SILICON LABS UG103.11 Thread Basics Software

Zofotokozera:

• Dzina lazogulitsa: Zofunika Zazingwe
• Wopanga: Silicon Labs
• Protocol: Ulusi
• Mtundu: Chiv. 1.6
• Wireless Networking Protocol: Mesh networking
• Miyezo Yothandizira: IEEE, IETF

Zambiri Zamalonda

Thread Fundamentals ndi njira yotetezeka, yopanda zingwe ya maukonde opangidwa ndi Silicon Labs. Imathandizira ma adilesi a IPv6, kulumikiza kotsika mtengo kupita ku maukonde ena a IP, ndipo imakongoletsedwa kuti ikhale yotsika mphamvu, yoyendetsedwa ndi batire. Protocol idapangidwa kuti ikhale yolumikizidwa Kunyumba ndi ntchito zamalonda komwe ma netiweki a IP amafunidwa.

Malangizo Ogwiritsa Ntchito

1. Chiyambi cha Thread Fundamentals:
   Thread ndi njira yotetezeka, yopanda zingwe ya ma mesh network yomwe imamangidwa pamiyezo yomwe ilipo ya IEEE ndi IETF. Imathandizira kulumikizana kwa chipangizo ndi chipangizo mu Connected Home ndi ntchito zamalonda.
2. OpenThread Implementation:
   OpenThread, kukhazikitsidwa kosunthika kwa protocol ya Thread, imapereka kulumikizana kodalirika, kotetezeka, komanso kocheperako kopanda zingwe pazida pazogwiritsa ntchito nyumba ndi malonda. Silicon Labs imapereka protocol yochokera ku OpenThread yogwirizana ndi zida zawo, zomwe zimapezeka pa GitHub komanso ngati gawo la Simplicity Studio 5 SDK.
3. Umembala wa Gulu la Thread:
   Kulowa nawo Gulu la Thread kumapereka mwayi wopeza certification yazinthu komanso kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizidwa ndi Thread. Mitundu yotsatila ya Thread Specification imalengezedwa ndi mapulogalamu a certification mu 2022.

FAQ:

• Q: Kodi ndingatsitse bwanji Mauthenga Atsopano aposachedwa?
  A: Mauthenga aposachedwa a Thread akhoza kutsitsidwa potumiza pempho pa Thread Group website pa https://www.threadgroup.org/ThreadSpec.
• Q: Kodi advan wamkulu ndi chiyanitagndikugwiritsa ntchito Thread mu zida za IoT?
  A: Ulusi umapereka njira yotetezeka, yopanda zingwe yolumikizira maukonde yomwe imathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso kulumikizana ndi chipangizo ndi chipangizo, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kutengera komanso kuvomereza kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pazida za IoT.

UG103.11: Zofunika Zazingwe

• Chikalatachi zikuphatikizapo maziko mwachidule pa zikamera wa
• Thread, imapereka ukadaulo wopitiliraview, ndikufotokozera zina zazikulu za Thread zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukakhazikitsa yankho la Thread.
• Mndandanda wa Silicon Labs' Fundamentals umakhala ndi mitu yomwe oyang'anira polojekiti, osayinira mapulogalamu, ndi opanga mapulogalamu ayenera kumvetsetsa asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira intaneti.
• Tchipisi za Silicon Labs, ma stacks ochezera pa intaneti monga EmberZNet PRO kapena Silicon Labs Bluetooth®, ndi zida zachitukuko zogwirizana. Zolembazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati poyambira kwa aliyense amene akufuna chidziwitso chopanga ma intaneti opanda zingwe, kapena yemwe ndi watsopano ku malo otukuka a Silicon Labs.

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA

• Imayambitsa Thread ndikupereka ukadaulo wopitiliraview.
• Imafotokoza zina mwazinthu zazikulu za Thread, kuphatikiza stack yake ya IP, network topology, routing and network network, kujowina netiweki, kasamalidwe, deta yosalekeza, chitetezo, rauta yamalire, kutumiza zida, ndi kusanja kwa ntchito.
• Muli ndi zosintha za Thread Specification 1.3.0.
• Mulinso masitepe otsatirawa pogwira ntchito ndi Silicon Labs OpenThread chopereka.

Mawu Oyamba

1. Silicon Labs ndi intaneti ya Zinthu
   • Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) idafotokozedwa mu 1981 mu RFC 791, DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification. ("RFC" imayimira "Pempho la Ndemanga.") Pogwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a 32-bit (4-byte), IPv4 idapereka ma adilesi apadera 232 a zida zapaintaneti, pafupifupi ma adilesi pafupifupi 4.3 biliyoni. Komabe, pamene chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zipangizo chinakula kwambiri, zinali zoonekeratu kuti chiwerengero cha maadiresi a IPv4 chidzatha ndipo pakufunika mtundu watsopano wa IP. Chifukwa chake chitukuko cha IPv6 mu 1990s ndi cholinga chake cholowa m'malo mwa IPv4. Ndi ma adilesi a 128-bit (16-byte), IPv6 imalola ma adilesi 2128, maadilesi opitilira 7.9×1028 kuposa IPv4 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6).
   • Vuto lamakampani omwe ali mumakampani ophatikizidwa ngati Silicon Labs ndikuthana ndi kusamuka kwaukadaulo komanso chofunikira kwambiri zomwe makasitomala amafuna pamene tikusamukira kudziko lolumikizidwa nthawi zonse la zida zanyumba ndi zamalonda, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa zofiira. Intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT). Pamlingo wapamwamba zolinga za IoT za Silicon Labs ndi:
   • Lumikizani zida zonse zapanyumba ndi malo ogulitsa ndi maukonde apamwamba kwambiri, kaya ndi Zigbee PRO, Thread, Blue-tooth, kapena miyezo ina yomwe ikubwera.
   • Limbikitsani ukadaulo wa kampaniyo pazamphamvu zowongolera ma microcontrollers.
   • Limbikitsani zida zamphamvu zotsika, zosakanikirana.
   • Perekani mlatho wotsika mtengo kuzida zomwe zilipo kale za Efaneti ndi Wi-Fi.
   • Yambitsani mautumiki amtambo ndi kulumikizana ndi mafoni ndi mapiritsi omwe angalimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito wamba kwa makasitomala.
     Kukwaniritsa zolinga zonsezi kudzakulitsa kuchuluka kwa kutengera komanso kuvomereza kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pazida za IoT.
2. Gulu la Thread
   • Thread Group (https://www.threadgroup.org/) idakhazikitsidwa pa July 15, 2014. Silicon Labs inali kampani yoyambitsa pamodzi ndi makampani ena asanu ndi limodzi. Thread Group ndi gulu lophunzitsa zamsika lomwe limapereka chiphaso chazinthu ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida za Thread-enabled de-vice-to-device (D2D) ndi makina opangira makina (M2M). Umembala mu Thread Group watsegulidwa.
   • Ulusi Specification 1.1 utha kutsitsidwa mutatumiza pempho apa: https://www.threadgroup.org/ThreadSpec. Matembenuzidwe otsatila a Thread Specification, 1.2 ndi 1.3.0, adalengezedwanso ndi mapulogalamu a certification mu 2022. Zomwe zaposachedwa za 1.4-draft Thread specification zimapezeka kwa mamembala a Thread okha.
3. Kodi Thread ndi chiyani?
   Ulusi ndi njira yotetezeka, yopanda zingwe ya network mesh. The Thread stack ndi muyezo wotseguka womwe umamangidwa pagulu la Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ndi Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), osati mulingo watsopano (onani chithunzichi).
4. Ulusi General Makhalidwe
   • The Thread stack imathandizira ma adilesi a IPv6 ndipo imapereka mlatho wotsika mtengo kumanetiweki ena a IP ndipo imakongoletsedwa kuti igwire ntchito yotsika mphamvu / batri-backed, komanso kulumikizana ndi zida zopanda zingwe. The Thread stack idapangidwira mwachindunji Kulumikizidwa Kwanyumba ndi ntchito zamalonda komwe ma intaneti ozikidwa pa IP amafunidwa ndipo magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa stack.
   • Izi ndizomwe zimachitika pa Thread stack:
   • Kukhazikitsa kosavuta kwa netiweki, kuyambitsa, ndikugwira ntchito: The Thread stack imathandizira ma topology angapo a netiweki. Kuyika ndi kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito foni yamakono, piritsi, kapena kompyuta. Makhodi oyika zinthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zovomerezeka zokha zitha kulowa nawo pa intaneti. Ma protocol osavuta opangira ndi kujowina maukonde amalola makina kuti adzikonzere okha ndikukonza zovuta zamayendedwe akamachitika.
   • Otetezedwa: Zipangizo sizimalumikizana ndi netiweki pokhapokha zitavomerezedwa ndipo zolumikizirana zonse zili ndichinsinsi komanso zotetezedwa. Chitetezo chimaperekedwa pa intaneti ndipo chikhoza kukhala pagawo la ntchito. Maukonde onse a Thread amasungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yotsimikizika yanthawi ya smartphone ndi Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption. Chitetezo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma Thread network ndi champhamvu kuposa miyezo ina yopanda zingwe yomwe Thread Group idawunikira.
   • Maukonde ang'onoang'ono ndi akulu apanyumba: Maukonde akunyumba amasiyana kuchokera pazida zingapo mpaka mazana ambiri. Malo ochezera a pa intaneti adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse ntchito ya netiweki kutengera momwe akuyembekezeredwa.
   • Maukonde akulu azamalonda: Pakuyika kwamabizinesi akuluakulu, netiweki imodzi ya Thread siyokwanira kuphimba zonse zogwiritsa ntchito, makina ndi ma netiweki. Mtundu wa Thread Domain umalola scalability mpaka 10,000s ya zida za Thread pakutumiza kamodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana zosiyanasiyana (Thread, Ethernet, Wi-fi, ndi zina zotero).
   • Kupeza ndi kulumikizana kwa Bi-directional: Multicast ndi kuwulutsa sizothandiza pamanetiweki opanda zingwe. Pakulankhulana ndi ma mesh, Thread imapereka kaundula wautumiki komwe zida zimatha kulembetsa kupezeka kwawo ndi ntchito, ndipo makasitomala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso a unicast kuti adziwe ntchito zolembetsedwa.
   • Range: Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zimapatsa mwayi wokwanira kuphimba nyumba yabwinobwino. Mapangidwe omwe amapezeka mosavuta ndi mphamvu ampma lifiers amawonjezera mtunda kwambiri. Kugawidwa kofalikira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Physical Layer (PHY) kuti asasokonezedwe. Pazokhazikitsa zamalonda, mtundu wa Thread Domain umalola maukonde angapo a Thread kuti azilumikizana wina ndi mnzake pamsana, motero amakulitsa mtunduwo kuti uphimbe ma mesh ambiri.
   • Palibe vuto limodzi lolephera: The Thread stack idapangidwa kuti ipereke magwiridwe antchito otetezeka komanso odalirika ngakhale kulephera kapena kutayika kwa zida zilizonse. Zida za ulusi zimathanso kuphatikizira maulalo ozikidwa pa IPv6 monga Wi-Fi ndi Ethernet mu topology kuti achepetse mwayi wa magawo angapo a Thread. Mwanjira iyi, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwachulukidwe, kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe, komanso kufalikira kwa maulalo azomangamanga, kwinaku akuthandizira zida zamagetsi zotsika.
   • Mphamvu zochepa: Zipangizo zimalumikizana bwino kuti zithandizire ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi moyo wazaka zoyembekezeredwa pansi pamikhalidwe yanthawi zonse. Zipangizo zimatha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo pa mabatire amtundu wa AA pogwiritsa ntchito mizere yoyenera.
   • Zotsika mtengo: Ma chipset ogwirizana ndi ma stacks a mapulogalamu ochokera kwa ogulitsa angapo amagulidwa kuti atumizidwe kwa anthu ambiri ndipo amapangidwa kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri.
5.  OpenThread
   • OpenThread yotulutsidwa ndi Google ndikukhazikitsa kotsegula kwa Thread®. Google yatulutsa OpenThread kuti ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito ukonde wogwiritsidwa ntchito muzogulitsa za Google Nest upezeke kwambiri kwa opanga, kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko cha zinthu zamanyumba olumikizidwa ndi nyumba zamalonda.
   • Ndi nsanja yopapatiza yocheperako komanso kukumbukira pang'ono, OpenThread ndiyotheka kwambiri. Imathandizira mapangidwe a system-on-chip (SoC) ndi ma radio co-processor (RCP).
   • OpenThread imatanthauzira njira yolumikizirana yodalirika ya IPv6 yozikidwa pa IPv1.1.1, yotetezeka, komanso yotsika kwambiri yopanda zingwe yolumikizirana panyumba ndi malonda. Imagwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Thread Specification 1.2, Thread Specification 1.3.0, Thread Specification 1.4, ndi draft Thread Specification XNUMX (monga kutulutsidwa kwa chikalatachi).
   • Silicon Labs yakhazikitsa protocol yochokera ku OpenThread yogwirizana ndi zida za Silicon Labs. Protocol iyi ikupezeka pa GitHub komanso ngati pulogalamu yopangira mapulogalamu (SDK) yoyikidwa ndi Simplicity Studio 5. SDK ndi chithunzi choyesedwa bwino cha gwero la Gi-tHub. Imathandizira zida zambiri kuposa momwe GitHub ilili, ndipo imaphatikizapo zolemba ndi zakaleampmapulogalamu osapezeka pa GitHub.

Thread Technology Yathaview

1. IEEE 802.15.4
   • Mafotokozedwe a IEEE 802.15.4-2006 ndi mulingo wolumikizirana opanda zingwe womwe umatanthawuza zigawo zopanda zingwe za Medium Access Control (MAC) ndi Physical (PHY) zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa 250 kbps mu band ya 2.4 GHz, yokhala ndi mapu amsewu opita kumagulu a subGHz (IEEE 802.15.4. 2006-802.15.4 Kufotokozera). Zopangidwa ndi mphamvu zochepa m'maganizo, XNUMX ndi yoyenera kwa mapulogalamu omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo ma node ambiri.
   • Chigawo cha 802.15.4 MAC chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera uthenga wofunikira komanso kuwongolera kusokonekera. Chigawo cha MAC ichi chimaphatikizapo njira ya Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) ya zipangizo kuti zimvetsere kanjira yomveka bwino, komanso ulalo wolumikizira kuti ugwirenso zoyeserera komanso kuvomereza mauthenga olumikizana odalirika pakati pa zida zoyandikana. Kubisa kosanjikiza kwa MAC kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mauthenga otengera makiyi omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndikukonzedwa ndi zigawo zapamwamba za pulogalamuyo. Zosanjikiza za netiweki zimamangirira pamakina oyambira awa kuti apereke kulumikizana kodalirika kumapeto kwa netiweki.
   • Kuyambira ndi Thread Specification 1.2, kukhathamiritsa zingapo kuchokera ku IEEE 802.15.4-2015 zakhazikitsidwa kuti ma Thread network akhale olimba, omvera komanso owopsa:
   • Kudikirira kwa Frame Yowonjezera: Imakweza moyo wa batri komanso kuyankha kwa chipangizo chogona (SED), pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mauthenga omwe SED ingatumize pamlengalenga. Paketi iliyonse ya data yomwe imachokera ku SED (osati zopempha za data) ikhoza kuvomerezedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa deta yomwe ikubwera.
   • Kupititsa patsogolo Keepalive: Kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ofunikira kuti musunge ulalo pakati pa SED ndi kholo powona uthenga uliwonse wa data ngati njira yotumizira maukonde.
   • Coordinated SampKumvetsera motsogozedwa (CSL): Izi za IEEE 802.15.4-2015 Zofotokozera zimalola kulumikizana kwabwinoko pakati pa SED ndi kholo pokonza nthawi yolumikizana yotumizira/kulandira popanda kufunsira deta nthawi ndi nthawi. Izi zimathandizira zida zamphamvu zotsika zomwe zimakhala ndi latency yocheperako yolumikizirana ndi netiweki yokhala ndi mwayi wocheperako wa kugunda kwa mauthenga.
   • Kufufuza Kwapamwamba kwa ACK: Chidziwitso cha IEEE 802.15.4-2015chi chimalola woyambitsa kuwongolera mozama pa mafunso a ulalo wa metric kwinaku akupulumutsa mphamvu pogwiritsanso ntchito njira zanthawi zonse zamagalimoto m'malo mopatula mauthenga ofufuza.
2. Thread Network Architecture
   1. Zomangamanga Zogona
      Ogwiritsa ntchito amalumikizana ndi netiweki ya Thread kuchokera pazida zawo (za smartphone, piritsi, kapena kompyuta) kudzera pa Wi-Fi pa Home Area Network (HAN) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yamtambo. Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa mitundu yayikulu yazida zamapangidwe a Thread network.

Chithunzi 2.1. Thread Network Architecture
Mitundu yotsatirayi ikuphatikizidwa mu netiweki ya Thread, kuyambira pa netiweki ya Wi-Fi:

• Ma Border Routers amapereka kulumikizana kuchokera pa netiweki ya 802.15.4 kupita ku maukonde oyandikana ndi zigawo zina zakuthupi (Wi-Fi, Efaneti, ndi zina). Ma Border Routers amapereka chithandizo pazida zomwe zili mkati mwa netiweki ya 802.15.4, kuphatikiza mautumiki apanjira ndi kupezeka kwa ntchito zapaintaneti. Pakhoza kukhala imodzi kapena zingapo Border Routers mu Thread network.
• Mtsogoleri, mu gawo la Thread network, amayang'anira kaundula wa ma ID a router ndipo amavomereza zopempha kuchokera kuzipangizo zoyenerera za router (REEDs) kuti akhale ma router. Mtsogoleri amasankha omwe ayenera kukhala ma router, ndipo Mtsogoleri, monga ma routers onse muukonde wa Thread, amathanso kukhala ndi ana omaliza zida. Mtsogoleriyo amaperekanso ndikuwongolera maadiresi a router pogwiritsa ntchito CoAP (Constrained Appli-cation Protocol). Komabe, zidziwitso zonse zomwe zili mu Mtsogoleri zilipo mu Ma Thread Routers ena. Chifukwa chake, ngati Mtsogoleri alephera kapena ataya kulumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya Thread, Thread Router ina imasankhidwa, ndipo imatenga Mtsogoleri popanda kulowererapo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
• Ma Thread Routers amapereka mautumiki apanjira pazida zama netiweki. Ma Thread Routers amaperekanso ntchito zojowina ndi chitetezo pazida zomwe zikuyesera kujowina netiweki. Ma Thread Routers sanapangidwe kuti azigona ndipo amatha kutsitsa magwiridwe antchito ake ndikukhala ma REED.
• Ma REED amatha kukhala Thread Router kapena Mtsogoleri, koma osati Border Router yomwe ili ndi zinthu zapadera, monga zolumikizira zingapo. Chifukwa cha ma network topology kapena zinthu zina, REEDs samachita ngati ma routers. Ma REED satumiza mauthenga kapena kupereka zojowina kapena chitetezo pazida zina pamanetiweki. Maukondewa amawongolera ndikulimbikitsa zida zoyenera za router kwa ma routers ngati kuli kofunikira, popanda kuyanjana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
• Zipangizo zomaliza zomwe sizili zoyenerera rauta zitha kukhala ma FED (zida zonse) kapena MED (zida zocheperako). Ma MED safunikira kulunzanitsa momveka bwino ndi kholo lawo kuti alankhule.
• Zida zogona (SEDs) zimalumikizana kudzera pa kholo lawo la Thread Router ndipo sizitha kutumiza mauthenga pazida zina.
• Synchronized Sleepy End Devices (SSEDs) ndi kalasi ya Sleepy End Devices omwe amagwiritsa ntchito CSL kuchokera ku IEEE 802.15.4-2015 kuti asunge ndandanda yolumikizidwa ndi kholo, kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zopempha zanthawi zonse.

Zomangamanga Zamalonda
Mtundu wa Thread Commercial umatenga mitundu yayikulu yazida zama network okhalamo ndikuwonjezera malingaliro atsopano. Ogwiritsa ntchito amalumikizana ndi netiweki yamalonda kudzera pazida (foni yamakono, piritsi, kapena kompyuta) kudzera pa Wi-Fi kapena kudzera pamabizinesi awo. Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa topology ya network network.

Chithunzi 2.2. Malingaliro a kampani Commercial Network Topology

Malingaliro ndi:

• Mtundu wa Thread Domain umathandizira kuphatikiza kosasunthika kwa ma Thread Networks angapo komanso mawonekedwe osasunthika kuma network omwe si a Thread IPv6. Phindu lalikulu la Thread Domain ndikuti zida zimatha kusinthika pang'onopang'ono kuti zigwirizane ndi Thread Net-work yomwe ilipo yokhazikitsidwa ndi Thread Domain wamba, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunikira kokonzekera pamanja pamanja kapena kukonzanso kwapamanja kokwera mtengo pomwe kukula kwa netiweki kapena voliyumu ya data ikukulira. pamwamba.
• Backbone Border Routers (BBRs) ndi gulu la Border Router mu malo ogulitsa omwe amathandizira kulunzanitsa kwa Thread Domain kwa magawo angapo a netiweki ndikuloleza kufalikira kwakukulu kwa ma multicast kulowa ndi kutuluka mu mesh iliyonse mu Thread Do-main. Netiweki ya Thread yomwe ili gawo la domain yayikulu iyenera kukhala ndi "Primary" BBR imodzi ndipo imatha kukhala ndi ma "Secondary" BBR angapo pakulephera kubweza ntchito. Ma BBR amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pamsana womwe umalumikiza maukonde onse a Thread.
• A Backbone Link ndi ulalo wopanda Thread IPv6 womwe BBR imalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe akunja omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa Thread Backbone Link Protocol (TBLP) kuti alumikizitse ndi ma BBR ena.
• Ma Thread Devices pakukhazikitsa malonda amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Thread Domains ndi Domain Unique Address (DUAs). DUA ya chipangizo sichisintha pa moyo wake wonse pokhala gawo la Thread domain. Izi zimathandizira kusamuka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Thread mu domeni imodzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma BBR omwe akutsata amathandizira kuyenda pamanetiweki angapo a Thread.

Malingaliro awa akufotokozedwa mu chithunzi chotsatira:

Chithunzi 2.3. Thread Domain Model
Palibe Imodzi Yolephereka

• The Thread stack idapangidwa kuti isakhale ndi mfundo imodzi yolephera. Ngakhale pali zida zingapo m'dongosolo zomwe zimagwira ntchito zapadera, Thread idapangidwa kuti izisinthidwe popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a netiweki kapena zida. Za exampLero, chipangizo chakumapeto chogona chimafuna kholo kuti lizilumikizana, kotero kholo ili likuyimira kulephera kwake pamalumikizidwe ake. Komabe, chipangizo chakumapeto chogona chimatha kusankha kholo lina ngati kholo lake palibe. Kusinthaku sikuyenera kuwoneka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
  Ngakhale dongosololi lapangidwa kuti lisakhale ndi vuto limodzi, pansi pa topology zina padzakhala zida zomwe zilibe zosunga zobwezeretsera. Za example, mu dongosolo lomwe lili ndi Border imodzi
• Router, ngati Border Router itaya mphamvu, palibe njira yosinthira kupita ku Border Router ina. Muzochitika izi, kukonzanso kwa Border Router kuyenera kuchitika.
• Kuyambira ndi Thread Specification 1.3.0, Border Routers kugawana ulalo wa zomangamanga kungathandize kuti palibe vuto limodzi panjira ina (monga Wi-Fi kapena Ethernet) pogwiritsa ntchito Thread.
• Radio Encapsulation Link (TREL). Ndi mawonekedwe awa, kuthekera kwa magawo a Thread kupanga maulalo kumachepetsedwa.

Zofunikira za IP Stack

1. Kulankhula
   • Zipangizo zomwe zili mu Thread stack zimathandizira IPv6 yolumikizira kamangidwe monga tafotokozera mu RFC 4291 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291: IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture). Zipangizo zimathandizira Unique
   • Local Address (ULA), Domain Unique Address (DUA) mumtundu wa Thread domain, ndi adilesi imodzi kapena zingapo za Global Unicast Address (GUA) kutengera zomwe zilipo.
   • Ma adilesi apamwamba a IPv6 amatchula netiweki ndipo enawo amatchula ma adilesi omwe ali mu netiwekiyo. Chifukwa chake, madiresi onse pamaneti amodzi ali ndi ma N bits oyambirira. Izo poyamba
   • N bits amatchedwa "prefix". "/64" ikuwonetsa kuti iyi ndi adilesi yokhala ndi 64-bit prefix. Chipangizo choyambitsa netiweki chimasankha / 64 choyambirira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaneti onse. Chiyambi ndi ULA (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4193: Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Maadiresi). Maukonde amathanso kukhala ndi Border Router (ma) amodzi kapena angapo omwe aliyense angakhale kapena alibe /64 yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ULA kapena GUA. Chipangizo chomwe chili pa netiweki chimagwiritsa ntchito adilesi yake ya EUI-64 (64-bit Extended Unique Identifier) ​​kuti ipeze chizindikiritso chake monga momwe chafotokozedwera mu Gawo 6 la RFC 4944 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4944: Kutumiza kwa mapaketi a IPv6 pa IEEE 802.15.4 Networks ). Chipangizochi chithandizira ulalo wa IPv6 wakumaloko wokonzedwa kuchokera ku EUI-64 ya node ngati chizindikiritso cha mawonekedwe okhala ndi ulalo wodziwika bwino wakumaloko FE80::0/64 monga tafotokozera mu RFC 4862 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4862: IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration) ndi RFC 4944.
   • Zipangizozi zimathandiziranso ma adilesi oyenerera a multicast. Izi zikuphatikiza ulalo-local all node multicast, ulalo wamtundu wa router multicast, soli-cited node multicast, ndi ma mesh am'deralo. Ndi kukhalapo kwa rauta ya m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwachitsanzo, zida zimathanso kuthandizira maadiresi apamwamba amtundu wambiri ngati atawalembetsa.
   • Chida chilichonse cholowa pa netiweki chimapatsidwa adilesi yayifupi ya 2-byte malinga ndi IEEE 802.15.4-2006. Kwa ma routers, chovala ichi chimaperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma bits apamwamba pagawo la ma adilesi.
   • Kenako ana amapatsidwa adiresi yaifupi pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo zapamtunda za makolo awo ndi maadiresi oyenera a adiresi yawo. Izi zimathandiza chipangizo china chilichonse mu maukonde kumvetsa malo routing mwana pogwiritsa ntchito zidutswa mkulu adiresi munda wake.
2. 6LoWPAN
   • 6LoWPAN imayimira "IPv6 Over Low Power Wireless Personal Networks." Cholinga chachikulu cha 6LoWPAN ndikutumiza ndi kulandira mapaketi a IPv6 pa maulalo a 802.15.4. Pochita izi iyenera kutengera kukula kwa chimango cha 802.15.4 chotumizidwa mlengalenga. Mu maulalo a Ethernet, paketi yokhala ndi kukula kwa IPv6 Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) (1280 bytes) imatha kutumizidwa mosavuta ngati chimango chimodzi pa ulalo. Pankhani ya 802.15.4, 6LoWPAN imakhala ngati gawo losinthira pakati pa IPv6 networking layer ndi 802.15.4 link layer. Imathetsa nkhani yotumiza IPv6
   • MTU pogawa paketi ya IPv6 kwa wotumiza ndikuyiphatikizanso pa wolandila.
     6LoWPAN imaperekanso makina opondereza omwe amachepetsa kukula kwa mutu wa IPv6 wotumizidwa pamlengalenga ndipo motero amachepetsa kufalikira pamwamba. Zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimatumizidwa pamlengalenga, mphamvu zochepa zimadyedwa ndi chipangizocho. Ulusi umagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira njirazi kuti zitumize mapaketi moyenera pa netiweki ya 802.15.4. RFC 4944 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4944) ndi RFC 6282 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6282) fotokozani mwatsatanetsatane njira zomwe kugawikana ndi kupanikizana kwamutu kumakwaniritsidwa.
3. Link Layer Forwarding
   Chinthu china chofunikira pa 6LoWPAN wosanjikiza ndikutumiza kwapaketi yolumikizira. Izi zimapereka njira yabwino komanso yotsika kwambiri yotumizira mapaketi angapo a hop mu netiweki ya mauna. Ulusi umagwiritsa ntchito IP layer routing yokhala ndi ulalo wosanjikiza wotumizira paketi.
   Thread imagwiritsa ntchito ulalo wotumizira mapaketi kutengera ma IP routing table. Kuti muchite izi, mutu wa 6LoWPAN wa mesh umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu paketi iliyonse yamitundu yambiri (onani chithunzichi).
   • Chithunzi 3.1. Mesh Header Format
   • Mu Thread, wosanjikiza wa 6LoWPAN amadzaza chidziwitso cha Mesh Header ndi adilesi yachidule ya 16-bit ndi adilesi yomaliza ya 16-bit. Wotumiza amayang'ana adilesi yotsatira ya hop 16-bit mu Routing Table, kenako imatumiza chimango cha 6LoWPAN ku adilesi yotsatira ya hop 16-bit ngati kopita. Chotsatira kadumphidwe chipangizo amalandira paketi, kuyang'ana mmwamba kadumphidwe lotsatira mu
   • Routing Table / Table Table, imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa hop mu 6LoWPAN Mesh Header, kenako imatumiza paketiyo ku hop yotsatira kapena komaliza adilesi yayifupi ya 16-bit ngati kopita.
   • 6 LoWPAN Encapsulation
     Mapaketi a 6LoWPAN amapangidwa pa mfundo yofanana ndi mapaketi a IPv6 ndipo amakhala ndi mitu yokhazikika pazowonjezera zilizonse. Mutu uliwonse wa 6LoWPAN umatsogozedwa ndi mtengo wotumizira womwe umazindikiritsa mtundu wamutu (onani chithunzi chotsatira).
4. 6 LoWPAN Encapsulation
   Mapaketi a 6LoWPAN amapangidwa pa mfundo yofanana ndi mapaketi a IPv6 ndipo amakhala ndi mitu yokhazikika pazowonjezera zilizonse. Mutu uliwonse wa 6LoWPAN umatsogozedwa ndi mtengo wotumizira womwe umazindikiritsa mtundu wamutu (onani chithunzi chotsatira).
   Chithunzi 3.2. Mtundu Wazonse wa Paketi ya 6LoWPAN
   Ulusi umagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi yamutu wa 6LoWPAN:
   • Mesh Header (yogwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ulalo wosanjikiza)
   • Fragmentation Header (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa paketi ya IPv6 m'mapaketi angapo a 6LoWPAN)
   • Header Compression Header (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizira mitu ya IPv6)
   • Mafotokozedwe a 6LoWPAN amalamula kuti ngati mitu yambiri ilipo, iyenera kuwonekera mu dongosolo lomwe latchulidwa pamwambapa. Otsatirawa ndi akaleampzochepa za mapaketi a 6LoWPAN amatumizidwa mlengalenga.
   • Pachithunzi chotsatira, 6LoWPAN yolipirayo imapangidwa ndi mutu wa IPv6 wopanikizidwa komanso zolipira zonse za IPv6.
   • Chithunzi 3.3. Phukusi la 6LoWPAN Lokhala ndi IPv6 Payload yokhala ndi Mutu Woponderezedwa wa IPv6
   • Pachithunzi chotsatira, 6LoWPAN yolipira ili ndi mutu wa IPv6 ndi gawo la IPv6 yolipira.
   • Chithunzi 3.4. Phukusi la 6LoWPAN Lokhala Ndi Mutu Wama Mesh, Mutu Wogawikana, ndi Compression Header Zotsalazo zidzatumizidwa m'mapaketi otsatira malinga ndi mtundu womwe uli patsamba lotsatirali.
   • Chithunzi 3.5. 6LoWPAN Chigawo Chotsatira
5. ICMP
   Zida za ulusi zimathandizira protocol ya Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu RFC 4443, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) ya Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification. Amathandiziranso pempho la echo ndi ma echo oyankha mauthenga.
6. UDP
   The Thread stack imathandizira User Datagram Protocol (UDP) monga tafotokozera mu RFC 768, User Datagram Protocol.
7. TCP
   The Thread stack imathandizira mtundu wa Transport Control Protocol (TCP) wotchedwa "TCPlp" (TCP Low Power) (Onani usenix-NSDI20). Chipangizo chogwirizana ndi Thread chimagwiritsa ntchito zoyambitsa TCP ndi maudindo omvera monga momwe tafotokozera mu:
   • RFC 793, Transmission Control Protocol
   • RFC 1122, Zofunikira kwa Okhala nawo pa intaneti
   • Kufotokozera kwa Ulusi 1.3.0 ndi kupitilira apo: Kukhazikitsa kwa TCP komwe kulipo sikumasinthidwa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito pamanetiweki opanda zingwe komanso ndi makulidwe ochepa a 802.15.4. Chifukwa chake, mafotokozedwewo amatanthauzira zinthuzo ndi magawo omwe amafunikira kuti akwaniritse bwino TCP pa Thread Networks (onani Thread Specification 1.3.0, gawo 6.2 TCP).
8. SRP
   • Service Registration Protocol (SRP) monga tafotokozera mu Service Registration Protocol for DNS-Based Service Discovery imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida za Thread kuyambira ndi Thread Specification 1.3.0. Payenera kukhala Service Registry, yosungidwa ndi rauta ya malire. Makasitomala a SRP pa netiweki ya mesh amatha kulembetsa kuti apereke ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Seva ya SRP imavomereza mafunso opezeka pa DNS ndikuwonjezeranso makiyi achinsinsi pagulu kuti atetezeke, komanso zowonjezera zina zazing'ono kuti zithandizire makasitomala omwe ali ndi vuto.

Mitu Yapaintaneti

1. Network Address ndi Zipangizo
   • The Thread stack imathandizira kulumikizana kwathunthu kwa mauna pakati pa ma routers onse pamaneti. Topology yeniyeni imachokera pa chiwerengero cha ma routers pa intaneti. Ngati pali rauta imodzi yokha, ndiye kuti maukonde amapanga nyenyezi. Ngati pali rauta yopitilira imodzi ndiye kuti mauna amadzipangira okha (onani 2.2 Thread Network Architecture).
2. Ma Mesh Networks
   • Maukonde ophatikizidwa amapangitsa mawayilesi kukhala odalirika polola mawayilesi kutumiza mauthenga awayilesi ena. Za example, ngati node silingathe kutumiza uthenga mwachindunji ku mfundo ina, maukonde ophatikizidwa amatumiza uthengawo kudzera mu node imodzi kapena zingapo zapakati. Monga momwe tafotokozera mu gawo la 5.3 Routing, ma router nodes onse mu Thread stack amasunga mayendedwe ndi kulumikizana wina ndi mzake kotero kuti mauna amasungidwa ndikulumikizidwa nthawi zonse. Pali malire a ma adilesi a rauta 64 mu network ya Thread, koma onse sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Izi zimalola nthawi yoti ma adilesi a zida zomwe zachotsedwa zigwiritsidwenso ntchito.
   • Mu netiweki ya mauna, zida zogonera kapena zida zoyenera pa router sizikuyenda pazida zina. Zidazi zimatumiza mauthenga kwa kholo lomwe ndi rauta. Router ya kholo iyi imayang'anira machitidwe a zida za ana ake.

Njira yolumikizirana ndi Network

Netiweki ya Thread ili ndi ma routers opitilira 32 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatira-hop ya mauthenga otengera tebulo. Gome lamayendedwe limasungidwa ndi Thread stack kuonetsetsa kuti ma routers onse ali ndi kulumikizana komanso njira zamakono za rauta ina iliyonse pa netiweki. Ma routers onse amasinthanitsa ndi ma routers ena mtengo wawo wolowera ku ma router ena pa netiweki mumtundu wophatikizika pogwiritsa ntchito Mesh Link Establishment (MLE).

1.  Mauthenga a MLE
   • Mauthenga a Mesh Link Establishment (MLE) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza maulalo otetezedwa a wailesi, kuzindikira zida zoyandikana nawo, ndikusunga ndalama zoyendera pakati pa zida zapa netiweki. MLE imagwira ntchito pansi pa mayendedwe ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito ulalo umodzi wamtundu wamba ndi ma multicasts pakati pa ma routers.
   • Mauthenga a MLE amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikiritsa, kukonza, ndi maulalo otetezedwa ku zida zoyandikana nazo monga momwe topology ndi chilengedwe zimasinthira. MLE imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kugawa masinthidwe omwe amagawidwa pamaneti onse monga tchanelo ndi Personal Area Network (PAN) ID. Mauthengawa atha kutumizidwa ndi kusefukira kosavuta monga momwe MPL yafotokozera (https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-roll-trickle-mcast-11: Multicast Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks (MPL)).
   • Mauthenga a MLE amawonetsetsanso kuti ndalama zolumikizirana za asymmetric zimaganiziridwa pakukhazikitsa ndalama zoyendera pakati pa zida ziwiri. Ndalama zolumikizirana za asymmetric ndizofala mu maukonde 802.15.4. Kuonetsetsa kuti mauthenga a njira ziwiri ndi odalirika, m'pofunika kuganizira ndalama zogwirizanitsa maulendo awiri.
2. Kupeza Njira ndi Kukonza
   • Kupeza njira zomwe mukufuna kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamanetiweki amphamvu a 802.15.4. Komabe, kupeza njira yofunidwa ndiyokwera mtengo malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma netiweki ndi bandwidth chifukwa zida zimawulutsa zopempha zopezera njira kudzera pa intaneti. Mu Thread stack, ma routers onse amasinthanitsa mapaketi a hop a MLE okhala ndi chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali kwa ma router ena onse pa netiweki. Ma routers onse ali ndi zidziwitso zaposachedwa pamitengo ya rauta ina iliyonse pa netiweki kotero kuti kupeza njira yomwe mukufuna sikufunika. Ngati njirayo sikugwiranso ntchito, ma routers amatha kusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri yopita komwe akupita.
   • Njira yopita ku zida za ana imachitika poyang'ana ma adilesi apamwamba a mwana kuti adziwe adilesi ya rauta ya kholo. Chidacho chikadziwa rauta ya kholo, chimadziwa zambiri zamtengo wanjira ndi chidziwitso chotsatira cha kadumphidwe ka chipangizocho.
   • Pamene mtengo wanjira kapena ma topology akusintha, zosinthazo zimafalikira kudzera pamaneti pogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a MLE single-hop. Mtengo wolowera njira umatengera mtundu wa ulalo wa bidirectional pakati pa zida ziwiri. Ubwino wa ulalo mbali iliyonse umatengera ulalo wam'mphepete mwa mauthenga obwera kuchokera ku chipangizo choyandikana nacho. Chizindikiro Champhamvu cha Mphamvu Yolandirira (RSSI) chomwe chikubwerachi chikujambulidwa kumtundu wa ulalo kuyambira 0 mpaka 3. Mtengo wa 0 umatanthauza mtengo wosadziwika.
   • Rauta ikalandira uthenga watsopano wa MLE kuchokera kwa mnansi, mwina ili ndi tebulo lolowera patebulo la oyandikana nawo pa chipangizocho kapena ina yowonjezeredwa. Uthenga wa MLE uli ndi mtengo wobwera kuchokera kwa mnansi, kotero izi zimasinthidwa pa tebulo la oyandikana nawo a router. Uthenga wa MLE ulinso ndi chidziwitso chosinthidwa cha ma routers ena omwe amasinthidwa patebulo lamayendedwe.
   • Kuchuluka kwa ma routers omwe akugwira ntchito kumangotengera kuchuluka kwa njira ndi zambiri zamtengo wapatali zomwe zitha kupezeka mu paketi imodzi ya 802.15.4. Malire awa ndi ma routers 32.
3. Njira
   • Zipangizo zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zapanthawi zonse za IP potumiza mapaketi. Gome lamayendedwe lili ndi ma adilesi a netiweki ndi hop yoyenera.
   • Mayendedwe a ma vector akutali amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza njira zopita ku ma adilesi omwe ali pa netiweki yakomweko. Mukamayendetsa pa netiweki yapafupi, ma bits asanu ndi limodzi apamwamba a adilesi ya 16-bit amatanthauzira komwe rauta ikupita.
   • Kholo lomwe lili ndi njirayo limakhala ndi udindo wotumiza kumalo omaliza kutengera ma adilesi otsala a 16-bit.
   • Pamaulendo apaintaneti, Border Router imadziwitsa Mtsogoleri wa Router za ma prefixes omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndikugawa izi ngati data ya netiweki mkati mwa mapaketi a MLE. Deta ya netiweki imaphatikizapo data ya prefix, yomwe ndi prefix yokha, nkhani ya 6LoWPAN, Border Routers, ndi Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) kapena DHCPv6 seva ya prefix imeneyo. Ngati chipangizo chikufuna kukonza adilesi pogwiritsa ntchito mawu oyambira pamenepo, chimalumikizana ndi seva yoyenera ya SLAAC kapena DHCP pa adilesiyi. Deta ya netiweki imaphatikizanso mndandanda wa ma seva olowera omwe ndi ma adilesi a 16-bit a ma Border Routers osakhazikika.
   • Kuonjezera apo, m'malo amalonda omwe ali ndi mtundu wa Thread Domain, Backbone Border Router imadziwitsa mtsogoleri wa router wa Domain Unique Prefix yomwe imagwira ntchito, kusonyeza kuti maunawa ndi gawo lalikulu la Thread domain. Deta ya netiweki ya izi ikuphatikizapo data yoyambira, nkhani ya 6LoWPAN, ndi rauta yamalire ALOC. Palibe mbendera za SLAAC kapena DHCPv6 zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pamwambowu, komabe ma adilesi amatsatira mosawerengeka. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso ma TLV a ma seva ndi ma seva omwe akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa ntchito ya "msana" wa rauta iyi yamalire. Kuthekera kozindikira ma adilesi obwereza pamsana kumakhalapo pachida chilichonse chomwe chimalembetsa ma Adilesi Yake Yapadera Yamtundu (DUA) ndi BBR. DUA ya chipangizo sichisintha pa moyo wake wonse pokhala gawo la Thread domain.
   • Izi zimathandizira kusamuka kumanetiweki osiyanasiyana a Thread mu domain imodzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma BBR omwe amathandizira kuwongolera ma network angapo a Thread. Pamwamba pa msana, matekinoloje oyendera a IPv6 monga IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (NS/NA monga pa RFC 4861) ndi Multicast Listener Discovery (MLDv2 malinga ndi RFC 3810) amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
   • Mtsogoleri amasankhidwa kuti azitsatira zida zoyenera ma router kukhala ma rauta kapena kulola ma routers kuti azitsikira ku zida zoyenera ma router. Mtsogoleriyu amaperekanso ndikuwongolera ma adilesi a router pogwiritsa ntchito CoAP. Komabe, zidziwitso zonse zomwe zili mu Mtsogoleriyu zimalengezedwanso nthawi ndi nthawi kwa ma router ena. Ngati Mtsogoleri achoka pa netiweki, rauta ina imasankhidwa, ndipo imatenga Mtsogoleri popanda kulowererapo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
   • Ma Border Routers ali ndi udindo woyang'anira kuponderezana kwa 6LoWPAN kapena kukulitsa ndikuyankhulira pazida zapaintaneti. Backbone Border Routers ali ndi udindo wogwira MPL ndi IP-in-IP encapsulation ndi decapsulation kwa ma multicasts okulirapo amalowa ndi kutuluka mu mesh.
   • Kuti mumve zambiri za Border Routers, onani AN1256: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Silicon Labs RCP yokhala ndi OpenThread Border Router.
4. Kuyeseranso ndi Kuyamikira
   • Ngakhale mauthenga a UDP amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Thread stack, kutumiza uthenga wodalirika kumafunika ndikumalizidwa ndi njira zopepuka izi:
   • MAC-level imayesanso-chida chilichonse chimagwiritsa ntchito kuvomereza kwa MAC kuchokera pa hop yotsatira ndipo idzayesanso uthenga pa MAC wosanjikiza ngati uthenga wa MAC ACK sunalandiridwe.
   • Ntchito-wosanjikiza imayesanso- gawo la ntchito limatha kudziwa ngati kudalirika kwa uthenga ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ngati ndi choncho, kuvomereza komaliza ndi kuyesanso kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, monga CoAP imayesanso.

Kulumikizana ndi Network Operation

Ulusi umapereka njira ziwiri zolumikizirana:

• Gawani zambiri zotumizira mwachindunji ku chipangizo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yakunja. Izi zimathandiza kuwongolera chipangizo ku netiweki yoyenera pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi.
• Khazikitsani gawo loyankhulirana pakati pa chida chojowina ndi ntchito yotumizira pa foni yam'manja, piritsi, kapena piritsi web.
• Pa intaneti yamalonda yokhala ndi mtundu wa Thread domain, njira yolembetsa yodziyimira payokha popanda kulowererapo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amapereka ziphaso zogwirira ntchito kwa omwe alowa nawo pambuyo potsimikizika amafotokozedwa ndi Thread Specification 1.2. Satifiketi yogwirira ntchito imayika chidziwitso cha domeni ya chipangizocho ndikumaloleza kupezeka kwa Network Master Key. Chitsanzochi chimafuna olembetsa kapena
• Thread Registrar Interface (TRI) pa router yam'mphepete mwa msana ndipo imathandizira kulankhulana ndi akuluakulu akunja (MASA) pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko za ANIMA/BRSKI/EST. Netiweki yomwe imathandizira chitsanzo cholamula ichi imatchedwa netiweki ya CCM.
• Kuti mumve zambiri za kutumiza maukonde a Thread, onani gawo 11. Kutumiza kwa Chipangizo.
• Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ya 802.15.4 yolumikizana ndi chilolezo chojowina mbendera muzolipira za beacon sigwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki a Thread. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakujowina kwa batani la kukankha komwe kulibe mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito kapena njira yotuluka pazida. Njirayi imakhala ndi zovuta pakuwongolera zida pakachitika ma netiweki angapo ndipo imatha kubweretsanso chiwopsezo chachitetezo.
• Mu ma Thread network, kujowina konse kumayambitsidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Pambuyo kujowina, chitsimikiziro chachitetezo chimamalizidwa pamlingo wofunsira ndi com-mission device. Kutsimikizika kwachitetezo uku kumakambidwa mu gawo 9. Chitetezo.
• Zipangizo zimalumikizana ndi netiweki ngati chipangizo chogona, chomaliza (MED kapena FED), kapena REED. Pokhapokha REED atalowa nawo ndikuphunzira kasinthidwe ka netiweki angapemphe kukhala a

Thread Router. Mukalowa, chipangizocho chimapatsidwa chovala chachifupi cha 16-bit kutengera kholo lake. Ngati chipangizo choyenerera rauta chikhala Thread Router, chimapatsidwa adilesi ya rauta ndi Mtsogoleri. Kuzindikira ma adilesi obwereza a Thread Routers kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yogawa adilesi yapakati ya router yomwe imakhala pa Mtsogoleri. Makolo ali ndi udindo wopewa ma adilesi obwereza a zida zopezera alendo chifukwa amawapatsa maadiresi akalowa.

1. Network Discovery
   • Kupeza maukonde kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chipangizo cholumikizira kuti mudziwe kuti 802.15.4 ma netiweki ali mkati mwawayilesi. Chipangizochi chimayang'ana makanema onse, chimapereka pempho la kupezeka kwa MLE panjira iliyonse, ndikudikirira mayankho opezeka ndi MLE. Kupezekanso kwa 802.15.4 MLE kuli ndi malipiro omwe ali ndi magawo a netiweki, kuphatikiza netiweki Service Set Identifier (SSID), PAN ID yowonjezera, ndi mfundo zina zomwe zikuwonetsa ngati netiweki ikulandila mamembala atsopano komanso ngati imathandizira kutumizidwa kwawo.
   • Kupeza maukonde sikofunikira ngati chipangizocho chatumizidwa pa netiweki chifukwa chimadziwa tchanelo komanso PAN ID yowonjezera pa netiweki. Zidazi zimagwirizanitsa ndi intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa.
2. Zithunzi za MLE
   • Chidacho chikalumikizidwa ndi netiweki, pamakhala zambiri zambiri zomwe zimafunikira kuti chitenge nawo gawo pa netiweki. MLE imapereka chithandizo cha chipangizo kuti chitumize unicast ku chipangizo choyandikana nacho kuti chifunse magawo a netiweki ndikusintha mtengo wamaulalo kwa oyandikana nawo. Chida chatsopano chikalowa, chimachitanso zovuta kuti zikhazikitse zowerengera zachitetezo monga momwe tafotokozera mu gawo 9. Chitetezo.
   • Zida zonse zimathandizira kutumiza ndi kulandira mauthenga a kasinthidwe a MLE. Izi zikuphatikiza "kufunsira ulalo", "kuvomereza ulalo", ndi "ulalo kuvomereza ndikupempha" mauthenga.
   • Kusinthana kwa MLE kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kapena kusinthanitsa izi:
   • Adilesi yayifupi ya 16-bit ndi 64-bit EUI 64 yazida zoyandikana nazo
   • Zambiri zamakina achipangizo, kuphatikizirapo ngati chili chogona komanso kugona kwa chipangizocho
   • Ulalo woyandikana nawo umawononga ngati Thread Router
   • Zida zotetezera ndi zowerengera za chimango pakati pa zida
   • Mtengo wotumizira ma Thread Routers ena onse pa netiweki
   • Kusonkhanitsa ndi kugawa Link Metrics zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yosinthira maulalo
   • Zindikirani: Mauthenga a MLE amasungidwa mwachinsinsi pokhapokha poyambira pomwe chida chatsopano sichinapeze chitetezo.
3.  CoAP
   Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) monga tafotokozera mu RFC 7252 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252: The Constrained Application Proto-col (CoAP)) ndi njira yapadera yoyendera kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma node ocheperako komanso maukonde otsika mphamvu. CoAP imapereka njira yolumikizirana yopempha/mayankhidwe pakati pa zomaliza zogwiritsira ntchito, imathandizira kupezeka kwa ntchito ndi zothandizira, ndipo imaphatikizanso mfundo zazikuluzikulu za web monga URLs. CoAP imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Thread kukonza ma adilesi am'deralo ndi ma multicast omwe amafunikira ndi zida. Kuphatikiza apo, CoAP imagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyang'anira mauthenga monga kupeza ndikuyika zidziwitso zowunikira ndi zina zambiri pamanetiweki pa ma Thread routers.
4. DHCPv6
   DHCPv6 monga tafotokozera mu RFC 3315 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati protocol ya kasitomala-server kuyang'anira kasinthidwe ka zida mkati mwa netiweki. DHCPv6 imagwiritsa ntchito UDP kupempha deta kuchokera ku seva ya DHCP (https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3315.txt: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ya IPv6 (DHCPv6)).
   Ntchito ya DHCPv6 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza:
   • Ma adilesi a netiweki
   • Maadiresi amitundu yosiyanasiyana amafunikira ndi zida
   • Chifukwa maadiresi achidule amaperekedwa kuchokera ku seva pogwiritsa ntchito DHCPv6, kuzindikira ma adilesi obwereza sikofunikira. DHCPv6 imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi Border Routers omwe amagawira maadiresi potengera mawu oyamba omwe amapereka.
5. Mtengo wa magawo SLAAC
   SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration) monga tafotokozera mu RFC 4862 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4862: IPv6 Stateless Address Auto-configuration) ndi njira yomwe Border Router imagawira choyambirira, ndiyeno ma bits 64 omaliza a adilesi yake amatengedwa ndi rauta. The IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration mechanism imafuna kusasinthika kwapamanja kwa makamu, makonzedwe ochepa (ngati alipo) a ma routers, ndipo palibe ma seva owonjezera. Njira yopanda malire imalola wolandira alendo kupanga maadiresi ake pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chopezeka kwanuko komanso chidziwitso chotsatiridwa ndi ma routers.
6. SRP
   Service Registration Protocol (SRP) monga tafotokozera mu Service Registration Protocol for DNS-Based Service Discovery imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida za Thread kuyambira ndi Thread Specification 1.3.0. Payenera kukhala Service Registry, yosungidwa ndi rauta ya malire. Makasitomala a SRP pa netiweki ya mesh amatha kulembetsa kuti apereke ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Seva ya SRP imavomereza mafunso opezeka pa DNS ndikuwonjezeranso makiyi achinsinsi pagulu kuti atetezeke, komanso zowonjezera zina zazing'ono kuti zithandizire makasitomala omwe ali ndi vuto.

Utsogoleri

1. ICMP
   Zipangizo zonse zimathandiza Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6) mauthenga olakwika, komanso pempho la echo ndi mauthenga oyankha.
2. Kasamalidwe ka Chipangizo
   Chigawo cha pulogalamu pachchipangizo chili ndi mwayi wopeza kasamalidwe kachipangizo ndi zambiri zowunikira zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanuko kapena kusonkhanitsidwa ndikutumizidwa kuzipangizo zina zowongolera.
   Pazigawo za 802.15.4 PHY ndi MAC, chipangizochi chimapereka chidziwitso chotsatira ku gulu la kasamalidwe:
   • Adilesi ya EUI64
   • 16-bit adilesi yayifupi
   •  Zambiri za luso
   • PAN ID
   • Mapaketi otumizidwa ndi kulandiridwa
   • Octets adatumiza ndikulandila
   • Mapaketi adatsitsidwa potumiza kapena kulandira
   • Zolakwika zachitetezo
   • Chiwerengero cha zoyesereranso za MAC
3. Network Management
   Chigawo cha netiweki pa chipangizochi chimaperekanso chidziwitso chokhudza kasamalidwe ndi zowunikira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwanuko kapena kutumizidwa ku zida zina zowongolera. Netiweki wosanjikiza imapereka mndandanda wa ma adilesi a IPv6, oyandikana nawo ndi tebulo la ana, ndi tebulo lamayendedwe.

Zambiri Zokhazikika

Zipangizo zomwe zikugwira ntchito m'munda zitha kukhazikitsidwa mwangozi kapena mwadala pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Zipangizo zomwe zakonzedwanso ziyenera kuyambitsanso ma netiweki osagwiritsa ntchito. Kuti izi zitheke bwino, zosungira zosasunthika ziyenera kusunga izi:

• Zambiri pa netiweki (monga PAN ID)
• Zida zotetezera
• Kutumiza zambiri kuchokera pa netiweki kupanga ma adilesi a IPv6 pazida

$Chitetezo

• Ma Thread network ndi ma network opanda zingwe omwe amafunika kutetezedwa motsutsana ndi kuwukira kwapamlengalenga (OTA). Amalumikizidwanso ndi intaneti ndipo chifukwa chake ayenera kukhala otetezedwa motsutsana ndi intaneti. Ntchito zambiri zomwe zikupangidwira Thread zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafuna nthawi yayitali osayang'aniridwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Zotsatira zake, chitetezo cha Thread net-works ndichofunika.
• Thread imagwiritsa ntchito kiyi yapaintaneti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Media Access Layer (MAC) pobisa. Kiyiyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito potsimikizira ndi kubisa kwa IEEE 802.15.4-2006. Chitetezo cha IEEE 802.15.4-2006 chimateteza ma Thread network ku ziwopsezo zapamlengalenga zochokera kunja kwa intaneti. Kusagwirizana kwa node iliyonse kumatha kuwulula kiyi yapaintaneti. Zotsatira zake, nthawi zambiri si njira yokhayo yachitetezo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa Thread network. Node iliyonse mu Thread network imasinthanitsa zowerengera ndi oyandikana nawo kudzera pakugwirana chanza kwa MLE. Zowerengera zamafelemu izi zimathandizira kuteteza motsutsana ndi kuwukira kobwereza. (Kuti mudziwe zambiri za MLE, onani Kufotokozera kwa Thread.) Ulusi umalola kuti pulogalamuyo igwiritse ntchito njira iliyonse yachitetezo cha intaneti pakulankhulana komaliza.
• Ma Node amasokoneza ma adilesi awo a IP a mesh-wide ndi ma ID awo owonjezera a MAC powasintha mwachisawawa. Ma stock a EUI64 omwe asainidwa ku node amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati adilesi yoyambira panthawi yolumikizana koyamba. Node ikalumikizidwa ndi netiweki, nodeyo imagwiritsa ntchito ngati gwero lake mwina adilesi yotengera ID yake ya ma byte awiri, kapena amodzi mwa ma adilesi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa. EUI64 sigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati adilesi yoyambira pomwe node yalumikizidwa ku netiweki.

Kuwongolera maukonde kumafunikanso kukhala otetezeka. Pulogalamu yoyang'anira maukonde a Thread imatha kuyendetsedwa pa chipangizo chilichonse cholumikizidwa ndi intaneti. Ngati chipangizocho sichili membala wa Thread network, choyamba chiyenera kukhazikitsa Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) yolumikizana ndi Thread Border Router. Network iliyonse ya Thread ili ndi mawu olowera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa kulumikizana uku. Ntchito yoyang'anira ikalumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya Thread, zida zatsopano zitha kuwonjezeredwa pa netiweki.

1. 802.15.4 Chitetezo
   • Mafotokozedwe a IEEE 802.15.4-2006 amafotokoza ma protocol opanda zingwe ndi media a PAN ndi ma HAN. Ma protocol awa ndi omwe akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazida zodzipatulira zamawayilesi monga zomwe zikupezeka ku Silicon Labs. IEEE 802.15.4-2006 imathandizira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zambiri zomwe zimakhala zotetezeka. Za example, lingalirani za pulogalamu ya alamu yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa nyumba. Ngati netiweki ilibe chitetezo ndipo wolowerera atha kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki, mauthenga amatha kuulutsidwa kuti apange alamu yabodza, kusintha alamu yomwe ilipo, kapena kuletsa alamu yovomerezeka. Iliyonse mwazochitika izi imakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kwa omwe akukhalamo.
   • Mapulogalamu ambiri amafunikira chinsinsi ndipo ambiri amafunikiranso chitetezo chokwanira. 802-15.4-2006 imakwaniritsa zofunikirazi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira ulalo yokhala ndi zida zinayi zofunika zachitetezo:
   • Kuwongolera kolowera
   • Kukhulupirika kwa uthenga
   • Chinsinsi cha uthenga
   • Sewerani chitetezo
   • Chitetezo cha replay choperekedwa ndi IEEE 802.15.4-2006 ndi chochepa chabe. Ulusi umapereka chitetezo chowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito kugwirana chanza kwa MLE pakati pa node zomwe takambirana pamwambapa kuti mumalize chitetezo chobwereza.
2. Chitetezo cha Network Management
   Kuwongolera maukonde kumafunikanso kukhala otetezeka. Pulogalamu yoyang'anira maukonde a Thread imatha kuyendetsedwa pa chipangizo chilichonse cholumikizidwa ndi intaneti. Pali magawo awiri a chitetezo:
   • Chitetezo chapamlengalenga chomwe 802.15.4 chimasamalira. Ulusi zida 802.15.4-2006 mlingo 5 chitetezo.
   • Maukonde a CCM: Ngati chipangizocho sichili membala wa netiweki ya CCM, chiyenera kukhazikitsa cholumikizira ndi cholumikizira chakumbuyo kuti chipeze chiphaso chake chogwirira ntchito kuti chidzikhazikitse ngati gawo la Thread domain.
   • Maukonde osakhala a CCM: Chitetezo cha pa intaneti: Ngati chipangizocho sichili membala wa Thread network, chiyenera kukhazikitsa kaye kulumikizana kotetezeka kwa Data-gram Transit Layer Security (DTLS) ndi Thread Border Router. Netiweki iliyonse ya Thread ili ndi mawu owongolera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa kulumikizana kotetezeka pakati pa zida zowongolera zakunja ndi Border Routers. Ntchito yoyang'anira ikalumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya Thread, zida zatsopano zitha kuwonjezeredwa pa netiweki.

Border Router

• A Thread Border Router ndi chipangizo chomwe chimalumikiza netiweki yopanda zingwe ya Thread ndi ma netiweki ena ozikidwa pa IP (monga Wi-Fi kapena Ethernet) kunja kudzera panyumba yakunyumba kapena mabizinesi. Mosiyana ndi zipata mumayankho ena opanda zingwe, zimawonekera bwino pama trans-port ndi ma protocol omwe amakhala pamwamba pa netiweki wosanjikiza. Zotsatira zake, mapulogalamu amatha kulumikizana mosatekeseka kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto popanda kumasulira kulikonse.
• Thread Border Router imathandizira pang'ono ntchito zotsatirazi:
  • Kutha-kumapeto kwa IP kudzera panjira pakati pa zida za Thread ndi maukonde ena akunja a IP.
  • Kutumiza kwa Ulusi Wakunja (kwa mwachitsanzoample, foni yam'manja) kutsimikizira ndikujowina chipangizo cha Thread ku network ya Thread.

Pakhoza kukhala angapo Border Routers mu netiweki, kuchotsa "gawo limodzi lolephera" ngati mmodzi wa iwo asokonekera. Border Router imathandizira chida chilichonse cha Thread kuti chilumikizane mwachindunji ndi mautumiki apamtambo apadziko lonse lapansi, pomwe ma network amabizinesi amayendetsa IPv6 ndi IPv4, kapena IPv4 yokha.

1.  Mbali za Border Router za Off-Mesh Communication
   • Ulusi ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo muzochitika zomwe zikuchitika, musanasinthe pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kupita ku IPv6 ndi Thread imathandizira IPv4 kubwerera kumbuyo pogwiritsa ntchito Network Address.
   • Kumasulira (NAT). NAT64 imamasulira mapaketi a IPv6 kukhala IPv4, ndipo NAT64 imamasulira mapaketi a IPv4 kukhala IPv6. Thread Border Router imatha kugwira ntchito ngati IPv4 host pa netiweki yadera lalikulu (WAN), yotha kupeza mawonekedwe a IPv4 ndi adilesi ya rauta. Itha kupeza adilesi pogwiritsa ntchito DHCP kuchokera padziwe la IPv4. Thread Border Router ikhozanso kukhazikitsa Port Control Protocol (PCP) kuwongolera momwe mapaketi a IPv4 omwe akubwera amamasuliridwa ndikutumizidwa ndikuthandizira ma ping-pings. Mabaibulo ambiri a IPv4 mpaka IPv6 (ndi mosemphanitsa) amatha kuthandizidwa ndi Thread
   • Border Router, yokhala ndi zosintha zochepa zomwe zimafunikira pa netiweki yomwe ilipo.
     Kuphatikiza apo, Ma Thread Border Routers amathandizira kulumikizidwa kwa IPv6 kwapawiri ndi IPv6 kupezeka koyandikana nawo, kutsatsa kwa rauta, kupezeka kwamitundu yambiri, ndi kutumiza mapaketi.
2. Ulusi pa Infrastructure
   • Ma Thread Networks amadzipangira okha kukhala magawo a Thread Network Partitions pomwe palibe kulumikizana pakati pa zida ziwiri kapena zingapo. Magawo a Thread amalola zida kuti zizilumikizana ndi zida zina zomwe zili mu Thread Partition koma osati ndi Thread Devices m'magawo ena.
   • Thread over Infrastructure imalola zida za Thread kuphatikiza matekinoloje olumikizirana ndi IP (zakaleample, Wi-Fi ndi Ethernet) mu Thread topology. Maulalo owonjezerawa a Thread pamatekinoloje ena olumikizira amachepetsa mwayi wopezeka kwa magawo angapo a Thread Net-work Partitions, pomwe kutsata kumbuyo ndi zida zomwe zilipo za Thread 1.1 ndi 1.2 ndizotsimikizika. Zopindulitsa izi zimapezedwa pamanetiweki apamwamba aliwonse omwe amaphatikiza ma Border Routers osachepera awiri olumikizidwa kudzera pa ulalo woyandikana nawo.
   • Kuti mumve zambiri, onani za Thread Specification 1.3.0 (kapena Thread specification draft 1.4), Chaputala 15 (Thread over Infrastructure).
3. OpenThread Border Router
   Kukhazikitsa kwa OpenThread kwa Border Router kumatchedwa OpenThread Border Router (OTBR). Imathandizira mawonekedwe a mauna pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa RCP. Ma Silicon Labs amapereka kukhazikitsa (kothandizidwa pa Raspberry Pi) ndi code code monga gawo la Silicon Labs GSDK. Kuti mumve zambiri, onani AN1256: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Silicon Labs RCP yokhala ndi OpenThread Border Router.
   Zolemba pakukhazikitsa ndi kamangidwe ka OTBR zimapezeka pa https://openthread.io/guides/border-router.

Chipangizo Kutumiza

Zida za ulusi zimatumizidwa pamanetiweki a Thread m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga tafotokozera m'magawo otsatirawa.

1. Traditional Thread Commissioning
   • Pakukhazikitsa maukonde ang'onoang'ono (Thread Specification 1.1.1 kapena apamwamba), oyika amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Thread commissioning yoperekedwa ngati chida chaulere pazida za Android ndi iOS. Pulogalamuyi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera zida zatsopano pamanetiweki kapena kuwunikiranso zida zomwe zilipo kale.
   • Thread imagwiritsa ntchito Mesh Commissioning Protocol (MeshCoP) kutsimikizira, kutumiza, ndikujowina zida zatsopano zamawayilesi zosadalirika pamanetiweki. Maukonde a Thread amakhala ndi makina odzipangira okha pazida zomwe zili ndi IEEE 802.15.4 zolumikizira ndi chitetezo chapaintaneti chomwe chimafuna kuti chipangizo chilichonse chomwe chili muukonde chizikhala ndi kiyi yachinsinsi yomwe ilipo, yogawana nawo.
   • Ntchito yoyitanitsa imayamba pamene Commissioner Candidate, yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhala foni yam'manja yolumikizidwa kudzera pa WiFi, apeza netiweki ya Thread kudzera mu imodzi mwama Border Routers. Ma Border Routers amalengeza kupezeka kwawo kwa Commissioners pogwiritsa ntchito malo aliwonse ogwirira ntchito omwe ali oyenera. Njira yodziwikiratu iyenera kupatsa Woyimira Kazembe njira yolumikizirana komanso dzina la intaneti, chifukwa dzina la netiweki limagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake ngati mchere wa cryptographic pokhazikitsa Session Commission.
   • Commissioner Candidate, atapeza chidwi cha Thread network, amalumikizana nacho motetezeka pogwiritsa ntchito Commissioning Credential (chidziwitso chosankhidwa ndi munthu kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito potsimikizira). Gawo la Commissioner Authentication limakhazikitsa kulumikizana kotetezedwa kwa kasitomala/seva pakati pa Commissioner Candidate ndi Border Router kudzera pa DTLS. Gawo lotetezedwali limadziwika kuti Commissioning Session. Commissioning Session imagwiritsa ntchito nambala ya doko ya UDP yomwe idalengezedwa panthawi yotulukira. Doko ili limadziwika kuti Commissioner Port. Chidziwitso chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa Msonkhano Wothandizira amadziwika kuti Pre-Shared Key for the Commissioner (PSKc).
   • Commissioner Candidate ndiye amalembetsa chizindikiritso chake ndi Border Router yake. Mtsogoleri amayankha povomera kapena kukana Border Router ngati yotumiza kwa Commissioner.
   • Atavomereza, Mtsogoleri amasintha dziko lake lamkati kuti atsatire Commissioner yemwe amagwira ntchito, ndipo Border Router ndiye kutumiza uthenga wotsimikizira kwa Commissioner Candidate kudziwitsa chipangizocho kuti tsopano ndi Commissioner.
   • Pakakhala Commissioner wovomerezeka yemwe amagwirizana ndi Thread Network, zimakhala zotheka kujowina ma Thread Devices oyenera. Izi zimadziwika kuti Joiners asanakhale gawo la
   • Network network. The Joiner poyamba imapanga kulumikizana kwa DTLS ndi Com-missioner kuti asinthane zotumizira. Kenako imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotumizira kuti zigwirizane ndi Thread network. Node imatengedwa ngati gawo la maukonde pokhapokha masitepe awiriwa atatha. Ikhoza kutenga nawo mbali polumikizana ndi ma node amtsogolo. