FMD and LSD Vaccine Support and Implementation Program

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Product Information

Specifications

• Brand: LiveCorp
• Type: Livestock Export Industry FMD & LSD Vaccine Support
  Program
• Funding: Not-for-profit industry body funded through statutory
  levies
• Focus: Livestock export industry improvement in animal health
  and welfare, supply chain efficiency, and market access

Product Usage Instructions

1. About LiveCorp

The Australian Livestock Export Corporation Limited (LiveCorp)
is a not-for-profit industry body focused on improving performance
in the livestock export industry.

2. Introduction

2.1 Foot and Mouth Disease and Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreaks in
Indonesia

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) and foot and mouth disease (FMD)
outbreaks impacted the Indonesian livestock industries.

2.2 Livestock Export Industry FMD and LSD Vaccine Support
Program Grant

The grant program aimed to increase effective LSD and FMD
vaccination in Indonesia to support livestock industries.

2.3 Stakeholder Engagement

LiveCorp engaged with various stakeholders to promote and guide
the project activities.

FAQ

Q: What were the planned outcomes of the grant program?

A: The planned outcomes were to increase effective LSD and FMD
vaccination rates in Indonesia in collaboration with partners.

Q: When were the grant activities delivered?

A: The grant activities took place from December 2022 to June
2024.

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Livestock Export Industry FMD & LSD Vaccine Support and Implementation Program Grant final report
Australian Livestock Export Corporation Ltd (LiveCorp) PO Box 1174
North Sydney NSW 2059
December 2024

