DC power flow from the service batteries to the main DC distribution. Main Switch 2 is used to isolate the starter battery from the system.

Fuses and Breakers

Additional fuses are used for specific components: a 100mA fuse for the BMV, a 5A fuse for the ArgoFET, and a 3A fuse for the Charger Starter Battery connection. The AC Distribution panel utilizes MCB/RCD breakers for AC circuit protection.

Important Notes & Warnings

Recommendations

DC Cable/Fuse Size Recommendations:

IP43 Smart Charger (50A): For cable lengths of 0-4 meters, use 16 sq mm cable. The fuse size should be 60-80A maximum. The maximum cable size that can be connected is 16 sq mm.
Inverter (375W): For cable lengths of 0-1.5 meters, use 6 sq mm cable. For 1.5-3 meters, use 10 sq mm cable. An external fuse size of 40-50A maximum is recommended.
AC Shore Power IN: This input must be protected by an MCB/RCD circuit breaker rated at 16A maximum, or lower depending on connected loads.
AC Inverter OUT: This output must be protected by an MCB/RCD circuit breaker combination sized appropriately for the inverter. Cable sizes should be adjusted accordingly.

An Isolation Transformer or Galvanic Isolator should be inserted in the AC input line if required, along with necessary breakers.

Warning

230 VOLT IS EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS. DO NOT TOUCH ANY LIVE WIRED PARTS OF THE INSTALLATION! WHEN IN DOUBT, ALWAYS CONSULT YOUR VICTRON DEALER!

VE.Smart Network

Victron devices with Bluetooth capability can be configured and networked using the VictronConnect App. For assistance, consult a Victron dealer.

Diagram Reference: BJE-271A

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