KVM vJunos Canja Wuta

Ƙayyadaddun bayanai

• Samfura: vJunos-switch
• Jagoran Aiwatarwa: KVM
• Mawallafi: Juniper Networks, Inc.
• Ranar bugawa: 2023-11-20
• Website: https://www.juniper.net

Bayanin samfur

Game da Wannan Jagorar

Jagoran Aiwatar da vJunos-switch yana ba da umarni da
bayani kan turawa da sarrafa vJunos-switch akan KVM
muhalli. Ya ƙunshi batutuwa kamar fahimtar abubuwan da suka wuceview of
vJunos-switch, hardware da software bukatun, shigarwa da
turawa, da kuma gyara matsala.

vJunos-switch Overview

VJunos-switch bangaren software ne wanda za'a iya shigar dashi
akan uwar garken daidaitattun masana'antu x86 wanda ke gudanar da hypervisor Linux KVM
(Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, ko Debian 11 Bullseye). Yana bayar da
iyawar hanyar sadarwa ta zahiri kuma an tsara shi don bayarwa
sassauci da scalability a cikin tura cibiyar sadarwa.

Ana Goyan bayan Abubuwan Maɓalli

• Ƙarfin sadarwar da aka ƙirƙira
• Taimako don madaidaitan sabar x86 masana'antu
• Dace da Linux KVM hypervisor
• Ikon shigar vJunos-switch lokuta da yawa akan guda ɗaya
  uwar garken

Fa'idodi da Amfani

VJunos-switch yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa kuma ana iya amfani dashi a ciki
yanayi daban-daban:

• Yana ba da damar samar da hanyoyin sadarwa mai ƙima
• Yana rage farashin kayan masarufi ta hanyar amfani da daidaitattun masana'antu
  sabobin
• Yana ba da sassauci da haɓakawa a cikin hanyar sadarwa
  turawa
• Yana sauƙaƙa sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa da daidaitawa

Iyakance

Yayin da vJunos-switch shine ingantaccen hanyar sadarwar sadarwa, shi
yana da wasu iyakoki don la'akari:

• Daidaitu iyakance ga Linux KVM hypervisor
• Yana buƙatar madaidaitan sabar x86 masana'antu don shigarwa
• Ya dogara da iyawa da albarkatun abubuwan da ke ciki
  kayan aikin sabar

vJunos-switch Architecture

An tsara gine-ginen vJunos-switch don samar da a
yanayin sadarwar da aka kirkira akan KVM hypervisor. Yana amfani
albarkatu da iyawar uwar garken x86 na asali
hardware don sadar da ayyuka na cibiyar sadarwa masu inganci.

Umarnin Amfani da samfur

Bukatun Hardware da Software

Don samun nasarar tura vJunos-switch akan KVM, tabbatar da cewa naku
tsarin ya cika mafi ƙarancin buƙatu masu zuwa:

• Madaidaicin masana'antu x86 uwar garken
• Linux KVM hypervisor (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, ko Debian 11)
  Bullseye)
• Manhajar software na ɓangare na uku (na zaɓi)

Shigar kuma Sanya vJunos-switch akan KVM

Sanya vJunos-switch akan KVM

Bi waɗannan matakan don shigar da vJunos-switch akan KVM
muhalli:

1. Shirya Sabbin Mai watsa shiri na Linux don Sanya vJunos-switch.
2. Sanya kuma Sarrafa vJunos-switch akan KVM.
3. Saita ƙaddamar da vJunos-switch akan uwar garken Mai watsa shiri.
4. Tabbatar da vJunos-switch VM.
5. Sanya vJunos-switch akan KVM.
6. Haɗa zuwa vJunos-switch.
7. Sanya Tashoshi masu Aiki.
8. Sunan Interface.
9. Sanya Media MTU.

Shirya matsala vJunos-switch

Idan kun ci karo da kowace matsala tare da vJunos-switch, kuna iya bi
waɗannan matakan magance matsala:

1. Tabbatar cewa VM yana Gudu.
2. Tabbatar da Bayanin CPU.
3. View Shiga Files.
4. Tattara Core dumps.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Game da Samfurin

Shin vJunos-switch ya dace da duk masu haɓakawa?

A'a, vJunos-switch an tsara shi musamman don Linux KVM
hypervisor.

Zan iya shigar da lokuta da yawa na vJunos-switch akan guda ɗaya
uwar garken?

Ee, zaku iya shigar da misalai na vJunos-switch a kan wani
uwar garken masana'antu guda ɗaya x86.

Shigarwa da Ƙaddamarwa

Menene mafi ƙarancin kayan masarufi da buƙatun software don
vJunos-canzawa akan KVM?

Ƙananan buƙatun sun haɗa da daidaitaccen uwar garken x86 masana'antu
da Linux KVM hypervisor (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, ko Debian
11 Bullseye). Ana iya amfani da software na ɓangare na uku kuma
shigar, amma na zaɓi ne.

Ta yaya zan haɗa zuwa vJunos-switch bayan shigarwa?

Kuna iya haɗawa zuwa vJunos-switch ta bin abin da aka bayar
umarnin a cikin jagorar shigarwa.

Shirya matsala

A ina zan sami log ɗin files don vJunos-switch?

Login files don vJunos-switch ana iya samuwa a cikin ƙayyadaddun
directory akan uwar garken mai watsa shiri. Koma zuwa sashin magance matsala
na jagorar turawa don ƙarin bayani.

vJunos-switch Jagoran Aiwatarwa don KVM
Buga
2023-11-20

ii
Juniper Networks, Inc. 1133 Innovation Way Sunnyvale, California 94089 Amurka 408-745-2000 www.juniper.net
Juniper Networks, alamar Juniper Networks, Juniper, da Junos alamun kasuwanci ne masu rijista na Juniper Networks, Inc. a Amurka da wasu ƙasashe. Duk sauran alamun kasuwanci, alamun sabis, alamun rajista, ko alamun sabis masu rijista mallakin masu su ne.
Juniper Networks ba ta da alhakin kowane kuskure a cikin wannan takaddar. Juniper Networks suna da haƙƙin canzawa, gyaggyarawa, canja wuri, ko in ba haka ba sake duba wannan ɗaba'ar ba tare da sanarwa ba.
Jagoran Aiwatar da vJunos-switch don KVM Copyright 2023 Juniper Networks, Inc. Duk haƙƙin mallaka.
Bayanin da ke cikin wannan takaddar yana halin yanzu har zuwa kwanan wata akan shafin take.
SANARWA SHEKARA 2000
Kayan aikin Juniper Networks da samfuran software sun cika shekara ta 2000. Junos OS ba shi da sanannen iyakoki masu alaƙa da lokaci har zuwa shekara ta 2038. Koyaya, aikace-aikacen NTP an san yana da ɗan wahala a cikin shekara ta 2036.
KARSHEN YARJEJIN LASIN MAI AMFANI
Samfurin Juniper Networks wanda shine batun wannan takaddun fasaha ya ƙunshi (ko an yi nufin amfani dashi) software na Juniper Networks. Amfani da irin wannan software yana ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗa da sharuɗɗan Yarjejeniyar Lasisin Mai Amfani ("EULA") da aka buga a https://support.juniper.net/support/eula/. Ta hanyar zazzagewa, shigarwa ko amfani da irin wannan software, kun yarda da sharuɗɗan wannan EULA.

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Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

Game da Wannan Jagora | v

1

Fahimtar vJunos-switch

vJunos-switch Overview | 2

Ƙarsheview | 2

Maɓalli Masu Tallafawa | 3

Fa'idodi da Amfani | 3

Iyakance | 4

vJunos-switch Architecture | 4

2

Hardware da Bukatun Software vJunos-switch akan KVM

Mafi ƙarancin buƙatun Hardware da Software | 8

3

Shigar kuma Sanya vJunos-switch akan KVM

Shigar vJunos-switch akan KVM | 11

Shirya Sabbin Mai watsa shiri na Linux don Sanya vJunos-switch | 11

Sanya kuma Sarrafa vJunos-switch akan KVM | 11 Saita ƙaddamar da vJunos-switch akan uwar garken Mai watsa shiri | 12

Tabbatar da vJunos-switch VM | 17

Sanya vJunos-switch akan KVM | 19 Haɗa zuwa vJunos-switch | 19

Saita Tashoshi Masu Aiki | 20

Interface Sunan | 20

Sanya Media MTU | 21

4

Shirya matsala

Shirya matsala vJunos-switch | 23

Tabbatar cewa VM yana Gudu | 23

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Tabbatar da Bayanin CPU | 24 View Shiga Files | 25 Tattara Core Dumps | 25

v
Game da Wannan Jagorar
Yi amfani da wannan jagorar don shigar da kama-da-wane Junos-switch (vJunos-switch). VJunos-switch sigar kama-da-wane na dandalin sauya fasalin EX na tushen Junos. Yana wakiltar canjin Juniper da ke tafiyar da tsarin aiki na Junos® (Junos OS) a cikin mahalli na tushen kernel (KVM). VJunos-switch ya dogara ne akan tsarin gine-gine na Juniper Networks® vMX Virtual Router (vMX). Wannan jagorar kuma ya haɗa da ainihin tsarin vJunos-switch da hanyoyin gudanarwa. Bayan shigarwa da daidaita vJunos-switch kamar yadda aka rufe a cikin wannan jagorar, koma zuwa takaddun Junos OS don bayani game da ƙarin saitin software.
TAKARDAR ODAR 6AD0 ZAMA AIKATA Junos OS don Takardun EX Series

BABI NA 1
Fahimtar vJunos-switch
vJunos-switch Overview | 2 vJunos-switch Architecture | 4

2
vJunos-switch Overview

TAKAITACCEN
Wannan batu yana ba da juzu'i, mahimman abubuwan tallafi, fa'idodi, da iyakancewar vJunosswitch.

A WANNAN SASHE
Ƙarsheview | 2 Key Features Support | 3 Fa'idodi da Amfani | 3 Iyakoki | 4

Ƙarsheview
A WANNAN SASHE vJunos-switch Shigar Overview | 3
Karanta wannan batu don ƙarinview na vJunos-switch. The vJunos-switch sigar kama-da-wane na Juniper sauya wanda ke tafiyar da Junos OS. Kuna iya shigar da vJunos-switch azaman injin kama-da-wane (VM) akan sabar x86. Kuna iya daidaitawa da sarrafa vJunos-switch kamar yadda kuke sarrafa canjin jiki. VJunos-switch inji guda ɗaya ne na kama-da-wane (VM) wanda zaku iya amfani dashi a cikin labs kawai ba a yanayin samarwa ba. An gina vJunos-switch ta amfani da EX9214 a matsayin juniper canji kuma yana goyan bayan Injin Roting guda ɗaya da Maɗaukakin Maɗaukaki na PIC (FPC). VJunos-switch yana goyan bayan bandwidth har zuwa 100 Mbps wanda aka tara akan duk musaya. Ba kwa buƙatar siyan lasisin bandwidth don amfani da vJunos-switch. Maimakon yin amfani da na'urori masu sauyawa, za ka iya amfani da vJunos-switch don fara software na Junos don gwada saitunan cibiyar sadarwa da ladabi.

3
vJunos-switch Installing Overview
Kuna iya shigar da kayan aikin software na vJunos-switch akan sabar x86 daidaitaccen masana'antu da ke tafiyar da Linux KVM hypervisor (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04, 22.04 ko Debian 11 Bullseye). A kan sabobin da ke tafiyar da KVM hypervisor, kuna iya gudanar da software na ɓangare na uku. Kuna iya shigar da misalai na vJunos-switch akan sabar guda ɗaya.
Ana Goyan bayan Abubuwan Maɓalli
Wannan batu yana ba ku jeri da cikakkun bayanai na mahimman fasalulluka waɗanda aka goyan bayan kuma inganta su akan vJunos-switch. Don cikakkun bayanai kan daidaita waɗannan fasalulluka duba jagororin fasalin a: Jagorar mai amfani. VJunos-switch yana goyan bayan fasalulluka masu zuwa: · Yana goyan bayan mu'amalar musanya har zuwa 96 · Yana iya kwaikwayi bayanan cibiyar IP da ke ƙasa da saman topologies. Yana goyan bayan aikin ganye na EVPN-VXLAN · Yana goyan bayan Gadar Gaggawa-Routed (ERB) · Yana goyan bayan EVPN LAG multihoming a cikin EVPN-VXLAN (ESI-LAG)
Fa'idodi da Amfani
Fa'idodi da amfani da vJunos-switch akan daidaitattun sabar x86 sune kamar haka: · Rage kashe kashe kuɗi (CapEx) akan lab–VJunos-switch yana samuwa kyauta don gina labs gwaji.
rage farashin da ke da alaƙa da sauyawar jiki. Rage lokacin turawa - Kuna iya amfani da vJunos-switch don ginawa da gwada topologies kusan
ba tare da gina dakunan gwaje-gwaje na jiki masu tsada ba. Ana iya gina dakunan gwaje-gwaje na zahiri nan take. Sakamakon haka, zaku iya rage farashi da jinkiri masu alaƙa da turawa akan kayan aikin jiki. · Cire buƙatu da lokacin kayan aikin lab – vJunos-switch yana taimaka muku kawar da lokacin jira don kayan aikin lab ɗin ya zo bayan siye. vJunos-switch yana samuwa kyauta kuma ana iya saukewa nan take. Ilimi da horarwa - Yana ba ku damar gina labs don koyo da sabis na ilimi ga ma'aikatan ku.

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Tabbacin ra'ayi da gwajin tabbatarwa - Kuna iya tabbatar da canje-canjen canjin cibiyar bayanai daban-daban, saitunan da aka riga aka gina.amples, kuma shirya aiki da kai.
Iyakance
VJunos-switch yana da iyakoki masu zuwa: · Yana da Injin Roting guda ɗaya da gine-ginen FPC guda ɗaya. Ba ya goyan bayan haɓaka software a cikin sabis (ISSU). Ba ya goyan bayan haɗe-haɗe ko cirewar musanyawa yayin da yake gudana. SR-IOV don vJunos-switch amfani lokuta da kayan aiki ba su da tallafi. Saboda gine-ginen da aka gina ta, ba za a iya amfani da vJunos-switch ba a duk wani turawa da ya kaddamar da
misalai daga cikin VM. · Yana goyan bayan iyakar bandwidth na 100 Mbps akan duk musaya.
NOTE: Ba a bayar da lasisin bandwidth saboda babu buƙatar lasisin bandwidth. Sakon duba lasisi na iya zuwa. Yi watsi da saƙon rajistan lasisi.
Ba za ku iya haɓaka Junos OS akan tsarin aiki ba. Madadin haka, dole ne ku tura sabon misali tare da sabuwar software.
Ba a tallafawa Multicast.
TAKARDAR ODAR 8ADXNUMX ZAMA AIKATA? XNUMX
vJunos-switch Architecture
VJunos-switch guda ɗaya ne, mafita na VM wanda aka haɗa da jirgin sama mai ɗaukar hoto (VFP) da Injin Canja wurin Fakiti (PFE) a cikin VM na waje. Lokacin da ka fara vJunos-switch, da VFP

5 yana fara VM mai gida wanda ke gudanar da hoton Junos Virtual Control Plane (VCP). Ana amfani da hypervisor KVM don tura VCP. Kalmar "nested" tana nufin VCP VM da ake sakawa a cikin VFP VM, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 1 a shafi na 5. vJunos-switch zai iya tallafawa har zuwa 100 Mbps na kayan aiki ta amfani da 4 cores da 5GB na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Duk wani ƙarin ƙira da saita ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ana keɓance shi zuwa VCP. VFP baya buƙatar ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya baya ga ƙaramin sawun da ke goyan baya. Ƙaƙwalwar 4 da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar 5GB sun isa ga lokuta masu amfani da lab. Hoto 1: vJunos-switch Architecture
An tsara tsarin gine-gine na vJunos-switch a cikin yadudduka: · vJunos-switch yana saman Layer. · KVM hypervisor da software na tsarin da ke da alaƙa da aka bayyana a cikin ɓangaren buƙatun software
suna tsakiyar Layer. Sabar x86 tana cikin Layer na zahiri a ƙasa.

6
Fahimtar wannan gine-ginen zai iya taimaka muku tsara daidaitawar vJunos-switch. Bayan kun ƙirƙiri misalin vJunos-Switch, zaku iya amfani da Junos OS CLI don saita musaya na vJunosswitch a cikin VCP. VJunos-switch yana goyan bayan Gigabit Ethernet musaya kawai.

BABI NA 2
Hardware da Bukatun Software vJunos-switch akan KVM
Mafi ƙarancin buƙatun Hardware da Software | 8

8

Mafi qarancin Hardware da Buƙatun Software

Wannan batu yana ba ku jerin buƙatun kayan masarufi da software don fara misalin vJunos-switch. Tebu na 1 a shafi na 8 ya lissafa abubuwan da ake buƙata na hardware don vJunos-switch. Tebur 1: Mahimman Bukatun Hardware don vJunos-switch

Bayani

Daraja

Sampda tsarin sanyi

Don kwaikwaiyon Lab da ƙarancin aiki (kasa da 100 Mbps) yi amfani da lokuta, kowane processor na Intel x86 tare da iyawar VT-x.
Intel Ivy Bridge processor ko kuma daga baya.
Exampna Ivy Bridge processor: Intel Xeon E5-2667 v2 @ 3.30 GHz cache 25 MB

Adadin majigi

Ana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin ƙira huɗu. Software yana keɓance nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in) sun kasafta ma’auni guda uku ga VFP da kuma cibiya guda ɗaya ga VCP,wanda ya isa ga yawancin lokuta masu amfani.
Za a ba da duk wani ƙarin maɗaukaki ga VCP kamar yadda cores uku suka isa don tallafawa buƙatun jirgin sama na VFP.

Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya

Ana buƙatar ƙaramin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya 5GB. Kusan 3GB ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya za a keɓe ga VFP da 2 GB ga VCP. Idan an samar da fiye da 6 GB na jimlar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, to, ƙwaƙwalwar VFP tana kan iyaka a 4GB, kuma ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya an ware shi zuwa VCP.

Sauran buƙatun · Ƙarfin Intel VT-x. · Hyperthreading (shawarar) · AES-NI

Tebu na 2 a shafi na 9 ya lissafa buƙatun software don vJunos-switch.

9

Tebur 2: Bukatun Software don Ubuntu

Bayani

Daraja

Tsarin aiki
NOTE: Ingilishi kawai ake tallafawa.

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS · Ubuntu 18.04 LTS · Debian 11 Bullseye

Ƙwarewa

· QEMU-KVM
Tsohuwar sigar kowane nau'in Ubuntu ko Debian ya wadatar. Apt-get install qemu-kvm yana shigar da wannan tsohuwar sigar.

Fakitin da ake buƙata
NOTE: Yi amfani da dace-samu shigar pkg sunan ko sudo dace-samun shigar umarni don shigar da kunshin.

qemu-kvm virt-manager · libvirt-daemon-tsarin · virtinst libvirt-abokan ciniki gada-utils

Wuraren Ƙaddamar da Tallafi

QEMU-KVM ta amfani da libvirt
Hakanan, ana goyan bayan aikin tura ƙarfe mara amfani na EVE-NG.
Lura: vJunos-switch ba shi da tallafi akan EVE-NG ko duk wani turawa da ke ƙaddamar da vJunos daga cikin VM saboda ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙira.

vJunos-switch Hotuna

Ana iya isa ga Hotunan daga wurin zazzagewar lab na juniper.net a: Gwajin Juniper

BABI NA 3
Shigar kuma Sanya vJunos-switch akan KVM
Shigar vJunos-switch akan KVM | 11 Sanya kuma Sarrafa vJunos-switch akan KVM | 11 Sanya vJunos-switch akan KVM | 19

11
Sanya vJunos-switch akan KVM

TAKAITACCEN
Karanta wannan batu don fahimtar yadda ake shigar da vJunos-switch a cikin yanayin KVM.

A WANNAN SASHE
Shirya Sabbin Mai watsa shiri na Linux don Sanya vJunos-switch | 11

Shirya Sabbin Mai watsa shiri na Linux don Sanya vJunos-switch
Wannan sashe ya shafi duka Ubuntu da Debian uwar garken sabar. 1. Shigar da daidaitattun nau'ikan fakiti don uwar garken uwar garken Ubuntu ko Debian don tabbatar da cewa
sabobin sun cika mafi ƙarancin kayan masarufi da buƙatun software. 2. Tabbatar cewa an kunna fasahar Intel VT-x. Gudun umarnin lscpu akan uwar garken mai masaukin ku.
Filin Virtualization a cikin fitarwa na umarnin lscpu yana nuna VT-x, idan an kunna VT-x. Idan ba a kunna VT-x ba, to, duba takaddun sabar ku don koyon yadda ake kunna ta a BIOS.
Sanya kuma Sarrafa vJunos-switch akan KVM

TAKAITACCEN
Karanta wannan batu don fahimtar yadda ake turawa da sarrafa misalin vJunos-switch bayan shigar da shi.

A WANNAN SASHE
Saita ƙaddamar da vJunos-switch akan uwar garken Mai watsa shiri | 12 Tabbatar da vJunos-switch VM | 17

Wannan batu yana bayyana: · Yadda ake kawo vJunos-switch akan sabar KVM ta amfani da libvirt.
· Yadda ake zaɓar adadin CPU da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, saita gadojin da ake buƙata don haɗawa, da daidaita tashar tashar jiragen ruwa.

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· Yadda ake amfani da XML mai dacewa file sassan don daidaitawa da zaɓin da aka jera a baya.
NOTE: Zazzage sampda XML file da hoton vJunos-switch daga Juniper website.
Saita ƙaddamar da vJunos-switch akan uwar garken Mai watsa shiri
Wannan batu yana bayyana yadda ake saita tura vJunos-switch akan uwar garken mai masaukin baki.
NOTE: Wannan batu yana haskaka wasu sassan XML kawai file waɗanda ake amfani da su don tura vJunosswitch ta hanyar libvirt. Duk XML file vjunos.xml yana samuwa don saukewa tare da hoton VM da takardun haɗin gwiwa akan vJunos Lab Software Zazzage shafin.
Sanya fakitin da aka ambata a cikin mafi ƙarancin buƙatun software, idan fakitin ba a riga an shigar dasu ba. Dubi "Ƙaramar Hardware da Buƙatun Software" a shafi na 8 1. Ƙirƙiri gadar Linux don kowane Gigabit Ethernet interface na vJunos-switch wanda kuke shirin amfani da shi.
# ip link ƙara ge-000 nau'in gada # ip link ƙara ge-001 nau'in gada A wannan yanayin, misalin za a daidaita ge-0/0/0 da ge-0/0/1. 2. Kawo kowace gadar Linux. ip link kafa ge-000 up ip link kafa ge-001 up 3. Yi live disk kwafin na bayar da QCOW2 vJunos image. # cd / tushen # cp vjunos-switch-23.1R1.8.qcow2 vjunos-sw1-live.qcow2 Yi kwafi na musamman ga kowane vJunos da kuke shirin turawa. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa baku yin kowane canje-canje na dindindin akan ainihin hoton. Hoton mai rai dole ne kuma ya zama abin rubutawa ta mai amfani yana tura vJunos-switch-yawanci tushen mai amfani. 4. Ƙayyade adadin muryoyin da aka bayar ga vJunos ta hanyar gyaggyarawa mai zuwa.

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Stanza mai zuwa yana ƙayyadaddun adadin muryoyin da aka bayar ga vJunos. Matsakaicin maƙallan da ake buƙata 4 ne kuma sun isa ga lokuta masu amfani da lab.
x86_64 IvyBridge ku 4

Tsohuwar adadin muryoyin da ake buƙata shine 4 kuma ya isa ga yawancin aikace-aikace. Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin CPU da ke goyan bayan vJunos-switch. Kuna iya barin samfurin CPU azaman IvyBridge. Intel CPUs na baya-bayan nan kuma za su yi aiki tare da wannan saitin. 5. Ƙara ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya idan an buƙata ta hanyar gyaggyarawa mai zuwa.

wuta-sw1 5242880 5242880 4
Mai zuwa example yana nuna tsohowar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ake buƙata ta vJunos-switch. Tsohuwar žwažwalwar ajiya ya isa ga yawancin aikace-aikace. Kuna iya ƙara ƙimar idan an buƙata. Hakanan yana nuna sunan takamaiman vJunos-switch da aka haifa, wanda shine vjunos-sw1 a wannan yanayin. 6. Ƙayyade suna da wurin hoton vJunos-switch ta hanyar gyara XML file kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wadannan example.
<disk device=”disk” type=”file” > file=”/tushen/vjunos-sw1-live.qcow2″/>

Dole ne ku samar da kowane vJunos VM akan mai watsa shiri tare da nasa hoton QCOW2 na musamman. Ana buƙatar wannan don libvirt da QEMU-KVM.

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7. Ƙirƙiri hoton diski. # ./make-config.sh VJunos-switch yana karɓar tsari na farko ta hanyar haɗa diski na biyu zuwa misalin VM wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin. Yi amfani da rubutun da aka bayar make-config.sh don ƙirƙirar hoton diski. XML file nassoshi wannan na'ura mai kwakwalwa kamar yadda aka nuna a kasa:
<disk device=”disk” type=”file” > file=”/tushen/config.qcow2″/>

NOTE: Idan ba ka fi son tsarin farko ba, to, cire stanza na sama daga XML file.
8. Saita tashar tashar Ethernet mai gudanarwa.


Wannan example yana ba ku damar haɗawa zuwa VCP "fxp0" wato tashar sarrafawa daga wajen uwar garken mai watsa shiri wanda vJunos-switch ke zaune. Kuna buƙatar samun adireshin IP mai iya daidaitawa don fxp0, ko dai ta hanyar sabar DHCP ko ta amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin CLI. The "eth0" a cikin stanza da ke ƙasa yana nufin cibiyar sadarwar uwar garken wanda ke ba da haɗin kai zuwa duniyar waje kuma ya kamata ya dace da sunan wannan mahaɗin a kan uwar garken uwar garken ku. Idan ba kwa amfani da Ƙa'idar Kanfigareshan Mai Sauƙi (DHCP), to, bayan vJunos-switch ya tashi yana aiki, telnet zuwa na'urar wasan bidiyo kuma saita adireshin IP don "fxp0" ta amfani da tsarin CLI kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa:

15
NOTE: Abubuwan da ke ƙasa kawai examples ko sample sanyi snippets. Hakanan kuna iya saita saitin hanya madaidaiciya.
# saita musaya fxp0 rukunin 0 adireshin inet na iyali 10.92.249.111/23 # saita sabis na tsarin ssh tushen-login ba da izinin umarni. 0.0.0.0. Ƙirƙiri gadar Linux don kowace tashar jiragen ruwa da ka ƙayyade a cikin XML file.



An kayyade sunayen tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin wannan tsari mai zuwa. Yarjejeniyar don vJunos-switch shine amfani da ge-0xy inda "xy" ke ƙayyade ainihin lambar tashar jiragen ruwa. A cikin wadannan example, ge-000 da ge-001 su ne lambobin tashar jiragen ruwa. Waɗannan lambobin tashar jiragen ruwa za su taswira zuwa musaya na Junos ge-0/0/0 da ge-0/0/1 bi da bi. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar gadar Linux don kowace tashar jiragen ruwa da kuka ƙayyade a cikin XML file. 11. Samar da lambar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta musamman don kowane vJunos-switch akan sabar mai masaukin ku. A cikin wadannan exampLe, keɓaɓɓen lambar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta serial console ita ce "8610".

16
Kar a canza smbios stanza mai zuwa. Yana gaya wa vJunos cewa vJunos-switch ne.

12. Ƙirƙiri vJunos-sw1 VM ta amfani da vJunos-sw1.xml file. # virsh ƙirƙirar vjunos-sw1.xml
Ana amfani da kalmar “sw1” don nuna cewa wannan shine farkon vJunos-switch VM da ake sakawa. Ana iya kiran VM na gaba vjunos-sw2, da vjunos-sw3 da sauransu.
Sakamakon haka, an ƙirƙiri VM kuma ana nuna saƙo mai zuwa:
Domain vjunos-sw1 ƙirƙira daga vjunos-sw1.xml 13. Duba /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf da rashin gamsuwa da wadannan layin XML idan waɗannan layin sun kasance.
yayi sharhi. Wasu exampAna ba da ƙima masu inganci a ƙasa. Uncomment da takamaiman layukan.

#

mai amfani = "qemu" # Mai amfani mai suna "qemu"

#

mai amfani = "+0" # Super mai amfani (uid=0)

#

mai amfani = "100" # Mai amfani mai suna "100" ko mai amfani da uid=100#mai amfani = "tushen"

<<

uncomment wannan layin

#

#group = "tushen" <<< rashin amsa wannan layin

14. Sake kunna libvirtd kuma sake ƙirƙiri vJunos-switch VM. # systemctl sake kunnawa libvirtd
15. Kashe vJunos-switch da aka tura akan uwar garken Mai watsa shiri lafiya (idan an buƙata). Yi amfani da umarnin kashewa # virsh vjunos-sw1 don rufe vJunos-switch. Lokacin da kuka aiwatar da wannan matakin, siginar rufewa da aka aika zuwa misalin vJunos-switch yana ba shi damar rufewa da alheri.
Ana nuna saƙo mai zuwa.
Domain 'vjunos-sw1' yana rufewa

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NOTE: Kada a yi amfani da umarnin "virsh destroy" saboda wannan umarni na iya lalata faifan vJunosswitch VM. Idan VM ɗinku ya daina yin booting bayan amfani da umarnin "virsh halaka", to, ƙirƙirar kwafin faifai QCOW2 na ainihin hoton QCOW2 da aka bayar.

Tabbatar da vJunos-switch VM
Wannan batu yana bayyana yadda ake tabbatar da ko vJunos-switch yana aiki kuma yana gudana. 1. Tabbatar idan vJunos-switch yana aiki.
# lissafin virish

# lissafin virish

Sunan Id

Jiha

—————————-

74 vjunos-sw1 yana gudana

2. Haɗa zuwa serial console na VCP.
Kuna iya nemo tashar jiragen ruwa don haɗi zuwa serial console na VCP daga XML file. Hakanan, zaku iya shiga cikin serial console na VCP ta hanyar "telnet localhost "inda aka ƙayyade portnum a cikin tsarin XML file:

NOTE: Lambar tashar tashar telnet tana buƙatar zama na musamman ga kowane vJunos-switch VM da ke zaune akan sabar mai watsa shiri.

# telnet localhost 8610 Gwada 127.0.0.1… Haɗa zuwa localhost. Halin tserewa shine '^]'. tushen @:~ #
3. Kashe haɓaka hoto ta atomatik.

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Idan baku samar da kowane saitin Junos na farko ba a cikin matakan da ke sama, to, vJunos-switch zai, ta tsohuwa, ƙoƙari zuwa DHCP don saitin hanyar sadarwa ta farko. Idan ba ku da uwar garken DHCP wanda zai iya samar da tsarin Junos, zaku iya samun maimaita saƙonni kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa: “Haɓaka Hoto ta atomatik” Kuna iya kashe waɗannan saƙonni kamar haka:

[edit]] mai amfani @ mai watsa shiri# saitin tushen-tabbatar da kalmar sirri-rubutu-kalmar sirri Sabuwar kalmar sirri: Sake rubuta sabon kalmar sirri: tushen# share chassis auto-image-upgrade [edit] tushen# aikata gama
4. Tabbatar idan ge musaya da aka ƙayyade a cikin vJunos-switch xml file suna sama kuma akwai. Yi amfani da umarnin terse na nunin musaya.
Don misaliample, idan ma'anar vJunos-switch XML file ya ƙayyade NICs biyu na kama-da-wane da aka haɗa zuwa
"ge-000" da "ge-001", sa'an nan ge-0/0/0 da ge-0/0/1 musaya ya kamata su kasance a cikin mahaɗin "up" jihar lokacin da ka tabbatar da amfani da nuni dubawa fitarwa umurnin kamar yadda aka nuna a kasa. .

tushen> nuna musaya terse

Interface

Admin Link Proto

gaba-0/0/0

sama sama

gaba-0/0/0.16386

sama sama

lc-0/0/0

sama sama

lc-0/0/0.32769

zuwa vpls

shafi-0/0/0

sama sama

shafi-0/0/0.16383

up inet

nuni 6

pfh-0/0/0

sama sama

pfh-0/0/0.16383

up inet

pfh-0/0/0.16384

up inet

gaba-0/0/1

sama sama

gaba-0/0/1.16386

sama sama

gaba-0/0/2

sama kasa

gaba-0/0/2.16386

sama kasa

Na gida

Nisa

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ge-0/0/3 ge-0/0/3.16386 [snip]

sama sama sama sama

5. Tabbatar cewa an saita inetrface vnet a ƙarƙashin kowane gada "ge" daidai. Yi amfani da umarnin brctl akan uwar garken mai watsa shiri, bayan kun fara vJunos-switch kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa:

# ip link ƙara ge-000 irin gada

# ip link nuna ge-000

sunan gada id

Matsalolin da aka kunna STP

ge-000

8000.fe54009a419a no

vnet1

# ip link nuna ge-001

sunan gada id

Matsalolin da aka kunna STP

ge-001

8000.fe5400e9f94f no

vnet2

Sanya vJunos-switch akan KVM

TAKAITACCEN
Karanta wannan batu don fahimtar yadda ake saita vJunos-switch a cikin yanayin KVM.

A WANNAN SASHE
Haɗa zuwa vJunos-switch | 19 Sanya Tashoshi Masu Aiki | 20 Interface Sunan | 20 Sanya Media MTU | 21

Haɗa zuwa vJunos-switch
Telnet zuwa serial console lambar da aka ƙayyade a cikin XML file don haɗi zuwa vJunos-switch. Dubi cikakkun bayanai da aka bayar a "Tsaro da Sarrafa vJunos-switch akan KVM" a shafi na 11. Domin exampda:
# telnet localhost 8610

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Ana gwada 127.0.0.1… Haɗa zuwa localhost. Halin tserewa shine '^]'. tushen @:~ # cli tushen>
Hakanan zaka iya SSH zuwa vJunos-switch VCP.
Sanya Tashoshi masu Aiki
Wannan sashe yana bayyana yadda ake saita adadin tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu aiki.
Kuna iya ƙayyade adadin tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu aiki don vJunos-switch don dacewa da adadin NICs da aka ƙara zuwa VFP VM. Matsakaicin adadin tashar jiragen ruwa shine 10, amma zaka iya ƙayyade kowane ƙima a cikin kewayon 1 zuwa 96. Gudun mai amfani @ mai watsa shiri# saita chassis fpc 0 pic 0 lambar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa 96 don tantance adadin tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu aiki. Sanya adadin tashoshin jiragen ruwa a matakin matsayi na [gyara chassis fpc 0 pic 0].
Sunan Interface
VJunos-switch yana goyan bayan mussoshin Gigabit Ethernet (ge) kawai.
Ba za ku iya canza sunan dubawa zuwa 10-Gigabit Ethernet (xe) ko 100-Gigabit Ethernet (et). Idan kun yi ƙoƙarin canza sunan mu'amala, to waɗannan mu'amalar za su kasance suna nunawa a matsayin "ge" lokacin da kuke gudanar da tsarin nunin ko nuna umarnin musaya. Ga wani tsohonampfitar da "show sanyi" umarnin CLI lokacin da masu amfani suka yi ƙoƙarin canza sunan dubawa zuwa "et":
chassis {fpc 0 {pic 0 {## ## Gargaɗi: sanarwa da aka yi watsi da: dandamali mara tallafi (ex9214) ## nau'in interface-et; }

21
} }
Sanya Media MTU
Kuna iya saita matsakaicin naúrar watsa labarai (MTU) a cikin kewayon 256 zuwa 9192. Ana ƙi ƙimar MTU a waje da kewayon da aka ambata a sama. Dole ne ku saita MTU ta haɗa da bayanin MTU a matakin matsayi na [edit interface interface-name]. Sanya MTU.
[edit] mai amfani @ mai watsa shiri# saitin dubawa ge-0/0/0 mtu
NOTE: Matsakaicin goyan bayan ƙimar MTU shine 9192 bytes.
Don misaliampda:
[edit] mai amfani @ mai watsa shiri# saitin dubawa ge-0/0/0 mtu 9192

BABI NA 4
Shirya matsala
Shirya matsala vJunos-switch | 23

23
Shirya matsala vJunos-switch

TAKAITACCEN
Yi amfani da wannan batu don tabbatar da daidaitawar vJunos-switch da kowane bayanin matsala.

A WANNAN SASHE
Tabbatar cewa VM yana Gudu | 23 Tabbatar da Bayanin CPU | 24 View Shiga Files | 25 Tattara Core Dumps | 25

Tabbatar cewa VM yana Gudu
Tabbatar da ko vJunos-switch yana gudana bayan kun shigar da shi.
lissafin virish Umurnin lissafin virish yana nuna suna da yanayin injin kama-da-wane (VM). Jihar na iya zama: Gudu, aiki, dakatarwa, rufewa, faɗuwa, ko mutuwa.

# lissafin virish

Sunan Id

Jiha

—————————

72 vjunos-switch yana gudana

Zaku iya tsayawa ku fara VMs tare da umarni masu zuwa: · rufewar virish – Kashe vJunos-switch. Farawa mara kyau – Fara VM mara aiki wanda kuka ayyana a baya.

NOTE: Kada a yi amfani da umarnin "virsh halaka" saboda hakan zai iya lalata faifan vJunos-switch VM.

24
Idan VM ɗinku ya tsaya kuma baya yin taya bayan amfani da umarnin lalata virsh, sannan ƙirƙirar kwafin faifai QCOW2 mai rai na ainihin hoton QCOW2 da aka bayar.

Tabbatar da Bayanin CPU
Yi amfani da umarnin lscpu akan uwar garken mai masaukin baki don nuna bayanan CPU. Fitowar tana nuna bayanai kamar jimillar adadin CPUs, adadin cores a kowace soket, da adadin kwasfa na CPU. Domin misaliampto, katangar mai zuwa yana nuna bayanan uwar garken uwar garken Ubuntu 20.04 LTS mai goyan bayan jimlar CPUs 32.

tushen @ vjunos-host: ~# lscpu Architecture: CPU op-mode(s): odar Byte: Girman adireshi: CPU(s): Jerin CPU(s) kan layi: Zare(s) kowane core: Core(s) kowane soket: Socket(s): NUMA node: ID mai siyarwa: Iyalin CPU: Model: Sunan samfurin: Mataki: CPU MHz: CPU max MHz: CPU min MHz: BogoMIPS: Virtualization: L1d cache: L1i cache: L2 cache cache L3: NUMA node0 CPU(s):

x86_64 32-bit, 64-bit Ƙaramin Endian 46 na zahiri, 48 bits kama-da-wane 32 0-31 2 8 2 2 GenuineIntel 6 62 Intel(R) Xeon (R) CPU E5-2650 v2 @ 2.60GHz 4 2593.884. 3400.0000 VT -x 1200.0000 KiB 5187.52 KiB 512 MiB 512 MiB 4-40-0

25

NUMA node1 CPU(s): [snip]

8-15,24-31

View Shiga Files
View tsarin rajistan ayyukan ta amfani da umarnin log log akan misalin vJunos-switch.
tushen> nuna log? Tushen> nuni log? umarnin yana nuna jerin log files samuwa ga viewcikin. Don tsohonample, zo view rajistan ayyukan chassis daemon (chassisd) suna gudanar da tushen> nuna umarnin chassisd log.
Tattara Core Dumps
Yi amfani da umarnin tsarin dumps don view jigon da aka tattara file. Kuna iya canja wurin waɗannan jujjuyawar asali zuwa uwar garken waje don bincike ta hanyar sarrafa fxp0 akan vJunos-switch.

Takardu / Albarkatu

Juniper NETWORKS KVM vJunos Canja Aiki [pdf] Jagorar mai amfani KVM vJunos Canja Wuta, KVM, vJunos Canjawar Canjawa, Canjawar Aiki, Ƙaddamarwa

Magana

• Manual mai amfani