KVM vJunos Shintsha Ukuthunyelwa
Imininingwane
- Umkhiqizo: vJunos-switch
- Umhlahlandlela Wokuthunyelwa: KVM
- Unjiniyela: Juniper Networks, Inc.
- Usuku Lokushicilela: 2023-11-20
- Webindawo: https://www.juniper.net
Ulwazi Lomkhiqizo
Mayelana nalo mhlahlandlela
I-vJunos-switch Deployment Guide inikeza imiyalelo kanye
ulwazi lokuphakela nokuphatha i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM
imvelo. Ihlanganisa izihloko ezinjengokuqonda isiphethoview of
vJunos-switch, hardware kanye nesoftware izidingo, ukufakwa kanye
ukusatshalaliswa, nokuxazulula izinkinga.
vJunos-switch Overview
I-vJunos-switch iyingxenye yesofthiwe engafakwa
kuseva ye-x86 ejwayelekile yemboni esebenzisa i-Linux KVM hypervisor
(Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, or Debian 11 Bullseye). Ihlinzeka
Amakhono okuxhumana okubonakalayo futhi yakhelwe ukunikeza
ukuguquguquka nokunwebeka ekusetshenzisweni kwenethiwekhi.
Izici Eziyinhloko Zisekelwe
- Amakhono okuxhumana enziwe ngendlela ebonakalayo
- Usekelo lwamaseva we-x86 ajwayelekile embonini
- Ukuhambisana ne-Linux KVM hypervisor
- Ikhono lokufaka i-vJunos-switch izikhathi eziningi kokukodwa
iseva
Izinzuzo kanye nokusetshenziswa
I-vJunos-switch inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ku
izimo ezihlukahlukene:
- Inika amandla ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ebonakalayo
- Yehlisa izindleko zehadiwe ngokusebenzisa imboni-standard
amaseva - Inikeza ukuguquguquka nokunwebeka kunethiwekhi
ukuthunyelwa - Yenza lula ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi nokumisa
Ukulinganiselwa
Ngenkathi i-vJunos-switch iyisisombululo esinamandla senethiwekhi, yona
inemikhawulo ethile okufanele icatshangelwe:
- Ukuhambisana kukhawulelwe ku-Linux KVM hypervisor
- Idinga amaseva e-x86 ajwayelekile ukuze afakwe
- Kuncike emandleni nasezinsizeni zesisekelo
ihadiwe hardware
vJunos-switch Architecture
I-vJunos-switch architecture yakhelwe ukuhlinzeka a
i-virtualized networking environment ku-hypervisor ye-KVM. Isebenzisa
izinsiza namandla weseva ye-x86 engaphansi
hardware ukuletha izinsiza zenethiwekhi ezisebenza kahle.
Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo
Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nezidingo zeSoftware
Ukuze usebenzise ngempumelelo i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM, qinisekisa ukuthi eyakho
isistimu ihlangabezana nezidingo ezincane ezilandelayo:
- Iseva ye-x86 ejwayelekile yemboni
- I-Linux KVM hypervisor (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, noma i-Debian 11
Bullseye) - Isofthiwe yenkampani yangaphandle esebenzayo (uyazikhethela)
Faka futhi Sebenzisa i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM
Faka i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM
Landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze ufake i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM
imvelo:
- Lungiselela Amaseva Wokusingatha we-Linux ukufaka i-vJunos-switch.
- Sebenzisa futhi Uphathe i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM.
- Setha i-vJunos-switch Deployment Kuseva Yokusingatha.
- Qinisekisa i-vJunos-switch VM.
- Lungiselela i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM.
- Xhuma ku-vJunos-switch.
- Lungiselela Izimbobo Ezisebenzayo.
- Ukuqamba Isixhumi esibonakalayo.
- Lungiselela i-Media MTU.
Xazulula inkinga vJunos-switch
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga nge-vJunos-switch, ungalandela
lezi zinyathelo zokuxazulula inkinga:
- Qinisekisa ukuthi i-VM iyasebenza.
- Qinisekisa Ulwazi lwe-CPU.
- View Ilogi Files.
- Qoqa Ama-Core Dumps.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
Mayelana Nomkhiqizo
Ingabe i-vJunos-switch iyahambisana nawo wonke ama-hypervisors?
Cha, i-vJunos-switch yakhelwe ngokukhethekile i-Linux KVM
i-hypervisor.
Ngingakwazi ukufaka izimo eziningi ze-vJunos-switch kokukodwa
iseva?
Yebo, ungafaka izikhathi eziningi ze-vJunos-switch ku-a
iseva eyodwa yemboni ye-x86.
Ukufakwa kanye Nokusatshalaliswa
Yiziphi izimfuneko eziyisisekelo zehadiwe nesofthiwe
vJunos-switch on KVM?
Izidingo ezincane zifaka iseva ye-x86 esezingeni lomkhakha
kanye ne-Linux KVM hypervisor (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04, 22.04, noma i-Debian
11 Bullseye). Isofthiwe esebenzayo yenkampani yangaphandle ingaba
efakiwe, kodwa uyazikhethela.
Ngixhuma kanjani ku-vJunos-switch ngemva kokufakwa?
Ungakwazi ukuxhuma ku-vJunos-switch ngokulandela okunikeziwe
imiyalelo kumhlahlandlela wokufaka.
Ukuxazulula inkinga
Ngingalutholaphi ugodo files ye-vJunos-switch?
Ingodo ye-log files ye-vJunos-switch ingatholakala kokucacisiwe
uhla lwemibhalo kuseva yesikhungo. Bheka esigabeni sokuxazulula inkinga
yomhlahlandlela wokuthunyelwa ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
I-vJunos-switch Deployment Guide ye-KVM
Ishicilelwe
2023-11-20
ii
Juniper Networks, Inc. 1133 Innovation Way Sunnyvale, California 94089 USA 408-745-2000 www.juniper.net
I-Juniper Networks, ilogo ye-Juniper Networks, i-Juniper, ne-Junos yizimpawu zokuthengisa ezibhalisiwe ze-Juniper Networks, Inc. e-United States nakwamanye amazwe. Zonke ezinye izimpawu zokuthengisa, izimpawu zesevisi, amamaki abhalisiwe, noma izimpawu zesevisi ezibhalisiwe ziyimpahla yabanikazi bazo.
IJuniper Networks ayinaso isibopho sanoma yikuphi ukungalungi kulo mbhalo. I-Juniper Networks igodla ilungelo lokushintsha, ukulungisa, ukudlulisa, noma ukubuyekeza lokhu kushicilelwa ngaphandle kwesaziso.
I-vJunos-switch Deployment Guide ye-KVM Copyright © 2023 Juniper Networks, Inc. Wonke amalungelo agodliwe.
Ulwazi olukule dokhumenti olwamanje kusukela ngosuku osekhasini lesihloko.
UNYAKA KA-2000 ISAZISO
I-Juniper Networks hardware nemikhiqizo yesofthiwe ihambisana noNyaka ka-2000. I-Junos OS ayinakho ukulinganiselwa okuhlobene nesikhathi okwaziwayo ngonyaka ka-2038. Nokho, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-NTP lwaziwa ngokuba nobunzima obuthile ngonyaka ka-2036.
QEDA ISIVUMELWANO SELAYISENSI YOMSEBENZISI
Umkhiqizo weJuniper Networks okuyisihloko salo mbhalo wobuchwepheshe uqukethe (noma ohloselwe ukusetshenziswa) nesoftware yeJuniper Networks. Ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe enjalo kungaphansi kwemigomo nemibandela Yesivumelwano Selayisense Yomsebenzisi Wokugcina (“EULA”) esithunyelwe kokuthi https://support.juniper.net/support/eula/. Ngokulanda, ukufaka noma ukusebenzisa isofthiwe enjalo, uyavumelana nemigomo nemibandela yaleyo EULA.
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Okuqukethwe
Mayelana Nalo Mhlahlandlela | v
1
Qonda i-vJunos-switch
vJunos-switch Overview | 2
Kuphelileview | 2
Izici Eziyinhloko Zisekelwe | 3
Izinzuzo Nokusetshenziswa | 3
Imikhawulo | 4
vJunos-switch Architecture | 4
2
I-Hardware ne-Software Izidingo vJunos-switch on KVM
Ubuncane bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kanye nezidingo zesoftware | 8
3
Faka futhi Sebenzisa i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM
Faka i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM | 11
Lungiselela Amaseva Wokusingatha we-Linux ukufaka i-vJunos-switch | 11
Sebenzisa futhi Uphathe i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM | 11 Setha Ukuthunyelwa Kwe-vJunos-switch Kuseva Yosokhaya | 12
Qinisekisa i-vJunos-switch VM | 17
Lungiselela i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM | 19 Xhuma ku-vJunos-switch | 19
Lungiselela Izimbobo Ezisebenzayo | 20
Ukuqanjwa Kwesixhumanisi | 20
Lungiselela i-Media MTU | 21
4
Xazulula inkinga
Xazulula inkinga vJunos-switch | 23
Qinisekisa Ukuthi i-VM Iyasebenza | 23
iv
Qinisekisa Ulwazi lwe-CPU | 24 View Ilogi Files | 25 Qoqa Okulahlwayo Okuwumongo | 25
v
Mayelana nalo mhlahlandlela
Sebenzisa lo mhlahlandlela ukufaka i-virtual Junos-switch (vJunos-switch). I-vJunos-switch inguqulo ebonakalayo ye-Junos-based EX switching platform. Imele ukushintshwa kweJuniper esebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Junos® (Junos OS) endaweni yomshini we-kernel-based virtual (KVM). I-vJunos-switch isekelwe ekwakhiweni kwesidleke seJuniper Networks® vMX Virtual Router (vMX). Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa nezinqubo eziyisisekelo zokucushwa kwe-vJunos-switch kanye nokuphatha. Ngemva kokufaka nokumisa i-vJunos-switch njengoba kuvezwe kulo mhlahlandlela, bheka imibhalo ye-Junos OS ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nokucushwa kwesofthiwe eyengeziwe.
AMADOKHUMENTI OKUPHATHELENE I-Junos OS Yombhalo Wochungechunge Lwe-EX
1 ISAHLUKO
Qonda i-vJunos-switch
vJunos-switch Overview | 2 vJunos-switch Architecture | 4
2
vJunos-switch Overview
ISIFINYEZO
Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngokudlula, izici ezibalulekile ezisekelwayo, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo ye-vJunosswitch.
KULESI SIGABA
Kuphelileview | 2 Izici Ezibalulekile Zisekelwe | 3 Izinzuzo Nokusetshenziswa | 3 Imikhawulo | 4
Kuphelileview
KULESI sigaba vJunos-switch Installation Overview | 3
Funda lesi sihloko ukuze uthole okwengeziweview kwe-vJunos-switch. I-vJunos-switch inguqulo ebonakalayo ye-Juniper switch esebenzisa i-Junos OS. Ungakwazi ukufaka i-vJunos-switch njengomshini obonakalayo (VM) kuseva ye-x86. Ungamisa futhi uphathe i-vJunos-switch ngendlela efanayo njengoba uphatha ukushintshwa komzimba. I-vJunos-switch ingumshini owodwa we-virtual (VM) ongawusebenzisa kumalebhu kuphela hhayi endaweni yokukhiqiza. I-vJunos-switch yakhiwe kusetshenziswa i-EX9214 njengereferensi ye-Juniper switch futhi isekela i-Routing Engine eyodwa kanye ne-Flexible PIC Concentrator (FPC) eyodwa. I-vJunos-switch isekela umkhawulokudonsa ongafika ku-100 Mbps ohlanganiswe kuzo zonke izixhumanisi. Awudingi ukuthenga ilayisense yomkhawulokudonsa ukuze usebenzise i-vJunos-switch. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amaswishi ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, ungasebenzisa i-vJunos-switch ukuze uqale isofthiwe ye-Junos yokuhlola ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nezivumelwano.
3
vJunos-switch Ukufakwa Kuphelileview
Ungakwazi ukufaka izingxenye zesofthiwe ye-vJunos-switch kuseva ye-x86 ejwayelekile yemboni esebenzisa i-Linux KVM hypervisor (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04, 22.04 noma i-Debian 11 Bullseye). Kumaseva asebenzisa i-hypervisor ye-KVM, ungaphinda usebenzise isoftware yomuntu wesithathu esebenzayo. Ungafaka izikhathi eziningi ze-vJunos-switch kuseva eyodwa.
Izici Eziyinhloko Zisekelwe
Lesi sihloko sikunikeza uhlu nemininingwane yezici ezibalulekile ezisekelwayo neziqinisekiswa ku-vJunos-switch. Ukuze uthole imininingwane mayelana nokucushwa kwalezi zici bheka imihlahlandlela yezici kokuthi: Imihlahlandlela Yomsebenzisi. I-vJunos-switch isekela izici ezibalulekile ezilandelayo: · Isekela izixhumi ezibonakalayo zamaswishi ezingafinyelela kwezingu-96 · Ingalingisa isikhungo sedatha sokumbozwa kwe-IP kanye nezihloko ezimbondelanayo. · Isekela ukusebenza kweqabunga le-EVPN-VXLAN · Isekela i-Edge-Routed Bridging (ERB) · Isekela i-EVPN LAG multihoming ku-EVPN-VXLAN (ESI-LAG)
Izinzuzo kanye nokusetshenziswa
Izinzuzo kanye nezimo zokusebenzisa ze-vJunos-switch kumaseva ajwayelekile e-x86 zimi kanje: · Izindleko ezinkulu ezincishisiwe (CapEx) elebhu–I-vJunos-switch iyatholakala mahhala ukuze kwakhiwe amalebhu okuhlola
ukunciphisa izindleko ezihlobene nokushintsha ngokomzimba. · Isikhathi esincishisiwe sokuphakelwa-Ungasebenzisa i-vJunos-switch ukuze wakhe futhi uhlole ama-topology cishe
ngaphandle kokwakha amalebhu angokwenyama abizayo. Amalebhu abonakalayo angakhiwa khona manjalo. Ngenxa yalokho, ungakwazi ukunciphisa izindleko nokubambezeleka okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwehadiwe ebonakalayo. · Khipha isidingo nesikhathi sehardware yelebhu—I-vJunos-switch ikusiza ukuthi ususe isikhathi sokulinda sezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha zaselabhu ukuthi zifike ngemva kokuthenga. I-vJunos-switch iyatholakala mahhala futhi ingalandwa khona manjalo. · Imfundo nokuqeqeshwa–Ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe amalebhu ezinsiza zokufunda nezemfundo zabasebenzi bakho.
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· Ubufakazi bomqondo nokuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa-Ungaqinisekisa ama-topology ahlukahlukene esikhungo sedatha, ukulungiselelwa kokwakhiwa kwangaphambiliamples, futhi ulungise okuzenzakalelayo.
Ukulinganiselwa
I-vJunos-switch inemikhawulo elandelayo: · Inenjini yomzila eyodwa kanye nesakhiwo esisodwa se-FPC. · Ayisekeli ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe engaphakathi kwesevisi (ISSU). · Ayisekeli okunamathiselwe noma ukuhlukaniswa kwezixhumi ezibonakalayo lapho isebenza. · I-SR-IOV yamakesi okusebenzisa i-vJunos-switch kanye nokuphumayo akusekelwe. · Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esidleke, i-vJunos-switch ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kunoma yikuphi ukuthunyelwa okwethula
izimo ezivela ngaphakathi kwe-VM. · Isekela umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu we-100 Mbps kuzo zonke izixhumanisi.
QAPHELA: Amalayisense omkhawulokudonsa awanikeziwe ngoba asikho isidingo selayisensi yomkhawulokudonsa. Umlayezo wokuhlola ilayisensi ungase uqhamuke. Ziba imilayezo yokuhlola ilayisensi.
· Awukwazi ukuthuthukisa i-Junos OS ohlelweni olusebenzayo. Kunalokho, kufanele usebenzise isenzakalo esisha ngesofthiwe entsha.
· Ukusakaza okuningi akusekelwe.
IMIBHALO EHLOBANE Ubuncane bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha Nezidingo Zesofthiwe | 8
vJunos-switch Architecture
I-vJunos-switch iyisixazululo se-VM esisodwa, esifakwe esidlekeni lapho indiza yokudlulisa i-virtual (VFP) kanye ne-Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) zihlala ku-VM yangaphandle. Uma uqala i-vJunos-switch, i-VFP
5 iqala i-VM efakwe esidlekeni esebenzisa isithombe se-Junos Virtual Control Plane (VCP). I-KVM hypervisor isetshenziselwa ukuphakela i-VCP. Igama elithi “i-nested” libhekisela ku-VCP VM ebekwe ngaphakathi kwe-VFP VM, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1 ekhasini 5. I-vJunos-switch ingasekela kufikela ku-100 Mbps we-throughput isebenzisa ama-cores angu-4 kanye no-5GB wememori. Noma yimaphi ama-cores angeziwe nememori emisiwe inikezwa i-VCP. I-VFP ayidingi inkumbulo eyengeziwe ngaphandle kokusekelwa okuncane okusekelwe. Ama-cores angu-4 kanye nememori engu-5GB yanele ezimweni zokusetshenziswa ngelebhu. Umfanekiso 1: vJunos-switch Architecture
I-vJunos-switch architecture ihlelwe ngokwezigaba: · I-vJunos-switch isezingeni eliphezulu. · I-hypervisor ye-KVM kanye nesofthiwe yesistimu ehlobene echazwe esigabeni sezidingo zesofthiwe
ziphakathi nendawo. · Iseva ye-x86 ikusendlalelo esibonakalayo ngezansi.
6
Ukuqonda lesi sakhiwo kungakusiza ukuthi uhlele ukucushwa kwakho kwe-vJunos-switch. Ngemva kokudala isibonelo se-vJunos-Switch, ungasebenzisa i-Junos OS CLI ukuze ulungiselele izixhumanisi ze-vJunosswitch ku-VCP. I-vJunos-switch isekela ukuxhumana kwe-Gigabit Ethernet kuphela.
2 ISAHLUKO
I-Hardware ne-Software Izidingo vJunos-switch on KVM
Ubuncane bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kanye nezidingo zesoftware | 8
8
Ubuncane bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nezidingo zeSofthiwe
Lesi sihloko sikunikeza uhlu lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kanye nezidingo zesofthiwe ukuze uqale isibonelo se-vJunos-switch. Ithebula 1 ekhasini 8 libala izimfuneko zehadiwe ze-vJunos-switch. Ithebula 1: Izidingo Ezincane Zezingxenyekazi Zekhompuyutha ze-vJunos-switch
Incazelo
Inani
Sample ukucushwa kwesistimu
Ngokulingisa ngelebhu nokusebenza okuphansi (ngaphansi kuka-100 Mbps) amakesi okusebenzisa, noma iyiphi iphrosesa ye-Intel x86 enekhono le-VT-x.
Intel Ivy Bridge processors noma kamuva.
Example ye-Ivy Bridge processor: Intel Xeon E5-2667 v2 @ 3.30 GHz 25 MB inqolobane
Inombolo yama-cores
Kudingeka okungenani ama-cores amane. Isofthiwe yabela ama-cores amathathu ku-VFP kanye nomongo owodwa ku-VCP, okwanele ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa.
Noma yimaphi ama-cores engeziwe azonikezwa i-VCP njengoba ama-cores amathathu anele ukusekela izidingo zendiza yedatha ye-VFP.
Inkumbulo
Kudingeka inkumbulo encane engu-5GB. Imemori elinganiselwa ku-3GB izokwabelwa i-VFP kanye no-2 GB ku-VCP. Uma ngaphezu kwe-6 GB yengqikithi yememori inikeziwe, imemori ye-VFP ifakwe ku-4GB, futhi imemori eyengeziwe yabelwe i-VCP.
Ezinye izidingo · Ikhono le-Intel VT-x. · I-Hyperthreading (kunconyiwe) · AES-NI
Ithebula 2 ekhasini 9 libala izidingo zesofthiwe ye-vJunos-switch.
9
Ithebula 2: Izidingo Zesoftware ku-Ubuntu
Incazelo
Inani
Isistimu esebenzayo
QAPHELA: Ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kwesiNgisi kuphela okusekelwayo.
· Ubuntu 22.04 LTS · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS · Ubuntu 18.04 LTS · Debian 11 Bullseye
I-Virtualization
· QEMU-KVM
Inguqulo ezenzakalelayo yenguqulo ngayinye ye-Ubuntu noma ye-Debian yanele. I-apt-get install qemu-kvm ifaka le nguqulo ezenzakalelayo.
Amaphakheji adingekayo
QAPHELA: Sebenzisa igama le-apt-get install pkg noma i-sudo apt-get install iyala ukufaka iphakheji.
· qemu-kvm virt-manager · libvirt-daemon-system · virtinst libvirt-clients bridge-utils
Izindawo Zokuphakelwa Ezisekelwe
I-QEMU-KVM isebenzisa i-libvirt
Futhi, ukuthunyelwa kwensimbi okungenalutho kwe-EVE-NG kuyasekelwa.
Qaphela: i-vJunos-switch ayisekelwe ku-EVE-NG nanoma yikuphi okunye ukusetshenziswa okwethula i-vJunos kusuka ngaphakathi kwe-VM ngenxa yemikhawulo yokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo ezifakwe esidlekeni ezijulile.
vJunos-switch Images
Izithombe zingafinyelelwa endaweni yokulanda elebhu ye-juniper.net kokuthi: Test Drive Juniper
3 ISAHLUKO
Faka futhi Sebenzisa i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM
Faka i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM | 11 Sebenzisa futhi Uphathe i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM | 11 Lungiselela i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM | 19
11
Faka i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM
ISIFINYEZO
Funda lesi sihloko ukuze uqonde indlela yokufaka i-vJunos-switch endaweni ye-KVM.
KULESI SIGABA
Lungiselela Amaseva Wokusingatha we-Linux ukufaka i-vJunos-switch | 11
Lungiselela Amaseva Wokusingatha we-Linux ukufaka i-vJunos-switch
Lesi sigaba sisebenza kuzo zombili iziphakeli ze-Ubuntu kanye ne-Debian host. 1. Faka izinguqulo zephakheji ezijwayelekile zeseva yakho ye-Ubuntu noma i-Debian host ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-
amaseva ahlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zehadiwe nesofthiwe. 2. Qinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-Intel VT-x buvuliwe. Qalisa umyalo we-lscpu kuseva yakho yokusingatha.
Inkambu ye-Virtualization ekuphumeni komyalo we-lscpu ibonisa i-VT-x, uma i-VT-x inikwe amandla. Uma i-VT-x ingavunyelwe, bheka imibhalo yeseva yakho ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayivula kanjani ku-BIOS.
Sebenzisa futhi Uphathe i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM
ISIFINYEZO
Funda lesi sihloko ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungasifaka kanjani futhi usiphathe kanjani isibonelo se-vJunos-switch ngemva kokusifaka.
KULESI SIGABA
Setha Ukuthunyelwa kwe-vJunos-switch Kuseva Yokusingatha | 12 Qinisekisa i-vJunos-switch VM | 17
Lesi sihloko sichaza: · Indlela yokuletha i-vJunos-switch kumaseva we-KVM usebenzisa i-libvirt.
· Ungakhetha kanjani inani le-CPU nenkumbulo, setha amabhuloho adingekayo ukuze uxhumeke, futhi ulungiselele imbobo ye-serial.
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· Isetshenziswa kanjani i-XML efanele file izigaba zokucushwa nokukhetha okubalwe ngaphambilini.
QAPHELA: Landa i-sampnge XML file kanye nesithombe se-vJunos-switch esivela kuJuniper webindawo.
Setha i-vJunos-switch Deployment Kuseva Yokusingatha
Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi ungasetha kanjani ukuthunyelwa kwe-vJunos-switch kuseva yomsingathi.
QAPHELA: Lesi sihloko sigqamisa kuphela izigaba ezimbalwa ze-XML file ezisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-vJunosswitch ngokusebenzisa i-libvirt. I-XML yonke file I-vjunos.xml iyatholakala ukuze ilandwe kanye nesithombe se-VM kanye nemibhalo ehlobene ekhasini le-vJunos Lab Software Downloads.
Faka amaphakheji ashiwo esigabeni Sezidingo Ezincane Zesofthiwe, uma amaphakheji engakafakiwe. Bheka “Izimfuneko Ezincane Zezingxenyekazi Zekhompuyutha Nezimfuneko Zesofthiwe” ekhasini 8 1. Dala ibhuloho le-Linux ku-interface ngayinye ye-Gigabit Ethernet ye-vJunos-switch ohlela ukuyisebenzisa.
# isixhumanisi se-ip engeza ibhuloho lohlobo lwe-ge-000 # isixhumanisi se-ip engeza ibhuloho lohlobo lwe-ge-001 Kulesi simo, isibonelo sizoba no-ge-0/0/0 kanye ne-ge-0/0/1 elungiselelwe. 2. Letha ibhuloho ngalinye le-Linux. isixhumanisi se-ip setha isixhumanisi se-ge-000 phezulu se-ip setha i-ge-001 phezulu 3. Yenza ikhophi yediski ebukhoma yesithombe esinikeziwe se-QCOW2 vJunos. # cd /root # cp vjunos-switch-23.1R1.8.qcow2 vjunos-sw1-live.qcow2 Yenza ikhophi ehlukile ye-vJuno ngayinye ohlela ukuyiphakela. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi awenzi izinguquko ezingunaphakade esithombeni sokuqala. Isithombe esibukhoma kufanele futhi sibhalwe ngumsebenzisi osebenzisa i-vJunos-switch–ngokuvamile umsebenzisi oyimpande. 4. Cacisa inani lama-cores anikezwe i-vJunos ngokulungisa isigaba esilandelayo.
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Isigaba esilandelayo sicacisa inani lama-cores anikezwe i-vJunos. Ama-cores amancane adingekayo angama-4 futhi anele amacala okusetshenziswa kwelebhu.
x86_64 IvyBridge iqemu4
Inombolo emisiwe yama-cores adingekayo ngu-4 futhi yanele izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Lena ubuncane be-CPU obusekelwe ku-vJunos-switch. Ungashiya imodeli ye-CPU njenge-IvyBridge. Isizukulwane sakamuva se-Intel CPUs sizosebenza nalesi silungiselelo. 5. Nyusa inkumbulo uma kudingeka ngokulungisa isigaba esilandelayo.
i-vjunos-sw1 5242880 5242880 4
I-ex elandelayoampi-le ibonisa imemori ezenzakalelayo edingwa i-vJunos-switch. Imemori emisiwe yanele ezinhlelweni eziningi. Ungakwazi ukwandisa inani uma kudingeka. Iphinde ibonise igama le-vJunos-switch ethize ekhishwayo, okuyi-vjunos-sw1 kulokhu. 6. Cacisa igama nendawo yesithombe sakho se-vJunos-switch ngokulungisa i-XML file njengoba kuboniswe esihlokweni esilandelayoample.
<disk device=”disk” type=”file"> file=”/root/vjunos-sw1-live.qcow2″/>
Kufanele unikeze i-vJunos VM ngayinye kumsingathi ngesithombe sayo esiqanjwe ngokukhethekile nge-QCOW2. Lokhu kuyadingeka ku-libvirt ne-QEMU-KVM.
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7. Dala isithombe sediski. # ./make-config.sh I-vJunos-switch yamukela ukucushwa kokuqala ngokuxhuma idiski yesibili kusibonelo se-VM esiqukethe ukucushwa. Sebenzisa umbhalo onikeziwe othi make-config.sh ukuze udale isithombe sediski. I-XML file ibhekisela kule drayivu yokumisa njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi:
<disk device=”disk” type=”file"> file=”/root/config.qcow2″/>
QAPHELA: Uma ungathandi ukumisa kwasekuqaleni, susa lesi sigaba esingenhla ku-XML file.
8. Setha imbobo ye-Ethernet yokuphatha.
Lesi example ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume ku-VCP “fxp0” okuyimbobo yokuphatha evela ngaphandle kweseva yomsingathi lapho i-vJunos-switch ihlala khona. Udinga ukuba nekheli le-IP elilungisekayo elilungiselwe i-fxp0, kungaba ngeseva ye-DHCP noma kusetshenziswa ukucushwa okujwayelekile kwe-CLI. I-“eth0” kustanza esingezansi ibhekisele kusixhumi esibonakalayo seseva yomsingathi ehlinzeka ngoxhumo emhlabeni wangaphandle futhi okufanele ifane negama lalesi sikhombimsebenzisi kuseva yakho yokusingatha. Uma ungasebenzisi i-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), lapho-ke, ngemva kokuthi i-vJunos-switch ivuliwe futhi iyasebenza, thumela i-telnet kukhonsoli yayo futhi ulungise ikheli le-IP le-“fxp0″ usebenzisa ukucushwa kwe-CLI njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi:
15
QAPHELA: Ukucupha okungezansi kungama-examples noma sample amazwibela wokucushwa. Kungase kudingeke futhi ukuthi usethe ukucushwa komzila omile.
# setha ukuxhumana kwe-fxp0 iyunithi 0 ikheli le-inet yomndeni 10.92.249.111/23 # setha i-routing-options umzila omile 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 10.92.249.254 9. Nika amandla i-SSH embotsheni yokuphatha ye-VCP. # setha izinsiza zesistimu ssh-root-login vumela umyalo. 10. Dala ibhuloho le-Linux lembobo ngayinye oyicacisayo ku-XML file.
Amagama echweba acacisiwe esigabeni esilandelayo. Umgomo we-vJunos-switch ukusebenzisa i-ge-0xy lapho u-“xy” ecacisa inombolo yembobo yangempela. Esihlokweni esilandelayoampi-le, i-ge-000 kanye ne-ge-001 izinombolo zembobo. Lezi zinombolo zembobo zizoqondana ne-Junos ge-0/0/0 kanye ne-ge-0/0/1 ngokulandelana. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, udinga ukwakha ibhuloho le-Linux lembobo ngayinye oyicacisayo ku-XML file. 11. Nikeza ngenombolo yembobo ye-serial console ye-vJunos-switch ngayinye kuseva yakho yokusingatha. Esihlokweni esilandelayoample, inombolo yembobo ye-serial console eyingqayizivele ithi "8610".
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Ungashintshi lesi sigaba se-smbios esilandelayo. Itshela i-vJunos ukuthi i-vJunos-switch.
12. Dala i-vJunos-sw1 VM usebenzisa i-vJunos-sw1.xml file. # virsh dala i-vjunos-sw1.xml
Igama elithi “sw1” lisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukuthi lena i-vJunos-switch VM yokuqala efakwayo. Ama-VM alandelayo angaqanjwa ngokuthi vjunos-sw2, kanye vjunos-sw3 njalonjalo.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-VM iyadalwa futhi umlayezo olandelayo uyaboniswa:
Isizinda i-vjunos-sw1 sidalwe kusuka ku-vjunos-sw1.xml 13. Hlola /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf futhi uyeke ukubeka amazwana emigqeni elandelayo ye-XML uma ngabe le migqa
waphawula. Abanye exampamanani amancane avumelekile anikezwe ngezansi. Susa amazwana emigqeni eshiwo.
#
user = “qemu” # Umsebenzisi oqanjwe “qemu”
#
umsebenzisi = “+0” # Umsebenzisi omkhulu (uid=0)
#
umsebenzisi = “100” # Umsebenzisi oqanjwe “100” noma umsebenzisi one-uid=100#user = “root”
<<
khulula lo mugqa
#
#group = "impande" <<< susa amazwana kulo mugqa
14. Qala kabusha i-libvirtd bese udala i-vJunos-switch VM futhi. # systemctl qala kabusha i-libvirtd
15. Vala i-vJunos-switch efakwe Kuseva Yokusingatha ngokuphephile (uma kudingeka). Sebenzisa umyalo we-# virsh shutdown vjunos-sw1 ukuze uvale i-vJunos-switch. Uma wenza lesi sinyathelo, isignali yokuvala shaqa ethunyelwe kusibonelo se-vJunos-switch siyivumela ukuthi ivale shaqa kahle.
Umlayezo olandelayo uyavezwa.
Isizinda esithi 'vjunos-sw1' siyavalwa
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QAPHELA: Ungasebenzisi umyalo othi “virsh destroy” njengoba lo myalo ungonakalisa idiski ye-vJunosswitch VM. Uma i-VM yakho iyeka ukuqala ngemva kokusebenzisa umyalo othi “virsh destroy”, dala ikhophi yediski ye-QCOW2 ebukhoma yesithombe soqobo se-QCOW2 esinikeziwe.
Qinisekisa i-vJunos-switch VM
Lesi sihloko sichaza indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-vJunos-switch iyasebenza futhi. 1. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-vJunos-switch iyasebenza futhi.
# uhlu lwama-virsh
# uhlu lwama-virsh
I-ID Igama
Izwe
——————————-
74 vjunos-sw1 egijima
2. Xhuma ku-serial console ye-VCP.
Ungathola imbobo yokuxhuma kukhonsoli ye-serial ye-VCP kusukela ku-XML file. Futhi, ungangena ngemvume ku-serial console ye-VCP ngokusebenzisa i-“telnet localhost ” lapho i-portnum icaciswe khona ekucushweni kwe-XML file:
QAPHELA: Inombolo yembobo ye-telnet idinga ukuba ihluke ku-vJunos-switch VM ngayinye ehlala kuseva yomsingathi.
# telnet localhost 8610 Izama 127.0.0.1… Ixhumeke kuhosti wasendaweni. Uhlamvu lwe-Escape luthi '^]'. impande@:~ #
3. Khubaza ukuthuthukiswa kwesithombe esizenzakalelayo.
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Uma ungazange unikeze noma yikuphi ukucushwa kwe-Junos kokuqala ezinyathelweni ezingenhla, i-vJunos-switch, ngokuzenzakalelayo, izozama i-DHCP ekusetheni inethiwekhi kokuqala. Uma ungenayo iseva ye-DHCP enganikezela ngokucushwa kwe-Junos, ungathola imilayezo ephindaphindiwe njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi: “Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesithombe Okuzenzakalelayo” Ungakwazi ukukhubaza le milayezo ngendlela elandelayo:
4. Qinisekisa ukuthi izixhumanisi ze-ge ezicaciswe ku-vJunos-switch xml yakho file ziphezulu futhi ziyatholakala. Sebenzisa i-show interfaces terse umyalo.
Okwesiboneloample, uma i-vJunos-switch XML definition file icacisa ama-NIC amabili axhunywe kuwo
I-“ge-000” kanye ne-“ge-001”, bese i-ge-0/0/0 ne-ge-0/0/1 i-interface kufanele ibe kusimo sesixhumanisi “phezulu” lapho uqinisekisa usebenzisa umyalo wokuphumayo wesixhumi esibonakalayo njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi. .
impande> show interfaces terse
Isixhumi esibonakalayo
Admin Link Proto
ge-0/0/0
phezulu
ge-0/0/0.16386
phezulu
lc-0/0/0
phezulu
lc-0/0/0.32769
phezulu vpls
pfe-0/0/0
phezulu
pfe-0/0/0.16383
phezulu inet
inet6
pfh-0/0/0
phezulu
pfh-0/0/0.16383
phezulu inet
pfh-0/0/0.16384
phezulu inet
ge-0/0/1
phezulu
ge-0/0/1.16386
phezulu
ge-0/0/2
phezulu phansi
ge-0/0/2.16386
phezulu phansi
Indawo
Isilawuli kude
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ge-0/0/3 ge-0/0/3.16386 [snip]
phezulu phansi phezulu phansi
5. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-inetrface ye-vnet ngaphansi kwebhuloho elithi “ge” ngalinye elihambisanayo imisiwe. Sebenzisa umyalo we-brctl kuseva yokusingatha, ngemva kokuqala i-vJunos-switch njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi:
# isixhumanisi se-ip engeza ibhuloho lohlobo lwe-ge-000
# isixhumanisi se-ip sibonisa i-ge-000
Igama lebhuloho ubunikazi bebhuloho
Izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezinikwe amandla ze-STP
ge-000
8000.fe54009a419a no
vnet1
# isixhumanisi se-ip sibonisa i-ge-001
Igama lebhuloho ubunikazi bebhuloho
Izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezinikwe amandla ze-STP
ge-001
8000.fe5400e9f94f no
vnet2
Lungiselela i-vJunos-switch ku-KVM
ISIFINYEZO
Funda lesi sihloko ukuze uqonde indlela yokumisa i-vJunos-switch endaweni ye-KVM.
KULESI SIGABA
Xhuma ku-vJunos-switch | 19 Lungiselela Izimbobo Ezisebenzayo | 20 Ukuqanjwa Kwe-interface | 20 Lungiselela i-Media MTU | 21
Xhuma ku-vJunos-switch
I-Telnet kunombolo ye-serial console ecaciswe ku-XML file ukuze uxhume ku-vJunos-switch. Bona imininingwane enikezwe kokuthi “Deploy and Manage vJunos-switch on KVM” ekhasini 11. Okwesiboneloample:
# telnet localhost 8610
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Izama 127.0.0.1… Ixhumeke kumsingathi wasendaweni. Uhlamvu lwe-Escape luthi '^]'. impande @:~ # chofoza impande>
Ungakwazi futhi i-SSH ku-vJunos-switch VCP.
Lungiselela Izimbobo Ezisebenzayo
Lesi sigaba sichaza indlela yokumisa inombolo yezimbobo ezisebenzayo.
Ungacacisa inombolo yezimbobo ezisebenzayo ze-vJunos-switch ukuze ifane nenombolo yama-NIC angezwe ku-VFP VM. Inombolo ezenzakalelayo yezimbobo ngu-10, kodwa ungacacisa noma yiliphi inani kububanzi obusuka ku-1 kuye ku-96. Qalisa i-user@host# set chassis fpc 0 pic 0 inombolo yezimbobo 96 umyalo ukuze ucacise inombolo yezimbobo ezisebenzayo. Lungiselela inombolo yezimbobo ezingeni [hlela chassis fpc 0 pic 0] ileveli yokulandelana.
Ukuqamba Isixhumi esibonakalayo
I-vJunos-switch isekela kuphela izixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-Gigabit Ethernet (ge).
Awukwazi ukushintsha amagama okuxhumana abe yi-10-Gigabit Ethernet (xe) noma i-100-Gigabit Ethernet (et). Uma uzama ukushintsha amagama esixhumi esibonakalayo, lezi zixhumanisi zisazovela njengokuthi “ge” lapho uqalisa ukulungiselelwa kombukiso noma ubonisa imiyalo emfishane yezixhumanisi. Nansi i-example okukhipha umyalo we-CLI othi "show configuration" lapho abasebenzisi bezama ukushintsha igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo libe "et":
i-chassis { fpc 0 { pic 0 { ## ## Isexwayiso: isitatimende sizitshiwe: inkundla engasekelwe (ex9214) ## interface-type et; }
21
}}
Lungiselela i-Media MTU
Ungamisa i-media maximum transmission unit (MTU) kububanzi obungu-256 kuya ku-9192. Amanani e-MTU angaphandle kobubanzi obushiwo ngenhla ayanqatshwa. Kufanele ulungiselele i-MTU ngokufaka isitatimende se-MTU ezingeni [hlela isixhumi esibonakalayo-igama] lokulandelana. Lungiselela i-MTU.
[hlela] umsebenzisi@host# setha isixhumi esibonakalayo ge-0/0/0 mtu
QAPHELA: Inani eliphakeme elisekelwayo le-MTU lingamabhayithi angu-9192.
Okwesiboneloample:
[hlela] umsebenzisi@host# setha isixhumi esibonakalayo ge-0/0/0 mtu 9192
4 ISAHLUKO
Xazulula inkinga
Xazulula inkinga vJunos-switch | 23
23
Xazulula inkinga vJunos-switch
ISIFINYEZO
Sebenzisa lesi sihloko ukuze uqinisekise ukucushwa kwakho kwe-vJunos-switch kanye nanoma yiluphi ulwazi lokuxazulula inkinga.
KULESI SIGABA
Qinisekisa Ukuthi i-VM Iyasebenza | 23 Qinisekisa Ulwazi lwe-CPU | 24 View Ilogi Files | 25 Qoqa Okulahlwayo Okuwumongo | 25
Qinisekisa ukuthi i-VM iyasebenza
· Qinisekisa ukuthi i-vJunos-switch iyasebenza ngemva kokuyifaka.
uhlu lwe-virsh Umyalo wohlu lwe-virsh ubonisa igama nesimo somshini we-virtual (VM). Isimo singaba: ukugijima, ukungenzi lutho, ukumiswa, ukuvala shaqa, ukuphahlazeka, noma ukufa.
# uhlu lwama-virsh
I-ID Igama
Izwe
——————————
72 vjunos-switch esebenzayo
Ungamisa futhi uqale ama-VM ngale miyalo elandelayo: · ukuvala shaqa okungaziwa–Vala i-vJunos-switch. · virsh start–Qala i-VM engasebenzi oyichaze ngaphambilini.
QAPHELA: Ungasebenzisi umyalo othi “virsh destroy” njengoba lokho kungonakalisa idiski ye-vJunos-switch VM.
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Uma i-VM yakho ima futhi ingaqalisi ngemva kokusebenzisa i-virsh destroy command, bese udala ikhophi yediski ye-QCOW2 ebukhoma yesithombe sokuqala se-QCOW2 esinikeziwe.
Qinisekisa Ulwazi lwe-CPU
Sebenzisa umyalo we-lscpu kuseva yomsingathi ukuze ubonise ulwazi lwe-CPU. Okukhiphayo kubonisa ulwazi olufana nenani eliphelele lama-CPU, inani lama-cores isokhethi ngalinye, kanye nenani lamasokhethi e-CPU. Okwesiboneloample, i-codeblock elandelayo ikhombisa imininingwane yeseva ye-Ubuntu 20.04 LTS esekela ingqikithi yama-CPU angama-32.
impande@vjunos-host:~# lscpu Architecture: CPU op-mode(ama): I-Byte Order: Osayizi bekheli: CPU(ama): Uhlu lwama-CPU aku-inthanethi: I(ama)chungechunge ngengqikithi ngayinye: Ingqikithi(ama) isokhethi ngalinye: Isokhethi: I(ama)nodi angu-NUMA: I-ID yomthengisi: umndeni we-CPU: Imodeli: Igama lemodeli: Ukunyathela: CPU MHz: CPU max MHz: CPU min MHz: BogoMIPS: Virtualization: L1d inqolobane: L1i inqolobane: L2 inqolobane : inqolobane ye-L3: I-NUMA node0 CPU:
x86_64 32-bit, 64-bit Endian Encane 46 bits ngokomzimba, 48 bits virtual 32 0-31 2 8 2 2 GenuineIntel 6 62 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v2 @ 2.60GHz 4 2593.884 3400.0000 VT -x 1200.0000KiB 5187.52 KB 512 MiB 512 MiB 4-40-0
25
I-NUMA node1 CPU(ama): [snip]
8-15,24-31
View Ilogi Files
View uhlelo lungena kusetshenziswa umyalo welogi lombukiso kusibonelo se-vJunos-switch.
impande > bonisa ilogi? Umsuka > umbukiso welogi ? umyalo ubonisa uhlu lwelogi files etholakalayo viewing. Okwesikhashanaample, kwe view amalogi we-chassis daemon (chassisd) asebenzisa impande > bonisa umyalo we-log chassisd.
Qoqa Ama-Core Dumps
Sebenzisa umyalo wokulahla okubalulekile wesistimu ukuze view umnyombo oqoqiwe file. Ungadlulisela lokhu kulahlwa okubalulekile kuseva yangaphandle ukuze kuhlaziywe ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuphatha se-fxp0 ku-vJunos-switch.
Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza
 |
I-Juniper NETWORKS KVM vJunos Shintsha Ukuthunyelwa [pdf] Umhlahlandlela Womsebenzisi KVM vJunos Switch Deployment, KVM, vJunos Switch Deployment, Switch Deployment, Deployment |
