Victron Energy 12V DC System Wiring Diagram

This document outlines a typical 12V DC electrical system configuration using Victron Energy components, designed for efficient power management, charging, and utilization.

Starter Battery System

This section details the components related to the vehicle's starter battery and its charging via the alternator, as well as the connection point for the DC-DC charger.

Starter Battery

A 12V-100Ah Starter Battery serves as the primary power source for engine starting.

Alternator Charging

A 12V-70A Alternator charges the starter battery. It connects via the D+ terminal for excitation and the B+ terminal for main charging.

DC-DC Charging Input

The Orion XS 12/12-50A DC-DC battery charger connects to the starter battery system to charge the service battery bank. It features an H-contact for remote control, allowing it to be switched on/off based on engine status or other signals.

Service Battery Bank & Management

This section describes the main energy storage and management for auxiliary loads.

Service Batteries

Two Victron Energy Lithium NG-LiFePO4 12.8V-150Ah batteries are connected in parallel to form the main service battery bank, providing a total capacity of 300Ah.

Battery Management System (BMS)

A smallBMS-NG manages the Lithium battery bank, providing protection and control. It includes terminals for load disconnect, charge disconnect, alarm, and status indication. The BMS requires specific programming for Li-Ion mode.

Power Distribution

Positive and negative busbars facilitate the distribution of power to various loads and charging devices. Protection is provided by various fuses (e.g., 5x20mm, MEGA 150A, Class-T 175A) and circuit breakers.

Charging Control

The Cyrix Li Charge 230 is used to intelligently connect the alternator to the service battery bank, ensuring optimal charging without overcharging the starter battery.

Load Disconnect

The Smart BatteryProtect 220 (SBP220) is a programmable DC breaker that protects batteries from deep discharge by disconnecting loads when voltage drops too low.

Charging Systems

Details on how the service battery bank is replenished from different sources.

Solar Charging

A Victron Energy SmartSolar charge controller MPPT 100/50 is connected to a PV Array via a PV Breaker/Isolator. This maximizes energy harvest from solar panels.

DC-DC Charging

The Orion XS 12/12-50A DC-DC battery charger transfers power from the starter battery to the service battery bank, useful when solar or AC charging is unavailable.

AC Charging

Two Victron Energy chargers are available for AC power input:

IP43 Smart Charger 12V-50A 1+1 OUTPUT: A robust charger for shore power or generator input.
Blue Smart Charger 12V-5A: A compact, waterproof charger suitable for maintenance or smaller loads.

These chargers connect to the AC Distribution system, which includes MCB/RCD protection for shore power input and inverter output.

Inverter and AC Output

Conversion of DC power to AC power for household appliances.

Inverter

A Victron Energy Inverter 12V-800W provides pure sine wave AC power. It is connected to the service battery bank and supplies the AC loads via the AC distribution panel.

VE.Smart Network

A VE.Direct Bluetooth dongle can be connected to the inverter (and other compatible Victron devices) to enable configuration and monitoring via the VictronConnect App.

Battery Monitoring

Real-time monitoring of battery status.

BMV-712 SMART

The BMV-712 SMART Battery Monitor provides detailed information on battery voltage, current, state of charge, and remaining time. It connects to the negative busbar via a shunt.

Safety and Recommendations

Important notes on installation and safety.

Key Safety Notes

230V Warning: 230 Volt is extremely hazardous. Do not touch any live wired parts of the installation.
Consult your Victron dealer if in doubt.
Test MCB/RCD breakers regularly.
An Isolation Transformer or Galvanic Isolator may be needed for shore power connections.

Cable and Fuse Sizing Recommendations

Component	Cable Length	Recommended Cable Size	Recommended Fuse Size
IP43 Smart Charger (50A)	0-4 m	16 SQmm	60-80A max
Inverter 800W	0-1.5 m	16 SQmm	125-150A max
Inverter 800W	1.5-3 m	25 SQmm	125-150A max

AC Cable and Breaker Sizes

AC Shore power IN should be protected by an MCB/RCD circuit breaker rated at 16A max. AC Inverter OUT should be protected by an MCB/RCD circuit breaker combination rated for the inverter's output.

Battery Cable Length

Keep positive and negative battery cables for the service batteries and the inverter at the same length to ensure balanced performance.

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