SILICON LABS UG103.11 Thread Basics Software

Litlhaloso:

• Lebitso la Sehlahisoa: Metheo ea Khoele
• Moetsi: Silicon Labs
• Protocol: Khoele
• Phetolelo: Tšen. 1.6
• Wireless Networking Protocol: Mesh networking
• Maemo a Tšehetsoeng: IEEE, IETF

Tlhahisoleseding ya Sehlahiswa

Thread Fundamentals ke protocol e sireletsehileng, e se nang mohala ea marang-rang e ntlafalitsoeng ke Silicon Labs. E ts'ehetsa liaterese tsa IPv6, borokho bo theko e tlase ho marang-rang a mang a IP, 'me e ntlafalitsoe bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea matla a tlase, e tšehelitsoeng ke betri. Protocol e etselitsoe likopo tse hokahantsoeng tsa Lehae le tsa khoebo moo marang-rang a thehiloeng ho IP a lakatsehang.

Litaelo tsa Tšebeliso

1. Kenyelletso ea Lintlha tsa Khoele:
   Thread ke protocol e sireletsehileng, e se nang mohala ea marang-rang e hahiloeng holim'a litekanyetso tse teng tsa IEEE le IETF. E nolofalletsa puisano ea sesebelisoa ho sesebelisoa ho Connected Home le lits'ebetso tsa khoebo.
2. OpenThread Kemplementation:
   OpenThread, ts'ebetsong e nkehang ea protocol ea Thread, e fana ka puisano e tšepahalang, e sireletsehileng, le e tlase ea matla a se nang mohala ho sesebelisoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa meaho ea lapeng le ea khoebo. Silicon Labs e fana ka protocol e thehiloeng ho OpenThread e etselitsoeng ho sebetsa ka lisebelisoa tsa bona, tse fumanehang ho GitHub hape e le karolo ea Simplicity Studio 5 SDK.
3. Botho ba Sehlopha sa Khoele:
   Ho kena sehlopheng sa Thread ho fana ka phihlello ea setifikeiti sa sehlahisoa le ho khothaletsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse lumelletsoeng ke Thread. Liphetolelo tsa mohlahlami oa Thread Specification li phatlalatsoa ka mananeo a setifikeiti ka 2022.

LBH:

• P: Nka khoasolla Litlhaloso tsa morao-rao tsa Thread joang?
  A: Lintlha tsa morao-rao tsa Thread Specification li ka khoasolloa ka ho fana ka kopo ho Sehlopha sa Thread website at https://www.threadgroup.org/ThreadSpec.
• P: Advan e kholo ke efetagea ho sebelisa Thread ho lisebelisoa tsa IoT?
  K: Khoele e fana ka protocol ea marang-rang e sireletsehileng, e se nang mohala e ts'ehetsang ts'ebetso ea matla a tlase le puisano ea sesebelisoa ho sesebelisoa, ho eketsa litekanyetso tsa ho amohela le ho amoheloa ha basebelisi bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa IoT.

UG103.11: Metheo ea Khoele

• Tokomane ena e kenyelletsa nalane e khuts'oane ea ho hlaha ha
• Thread, e fana ka theknoloji ho fetaview, mme e hlalosa likarolo tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa Thread tse lokelang ho nahanoa ha o kenya ts'ebetsong tharollo ea Thread.
• Letoto la Lihlooho tsa Silicon Labs le akaretsa lihlooho tseo batsamaisi ba projeke, li-de-signers, le bahlahisi ba lokelang ho li utloisisa pele ba qala ho sebetsa tharollong e kenelletseng ea marang-rang ba sebelisa.
• Li-chips tsa Silicon Labs, mekotla ea marang-rang e kang EmberZNet PRO kapa Silicon Labs Bluetooth®, le lisebelisoa tse amanang le nts'etsopele. Litokomane li ka sebelisoa e le sebaka sa ho qala bakeng sa mang kapa mang ea hlokang kenyelletso ea ho etsa lits'ebetso tsa marang-rang tse se nang mohala, kapa ea sa tsoa fihla tikolohong ea ntlafatso ea Silicon Labs.

SEHLOOHO SEHLOHO

• E hlahisa Thread mme e fana ka theknoloji ho fetaview.
• E hlalosa tse ling tsa lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa Thread, ho kenyeletsoa stack ea eona ea IP, topology ea marang-rang, tsamaiso le khokahanyo ea marang-rang, ho kopanya marang-rang, tsamaiso, data e tsitsitseng, ts'ireletso, router ea moeli, taelo ea lisebelisoa le lera la kopo.
• E na le lintlafatso bakeng sa Tlhaloso ea Thread 1.3.0.
• E kenyelletsa mehato e latelang ea ho sebetsa le nyehelo ea Silicon Labs OpenThread.

Selelekela

1. Li-Labs tsa Silicon le Marang-rang a Lintho
   • Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) e hlalositsoe ka 1981 ho RFC 791, DARPA Internet Programme Protocol Specification. (“RFC” e emetse “Kopo ya Maikutlo.”) Ka ho sebedisa 32-bit (4-byte) aterese, IPv4 e fane ka diaterese tse 232 tse ikgethang bakeng sa disebediswa inthaneteng, kakaretso ya diaterese tse ka bang 4.3 bilione. Leha ho le joalo, ha palo ea basebelisi le lisebelisoa e ntse e eketseha ka potlako, ho ile ha hlaka hore palo ea liaterese tsa IPv4 e tla fela 'me ho ne ho hlokahala hore ho be le phetolelo e ncha ea IP. Ka hona nts'etsopele ea IPv6 lilemong tsa bo-1990 le sepheo sa eona sa ho nkela IPv4 sebaka. Ka aterese ea 128-bit (16-byte), IPv6 e lumella liaterese tse 2128, liaterese tse fetang 7.9×1028 ho feta IPv4 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6).
   • Phephetso ea lik'hamphani tse indastering e kenelletseng joalo ka Silicon Labs ke ho sebetsana le phalliso ena ea theknoloji mme haholo-holo litlhoko tsa bareki ha re ntse re fallela lefats'eng le amanang le lisebelisoa tsa lehae le tsa khoebo, seo hangata ho buuoang ka sona. Inthanete ea Lintho (IoT). Boemong bo phahameng lipheo tsa IoT bakeng sa Silicon Labs ke ho:
   • Hokela lisebelisoa tsohle tse ka tlung le khoebong ka marang-rang a maemo a holimo, ebang ke ka Zigbee PRO, Thread, Blue-tooth, kapa maemo a mang a hlahang.
   • Ntlafatsa boitsebelo ba k'hamphani ho li-microcontroller tse sebelisang matla.
   • Ntlafatsa li-chips tsa matla a tlase, tse nang le matšoao a kopaneng.
   • Fana ka borokho ba theko e tlase ho lisebelisoa tse teng tsa Ethernet le Wi-Fi.
   • Etsa hore lits'ebeletso tsa maru le khokahanyo ho li-smartphone le matlapa a tla khothalletsa boiketlo ba tšebeliso le phihlelo e tloaelehileng ea mosebedisi bakeng sa bareki.
     Ho fihlella lipheo tsena kaofela ho tla eketsa litefiso tsa ho amoheloa le ho amoheloa ha basebelisi bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa IoT.
2. Sehlopha sa Khoele
   • Sehlopha sa Khoele (https://www.threadgroup.org/) e ile ea qalisoa ka July 15, 2014. Silicon Labs e ne e le k'hamphani e thehiloeng hammoho le lik'hamphani tse ling tse tšeletseng. Thread Group ke sehlopha sa thuto ea mebaraka se fanang ka setifikeiti sa sehlahisoa le ho khothaletsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse lumelletsoeng ke Thread-to-device (D2D) le lihlahisoa tsa mochini ho isa mochini (M2M). Botho ho Thread Group bo bulehile.
   • Tlhaloso ea Thread 1.1 e ka khoasolloa ka mor'a ho kenya kopo mona: https://www.threadgroup.org/ThreadSpec. Liphetolelo tse latelang tsa Tlhaloso ea Thread, 1.2 le 1.3.0, le tsona li phatlalalitsoe ka mananeo a setifikeiti ka 2022. Tlhaloso ea morao-rao ea 1.4-draft Thread e fumaneha feela ho litho tsa Thread.
3. Thread ke eng?
   Thread ke protocol e sireletsehileng, e se nang mohala ea marang-rang. The Thread stack ke tekanyetso e bulehileng e hahiloeng holim'a pokello ea litekanyetso tse teng tsa Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) le Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), ho e-na le maemo a macha (sheba setšoantšo se latelang).
4. Litšobotsi tsa Khoele Kakaretso
   • The Thread stack e ts'ehetsa liaterese tsa IPv6 'me e fana ka borokho bo theko e tlase ho marang-rang a mang a IP mme e ntlafalitsoe bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea matla a tlase / bat-tery-backed, le puisano ea mohala le sesebelisoa. The Thread stack e etselitsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa Connected Home le lits'ebetso tsa khoebo moo marang-rang a thehiloeng ho IP a lakatsehang 'me ho ka sebelisoa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa kopo ho stack.
   • Tsena ke litšobotsi tse akaretsang tsa Thread stack:
   • Ho kenya marang-rang ho bonolo, ho qala, le ts'ebetso: The Thread stack e tšehetsa li-topology tse ngata tsa marang-rang. Ho kenya ho bonolo ho sebelisa smartphone, tablet kapa khomphuta. Likhoutu tsa ho kenya lihlahisoa li sebelisoa ho netefatsa hore lisebelisoa tse lumelletsoeng feela li ka kena marang-rang. Li-protocol tse bonolo tsa ho theha le ho kopanya marang-rang li lumella litsamaiso ho iketsetsa le ho lokisa mathata a litsela ha a ntse a etsahala.
   • Sireletsehile: Lisebelisoa ha li kenelle marang-rang ntle le haeba li lumelletsoe 'me likhokahano tsohle li patiloe ebile li bolokehile. Tšireletseho e fanoa sebakeng sa marang-rang mme e ka ba sethaleng sa kopo. Marang-rang ohle a Thread a patiloe ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ka mokhoa oa netefatso oa nako ea li-smartphone le encryption ea Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Tšireletso e sebelisoang ho marang-rang a Thread e matla ho feta litekanyetso tse ling tse se nang mohala tseo Thread Group e li hlahlobileng.
   • Marang-rang a manyane le a maholo a lapeng: Marang-rang a lapeng a fapana ho tloha ho lisebelisoa tse 'maloa ho isa ho tse makholo. Sebaka sa marang-rang se etselitsoe ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ho latela ts'ebeliso e lebelletsoeng.
   • Marang-rang a maholo a khoebo: Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kholoanyane tsa khoebo, marang-rang a le mong a Thread ha a lekane ho koahela litlhoko tsohle tsa ts'ebeliso, sistimi le marang-rang. Mohlala oa Thread Domain o lumella scalability ho fihlela ho 10,000s ea lisebelisoa tsa Thread ka phepelo e le 'ngoe, e sebelisa motsoako oa mahlale a fapaneng a khokahanyo (Thread, Ethernet, Wi-fi, joalo-joalo).
   • Ho sibolloa ha litšebeletso tse peli le khokahano: Multicast le phatlalatso ha li sebetse hantle ho marang-rang a marang-rang a se nang mohala. Bakeng sa puisano ea off-mesh, Thread e fana ka ngoliso ea litšebeletso moo lisebelisoa li ka ngolisang boteng ba tsona le litšebeletso, 'me bareki ba ka sebelisa lipotso tse sa tšoaneng ho fumana litšebeletso tse ngolisitsoeng.
   • Range: Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng li fana ka sebaka se lekaneng ho koahela ntlo e tloaelehileng. Meetso e fumanehang habonolo e nang le matla ampLifiers li eketsa mefuta e mengata haholo. Phatlalatso e phatlalalitsoeng e sebelisoa ho Physical Layer (PHY) ho itšireletsa khahlanong le tšitiso. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa khoebo, mofuta oa Thread Domain o lumella marang-rang a mangata a Thread hore a buisane ka mokokotlo, ka hona a holisa marang-rang ho koahela li-subnets tse ngata tsa mesh.
   • Ha ho ntlha e le 'ngoe ea ho hloleha: The Thread stack e etselitsoe ho fana ka ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng le e ts'epahalang leha e ka hloleha kapa ho lahleheloa ke lisebelisoa ka bomong. Lisebelisoa tsa likhoele li ka boela tsa kenyelletsa likhokahano tse thehiloeng ho IPv6 joalo ka Wi-Fi le Ethernet ho topology ho fokotsa monyetla oa likarolo tse ngata tsa Thread. Ka tsela ena, ba ka sebelisa matla a holimo, matla a liteishene, le tšireletso ea lihokelo tseo tsa meaho, ha ba ntse ba ts'ehetsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase o tlase.
   • Matla a tlase: Lisebelisoa li buisana hantle ho fana ka boiphihlelo bo ntlafalitsoeng ba mosebelisi ka lilemo tse lebelletsoeng tsa bophelo tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a betri. Lisebelisoa li ka sebetsa ka lilemo tse 'maloa li sebelisa libeteri tsa mofuta oa AA li sebelisa li-cycle tse loketseng.
   • E boloka litšenyehelo: Li-chipsets tse lumellanang le li-software tse tsoang ho barekisi ba bangata li rekoa bakeng sa ho romelloa ka bongata 'me li etselitsoe ho tloha fatše ho sebelisa matla a tlase haholo.
5.  OpenThread
   • OpenThread e lokollotsoeng ke Google ke ts'ebetso e bulehileng ea mohloli oa Thread®. Google e lokolotse OpenThread ho etsa hore theknoloji ea ts'ebetso ea marang-rang e sebelisoang lihlahisoa tsa Google Nest e fumanehe ka bongata ho batho ba ntlafatsang, e le ho potlakisa nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa bakeng sa meaho e hokahaneng ea lehae le ea khoebo.
   • Ka lera le moqotetsane la sethala le mohopolo o monyane oa mohopolo, OpenThread e bonolo haholo. E ts'ehetsa meralo ea li-system-on-chip (SoC) le radio co-processor (RCP).
   • OpenThread e hlalosa protocol ea puisano e thehiloeng ho IPv6 e tšepahalang, e sireletsehileng, le e tlase ea matla a tlase ho sesebelisoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa meaho ea lapeng le ea khoebo. E kenya ts'ebetsong likarolo tsohle tse hlalositsoeng ho Tlhaloso ea Khoele 1.1.1, Tlhaloso ea Khoele 1.2, Tlhaloso ea Khoele 1.3.0, le Sengoloa sa Tlhaloso ea Khoele 1.4 (ho tloha ha tokomane ena e lokolloa).
   • Silicon Labs e kentse tšebetsong protocol e thehiloeng ho OpenThread e etselitsoeng ho sebetsa ka lisebelisoa tsa Silicon Labs. Protocol ena e fumaneha ho GitHub hape e le sesebelisoa sa ntlafatso sa software (SDK) se kentsoeng ka Simplicity Studio 5. SDK ke senepe se lekiloeng ka botlalo sa mohloli oa Gi-tHub. E ts'ehetsa mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa ho feta mofuta oa GitHub, 'me e kenyelletsa litokomane le examplits'ebetso ha li fumanehe ho GitHub.

Thread Technology Overview

1. EEE 802.15.4
   • Litlhaloso tsa IEEE 802.15.4-2006 ke maemo a puisano a se nang mohala a hlalosang likarolo tsa wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) le Physical (PHY) tse sebetsang ho 250 kbps ho sehlopha sa 2.4 GHz, ka 'mapa oa litsela ho ea ho lihlopha tsa subGHz (IEEE 802.15.4. 2006-802.15.4 Tlhaloso). E entsoe ka matla a fokolang kelellong, XNUMX e loketse likopo tse atisang ho kenyelletsa palo e kholo ea li-node.
   • Lera la 802.15.4 MAC le sebelisetsoa ho tšoara melaetsa ea mantlha le taolo ea tšubuhlellano. Lera lena la MAC le kenyelletsa mochine oa Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) bakeng sa lisebelisoa ho mamela mocha o hlakileng, hammoho le lesela la khokahanyo ho sebetsana le ho leka hape le ho amohela melaetsa ea puisano e tšepahalang pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse haufi. MAC layer encryption e sebelisoa ho latela melaetsa e thehiloeng ho linotlolo tse hlophisitsoeng le tse hlophisitsoeng ke likarolo tse holimo tsa software stack. Lera la marang-rang le haha ​​holim'a mekhoa ena ea motheo ea ho fana ka lipuisano tse ka tšeptjoang tsa ho qetela ho marang-rang.
   • Ho qala ka Thread Specification 1.2, lintlafatso tse 'maloa tse tsoang ho IEEE 802.15.4-2015 li se li kentsoe ts'ebetsong ho etsa hore marang-rang a Thread a be matla, a arabele ebile a senyehe:
   • Ntlafatso ea Frame e Emetseng: E ​​ntlafatsa bophelo ba betri le karabelo ea sesebelisoa sa boroko (SED), ka ho fokotsa palo ea melaetsa eo SED e ka e romellang moeeng. Pakete efe kapa efe ea data e tsoang ho SED (eseng feela likopo tsa data) e ka ananeloa ka boteng ba data e emetseng e tlang.
   • Keepalive e ntlafalitsoeng: E ​​fokotsa palo ea sephethephethe se hlokahalang ho boloka sehokelo pakeng tsa SED le motsoali ka ho tšoara molaetsa ofe kapa ofe oa data e le phetiso ea marang-rang ea keepalive.
   • Coordinated SampLed Listening (CSL): Ena IEEE 802.15.4-2015 Specification Karolo e lumella ho amahanya hamolemo pakeng tsa SED le motsoali ka kemiso ea synchronized transmit/ho fumana linako ntle le nako le nako likopo tsa data. Sena se nolofalletsa lisebelisoa tse fokolang matla tse nang le latency ea khokahanyo e tlaase le marang-rang a nang le monyetla o fokolang oa ho thulana ha melaetsa.
   • Ntlafatso ea ACK Probing: Karolo ena ea Tlhaloso ea IEEE 802.15.4-2015 e lumella motho ea qalang ho laola lipotso tsa li-link tsa metric ha a ntse a boloka matla ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea sephethephethe sa data ho e-na le ho arola melaetsa ea lipatlisiso.
2. Khoele Network Architecture
   1. Mehaho ea Bolulo
      Basebelisi ba buisana le marang-rang a Thread ho tsoa sesebelisoa sa bona (smartphone, tablet, kapa komporo) ka Wi-Fi ho Home Area Network (HAN) kapa ba sebelisa sesebelisoa se thehiloeng marung. Setšoantšo se latelang se bontša mefuta ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa mohahong oa marang-rang oa Thread.

Setšoantšo sa 2.1. Khoele Network Architecture
Mefuta e latelang ea lisebelisoa e kenyelelitsoe ho netweke ea Thread, ho qala ho netweke ea Wi-Fi:

• Li-Border Routers li fana ka khokahanyo ho tloha marang-rang a 802.15.4 ho ea ho marang-rang a haufi le likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, joalo-joalo). Li-Border Routers li fana ka litšebeletso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ka har'a marang-rang a 802.15.4, ho kenyeletsoa lits'ebeletso tsa litsela le ho sibolloa ha lits'ebeletso bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang. Ho ka 'na ha e-ba le Router e le 'ngoe kapa tse ngata tsa Border marang-rang a Thread.
• Moetapele, karohanong ea marang-rang a Thread, o laola ngoliso ea li-ID tsa router tse abetsoeng mme o amohela likopo tse tsoang lisebelisoa tsa ho qetela tse tšoanelehang tsa router (REEDs) hore e be li-routers. Moetapele o etsa qeto ea hore na ke li-routers life, 'me Moetapele, joalo ka li-routers tsohle tsa marang-rang a Thread, le eena a ka ba le bana ba se nang lisebelisoa. Moetapele o boetse o abela le ho laola liaterese tsa router a sebelisa CoAP (Constrained Appli-cation Protocol). Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tsohle tse teng ho Moetapele li teng ho tse ling tsa Thread Routers. Kahoo, haeba Moeta-pele a hlōleha kapa a lahleheloa ke khokahanyo le marang-rang a Thread, ho khethoa Thread Router e 'ngoe,' me e nka sebaka sa Moeta-pele ntle le ho kenella ha basebelisi.
• Li-Thread Routers li fana ka litšebeletso tsa ho tsamaisa lisebelisoa ho lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang. Li-Thread Routers li boetse li fana ka litšebeletso tsa ho ikopanya le ts'ireletso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse lekang ho kena marang-rang. Li-Routers tsa Thread ha lia etsetsoa hore li robale 'me li ka theola tšebetso ea tsona ebe li fetoha REED.
• REED e ka fetoha Thread Router kapa Moetapele, empa eseng hakaalo Border Router e nang le thepa e khethehileng, joalo ka li-interfaces tse ngata. Ka lebaka la topology ea marang-rang kapa maemo a mang, li-REED ha li sebetse joaloka li-routers. REED ha e fetise melaetsa kapa ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa ho ikopanya kapa tsa ts'ireletso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ling tse marang-rang. Marang-rang a laola le ho khothaletsa lisebelisoa tse loketseng li-router ho li-routers ha ho hlokahala, ntle le tšebelisano ea basebelisi.
• Lisebelisoa tse sa lokeleheng ho li-router e ka ba li-FED (lisebelisoa tse felletseng) kapa MED (lisebelisoa tse fokolang haholo). Li-MED ha li hloke ho hokahanya le motsoali oa tsona ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho buisana.
• Lisebelisoa tsa ho robala (SED) li buisana feela ka motsoali oa tsona oa Thread Router 'me ha li khone ho fetisetsa melaetsa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ling.
• Synchronized Sleepy End Devices (SSEDs) ke sehlopha sa Sleepy End Devices se sebelisang CSL ho tloha IEEE 802.15.4-2015 ho boloka kemiso e hokahaneng le motsoali, ho qoba ts'ebeliso ea likopo tsa kamehla tsa data.

Mehaho ea Khoebo
Mohlala oa Khoebo oa Thread o nka mefuta ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa marang-rang a bolulo mme o eketsa likhopolo tse ncha. Basebelisi ba buisana le marang-rang a khoebo ka lisebelisoa (smartphone, tablet, kapa khomphuta) ka Wi-Fi kapa ka marang-rang a bona a khoebo. Setšoantšo se latelang se bontša topology ea marang-rang a khoebo.

Setšoantšo sa 2.2. Commercial Network Topology

Likhopolo ke:

• Moetso oa Thread Domain o ts'ehetsa ho hokahana ka mokhoa o se nang moeli oa Marang-rang a mangata a Thread Networks hammoho le sebopeho se se nang moeli ho marang-rang a se nang Thread IPv6. Molemo o ka sehloohong oa Thread Domain ke hore lisebelisoa li khona ho ikamahanya le maemo ho kopanela leha e le efe e fumanehang Thread Net-work e hlophisitsoeng ka Thread Domain e tloaelehileng, e fokotsang tlhokahalo ea moralo oa marang-rang kapa li-reconfigurations tse theko e boima ha boholo ba marang-rang kapa bophahamo ba data bo fokotsehile. holimo.
• Backbone Border Routers (BBRs) ke sehlopha sa Border Router sebakeng sa khoebo se tsamaisang khokahanyo ea Thread Domain ea likarolo tse ngata tsa marang-rang le ho lumella phatlalatso e kholo ea multicast ho kena le ho tsoa mesh e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho Thread Do-main. Marang-rang a Thread ao e leng karolo ea domain name e kholoanyane e tlameha ho ba le "Primary" BBR e le 'ngoe 'me e ka ba le li-BBR tse ngata tsa "Secondary" bakeng sa bofokoli bo sa atleheng. Li-BBR li buisana ka mokokotlo o hokahanyang marang-rang ohle a Thread.
• A Backbone Link ke sehokelo sa IPv6 se senang Khoele seo BBR e hokelang ho sona ho sebelisa sebopeho sa kantle se sebelisoang ho kenya tšebetsong Thread Backbone Link Protocol (TBLP) ho hokahanya le li-BBR tse ling.
• Lisebelisoa tsa likhoele ts'ebetsong ea khoebo li lokisoa ho sebelisoa Thread Domains le Domain Unique Addresses (DUAs). DUA ea sesebelisoa ha e fetohe nakong ea bophelo bohle ba ho ba karolo ea sebaka sa Thread. Sena se thusa ho falla ho pholletsa le marang-rang a fapaneng a Thread sebakeng se le seng mme se etsa bonnete ba hore li-BBR tse fapaneng li thusa ho tsamaisa marang-rang a mangata a Thread.

Likhopolo tsena li bontšitsoe setšoantšong se latelang:

Setšoantšo sa 2.3. Thread Domain Model
Ha ho Ntlha e le 'Ngoe ea ho Hlōleha

• The Thread stack e etselitsoe hore e se be le ntlha e le 'ngoe ea ho hloleha. Le hoja ho na le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsamaisong e etsang mesebetsi e khethehileng, Thread e etselitsoe hore e ka nkeloa sebaka ntle le ho ama ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea marang-rang kapa lisebelisoa. Bakeng sa mohlalaampLe, sesebelisoa sa ho qetela se nang le boroko se hloka motsoali bakeng sa puisano, kahoo motsoali enoa o emela ntlha e le 'ngoe ea ho hlōleha ha puisano ea eona. Leha ho le joalo, sesebelisoa se nang le boroko se ka khetha motsoali e mong ebile se tla khetha haeba motsoali oa sona a le sieo. Phetoho ena ha ea lokela ho bonahala ho mosebelisi.
  Le ha sistimi e etselitsoe hore ho se be le ntlha e le 'ngoe ea ho hloleha, tlasa li-topology tse itseng ho tla ba le lisebelisoa tse se nang bokhoni ba ho boloka. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, tsamaisong e nang le Moeli o le mong
• Router, haeba Border Router e felloa ke matla, ha ho na mokhoa oa ho fetohela ho mofuta o mong oa Border Router. Boemong bona, tokiso e ncha ea Border Router e tlameha ho etsahala.
• Ho qala ka Thread Specification 1.3.0, Border Routers ho arolelana sehokelo sa lits'ebetso ho ka thusa hore ho se be le ntlha e le 'ngoe ea ho hloleha ho pholletsa le mokhoa o fapaneng (joalo ka Wi-Fi kapa Ethernet) ka ho sebelisa Thread.
• Sehokelo sa Radio Encapsulation (TREL). Ka tšobotsi ena, monyetla oa hore likarolo tsa Thread li thehoe lihokelong li fokotsehile.

Lintlha tsa motheo tsa IP Stack

1. Ho bua
   • Lisebelisoa tse ho Thread stack li tšehetsa meralo ea aterese ea IPv6 joalo ka ha e hlalositsoe ho RFC 4291 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291: IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture). Lisebelisoa li tšehetsa E Ikhethang
   • Aterese ea Sebaka (ULA), Aterese e Ikhethang ea Sebaka (DUA) ka mokhoa oa sebaka sa Thread, le aterese e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta Global Unicast Address (GUA) ho ipapisitsoe le lisebelisoa tsa bona tse fumanehang.
   • Li-bits tsa boemo bo holimo tsa aterese ea IPv6 li hlakisa marang-rang 'me tse ling li totobatsa liaterese tse itseng marang-rang ao. Kahoo, liaterese tsohle tsa marang-rang li na le li-bits tsa pele tse tšoanang. Ba pele
   • N bits li bitsoa "prefix". "/64" e bontša hore ena ke aterese e nang le sehlomathiso sa 64-bit. Sesebelisoa se qalang marang-rang se khetha sehlomathiso /64 se sebelisoang ho pholletsa le marang-rang. Sehlongoapele ke ULA (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4193: Liaterese tsa Unicast tsa Lehae tsa IPv6). Marang-rang a kanna a ba le e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta Border Router (s) eo e mong le e mong a ka bang kapa a se nang /64 e ka sebelisoang ho hlahisa ULA kapa GUA. Sesebelisoa se marang-rang se sebelisa aterese ea sona ea EUI-64 (64-bit Extended Unique Identifier) ​​ho hlahisa sesupo sa sebopeho sa sona joalo ka ha se hlalositsoe Karolong ea 6 ea RFC 4944 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4944: Phetiso ea Lipakete tsa IPv6 ho feta IEEE 802.15.4 Networks ). Sesebelisoa se tla ts'ehetsa sehokelo sa lehae sa IPv6 se hlophisitsoeng ho tsoa ho EUI-64 ea node joalo ka sesupo sa sebopeho se nang le sehokelo se tsebahalang sa sebaka sa FE80::0/64 joalo ka ha se hlalositsoe ho RFC 4862 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4862: IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration) le RFC 4944.
   • Lisebelisoa li boetse li tšehetsa liaterese tse loketseng tsa multicast. Sena se kenyelletsa link-local all node multicast, link local all router multicast, soli-cited node multicast, le mesh local multicast. Ka boteng ba router ea moeli oa mokokotlo ka mokhoa oa domain, lisebelisoa li ka boela tsa ts'ehetsa liaterese tse ngata tsa marang-rang haeba li ingolisa bakeng sa tsona.
   • Sesebelisoa se seng le se seng se kenang marang-rang se abeloa aterese e khuts'oane ea 2-byte ho latela litlhaloso tsa IEEE 802.15.4-2006. Bakeng sa li-routers, moaparo ona oa papatso o abeloa ho sebelisoa li-bits tse phahameng sebakeng sa liaterese.
   • Joale bana ba abeloa aterese e khutšoane ba sebelisa li-bits tse phahameng tsa batsoali ba bona le li-bits tse tlase tse loketseng atereseng ea bona. Sena se lumella sesebelisoa leha e le sefe se marang-rang ho utloisisa sebaka sa ho tsamaisa ngoana ka ho sebelisa likarolo tse phahameng tsa sebaka sa aterese ea sona.
2. 6LoWPAN
   • 6LoWPAN e emetse "IPv6 Over Low Power Wireless Personal Networks." Sepheo se seholo sa 6LoWPAN ke ho fetisa le ho amohela lipakete tsa IPv6 ho feta lihokelo tse 802.15.4. Ka ho etsa joalo e tlameha ho amohela boholo ba 802.15.4 boholo ba foreimi bo rometsoeng moeeng. Lihokelong tsa Ethernet, pakete e nang le boholo ba IPv6 Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) (1280 bytes) e ka romeloa habonolo e le foreimi e le 'ngoe holim'a sehokelo. Tabeng ea 802.15.4, 6LoWPAN e sebetsa e le sekhahla sa ho ikamahanya le maemo pakeng tsa IPv6 networking layer le 802.15.4 link layer. E rarolla bothata ba ho fetisa IPv6
   • MTU ka ho arola sephutheloana sa IPv6 ho motho ea se rometseng le ho se kopanya hape ho moamoheli.
     6LoWPAN e boetse e fana ka mochine oa khatello o fokotsang boholo ba lihlooho tsa IPv6 tse rometsoeng moeeng 'me kahoo o fokotsa phetisetso ka holimo. Li-bits tse fokolang tse rometsoeng moeeng, matla a fokolang a sebelisoa ke sesebelisoa. Khoele e sebelisa ka botlalo mekhoa ena ho fetisa lipakete ka nepo holim'a marang-rang a 802.15.4. RFC 4944 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4944) le RFC 6282 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6282) hlalosa ka ho qaqileng mekhoa eo ka eona ho arohana le ho hatella hlooho ho finyelloang.
3. Khokahano ea Layer Forwarding
   Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea lera la 6LoWPAN ke ho fetisetsa pakete ea li-link. Sena se fana ka mecha-nism e sebetsang hantle haholo le e tlase ea ho fetisa lipakete tse ngata ho marang-rang a marang-rang. Khoele e sebelisa IP layer routing e tsamaisang sehokelo sa pakete.
   Thread e sebelisa sehokelo sa ho fetisetsa lipakete ho fetisa lipakete tse ipapisitseng le tafole ea ho tsamaisa IP. E le ho finyella sena, ho sebelisoa hlooho ea 6LoWPAN mesh paketeng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea li-multi-hop (sheba setšoantšo se latelang).
   • Setšoantšo sa 3.1. Mesh Header Format
   • Ho Thread, lera la 6LoWPAN le tlatsa tlhahisoleseling ea Mesh Header ka aterese e khuts'oane ea 16-bit le aterese ea ho qetela ea mohloli oa 16-bit. Transmitter e sheba aterese e khuts'oane e latelang ea hop 16-bit ho Tafole ea Routing, ebe e romela foreimi ea 6LoWPAN atereseng e latelang ea hop 16-bit joalo ka moo e eang. Sesebelisoa se latelang sa hop se amohela pakete, se sheba hop e latelang ka har'a
   • Tafole ea Routing / Tafole ea Moahelani, e fokotsa palo ea hop ho 6LoWPAN Mesh Header, ebe e romela pakete ho hop e latelang kapa atereseng e khuts'oane ea 16-bit joalo ka moo u eang teng.
   • 6 LoWPAN Encapsulation
     Lipakete tsa 6LoWPAN li hahiloe ka molao-motheo o tšoanang le lipakete tsa IPv6 'me li na le lihlooho tse pakiloeng bakeng sa ts'ebetso e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e ekelitsoeng. Sehlooho se seng le se seng sa 6LoWPAN se etelloa pele ke boleng ba ho romella bo khethollang mofuta oa hlooho (bona setšoantšo se latelang).
4. 6 LoWPAN Encapsulation
   Lipakete tsa 6LoWPAN li hahiloe ka molao-motheo o tšoanang le lipakete tsa IPv6 'me li na le lihlooho tse pakiloeng bakeng sa ts'ebetso e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e ekelitsoeng. Sehlooho se seng le se seng sa 6LoWPAN se etelloa pele ke boleng ba ho romella bo khethollang mofuta oa hlooho (bona setšoantšo se latelang).
   Setšoantšo sa 3.2. Sebopeho se Akaretsang sa Pakete ea 6LoWPAN
   Khoele e sebelisa mefuta e latelang ea lihlooho tsa 6LoWPAN:
   • Mesh Header (e sebelisetsoa ho fetisa lera la lihokelo)
   • Fragmentation Header (e sebelisetsoang ho arola pakete ea IPv6 ka lipakete tse 'maloa tsa 6LoWPAN)
   • Header Compression Header (e sebelisetsoa ho hatella lihlooho tsa IPv6)
   • Tlhaloso ea 6LoWPAN e laela hore haeba lihlooho tse fetang bonngoe li le teng, li tlameha ho hlaha ka tatellano e boletsoeng ka holimo. Tse latelang ke examptse ling tsa lipakete tsa 6LoWPAN tse rometsoeng moeeng.
   • Setšoantšong se latelang, moputso oa 6LoWPAN o entsoe ka sehlooho se hatelitsoeng sa IPv6 le karolo eohle ea moputso oa IPv6.
   • Setšoantšo sa 3.3. 6LoWPAN Pakete E Nang le IPv6 Payload e nang le Sehlooho se Hatelitsoeng sa IPv6
   • Setšoantšong se latelang, moputso oa 6LoWPAN o na le sehlooho sa IPv6 le karolo ea moputso oa IPv6.
   • Setšoantšo sa 3.4. Pakete ea 6LoWPAN E Nang le Hlooho ea Mesh, Hlooho ea Karolo, le Hlooho ea Compression Mohola o setseng o tla fetisoa ka lipakete tse latelang ho latela sebopeho sa setšoantšo se latelang.
   • Setšoantšo sa 3.5. 6LoWPAN sekhechana se latelang
5. ICMP
   Lisebelisoa tsa khoele li tšehetsa protocol ea Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) joalokaha e hlalositsoe ho RFC 4443, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) bakeng sa Tlhaloso ea Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). Ba boetse ba tšehetsa kopo ea echo le melaetsa ea karabo ea echo.
6. UDP
   The Thread stack e tšehetsa User Datagram Protocol (UDP) joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ho RFC 768, User Datagpheleu Protocol.
7. TCP
   The Thread stack e tšehetsa mofuta oa Transport Control Protocol (TCP) o bitsoang "TCPlp" (TCP Low Power) (Sheba usenix-NSDI20). Sesebelisoa se lumellanang le Thread se kenya tšebetsong karolo ea mothehi oa TCP le ea bamameli joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ho:
   • RFC 793, Protocol Control Control
   • RFC 1122, Litlhoko tsa Baamoheli ba Marang-rang
   • Tlhaloso ea Khoele 1.3.0 le holimo: Ts'ebetsong ea TCP e teng hangata ha e lokisoe hore e sebetse hantle holim'a marang-rang a marang-rang a se nang mohala le ka boholo bo fokolang ba liforeimi tsa 802.15.4. Ka hona, tlhaloso e hlalosa likarolo tseo le litekanyetso tsa parameter tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetsong e sebetsang ea TCP holim'a Thread Networks (sheba Tlhaloso ea Thread 1.3.0, karolo ea 6.2 TCP).
8. SRP
   • Service Registration Protocol (SRP) joalo ka ha e hlalositsoe ho Service Registration Protocol for DNS-based Service Discovery e sebelisoa ho lisebelisoa tsa Thread ho qala ka Thread Specification 1.3.0. Ho tlameha ho ba le Registry ea Tšebeletso, e hlokometsoeng ke router ea moeli. Bareki ba SRP marang-rang a marang-rang ba ka ingolisa ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng. Seva ea SRP e amohela lipotso tsa ho sibolla tse thehiloeng ho DNS hape e fana ka li-cryptography tsa bohlokoa tsa sechaba bakeng sa ts'ireletso, hammoho le lintlafatso tse ling tse nyane ho ts'ehetsa bareki ba hateletsoeng hamolemo.

Topology ea Marangrang

1. Aterese ea Marang-rang le Lisebelisoa
   • The Thread stack e tšehetsa khokahanyo e feletseng ea mesh pakeng tsa li-routers tsohle tse marang-rang. Topology ea sebele e itšetlehile ka palo ea li-routers ho marang-rang. Haeba ho na le router e le 'ngoe feela, joale marang-rang a theha naleli. Haeba ho na le li-router tse fetang bonngoe, letlooe le iketselitse ka mokhoa o ikemetseng (sheba 2.2 Thread Network Architecture).
2. Mesh Networks
   • Marang-rang a kentsoeng a etsa hore litsamaiso tsa seea-le-moea li tšepahale haholoanyane ka ho lumella liea-le-moea ho fetisa melaetsa bakeng sa liea-le-moea tse ling. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, haeba node e sa khone ho romela molaetsa ka kotloloho ho node e 'ngoe, marang-rang a kentsoeng a mesh a fetisa molaetsa ka node e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta tsa interme-diary. Joalo ka ha ho boletsoe karolong ea 5.3 Routing, li-router node tsohle tse ho Thread stack li boloka litsela le khokahano e le 'ngoe e le hore mesh e lule e bolokiloe ebile e hokahane. Ho na le moeli oa liaterese tsa li-router tse 64 marang-rang a Thread, empa li ke ke tsa sebelisoa kaofela hang. Sena se lumella nako ea hore liaterese tsa lisebelisoa tse hlakotsoeng li sebelisoe hape.
   • Ho marang-rang a marang-rang, lisebelisoa tsa boroko kapa lisebelisoa tse loketseng li-router ha li tsamaee bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ling. Lisebelisoa tsena li romela melaetsa ho motsoali eo e leng router. Router ena ea motsoali e sebetsana le ts'ebetso ea ho tsamaisa lisebelisoa tsa bana ba eona.

Tsela le Khokahano ea Marang-rang

Marang-rang a Thread a na le li-routers tse sebetsang tse fihlang ho tse 32 tse sebelisang tsela e latelang ea hop bakeng sa melaetsa e thehiloeng tafoleng ea ho tsamaisa. Tafole ea ho tsamaisa e hlokomeloa ke Thread stack ho netefatsa hore li-routers tsohle li na le khokahanyo le litsela tsa morao-rao bakeng sa router efe kapa efe marang-rang. Li-routers tsohle li fapanyetsana le li-routers tse ling litšenyehelo tsa tsona tsa ho tsamaisa li-routers tse ling marang-rang ka mokhoa o hatelitsoeng o sebelisa Mesh Link Establishment (MLE).

1.  MLE Melaetsa
   • Melaetsa ea Mesh Link Establishment (MLE) e sebelisetsoa ho theha le ho lokisa likhokahano tsa seea-le-moea tse sireletsehileng, ho bona lisebelisoa tsa boahelani, le ho boloka litšenyehelo tsa ho tsamaisa lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang. MLE e sebetsa ka tlase ho lera la ho tsamaisa 'me e sebelisa sehokelo se le seng sa li-unicasts tsa lehae le li-multicasts lipakeng tsa li-routers.
   • Melaetsa ea MLE e sebelisoa ho tsebahatsa, ho hlophisa le ho boloka likhokahano tse sireletsehileng tsa lisebelisoa tsa boahelani ha topology le tikoloho ea 'mele e fetoha. MLE e boetse e sebelisetsoa ho aba litekanyetso tsa tlhophiso tse arolelanoang marang-rang a kang mocha le Personal Area Network (PAN) ID. Melaetsa ena e ka fetisoa ka likhohola tse bonolo joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ke MPL (https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-roll-trickle-mcast-11: Multicast Protocol bakeng sa Matla a tlaase le Lassy Networks (MPL)).
   • Melaetsa ea MLE e boetse e netefatsa hore litšenyehelo tsa khokahano ea asymmetric lia nahanoa ha ho thehoa litšenyehelo tsa ho tsamaisa lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse peli. Litšenyehelo tsa li-asymmetric link li tloaelehile ho marang-rang a 802.15.4. Ho etsa bonnete ba hore melaetsa ea litsela tse peli e ka tšeptjoa, ke habohlokoa ho nahana ka litšenyehelo tsa li-link tsa bidirectional.
2. Ho Fumana le ho Lokisa Tsela
   • Ho sibolla tsela e batloang hangata ho sebelisoa ho marang-rang a matla a tlase a 802.15.4. Leha ho le joalo, ho sibolloa ha tsela e batloang feela ho bitsa chelete e ngata ho latela marang-rang a marang-rang le bandwidth hobane lisebelisoa li phatlalatsa likopo tsa ho sibolla tsela ka marang-rang. Ka har'a Thread stack, li-routers tsohle li fapanyetsana lipakete tsa MLE tsa hop e le 'ngoe tse nang le tlhaiso-leseling ea litšenyehelo ho li-routers tse ling kaofela marang-rang. Li-routers tsohle li na le tlhaiso-leseling ea morao-rao ea litšenyehelo ho router efe kapa efe e fumanehang marang-rang, kahoo ha ho hlokahale hore ho sibolloe tsela e batloang feela. Haeba tsela e se e sa sebelisoe, li-routers li ka khetha tsela e latelang e loketseng ho ea moo u eang.
   • Ho tsamaisa lisebelisoa tsa bana ho etsoa ka ho sheba likotoana tse phahameng tsa aterese ea ngoana ho fumana aterese ea router ea motsoali. Hang ha sesebelisoa se tseba router ea motsoali, se tseba lintlha tsa litšenyehelo tsa tsela le tlhaiso-leseling e latelang ea hop bakeng sa sesebelisoa seo.
   • Ha litšenyehelo tsa litsela kapa topology ea marang-rang e fetoha, liphetoho li ata ka marang-rang li sebelisa melaetsa ea MLE single-hop. Litefiso tsa ho tsamaisa li ipapisitse le boleng ba khokahano ea mahlakore a mabeli lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse peli. Boleng ba sehokelo ntlheng e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe bo thehiloe moeling oa lihokelo ho melaetsa e kenang ho tsoa sesebelisoa sa boahelani. Pontšo ena e kenang e Amoheletsoeng Matla a Letšoao (RSSI) e entsoe ka 'mapa oa boleng ba khokahanyo ho tloha ho 0 ho ea ho 3. Boleng ba 0 bo bolela litšenyehelo tse sa tsejoeng.
   • Ha router e amohela molaetsa o mocha oa MLE ho tsoa ho moahelani, ebang o se a ntse a e-na le ho kena tafoleng ea moahelani bakeng sa sesebelisoa kapa ho eketsoa. Molaetsa oa MLE o na le litšenyehelo tse tsoang ho moahelani, kahoo sena se ntlafatsoa tafoleng ea boahelani ea router. Molaetsa oa MLE o boetse o na le tlhaiso-leseling e ntlafalitsoeng ea li-routers bakeng sa li-routers tse ling tse nchafalitsoeng tafoleng ea ho tsamaisa.
   • Palo ea li-routers tse sebetsang e lekanyelitsoe ho palo ea boitsebiso ba litsela le litšenyehelo tse ka fumanoang ka paketeng e le 'ngoe ea 802.15.4. Moeli ona hajoale ke li-routers tse 32.
3. Ho tsamaisa tsela
   • Lisebelisoa li sebelisa IP routing e tloaelehileng ho fetisa lipakete. Tafole ea litsela e na le liaterese tsa marang-rang le hop e latelang e loketseng.
   • Tsela ea li-vector routing e sebelisoa ho fumana litsela tse eang liatereseng tse teng marang-rang. Ha u tsamaisa marang-rang a lehae, li-bits tse tšeletseng tse holimo tsa aterese ena ea 16-bit li hlalosa moo router e eang teng.
   • Motsoali enoa ea tsamaisang litsela o tla ikarabella ho fetisetsa sebaka sa ho qetela ho latela karolo e setseng ea aterese ea 16-bit.
   • Bakeng sa ho tsamaisa marang-rang, Border Router e tsebisa Moetapele oa Router ka li-prefixes tse itseng tseo e li sebeletsang le ho aba tlhahisoleseling ena e le data ea marang-rang ka har'a lipakete tsa MLE. Lintlha tsa marang-rang li kenyelletsa lintlha tsa prefix, e leng prefix ka boeona, moelelo oa 6LoWPAN, Border Routers, le Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) kapa seva sa DHCPv6 bakeng sa selelekela seo. Haeba sesebelisoa se tla lokisa aterese se sebelisa sehlohlolong seo, se hokahana le seva se loketseng sa SLAAC kapa DHCP bakeng sa aterese ena. Lintlha tsa marang-rang li boetse li kenyelletsa lethathamo la li-server tse tsamaisang e leng liaterese tsa 16-bit tsa li-Default Border Routers.
   • Ho phaella moo, sebakeng sa khoebo se nang le mohlala oa Thread Domain, Backbone Border Router e tsebisa moetapele oa router ea Domain Unique Prefix e sebeletsang, ho bontša hore mesh ena ke karolo ea sebaka se seholo sa Thread. Lintlha tsa marang-rang bakeng sa sena li kenyelletsa lintlha tsa prefix, moelelo oa 6LoWPAN, le router ea moeli ALOC. Ha ho lifolakha tsa SLAAC kapa DHCPv6 tse behiloeng bakeng sa sete ena ea sehlohlolong, leha ho le joalo, kabelo ea aterese e latela mohlala o se nang naha. Ho feta moo, ho boetse ho na le li-TLV tsa lits'ebeletso le li-server tse bonts'ang bokhoni ba ts'ebeletso ea "mokokotlo" oa router ena ea moeli. Ho na le bokhoni ba ho lemoha liaterese tse kopitsoang ka holim'a mokokotlo oa sesebelisoa leha e le sefe se ngolisang Aterese e Ikhethileng ea Domain (DUA) le BBR. DUA ea sesebelisoa ha e fetohe nakong ea bophelo bohle ba ho ba karolo ea sebaka sa Thread.
   • Sena se thusa ho falla ho pholletsa le marang-rang a fapaneng a Thread sebakeng se le seng mme se etsa bonnete ba hore li-BBR tse fapaneng li thusa ho tsamaisa marang-rang a mangata a Thread. Ka holim'a mokokotlo, ho sebelisoa mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea theknoloji ea IPv6 e kang IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (NS/NA ho ea ka RFC 4861) le Multicast Listener Discovery (MLDv2 ho latela RFC 3810).
   • Moetapele o khethetsoe ho boloka tlaleho ea lisebelisoa tse tšoanelehang tsa router ho fetoha li-routers kapa ho lumella li-routers hore li theohele boemong ba li-de-vices tse loketseng router. Moetapele enoa o boetse o abela le ho laola liaterese tsa router a sebelisa CoAP. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahisoleseling eohle e fumanehang ho Moetapele enoa le eona e phatlalatsoa nako le nako ho li-routers tse ling. Haeba Moetapele a tsoa marang-rang, ho khethoa router e 'ngoe,' me e nka sebaka sa Moetapele ntle le ts'ebetso ea basebelisi.
   • Li-Border Routers li na le boikarabello ba ho sebetsana le khatello ea 6LoWPAN kapa ho atolosa le ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang. Backbone Border Routers ba na le boikarabello ba ho sebetsana le MPL ka IP-in-IP encapsulation le decapsulation bakeng sa li-multicasts tse kholo tse kenang le ho tsoa ka har'a letlooeng.
   • Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka Border Routers, bona AN1256: Ho Sebelisa Silicon Labs RCP ka OpenThread Border Router.
4. Ho Leka Hape le ho Leboha
   • Ha melaetsa ea UDP e sebelisoa ho Thread stack, ho fana ka molaetsa o tšepahalang hoa hlokahala le ho phethoa ke mekhoa ena e bobebe:
   • MAC-level e leka hape-sesebediswa se seng le se seng se sebedisa diteboho tsa MAC ho tswa ho hop e latelang mme se tla leka molaetsa hape karolong ya MAC haeba molaetsa wa MAC ACK o sa amohelwe.
   • Ts'ebetso-layer e leka hape- karolo ea kopo e ka tseba hore na ho tšepahala ha molaetsa ke paramente ea bohlokoa. Haeba ho joalo, ho ka sebelisoa melaoana ea ho lumela le ho leka hape, joalo ka CoAP e leka hape.

Ho kopanya le Ts'ebetso ea Marang-rang

Khoele e lumella mekhoa e 'meli ea ho kopanya:

• Arolelana tlhahisoleseling ea komporo ka kotloloho ho sesebelisoa u sebelisa mokhoa o kantle ho sehlopha. Sena se lumella ho tsamaisa sesebelisoa ho netweke e nepahetseng ho sebelisa tlhahisoleseling ena.
• Theha seboka sa khomishene pakeng tsa sesebelisoa se kopanyang le ts'ebeliso ea kopo ho smartphone, tablet, kapa the web.
• Bakeng sa marang-rang a khoebo a nang le mohlala oa sebaka sa Thread, ts'ebetso ea Boingoliso ba Boithaopo ntle le ts'ebetso ea mosebelisi e fanang ka litifikeiti tsa ts'ebetso ho ba kopanyang ka mor'a netefatso e boletsoeng ke Tlhaloso ea Thread 1.2. Setifikeiti sa ts'ebetso se kenyelletsa tlhaiso-leseling ea sebaka sa sesebelisoa mme se lumella tokisetso e sireletsehileng ea Network Master Key. Mohlala ona o hloka mongolisi kapa
• Khokahano ea Registrar Interface (TRI) ho router ea moeli oa mokokotlo mme e thusa ho buisana le balaoli ba kantle (MASA) ho sebelisa liprothokholo tsa ANIMA/BRSKI/EST. Marang-rang a tšehetsang mokhoa ona oa ho laela o bitsoa marang-rang a CCM.
• Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le ho fana ka marang-rang a Thread, bona karolo ea 11. Sesebelisoa sa Komisi.
• Mokhoa o sebelisoang khafetsa oa 802.15.4 oa ho ikopanya le tumello ea ho kopanya folakha ka har'a payload ea beacon ha e sebelisoe marang-rang a Thread. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho kopanya mofuta oa konopo moo ho se nang mosebelisi kapa mocha o kantle ho sehlopha ho lisebelisoa. Mokhoa ona o na le mathata a ho tsamaisa lisebelisoa maemong ao ho nang le marang-rang a mangata a fumanehang hape o ka baka likotsi tsa ts'ireletso.
• Ho marang-rang a Thread, ho kopanya hohle ho qalisoa ke basebelisi. Kamora ho kenella, netefatso ea ts'ireletso e phetheloa boemong ba kopo ka sesebelisoa sa com-mission. Netefatso ena ya tshireletso e tshohlwa karolong ya 9. Tshireletso.
• Lisebelisoa li hokela marang-rang e le sesebelisoa sa boroko, sesebelisoa sa ho qetela (MED kapa FED), kapa REED. Ke feela ka mor'a hore REED e ikopanye le ho ithuta ho hlophisoa ha marang-rang moo e ka khonang ho kopa ho ba

Router ea khoele. Ha o kenella, sesebelisoa se fuoa moaparo o mokhuts'oane oa 16-bit o ipapisitseng le motsoali oa ona. Haeba sesebelisoa se tšoanelehang sa router se fetoha Thread Router, se abeloa aterese ea router ke Moetapele. Ho fumanoa ha liaterese tse kopitsoang bakeng sa li-Thread Routers ho netefatsoa ke mochine o bohareng oa ho tsamaisa aterese ea router o lulang ho Moetapele. Motsoali o na le boikarabelo ba ho qoba liaterese tse peli bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse amohelang batho hobane o ba fa liaterese ha ba kena.

1. Network Discovery
   • Ho sibolloa ha marang-rang ho sebelisoa ke sesebelisoa se kopanyang ho fumana hore na marang-rang a 802.15.4 a sebakeng sefe sa seea-le-moea. Sesebelisoa se hlahloba li-chan-neel tsohle, se fana ka kopo ea ho sibolla MLE seteisheneng se seng le se seng, 'me se emela likarabo tsa ho sibolloa ha MLE. The 802.15.4 MLE ho sibolloa hape karabelo e na le payload le marangrang parameters, ho akarelletsa le netweke Service Set Identifier (SSID), e atolositsoeng PAN ID, le litekanyetso tse ling tse bontšang hore na marang-rang a amohela litho tse ncha le hore na e tšehetsa khomishene ea matsoalloa.
   • Ho sibolla marang-rang ha ho hlokahale haeba sesebelisoa se rometsoe marang-rang hobane se tseba mocha le PAN ID e atolositsoeng bakeng sa marang-rang. Lisebelisoa tsena li hokela marang-rang li sebelisa thepa ea ho laela e fanoeng.
2. Lintlha tsa MLE
   • Hang ha sesebelisoa se kentse marang-rang, ho na le lintlha tse sa tšoaneng tse hlokahalang hore li kenye letsoho marang-rang. MLE e fana ka lits'ebeletso bakeng sa sesebelisoa ho romella unicast ho sesebelisoa sa boahelani ho kopa litekanyetso tsa marang-rang le ho ntlafatsa litšenyehelo tsa khokahano ho baahelani. Ha sesebelisoa se secha se kenella, se boetse se etsa karabelo ea phephetso ho seta li-counter foreimi tsa ts'ireletso joalo ka ha ho tšohloa karolong ea 9. Tshireletso.
   • Lisebelisoa tsohle li tšehetsa phetiso le kamohelo ea melaetsa ea tlhophiso ea lihokelo tsa MLE. Sena se kenyelletsa "kopo ea khokahano", "link amohela", le "link amohela le ho kopa" melaetsa.
   • Phapanyetsano ea MLE e sebelisetsoa ho hlophisa kapa ho fapanyetsana lintlha tse latelang:
   • Aterese e telele ea 16-bit le 64-bit EUI 64 ea lisebelisoa tsa boahelani
   • Lintlha tse mabapi le lisebelisoa, ho kenyeletsoa le haeba e le sesebelisoa se nang le boroko le nako ea ho robala ea sesebelisoa
   • Sehokelo sa boahelani se bitsa chelete e ngata haeba ho na le Thread Router
   • Lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso le li-counter foreime pakeng tsa lisebelisoa
   • Litšenyehelo tsa ho tsamaisa li-Thread Routers tse ling kaofela marang-rang
   • Ho bokella le ho aba Li-Metrics tsa Lihokelo mabapi le boleng ba lihokelo tse fapaneng
   • Hlokomela: Melaetsa ea MLE e patiloe ntle le nakong ea ts'ebetso ea pele ea node ea bootstrapping ha sesebelisoa se secha se so fumane thepa ea ts'ireletso.
3.  CoAP
   Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) joalokaha e hlalositsoe ho RFC 7252 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252: The Constrained Application Proto-col (CoAP)) ke protocol e khethehileng ea lipalangoang bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ka li-node tse thibetsoeng le marang-rang a fokolang matla. CoAP e fana ka mohlala oa tšebelisano ea kopo / karabelo lipakeng tsa lits'ebetso, e ts'ehetsa ho sibolloa ha lits'ebeletso le lisebelisoa, hape e kenyelletsa lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa web joalo ka URLs. CoAP e sebelisoa ho Thread ho lokisa liaterese tsa mesh-local le liaterese tse ngata tse hlokoang ke lisebelisoa. Ho feta moo, CoAP e boetse e sebelisetsoa melaetsa ea tsamaiso e kang ho fumana le ho beha tlhahisoleseding ea tlhahlobo le lintlha tse ling tsa marang-rang ho li-routers tse sebetsang tsa Thread.
4. DHCPv6
   DHCPv6 joalo ka ha e hlalosoa ho RFC 3315 e sebelisoa e le protocol ea li-client-server ho laola tlhophiso ea lisebelisoa ka har'a marang-rang. DHCPv6 e sebelisa UDP ho kopa data ho tsoa ho seva sa DHCP (https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3315.txt: Lenaneo la Tlhophiso la Dynamic Host bakeng sa IPv6 (DHCPv6)).
   Tšebeletso ea DHCPv6 e sebelisetsoa ho hlophisa:
   • Liaterese tsa marang-rang
   • Liaterese tsa multicast li hlokoa ke lisebelisoa
   • Hobane liaterese tse khutšoane li abeloa ho tsoa ho seva ho sebelisa DHCPv6, ha ho hlokahale ho fumana aterese e 'ngoe hape. DHCPv6 e boetse e sebelisoa ke Border Routers ba abelang liaterese ho latela sehlongwapele seo ba fanang ka sona.
5. SLAAC
   SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration) joalokaha e hlalositsoe ho RFC 4862 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4862: IPv6 Stateless Address Auto-configuration) ke mokhoa oo Border Router e abelang sehlongoapele, ebe li-bits tse 64 tsa ho qetela tsa aterese ea eona li nkiloeng ke router. The IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration mechanism ha e hloke tlhophiso ea matsoho ea mabotho, tlhophiso e nyane (haeba e teng) ea li-routers, 'me ha ho li-server tse ling. Mokhoa o se nang naha o lumella moamoheli ho iketsetsa liaterese tsa hae a sebelisa motsoako oa tlhaiso-leseling e fumanehang sebakeng sa heno le tlhahisoleseling e phatlalalitsoeng ke li-routers.
6. SRP
   Service Registration Protocol (SRP) joalo ka ha e hlalositsoe ho Service Registration Protocol for DNS-based Service Discovery e sebelisoa ho lisebelisoa tsa Thread ho qala ka Thread Specification 1.3.0. Ho tlameha ho ba le Registry ea Tšebeletso, e hlokometsoeng ke router ea moeli. Bareki ba SRP marang-rang a marang-rang ba ka ingolisa ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng. Seva ea SRP e amohela lipotso tsa ho sibolla tse thehiloeng ho DNS hape e fana ka li-cryptography tsa bohlokoa tsa sechaba bakeng sa ts'ireletso, hammoho le lintlafatso tse ling tse nyane ho ts'ehetsa bareki ba hateletsoeng hamolemo.

Tsamaiso

1. ICMP
   Lisebelisoa tsohle li tšehetsa Internet Control Message Protocol bakeng sa melaetsa ea liphoso ea IPv6 (ICMPv6), hammoho le kopo ea echo le melaetsa ea karabo ea echo.
2. Tsamaiso ea Sesebelisoa
   Karolo ea ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa e na le phihlello ea taolo ea lisebelisoa le tlhaiso-leseling ea tlhahlobo e ka sebelisoang sebakeng sa heno kapa ea bokelloa le ho romelloa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa taolo.
   Likarolong tsa 802.15.4 PHY le MAC, sesebelisoa se fana ka lintlha tse latelang ho karolo ea tsamaiso:
   • EUI 64 aterese
   • 16-bit aterese e khuts'oane
   •  Boitsebiso ba bokhoni
   • PAN ID
   • Lipakete tse rometsoeng le ho amoheloa
   • Octets e rometsoe le ho amoheloa
   • Lipakete li lahliloe ha li fetisoa kapa li amoheloa
   • Liphoso tsa ts'ireletso
   • Nomoro ea liteko tsa MAC hape
3. Tsamaiso ea Marang-rang
   Lera la marang-rang sesebediswa se boetse se fana ka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le tsamaiso le tlhahlobo e ka sebediswang sebakeng sa heno kapa ho romelloa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tsamaiso. Lera la marang-rang le fana ka lethathamo la liaterese tsa IPv6, tafole ea moahelani le ngoana, le tafole ea ho tsamaisa.

Lintlha tse Tsoelang Pele

Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang lebaleng li ka hlophisoa bocha ka phoso kapa ka morero ka mabaka a fapaneng. Lisebelisoa tse seng li setiloe bocha li hloka ho qala ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ntle le ts'ebetso ea mosebelisi. Hore sena se etsoe ka katleho, polokelo e sa fetoheng e tlameha ho boloka lintlha tse latelang:

• Lintlha tsa marang-rang (joalo ka PAN ID)
• Lisebelisoa tsa tšireletso
• Ho sebetsana le tlhahisoleseling ho tsoa marang-rang ho theha liaterese tsa IPv6 bakeng sa lisebelisoa

$Tsireletso

• Marang-rang a likhoele ke marang-rang a se nang mohala a hlokang ho sireletsoa khahlano le litlhaselo tsa moea (OTA). Li boetse li hokahane le Marang-rang, kahoo li tlameha ho sireletsoa khahlanong le litlhaselo tsa inthanete. Likopo tse ngata tse ntseng li ntlafatsoa bakeng sa Thread li tla sebeletsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea ts'ebeliso e hlokang nako e telele ea ts'ebetso e sa lebelloang le tšebeliso e tlase ea matla. Ka lebaka leo, ts'ireletso ea marang-rang a Thread e bohlokoa.
• Khoele e sebelisa senotlolo se pharalletseng sa marang-rang se sebelisoang ho Media Access Layer (MAC) bakeng sa encryption. Senotlolo sena se sebelisoa bakeng sa netefatso le encryption e tloaelehileng ea IEEE 802.15.4-2006. IEEE 802.15.4-2006 tshireletso e sireletsa marang-rang a Thread ho tloha litlhaselong tsa moea tse tsoang ka ntle ho marang-rang. Ho sekisetsa ha node efe kapa efe ho ka senola senotlolo sa marang-rang. Ka lebaka leo, hangata ha se eona feela mofuta oa tšireletso o sebelisoang ka har'a marang-rang a Thread. Node e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea marang-rang a Thread e fapanyetsana li-frame counters le baahisani ba eona ka ho ts'oarana ka letsoho ka MLE. Lisebelisoa tsena tsa foreimi li thusa ho itšireletsa khahlanong le litlhaselo tsa ho bapala hape. (Bakeng sa tlhahisoleseling e eketsehileng ka MLE, bona Tlhaloso ea Khoele.) Khoele e lumella sesebelisoa ho sebelisa protocol efe kapa efe ea ts'ireletso ea inthanete bakeng sa puisano ea ho qetela.
• Li-Node li sitisa li-interface tsa aterese tsa IP tse pharalletseng le li-ID tsa bona tse atolositsoeng tsa MAC ka ho li etsa ka linako tse ling. Setoko sa EUI64 se saenetsoeng sebakeng sa marang-rang se sebelisoa e le aterese ea mohloli feela nakong ea karolo ea pele ea ho kopanya. Hang ha node e kopantsoe le marang-rang, node e sebelisa e le mohloli oa eona ebang ke aterese e thehiloeng ho ID ea eona ea li-byte tse peli, kapa e 'ngoe ea liaterese tsa eona tse sa tloaelehang tse boletsoeng ka holimo. EUI64 ha e sebelisoe joalo ka aterese ea mohloli hang ha node e kopantsoe le marang-rang.

Tsamaiso ea marang-rang e boetse e hloka ho sireletseha. Sesebelisoa sa taolo ea marang-rang ea Thread se ka sebetsoa sesebelisoa sefe kapa sefe se hoketsoeng inthaneteng. Haeba sesebelisoa seo e se setho sa marang-rang a Thread, se tlameha ho qala ho theha Da e sireletsehilengtagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) kgokelo le Thread Border Router. Khokahano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea Thread e na le poleloana ea taolo e sebelisoang ho theha khokahano ena. Hang ha kopo ea tsamaiso e se e hokahane le marang-rang a Thread, lisebelisoa tse ncha li ka eketsoa marang-rang.

1. 802.15.4 Tshireletso
   • Tlhaloso ea IEEE 802.15.4-2006 e hlalosa li-protocol tsa phihlello tse se nang mohala le mecha ea phatlalatso bakeng sa li-PAN le li-HAN. Li-protocol tsena li reretsoe ho sebelisoa ho lisebelisoa tsa radio tse inehetseng joalo ka tse fumanehang ho tsoa ho Silicon Labs. IEEE 802.15.4-2006 e ts'ehetsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebetso, tseo bongata ba tsona li sa tsotelleng ts'ireletso. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, nahana ka taba ea sesebelisoa sa alamo se hlokomelang ho lula ha mohaho. Haeba marang-rang a sa sireletseha 'me motho ea hlaselang a fumana monyetla oa ho kena marang-rang, melaetsa e ka phatlalatsoa ho hlahisa alamo ea bohata, ho fetola alamo e teng, kapa ho khutsisa alamo e amohelehang. E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea maemo ana e baka likotsi tse kholo ho baahi ba moaho.
   • Lisebelisoa tse ngata li hloka ho boloka lekunutu 'me boholo ba tsona li hloka tšireletso ea botšepehi. 802-15.4-2006 e sebetsana le litlhoko tsena ka ho sebelisa sehokelo sa tšireletso se nang le lits'ebeletso tse 'ne tsa ts'ireletso:
   • Taolo ea phihlello
   • Botšepehi ba molaetsa
   • Lekunutu la molaetsa
   • Tšireletso ea ho bapala hape
   • Tšireletso ea replay e fanoeng ke IEEE 802.15.4-2006 ke karolo feela. Thread e fana ka ts'ireletso e eketsehileng e sebelisa ho ts'oarana ka matsoho ha MLE lipakeng tsa li-node tse boletsoeng ka holimo ho phethela ts'ireletso ea replay.
2. Secure Network Management
   Tsamaiso ea marang-rang e boetse e hloka ho sireletseha. Sesebelisoa sa taolo ea marang-rang ea Thread se ka sebetsoa sesebelisoa sefe kapa sefe se hoketsoeng inthaneteng. Ho na le likarolo tse peli tsa tšireletso:
   • Ts'ireletso ea moea eo 802.15.4 e e hlokomelang. Thread lisebelisoa 802.15.4-2006 level 5 tshireletso.
   • Marang-rang a CCM: Haeba sesebelisoa e se setho sa marang-rang sa CCM, se tlameha ho theha khokahanyo le router ea moeli oa mokokotlo e le hore se fumane setifikeiti sa sona sa ts'ebetso ho iketsetsa karolo ea sebaka sa Thread.
   • Marang-rang ao e seng a CCM: Tšireletseho ea Marang-rang: Haeba sesebelisoa ka bosona e se setho sa marang-rang a Thread, se tlameha ho qala ka ho theha khokahano e sireletsehileng ea Data-gram Transit Layer Security (DTLS) le Thread Border Router. Khokahano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea Thread e na le poleloana ea taolo e sebelisetsoang ho theha likhokahano tse sireletsehileng lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa taolo ea kantle le li-Border Routers. Hang ha kopo ea tsamaiso e se e hokahane le marang-rang a Thread, lisebelisoa tse ncha li ka eketsoa marang-rang.

Tsela ea Border

• A Thread Border Router ke sesebelisoa se hokahanyang marang-rang a se nang mohala a Thread le marang-rang a mang a thehiloeng ho IP (joalo ka Wi-Fi kapa Ethernet) lefatšeng le kantle ka marang-rang a lehae kapa khoebo. Ho fapana le liheke tsa litharollo tse ling tse se nang mehala, e pepeneneng ka botlalo ho li-protocol tsa trans-port le ts'ebeliso tse lulang kaholimo ho marang-rang. Ka lebaka leo, lits'ebetso li ka buisana ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ho tloha pheletsong ho isa qetellong ntle le phetolelo efe kapa efe ea karolo ea ts'ebeliso.
• Thread Border Router e ts'ehetsa mesebetsi e latelang hanyane:
  • Khokahano ea ho qetela ea IP ka ho tsamaisa lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa Thread le marang-rang a mang a kantle a IP.
  • Ts'ebetso ea Kantle ea Khoele (bakeng sa mohlalaample, selefounu) ho netefatsa le ho kopanya sesebelisoa sa Thread ho netweke ea Thread.

Ho ka ba le li-routers tse ngata tsa Border marang-rang, ho tlosa "ntlha e le 'ngoe ea ho hloleha" ha e 'ngoe ea tsona e sa sebetse hantle. Border Router e thusa sesebelisoa se seng le se seng sa Thread hore se hokahane ka kotloloho le lits'ebeletso tsa leru tsa lefats'e, ha marang-rang a likhoebo a tsamaisa IPv6 le IPv4, kapa IPv4 feela.

1.  Likarolo tsa Router ea Border bakeng sa Puisano ea Off-Mesh
   • Khoele e ka kengoa ts'ebetsong hang-hang maemong a hona joale a ts'ebetso, pele phetoho e sa fellang kapa e felletseng ho IPv6 le Thread e nolofalletsa IPv4 ho ikamahanya ka morao ho sebelisa Aterese ea Marang-rang.
   • Phetolelo (NAT). NAT64 e fetolela liphutheloana tsa IPv6 ho IPv4, 'me NAT64 e fetolela liphutheloana tsa IPv4 ho IPv6. Thread Border Router e ka sebetsa joalo ka moamoheli oa IPv4 ho netweke ea sebaka se pharaletseng (WAN), e khonang ho fumana sebopeho sa IPv4 le aterese ea router. E ka fumana aterese e sebelisa DHCP ho tsoa letamong la aterese ea IPv4. Thread Border Router e ka boela ea kenya tšebetsong Port Control Protocol (PCP) ho laola hore na liphutheloana tsa IPv4 tse kenang li fetoleloa le ho fetisoa le ho tšehetsa limmapa tse sa fetoheng. Boholo ba liphetolelo tsa IPv4 ho IPv6 (le ka tsela e fapaneng) li ka sebetsoa ke Khoele
   • Border Router, e nang le liphetoho tse fokolang tse hlokahalang ho netweke e teng.
     Ntle le moo, li-Thread Border Routers li ts'ehetsa khokahano ea bobeli ea IPv6 ka ho sibolla moahisani oa IPv6, lipapatso tsa router, ho sibolloa ha libapali tse ngata, le ho fetisa liphutheloana.
2. Khoele holim'a Infrastructure
   • Thread Networks e itlhophisa ka bo eona hore e be likarolo tse arohaneng tsa Thread Network ha ho se na khokahano lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse peli kapa ho feta. Likarolo tsa Thread li lumella lisebelisoa ho boloka puisano le lisebelisoa tse ling ka har'a Karolo e le 'ngoe ea Thread empa eseng ka Lisebelisoa tsa Thread likarolong tse ling.
   • Thread over Infrastructure e lumella lisebelisoa tsa Thread ho kenyelletsa mahlale a khokahano a thehiloeng ho IP (bakeng sa ex.ample, Wi-Fi le Ethernet) ho Thread topology. Lihokelo tsena tse eketsehileng tsa Thread holim'a mahlale a mang a likhokahano li fokotsa monyetla oa ho hlaha ha likarolo tse ngata tsa Thread Net-work Partitions, athe ho lumellana ka morao le lisebelisoa tse teng tsa Thread 1.1 le 1.2 ho netefalitsoe. Melemo ena e fumaneha bakeng sa topology efe kapa efe ea marang-rang e kenyelletsang bonyane li-router tse peli tsa Border tse hokahaneng ka sehokelo sa meralo ea motheo e arolelanoang.
   • Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi, sheba ho Tlhaloso ea Khoele 1.3.0 (kapa moralo oa litlhaloso tsa Thread 1.4), Khaolo ea 15 (Thread over Infrastructure).
3. OpenThread Border Router
   Ts'ebetsong ea OpenThread ea Border Router e bitsoa OpenThread Border Router (OTBR). E ts'ehetsa segokanyimmediamentsi sa marang-rang se sebelisang mofuta oa RCP. Silicon Labs e fana ka ts'ebetsong (e tšehelitsoeng ho Raspberry Pi) le khoutu ea mohloli e le karolo ea Silicon Labs GSDK. Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi, bona AN1256: Ho Sebelisa Silicon Labs RCP ka OpenThread Border Router.
   Litokomane tse mabapi le ho seta le meralo ea OTBR li fumaneha ho https://openthread.io/guides/border-router.

Sesebelisoa sa Komisi

Lisebelisoa tsa likhoele li romelloa ho marang-rang a Thread ka mekhoa e fapaneng joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe lihlopheng tse latelang.

1. Traditional Thread Commissioning
   • Bakeng sa khomishene ea marang-rang ea marang-rang a manyane (Tlhaloso ea Khoele 1.1.1 kapa ho feta), li-installers li ka sebelisa sesebelisoa sa Thread commissioning se fanoeng e le sesebelisoa sa mahala sa lisebelisoa tsa Android le iOS. Sesebelisoa sena se ka sebelisoa ho kenya lisebelisoa tse ncha habonolo marang-rang kapa ho lokisa lisebelisoa tse seng li ntse li le teng.
   • Thread e sebelisa Mesh Commissioning Protocol (MeshCoP) ho netefatsa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, khomishene le ho kopanya lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa seea-le-moea tse sa tšepahaleng ho marang-rang a marang-rang. Marang-rang a likhoele a na le marang-rang a ikemetseng a lisebelisoa a nang le li-interface tsa IEEE 802.15.4 le karolo ea ts'ireletso ea boemo ba khokahanyo e hlokang hore sesebelisoa se seng le se seng se mesh se be le senotlolo sa morao-rao sa lekunutu se arolelanoang.
   • Ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e qala ha Mokhethoa oa Khomishenara, eo hangata e leng mohala oa thekeng o hokahaneng ka WiFi, a sibolla marang-rang a Thread ka e 'ngoe ea li-router tsa eona tsa Border. Li-Border Routers li phatlalatsa ho fumaneha ha tsona ho Bakhomishenara ba sebelisa sebaka sefe kapa sefe sa tšebeletso se loketseng. Mokhoa oa ho sibolla o tlameha ho fana ka Mokhethoa oa Komisi ka bobeli tsela ea puisano le lebitso la marang-rang, hobane lebitso la marang-rang le sebelisoa hamorao e le letsoai la cryptographic bakeng sa ho theha Seboka sa Komisi.
   • Mokhethoa oa Khomishenara, ka mor'a hore a fumane marang-rang a thahasello ea Thread, o hokahana ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ho oona a sebelisa Tumello ea Tumello (lentsoe la lekunutu le khethiloeng ke motho bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ho netefatsa). Mohato oa Netefatso ea Khomishenara o theha khokahanyo e sireletsehileng ea bareki / seva pakeng tsa Mokhethoa oa Khomishenara le Routa ea Border ka DTLS. Seboka sena se sireletsehileng se tsejoa e le Seboka sa Komisi. Seboka sa Komisi se sebelisa nomoro ea boema-kepe ea UDP e phatlalalitsoeng nakong ea ho sibolloa. Boema-kepe bona bo tsejoa ka hore ke Commissioner Port. Bopaki bo sebelisitsoeng ho theha Seboka sa Khomishene bo tsejoa e le Senotlolo se Abelanoeng Pele sa Khomishenara (PSKc).
   • Mokhethoa oa Khomishenara joale o ngolisa boitsebiso ba hae ho Border Router ea hae. Moetapele o arabela ka ho amohela kapa ho hana Border Router joalo ka e ka fetisetsoang ho Khomishenara.
   • Ha a amohela, Moetapele o nchafatsa boemo ba hae ba kahare ho latela Mokomishinara ea sebetsang, 'me Border Router e ntan'o romela molaetsa oa netefatso ho Commissioner Candidate ho tsebisa sesebelisoa hore joale ke Commissioner.
   • Ha ho na le Mokomishinara ea lumelletsoeng ea amanang le Thread Network, hoa khonahala ho kenela Lisebelisoa tse tšoanelehang tsa Thread. Tsena li tsejoa e le Bakopanyi pele ba fetoha karolo ea
   • Marang-rang a khoele. The Joiner o qala ka ho theha khokahano ea DTLS le Com-missioner ho fapanyetsana thepa ea komisi. E ntan'o sebelisa thepa ea ho laela ho hokela marang-rang a Thread. Node e nkoa e le karolo ea marang-rang feela ka mor'a hore mehato ena e 'meli e phethoe. E ka 'na ea kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa ho kopanya bakeng sa li-node tse tlang. Mehato ena kaofela e tiisa hore sesebelisoa se nepahetseng se kentse marang-rang a nepahetseng a Thread, le hore marang-rang a Thread ka boeona a sireletsehile khahlanong le litlhaselo tsa waelese le marang-rang. Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka Protocol ea Komisi ea Mesh, bona litlhaloso tsa Thread.
2. Khomishene e Ntlafalitsoeng ka Katoloso ea Khoebo ho Khoele ea 1.2
   • Tlhaloso ea Thread 1.2 le Katoloso ea eona ea Khoebo joale li lumella marang-rang a maholoanyane, joalo ka a hlokahalang meahong ea liofisi, meahong ea sechaba, lihotele, kapa mefuta e meng ea meaho ea indasteri kapa ea khoebo. Ka lebaka la ts'ehetso e betere ea subnetting, Thread Spec-ification 1.2 e lumella lisebelisoa tse likete sebakeng se le seng, tse ka hlophisoang ka letsoho, ka boikemelo, le ka likarolo tse tsoetseng pele tsa komporo e hole.
   • The Commercial Extensions ho Thread 1.2 e lumella netefatso e kholo, ho ikopanya le marang-rang, ho solla ha subnet, le ts'ebetso e ipapisitseng le boitsebahatso bo tšepahalang ho Enterprise Domain. Ho etsa bonnete ba bonnete ba lisebelisoa le netefatso ea tlhaiso-leseling ea tumello, mochini o kenyang sistimi o ka theha Enterprise Certificate Authority ho nolofatsa ho tsamaisa marang-rang a maholo. Sena se lumella motho ea kenyang hore a thehe le ho boloka marang-rang ntle le ho fihlella ka ho toba ho lisebelisoa tsa motho ka mong le ntle le ho sebelisana ka ho toba le lisebelisoa tsena, ka mokhoa oa ho ngolisa o ikemetseng o bitsoang Autonomous Inrollment. Ho fapana le Thread 1.1, moo paskhoutu ea sesebelisoa e tsamaisanang le eona e sebelisoang bakeng sa netefatso, Keketso ea Khoebo ho Thread 1.2 e tla ts'ehetsa mofuta o mong oa netefatso o thehiloeng ho setifikeiti. Marang-rang a khoebo a ka ba le sebaka se le seng kapa ho feta Thread Domain mme e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea Thread Domain e ka hlophisoa ho kopanya li-network tse ngata tsa Thread.

Lera la Kopo

Thread ke mohala oa marang-rang oa marang-rang o ikarabellang bakeng sa ho tsamaisa melaetsa pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng ho marang-rang a Thread a hlalositsoeng karolong ea 2.2 Thread Network Architecture. Setšoantšo se latelang se bontša likarolo ho protocol ea Thread.

Setšoantšo sa 12.1. Mekhahlelo ea Protocol ea Thread

• Tlhaloso e tloaelehileng ea lera la ts'ebeliso ke "sekhahla sa abstraction se hlalosang liprothokholo tse arolelanoang le mekhoa ea li-interface e sebelisoang ke mabotho a marang-rang a likhokahano" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_layer). Ka mantsoe a bonolo haholoanyane, karolo ea ts'ebeliso ke "puo ea lisebelisoa" bakeng sa mohlalaample, hore na switch e bua joang le tleloubu. Ka ho sebelisa litlhaloso tsena, karolo ea ts'ebeliso ha e eo ho Thread. Bareki ba haha ​​​​sebaka sa kopo ho latela bokhoni ba Thread stack le litlhoko tsa bona. Leha Thread e sa fane ka sekhahla sa kopo, e fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa mantlha tsa kopo:
• UDP melaetsa
  UDP e fana ka mokhoa oa ho romella melaetsa ka ho sebelisa nomoro ea port ea 16-bit le aterese ea IPv6. UDP ke protocol e bonolo ho feta TCP mme e na le khokahano e nyane e holimo (mohlalaample, UDP ha e sebelise melaetsa ea ho boloka e phela). Ka lebaka leo, UDP e nolofalletsa melaetsa e potlakileng, e phahameng le ho fokotsa tekanyetso ea kakaretso ea matla a kopo. UDP e boetse e na le sebaka se senyenyane sa khoutu ho feta TCP, se sieang khanya e fumanehang ho chip bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa tloaelo.
• Melaetsa e mengata
  Khoele e fana ka bokhoni ba ho phatlalatsa melaetsa, ke hore, ho romella molaetsa o tšoanang ho li-node tse ngata ho marang-rang a Thread. Mul-ticast e lumella mokhoa o hahelletsoeng oa ho bua le li-node tsa boahelani, li-routers, le marang-rang a Thread a nang le liaterese tse tloaelehileng tsa IPv6.
• Likarolo tsa kopo li sebelisa litšebeletso tsa IP
  Khoele e lumella ts'ebeliso ea likarolo tsa ts'ebeliso joalo ka UDP le CoAP ho lumella lisebelisoa ho hokahana inthaneteng. Likarolo tsa kopo tseo e seng tsa IP li tla hloka ho ikamahanya le maemo ho sebetsa ho Thread. (Sheba RFC 7252 bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka CoAP.)
  • Silicon Labs OpenThread SDK e kenyelletsa tse latelang sample lits'ebetso tse fumanehang hape ho tsoa ho OpenThread GitHub re-pository:• ot-cli-ftd
  • ot-cli-mtd
  • ot-rcp (e sebelisitsoeng hammoho le OpenThread Border Router)
• Lisebelisoa tsena li ka sebelisoa ho bonts'a likarolo tsa marang-rang a Thread. Ntle le moo, Silicon Labs OpenThread SDK e boetse e fana ka sesebelisoa sa ho qetela sa boroko sample app (sleepy-demo-ftd le sleepy-demo-mtd), e bonts'ang mokhoa oa ho sebelisa likarolo tsa taolo ea matla a Silicon Labs ho theha sesebelisoa sa matla a tlase. Qetellong, ot-ble-dmp sampSesebelisoa se bonts'a mokhoa oa ho aha sesebelisoa se matla sa multiprotocol ho sebelisa OpenThread le Silicon Labs Bluetooth stack. Sheba QSG170: OpenThread Quick-Start Guide bakeng sa lintlha tse ling mabapi le ho sebetsa le example lisebelisoa ho Simplicity Studio 5.

Mehato e Latelang

• Silicon Labs OpenThread SDK e kenyelletsa setifikeiti sa marang-rang sa OpenThread se netefalitsoeng le s.ample lits'ebetso tse bonts'ang marang-rang a mantlha le boitšoaro ba ts'ebeliso. Bareki ba khothalletsoa ho sebelisa tse kenyellelitsoeng sample likopo tsa ho tloaelana le Thread ka kakaretso le nyehelo ea Silicon Labs haholo-holo. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lits'ebetso e bonts'a hore na lisebelisoa li theha le ho kopanya marang-rang joang, le hore na melaetsa e romelloa le ho amoheloa joang. Lisebelisoa li teng bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ka mor'a ho kenya Simplicity Studio 5 le Silicon Labs OpenThread SDK. Bonolo Studio 5 e kenyelletsa ts'ehetso ea ho theha lits'ebetso (Project Configurator) le ho hlophisa melaetsa ea marang-rang le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang (Network Analyzer) ho Thread e fanang ka temohisiso e eketsehileng mabapi le ts'ebetso ea marang-rang a Thread. Ho fumana lintlha tse ling, bona QSG170: OpenThread Quick-Start Guide.
• Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka OpenThread Border Routers bona AN1256: Ho Sebelisa Silicon Labs RCP ka OpenThread Border Rout-er. Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le ho nts'etsapele Thread 1.3.0 sample lits'ebetso bona AN1372: Ho hlophisa lits'ebetso tsa OpenThread bakeng sa Thread 1.3.

Boithorollo

• Silicon Labs e rerile ho fa bareki litokomane tsa morao-rao, tse nepahetseng, le tse tebileng tsa lisebelisoa tsohle le li-module tse fumanehang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa tsamaiso le lisebelisoa tse sebelisang kapa tse ikemiselitseng ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tsa Silicon Labs. Lintlha tsa sebopeho, li-module tse fumanehang le li-peripherals, boholo ba memori le liaterese tsa memori li bua ka sesebelisoa se seng le se seng, 'me li-parameter tsa "Ts'aelo" tse fanoeng li ka fapana ebile lia fapana lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng. Mohlala oa kopoamptse hlalositsoeng mona ke tsa merero ea litšoantšo feela. Silicon Labs e na le tokelo ea ho etsa liphetoho ntle le tsebiso e eketsehileng ho tlhahisoleseding ea sehlahisoa, litlhaloso le litlhaloso tse teng mona, 'me ha e fane ka litiisetso mabapi le ho nepahala kapa botlalo ba tlhahisoleseding e kenyellelitsoeng. Ntle le tsebiso ea pele, Silicon Labs e ka ntlafatsa firmware ea sehlahisoa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso bakeng sa mabaka a ts'ireletso kapa a ts'epahalo. Liphetoho tse joalo li ke ke tsa fetola litlhaloso kapa ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa. Silicon Labs e ke ke ea ba le boikarabello bakeng sa litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea tlhaiso-leseling e fanoeng tokomaneng ena. Tokomane ena ha e bolele kapa e fane ka tumello e hlakileng ea ho rala kapa ho etsa lipotoloho life kapa life tse kopaneng. Lihlahisoa ha lia etsoa kapa ha lia lumelloa ho sebelisoa ka har'a lisebelisoa life kapa life tsa FDA Class III, likopo tseo ho tsona ho hlokehang tumello ea FDA pele kapa Life Support Systems ntle le tumello e ngotsoeng ea
• Li-Labs tsa silicon. "Sistimi ea Ts'ehetso ea Bophelo" ke sehlahisoa kapa sistimi efe kapa efe e reretsoeng ho ts'ehetsa kapa ho ts'ehetsa bophelo le / kapa bophelo bo botle, boo, haeba bo hloleha, bo ka lebelloang ka mokhoa o utloahalang ho fella ka kotsi e kholo ea motho kapa lefu. Lihlahisoa tsa Silicon Labs ha lia etsoa kapa ha lia lumelloa ho sebelisoa sesoleng. Lihlahisoa tsa Silicon Labs li ke ke tsa sebelisoa ho libetsa tse senyang batho ba bangata ho kenyeletsoa (empa li sa felle ho) libetsa tsa nyutlelie, likokoana-hloko kapa lik'hemik'hale, kapa limisaele tse khonang ho fana ka libetsa tse joalo. Silicon Labs ha e fane ka litiisetso tsohle tse hlakileng le tse boletsoeng 'me e ke ke ea ikarabella kapa ea ikarabella bakeng sa likotsi kapa ts'enyehelo e amanang le ts'ebeliso ea sehlahisoa sa Silicon Labs lits'ebetsong tse sa lumelloeng. Tlhokomeliso: Litaba tsena li kanna tsa ba le mantsoe a khopisang a seng a sa sebetse. Silicon Labs e nkela mantsoe ana sebaka ka puo e kenyeletsang hohle moo ho khonehang. Ho fumana lintlha tse ling, etela www.silabs.com/about-us/inclusive-lexicon-project

Lintlha tsa Letšoao la Khoebo

• Silicon Laboratories Inc.®, Silicon Laboratories®, Silicon Labs®, SiLabs® le Silicon Labs logo®, Bluegiga®, Bluegiga Logo®, EFM®, EFM32®, EFR, Ember®, Energy Micro, logo ea Energy Micro le metsoako ea eona. , “li-microcontrollers tse sebetsang hantle ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng”, Redpine Signals®, WiSeConnect , n-Link, EZLink®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, Gecko®, Gecko OS, Gecko OS Studio, Precision32®, Simplicity Studio®, Telegesis, the Telegesis Logo®, USBXpress® , Zentri, logo ea Zentri le Zentri DMS, Z-Wave®, le tse ling ke matšoao a khoebo kapa matšoao a ngolisitsoeng a
• Li-Labs tsa silicon. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 le THUMB ke matshwao a kgwebo kapa matshwao a kgwebo a ngodisitsweng a ARM Holdings. Keil ke lets'oao la khoebo le ngolisitsoeng la ARM Limited. Wi-Fi ke letšoao la khoebo le ngolisitsoeng la
• Khokahano ea Wi-Fi. Lihlahisoa tse ling kaofela kapa mabitso a mabitso a boletsoeng mona ke matšoao a beng ba ona.
  • Silicon Laboratories Inc. 400 West Cesar Chavez Austin, TX 78701 USA
  • www.silabs.com

Litokomane / Lisebelisoa

SILICON LABS UG103.11 Thread Basics Software [pdf] Bukana ea Mosebelisi UG103.11 Thread Fundamentals Software, UG103.11, Thread Fundamentals Software, Basics Software, Software

Litšupiso

• Bukana ea Mosebelisi