Contents
1. About LiveCorp ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 2. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 2.1. Foot and mouth disease and lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Indonesia……………………………… 2 2.2. The livestock export industry FMD and LSD vaccine support and implementation program grant
3 2.3. Stakeholder engagement…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 2.4. Program management ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 3. FMD and LSD vaccination reimbursement program …………………………………………………………. 5 3.1 Program overview ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 3.2 Application management and assessment process…………………………………………………………….. 6 3.4 Final vaccination outcomes from reimbursement program …………………………………………………. 7
3.4.1 Application and claims submitted…………………………………………………………………………………………7 3.4.2 Vaccination rates delivered …………………………………………………………………………………………………….7
8 4. Strengthening Smallholder Farmer Resilience Against the Threat of LSD ……………………………… 8 4.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 4.2. Rapid assessment ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 4.3. Details of training and capacity building activities delivered………………………………………………. 9
4.3.1 Socialisation activities ­ gaining government support……………………………………………………9 4.3.2 Awareness and vaccination campaigns…………………………………………………………………………….10 4.3.3 Refresher training courses for provincial/district personnel ……………………………………12 4.3.4 Communication and educational materials developed and distributed …………………13 4.3.5 The number of livestock in each area that the project conducted activities ……………….16 4.3.6 Small-scale infrastructure purchased to improve biosecurity …………………………………..17 5. Development of Biosecurity Training …………………………………………………………………………… 18 6. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19 7. Material Inventory List………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
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1. About LiveCorp
The Australian Livestock Export Corporation Limited (LiveCorp) is a not-for-profit industry body, funded through statutory levies collected on the live export of sheep, goats, beef cattle and dairy cattle. LiveCorp is one of the 15 Australian rural Research and Development Corporations (RDCs).
LiveCorp is the only RDC focused solely on the livestock export industry and works to continuously improve performance in animal health and welfare, supply chain efficiency and market access. LiveCorp delivers this by investing in research, development and extension (RD&E) and providing technical and marketing services and support to enhance the productivity, sustainability and competitiveness of the livestock export industry.
LiveCorp works across several program areas, often in close consultation with other industry stakeholders, including the Australian Government, but does not engage in agri-political activity.
LiveCorp would like to thank the Australian Government for providing the funding for this grant as part of its efforts to assist Indonesia and bolster Australia’s biosecurity preparedness. LiveCorp would also like to acknowledge the partnerships, contributions and support provided by the Indonesian Society of Animal Science (ISAS/ISPI), Indonesian Beef Cattle Businessmen’s Association (GAPUSPINDO), Forum Animal Welfare Officers (AWO), Australian exporters, Indonesian importers, Indonesian Government agencies, and members of the joint LiveCorp/Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA) Livestock Export Program (LEP) that all played an important part in the success and impact of this program.
2. Introduction
2.1. Foot and mouth disease and lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Indonesia
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) was detected in Indonesia in March 2022, having significant impacts on the Indonesian livestock industries and the national supply, accessibility and affordability of animal protein. The impact of the LSD outbreak was compounded by an outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in May 2022.
LSD is a transboundary bovine disease that has spread rapidly across the world, and more recently Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. It is classified as a notifiable disease by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) due to its clinical and economic importance. It is highly pathogenic and is difficult to eradicate without vaccination. LSD is characterised by the appearance of skin nodules and impacts heavily on cattle production, milk yields, animal body condition, fertility and quality of hides. However, while long term morbidity rates are high, between 10-45%, mortality rates are low, between 1-5%.
FMD is a serious and highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, sheep, goats, camelids, deer and pigs. FMD virus is carried by live animals and in meat and dairy products, as well as in soil, bones, untreated hides, vehicles and equipment used with susceptible animals. It can also be carried on people’s clothing and footwear and survive in frozen, chilled and freeze-dried foods. The disease can have significant impacts on the productivity, health and welfare of livestock, and has the potential to spread very quickly if not controlled effectively. For FMD, morbidity can reach 100% in susceptible populations, while mortality is generally low at 1-5% in adult animals.
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In response to the LSD and FMD incursions, the Indonesian Government implemented a range of measures to reduce and control the spread of the diseases, with a primary focus on FMD. Indonesian authorities launched vaccination campaigns targeting affected and at-risk animals, enhanced surveillance and reporting systems, and imposed quarantine and movement restrictions in outbreak zones. Additionally, the government worked to increase public awareness and provide support to farmers to mitigate the impact on their livelihoods. These coordinated efforts aimed to control the outbreaks, prevent further spread and stabilise the livestock industry. Businesses such as feedlots typically had adequate resources and knowledge to procure vaccines and strengthen biosecurity measures in their supply chains. However, smallholder farmers whose financial capacity and accessibility to LSD and FMD prevention resources were very limited, posed a notable risk to the national disease management efforts. Many lot feeders and importers reached out to smallholders in their surrounding communities to provide assistance.
Furthermore, due to the significant clinical and economic impacts of the FMD and LSD outbreaks on the Indonesian cattle industry, Australian cattle export volumes substantially reduced while importers attempted to source vaccines (particularly for FMD) and implement biosecurity practices in their supply chains. Importers were also hesitant to bring in more cattle in the early stages, given high livestock prices in Australia and initial uncertainty around the availability of vaccines. The disease outbreaks had a significant impact on Indonesia’s food security, accessibility and affordability.
2.2. The livestock export industry FMD and LSD vaccine support and implementation program grant
In response to the LSD and FMD outbreaks in Indonesia, LiveCorp put forward a proposal to the Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF or department) in late 2022 and received a $1.22 million grant. The grant aimed to increase livestock vaccination rates in Indonesia, further reduce the disease risk to imported Australian cattle, and support the Indonesian cattle industry’s efforts to control the diseases and provide assistance to their surrounding communities. LiveCorp received the grant as part of a $14 million Australian Government biosecurity package aimed to Manage the immediate risk of foot and mouth disease and lumpy skin disease to Australia.
The grant provided funding for the Australian livestock export industry to leverage its long-term relationships with Indonesian trading partners to support the emergency disease response and management efforts in Indonesia; in particular the uptake and access of LSD and FMD vaccines. Activities under the grant included a feedlot/importer partial reimbursement vaccine program, support for the coordination and logistics of getting vaccines into communities surrounding feedlots holding Australian cattle, smallholder farmer capacity building and outreach activities, local government agency training, biosecurity training for feedlot and abattoir workers, and engagement with the Indonesian Government.
The objective of the grant program was to increase effective LSD and FMD vaccination on the ground in Indonesia in order to contribute towards:
· lowering risks for Australia from an FMD or LSD incursion · improved business confidence for trade in cattle between Australia and Indonesia · supporting the food security of Indonesian communities by working with our trading
partners.
The planned outcomes of the grant were:
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· Reduction of possible FMD impacts on communities surrounding feedlots/facilities where Australian-bred livestock are held in Indonesia.
· Reduction of possible transmission in areas around feedlots/facilities where Australian-bred livestock are held ­ reducing the infection risk in those feedlots/facilities
· Greater uptake of LSD vaccination · Increased confidence to continue trade · Protection of the health and welfare of imported Australian livestock · Addressing gaps identified by the Australian Livestock Exporters’ Council (ALEC) and
GAPUSPINDO.
The grant activities were delivered from December 2022 to June 2024 and were specifically designed to complement and leverage existing emergency disease management programs in Indonesia, including initiatives run by the Indonesian and Australian Governments.
2.3. Stakeholder engagement
Throughout the design and delivery of the grant program activities, LiveCorp engaged with the following stakeholders to promote and guide the project, gain and maintain support, and ensure the activities aligned with activities, priorities, goals and objectives of other stakeholders:
· ALEC · Australian exporters · Australian Agriculture Counsellors through the Australian Embassy in Jakarta and DAFF · National and provincial Indonesian Government agencies, · Members of the Indonesian cattle industry including GAPUSPINDO · ISPI · Forum AWO · Indonesia-based LEP in-market team.
One such example of industry engagement was in early 2023. While in Indonesia, LiveCorp learnt from GAPUSPINDO that although importers were highly supportive of LiveCorp’s vaccination reimbursement program, they were experiencing challenges with the practicality of the buffer zone/local cattle vaccination goals. For example, challenges included low awareness and vaccine hesitancy among smallholder farmers, perceived risks from adverse vaccine reactions, and the administrative/coordination issues experienced with the vaccination programs (that had developed since the original grant application). In understanding these identified challenges, and with the department’s approval, LiveCorp responded by expanding the vaccine program roll-out support, coordination and communication activities of the grant to allow the funding of awareness and engagement activities, biosecurity training for local farmers and governments, the development and dissemination of informative/training materials, and the purchase of key (small-scale) infrastructure to improve biosecurity.
These activities contributed towards the outcomes of increasing smallholder farmers’ resilience against LSD, building local capability and knowledge to prevent LSD from entering local farms, reducing vaccination/treatment hesitance, and disseminating key information on LSD. The additional activities enhanced the relationships with the Indonesian industry and government, brought greater value for investment in terms of supporting local vaccination, and increased acceptance by the community by partnering with an Indonesian provider (GAPUSPINDO and ISPI).
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In responding to learnings from stakeholder engagement, and in agreement with the department, LiveCorp incorporated additional communication and education activities, and extended the grant timeline by twelve months to enable greater uptake of the program and maximise the outcomes.
2.4. Program management
The grant program was a complex series of activities that were all closely managed and coordinated by LiveCorp. Day-to-day program management and coordination was provided by LiveCorp’s Industry Capability Program Manager who holds a background and expertise in market access and emergency disease preparedness. Oversight of the grant delivery as well as stakeholder communications and relationship management, governance and legal requirements, etc were provided by LiveCorp’s CEO and Senior Manager ­ Programs, with financial management provided by LiveCorp’s Finance & Operations Manager. Delivery of activities was continuously evaluated against the objectives and purpose of the grant and adapted as required to ensure they were successfully achieved. Risks were identified and managed prior to and during the project as LiveCorp’s knowledge of the environment within Indonesia increased. LiveCorp adapted the management of the program as required to address any risks (as per the example above). No conflict-of-interest matters were identified or disclosed to LiveCorp during the project that required management in any of the grant funded activities.
3. FMD and LSD vaccination reimbursement program
3.1 Program overview
This component of the grant funded the development of a program for partial reimbursement of vaccination of imported Australian cattle against LSD and local livestock against LSD and FMD. This aimed to create pockets of immunity that included feedlots and biosecurity buffer zones of up to ten kilometers around the facilities. These pockets were intended to help lower the overall risk to feedlots and imported cattle, assist in reducing the spread and impact of the diseases, and to support the welfare of the smallholders associated with those communities. Many of the farmers surrounding cattle feedlots in Indonesia are smallholders that own one or two animals. Increasing vaccination rates in these communities supported the protection of both livestock and livelihoods.
The program was open to Indonesian importers and feedlot operators with Austalian cattle, and Australian exporters. It provided fifty percent reimbursement for the purchase of LSD vaccines for
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Australian bred cattle and fifty percent reimbursement for the purchase of LSD and FMD vaccines for local livestock. For local livestock, a $1.25 fixed fee could also be claimed per animal for equipment and costs associated with the logistics and coordination of getting the vaccines into the surrounding communities.
Initially the uptake of the vaccine reimbursement was slower than expected. As mentioned above, through engagement and collaboration with GAPUSPINDO and ISPI, it became apparent that the restricted access and distribution of vaccines within Indonesia made it difficult for importers to access vaccines through the available programs. These challenges were due to a variety of complexities; geographical distribution channels; biosecurity restrictions on movement; and cross sector communication and management. Therefore, this grant was designed to support the purchase of vaccines through commercial channels. However, it was also identified that vaccine hesitancy due to a lack of awareness, especially amongst smallholders, also contributed to the slow uptake of the grant. Through a separate project funded under the grant, set out below, LiveCorp partnered with GAPUSPINDO and ISPI to develop educational material and run training events to address this challenge. The completion of this additional project contributed to significantly increased uptake of the vaccine reimbursement program throughout 2023.
The extension of the grant into 2024 allowed LiveCorp and the Australian Government to continue to provide much needed vaccination and biosecurity support to Indonesia’s feedlot industry and surrounding smallholders. It continued to build buffer zones around feedlots holding Australian cattle and assisted Indonesia in controlling the spread FMD and LSD.
3.2 Application management and assessment process
One of the key objectives of the program was to increase much needed livestock LSD and FMD vaccination rates in Indonesia. To achieve this, and ensure adoption, the reimbursement program was specifically designed to be administratively and logistically efficient and effective, underpinned by strong governance that provided integrity and transparency, and ensured the legitimacy of applications. LiveCorp sought to work with existing structures, activities and priorities in Indonesia rather than disrupting initiatives already in place or seeking to establish new programs. For example, this was achieved by enabling Indonesian lot feeders/importers to source vaccines and equipment through their usual suppliers, rather than a new grant-based supply program i.e. having to purchase vaccines through LiveCorp or a specified provider. LiveCorp understands that effective cold chain management and dosage was followed as per the manufacturer’s instructions. For example, vaccines stored in medication refrigerators located at the feedlot, in a cool box when being transported to and from properties, etc. The outcome of LSD or FMD not being detected in the animals vaccinated confirmed the effectiveness of the vaccines administrated through the grant program.
LiveCorp established a structured two-step application and claim process for its funding allocation. This ensured that LiveCorp did not overcommit the funding available through the grant. Applications were submitted with estimated vaccination numbers, while claim forms provided actual vaccination numbers. Evidence was required to be provided with each claim form so that payment was only reimbursed for what had been delivered. Applications and claims were assessed and verified by LiveCorp for completeness and that they met the eligibility criteria, before being formally approved by executive management. Multiple claims were permitted per application.
Funding was available for:
· 50% reimbursement of LSD vaccination of Australian-bred cattle
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· 50% reimbursement of LSD vaccination of local livestock · 50% reimbursement of FMD vaccination of local livestock · Reimbursement of AUD$1.25 per vaccination for cost of equipment (e.g. PPE, needles, etc)
for local livestock. The following details were required as part of the application process for verification and approval:
· applicant business and contact details (including GPS coordinates for location) · estimated number of vaccines i.e. number of Australian and local livestock planned to be
vaccinated · details of livestock to be vaccinated (Australian, local livestock in buffer zone or both, and
species) · estimated cost of equipment and vaccination · estimated timeframe for vaccination.
The following details were required as part of the claim process for verification and approval:
· applicant and business details · actual number and details of livestock vaccinated and vaccines purchased · evidence to support and verify the number of vaccinations purchased and administered e.g.
photos, invoices of vaccine purchased · actual cost of vaccination and equipment.

3.4 Final vaccination outcomes from reimbursement program

3.4.1

Application and claims submitted

Vaccine Total no. approved

Application

LSD

27

Application

FMD

4

Claim

LSD

46

Claim

FMD

4

Total no. declined 0 3 0 0

Multiple claims were permitted per application.

There were no conflict of interest matters to note.

3.4.2

Vaccination rates delivered

Species

Vaccine

Cattle ­ Australian

LSD

Cattle ­ local

LSD

Cattle ­ local

FMD

Sheep and goats ­ local

FMD

Total

LSD & FMD

Total no. livestock vaccinated (head) 382,647 8,142 1,838 12,400 405,027

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% ·

% %

%

%

Towards the end of the grant activity period, rather than opening an additional reimbursement vaccination round, and with agreement from the department, the remaining funding was channelled into the expansion of the educational component for activities in an additional province of Indonesia to create maximum impact. While the final number of livestock vaccinated was lower than initially planned, the educational and communication activities conducted directly resulted in increased numbers of importers and feedlotters taking up the reimbursement program. Undertaking such knowledge and capacity building activities in these communities resulted in increased capability in disease management and vaccine acceptance that will continue to benefit Indonesia and the livestock industry into the future.
4. Strengthening Smallholder Farmer Resilience Against the Threat of LSD
4.1 Introduction
As the organisation representing Indonesia’s lot feeders, GAPUSPINDO engages closely with key stakeholders and government agencies such as the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture, DAFF, Australian livestock export industry bodies (LiveCorp, ALEC and the LEP), and various cattle importers and exporters. The organisation plays a significant role in shaping policies and advocating for the nation’s beef cattle sector. Many importers of Australian livestock are members. ISPI is a forum for livestock professionals in Indonesia. It focuses on providing assistance to supporting beef cattle farmers and communities, particularly smallholders. It has delivered previous projects for the Australian Government.
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As mentioned above, during the delivery of the vaccine reimbursement program GAPUSPINDO and ISPI advised LiveCorp of a number of challenges impacting uptake, including in particular vaccine hesitancy among smallholders. To overcome this challenge, LiveCorp partnered with both organisations to develop a targeted project. The project provided funding for socialisation, awareness and engagement activities, biosecurity training for local farmers and government personnel, the development and dissemination of educational and training materials, vaccination of smallholder livestock, and the purchase of key (small-scale) infrastructure to improve biosecurity. These activities contributed towards the outcomes of increasing smallholder farmers’ resilience against LSD, building local capability and knowledge to prevent LSD from entering local farms, reducing vaccination/treatment hesitance, and dissemination of key information on LSD. The knowledge and relationships that ISPI and GAPUSPINDO brought was crucial in gaining Indonesian government support at all levels, and developing materials that communities could utilise to build their capabilities in biosecurity. LiveCorp consulted with the department and was given permission, to include this component and its activities to ensure maximum impact.
4.2. Rapid assessment
To better understand the challenges to be addressed, and to develop the scope and methodology of the project activities, ISPI carried out an initial rapid assessment. This assessment aimed to understand the challenges faced by the livestock and animal health agencies at the provincial and regency levels, lot feeders and farmers associated with the outbreak of LSD in Indonesia and the national disease response. It also assessed the processes and current efforts being made to prevent the spread of disease, and identified what activities were needed to address these challenges.
The rapid assessment was conducted over three months and had the following objectives:
· Collect information on the LSD disease prevention and control programs/activities and their operational implementation in the field within various agencies/units/respondents in four Indonesian provinces (North Sumatra, Lampung, Banten, West Java) and 15 regencies where 23 cattle feedlots are located, as well as assessing the conditions of smallholder beef cattle farmers in the vicinity of the feedlots
· Identify the key issues and recommend appropriate solutions · Utilise findings from the rapid assessment to design the subsequent proposal/project.
The findings of the rapid assessment were used to determine what activities should be undertaken by ISPI and GAPUSPINDO to build smallholder farmer resilience against the threat of LSD in Indonesia.
4.3. Details of training and capacity building activities delivered
4.3.1 Socialisation activities ­ gaining government support Socialisation meetings were held throughout the project with central and regional Indonesian Government officials and lot feeders in key locations to communicate the purpose, objectives and activities of the project. These meetings were crucial in gaining government support at all levels. During these meetings the locations and dates for the smallholder awareness and vaccination campaign events were also agreed. By gaining buy-in, the awareness and vaccination events were then supported and attended by government officials, who helped to bring the community together and provided confidence in the legitimacy and value of the events. Most importantly, the project team engaged with the Directorate General of Animal Health and Livestock Services from the Ministry of Agriculture routinely throughout the project. This helped to achieve the project’s
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objectives and enabled the Indonesian Government to observe the success of the program, and to engage closely with GAPUSPINDO and ISPI. The success of this engagement was demonstrated by the incorporation of components and learnings from the project activities into Indonesia’s national government disease management approach. A total of 14 socialisation activities/meetings were held with provincial/district government agencies across the following locations:
· Cianjur Regency Government, West Java · Bandung Regency Government, West Java · Garut Regency Government, West Java · Regional Government of Deli Serdang, North Sumatra Regency · Regional Government of Central Lampung Regency · Pesawaran Regency Government · Yogyakarta and Gunung Kidal Regional Government
4.3.2 Awareness and vaccination campaigns LSD awareness and vaccination campaigns were coordinated and carried out in villages within five priority Indonesian provinces selected based on the number of cattle feedlots and prevelance of LSD in the region at the time. They were West Java, Banten, North Sumatera, Lampung and Daerah Istimewa (DI) Yogyakarta. The awareness campaigns were aimed at educating smallholder farmers and communities surrounding feedlots about LSD (and FMD), how to prevent it and what actions need to be taken if cattle were exposed. This included the development and distribution of communication and educational materials (e.g. posters and flyers) as well as community awareness events. At the community awareness events, presentations were given by local government officials, cattle industry leaders, animal disease/biosecurity experts, livestock management and veterinary experts. In addition, topics such as best practice beef cattle management and animal husbandry were included to build capability amongst the local farming community. At the end of each event the smallholders were offered the opportunity to have their livestock vaccinated against LSD, with after care provided. One hundred percent of smallholder attendees accepted and their livestock were vaccinated immediately after the sessions.
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A total of 686 individuals attended and received training. This included but was not limited to 503 smallholder farmers, in addition to government officials and local animal health officers.
A total of 2,400 smallholder livestock across the five provinces were directly vaccinated as a result of the campaign. Indirectly, smallholder hesitancy was reduced, which is believed to have supported government and feedlot smallholder vaccination efforts outside of the program. At the events, the smallholders present voiced their gratitude for the program and the positivity and security it had brought to their households and communities. Smallholder farmers own one to two livestock each, and the loss of one animal causes devastating impacts to their livelihoods.
Awareness and vaccination campaigns took place across the selected five Indonesian Provinces in the following eight locations:

Location of vaccination events
Cianjur Bandung Garut Cantral Lampung Deli Serdang Lamtend Lampung Pesawaran Lampung Yogyakarta Total

Number livestock vaccinated (hd)

Number of farmers attended

300

31

300

14

300

96

300

9

300

41

300

96

300

106

300

110

2400

503

The materials used during the smallholder vaccination events included:

Type of material

Number developed Number of locations distributed to

Vaccination equipment/ materials and livestock health after-care products.

Enough for vaccination of 2400 cattle

5 provinces, 15 districts and 24 farm locations

PPE

150 pieces

5 provinces, 15 districts and 24 farm locations

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4.3.3 Refresher training courses for provincial/district personnel Refresher courses were designed to update and increase the knowledge of the provincial/district government personnel about LSD prevention and control. Participants typically included medics, paramedics, vaccinators, animal scientist, veterinarians and district animal health officers. Refresher courses were held in the following locations:
· West Java · Banten · Yogyakarta A total of 140 personnel were trained. The increase in knowledge resulting from the training was measured and averaged 15.5%.
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4.3.4 Communication and educational materials developed and distributed Communication and educational materials were developed, distributed and displayed in many locations throughout the provinces where the project activities were delivered. The materials typically focused on raising awareness of LSD, how to identify it, the importance and safety of vaccination, and how to get support and assistance. They were distributed to villages, farms, feedlots, local government offices, and other locations, particularly in communities where the project’s awareness and vaccination events were held. Further details of the materials developed are provided below.

Type of material
Poster Outside banner Inside banner Video Pocket book manual

Number developed Number of locations distributed to

4400 210 210 2 1250

24
24
24 Circulated widely and continually utilised for education 24

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Description of material developed

Image of material

1

Poster describing the clinical signs of LSD

2

Poster to encourage taking measures

through biosecurity to prevent the spread

of LSD.

The poster also lists simple biosecurity measures that the farmer could implement.

3

Poster to invite farmers to vaccinate their

healthy livestock before infection occurs.

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4

Poster to offer assistance to care for and

treat livestock that are currently infected

with LSD.

5

Banner that contains messages about the

need for farmers, livestock buyers and

other stakeholders to increase vigilance and

be mindful of the threat of LSD.

6

Lumpy Skin Disease manual for field officers

7

Beef cattle management handbook

15

8

Educational video (2) about LSD, control,

vaccination, health care, beef cattle care

and management, biosecurity practices and

guidance.

Areas that materials were distributed to: Keswan Ditjen PKH Dinas Prov Jabar Dinas Kab Cianjur Dinas Kab Bandung Dinas Kab Garut Dinas Kab Purwakarta Dinas Kab Subang Dinas Kab Bogor Dinas Kab Sukabumi Dinas Kab Bandung Barat Dinas Prov Lampung Dinas Kab Lamteng Dinas Kab Pesawaran Dinas Kab Lamsel

Dinas Kab Deli Serdang Dinas Kab Langkat Dinas Kab Asahan Dinas Prov Banten Dinas Kab Serang Dinas Kab Tangerang BVet Medan ISPI (PB PW) Instansi terkait (Kedubes, LEP, Livecorp, dll) Dit lingkup PKH Stok Yogyakarta Dinas Prov Sumut

4.3.5 The number of livestock in each area that the project conducted activities The total number of livestock in the areas where the project conducted activities was estimated at 1,194,926 head (as shown the below table). This project included the training of government officials, animal health officers, veterinarians and smallholders. The information and skills that have been learnt by these personnel will be able to be shared within these communities into the future and potentially have a positive impact on these livestock.

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The below numbers depict the beef cattle population in those locations from 2023 to 2024.

Location (Province/District) Total number of cattle (head) Data source

1 West Java a. Bandung b. Garut c. Subang d. Purwakarta e. Cianjur
2. Banten a. Serang b. Tangerang
3 North Sumatera a. Deli Serdang b. Langkat c. Asahan
4 Lampung a. Pesawaran b. Lamteng c. Lamsel
5 DI. Yogyakarta a. Gunung Kidul TOTAL

131,160 20,812 34,888 21,969 13,901 39,590 43,309 5,607 37,702
492,863 124,638 220,992 147,233 513,406
21,625 367,692 124,089
14,188 14,188 1,194,926

CBS 2023
CBS 2022 CBS 2022 CBS 2021 QUATER I 2024

4.3.6 Small-scale infrastructure purchased to improve biosecurity No small-scale infrastructure was purchased through this project; however, equipment to improve biosecurity was purchased (listed in section 4.3.2 above). It was initially thought that infrastructure may need to be purchased to support the project, but as activities were conducted it was understood that it was not required.

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5. Development of Biosecurity Training
Forum Animal Welfare Officers (AWO) is a volunteer association for Indonesian AWOs who manage the implementation and compliance of animal welfare practices and training across Indonesia’s livestock industry. Forum AWO have experience developing and delivering a range of practical and targeted training for its members and feedlot and abattoir workers.
LiveCorp engaged Forum AWO to develop a training program for animal biosecurity, welfare and disease management, targeted at abattoir and feedlot workers.
The training program was delivered by specialised veterinarians, university researchers and established industry representatives and included the following modules:
· Identification and prevention of FMD and LSD o Identification: explained the characteristics and symptoms of FMD and LSD. o Prevention methods: provided information on preventative measures to avoid infection in cattle, including practices that should be implemented to prevent the spread of diseases. o Vaccinations: provided guidelines on the types of vaccines available for FMD and LSD, as well as the schedule and procedures for vaccinations that should be followed to protect livestock from these diseases.
· Biosecurity practices o Biosecurity practices using personal protective equipment (PPE): explained the importance of using PPE in maintaining biosecurity, including the types of PPE that should be used by workers in the livestock industry. o Disinfection: provided guidelines on techniques, processes and materials used for disinfecting areas, equipment and livestock vehicles to prevent the spread of diseases through the cattle supply chain.
· Animal welfare and disease management and treatment o Animal welfare: explained the principles of animal welfare, including good living conditions, proper care, and humane treatment of livestock. o Disease management and treatment in livestock: provided information on health management strategies for livestock, including disease identification, treatment actions, and recovery of sick animals.
· Animal welfare and traceability o Animal welfare: explained the importance of animal welfare at all times, especially during religious festivals when cattle are in high demand. This included maintaining welfare standards and health of animals before, during and after slaughter. o Traceability: provided guidelines on tracking the origin and movement of cattle through the supply chain and assuring correct handling to meet approved and well established health and welfare standards.
To maximise the impact of the training, it was delivered in locations that have a high number of abattoir or feedlots that are supplied by livestock exports, including:
· Jakarta · Bogor · West Java
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Following the training, all attendees were taken to either an abattoir or feedlot to see the practices they had just learnt about being actioned in person. The training was very engaging and interactive, with attendees being asked to demonstrate the lessons that they were being taught (e.g. how to put on their PPE effectively depending on what disease they were dealing with or what level of biosecurity was required in a certain area of the facility). A total of 135 individuals were trained. The effectiveness of the training was assessed through a pre and post training session test. At the beginning of the session the test showed an average subject matter understanding of 45-65% and following the training this increased to an average score of 89100%.
In addition to the biosecurity and animal health, welfare and disease management training, Forum AWO developed a biosecurity checklist that could be distributed to and used by feedlots, abattoirs and other relevant livestock businesses.
6. Conclusion
Over the period of the grant LiveCorp has engaged with various stakeholders, including Australian and Indonesian cattle industry groups, exporters, importers and government bodies. The program was adapted and refined multiple times, with agreement from the department, after receiving feedback to ensure maximum adoption and positive impact were being achieved by the activities conducted. This responsive and adaptive approach to the new information and advice being communicated to LiveCorp from its Indonesian partners throughout the grant, was a key component of the success of the program. The grant program was complex, involving multiple activities and components managed by LiveCorp. Challenges were monitored and addressed as the project progressed, with continuous evaluation to ensure objectives were being met. Through this meaningful and insightful process, LiveCorp was able to vaccinate over 400,000 animals and support their owners through a very difficult time. As originally intended, the vaccination of these livestock created pockets of immunity and buffer zones around feedlots holding Australian livestock, and assisted in the reduced spread and control of the diseases. Through the program LiveCorp was able to support its counterparts in creating capability and capacity in communities to protect themselves and their livelihoods from diseases through material
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development and education in biosecurity, disease management and prevention, and health and welfare. These learnings will pass on to future generations.
Overall, the grant program successfully enhanced vaccination efforts, improved biosecurity measures, and supported Indonesian livestock industries and smallholder farmers in managing and controlling the FMD and LSD outbreaks. Some of key highlights and outcomes of the grant program included:
· the vaccination of 407,427 livestock in Indonesia, in provinces that had the highest risk profile for LSD and FMD, and the highest density of Australian cattle
· supporting Indonesian efforts to reduce the spread of LSD and FMD · the education of 826 government personnel and smallholder farmers, that will continue to
benefit the local communities and livestock into the future · overcoming vaccine hesitancy and achieving high vaccination rates in the smallholder
attendees · increasing the confidence and ability of government personnel to understand, manage and
respond to LSD and FMD outbreaks in their community · training 140 provincial/district government personnel in biosecurity and disease
management · training 135 supply chain personnel in biosecurity practices · the protection of Indonesian livelihoods and food security during a difficult period, while
also protecting Australian livestock and Australia’s biosecurity · working with industry trading partners towards their goals, developing goodwill and
strengthening relationships · providing Indonesian importers/lot feeders the opportunity to assist surrounding
communities supported by the Australian industry and government · building knowledge and capability which will continue to benefit those communities and the
livestock into the future · achieving significant impact and knowledge improvement by delivering culturally
appropriate communication and education in local languages. · establishing new relationships, presence and rapport with smallholders · strengthening established connections, keeping Australia seen as the trusted and preferred
trading partner.
This program was widely and openly appreciated from all involved and adopted into Indonesia’s national disease response approach. LiveCorp would like to acknowledge and thank the Australian Government, specifically the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry for its support in delivering the grant program.
7. Material Inventory List
All materials developed in relation to this grant program can be found publicly available on LiveCorp’s website: https://livecorp.com.au/report/48XM5wPJZ6m9B4VzMmcd3g
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Documents / Resources

LIVECORP FMD and LSD Vaccine Support and Implementation Program [pdf] Instructions FMD and LSD Vaccine Support and Implementation Program, Vaccine Support and Implementation Program, Implementation Program

References

• User Manual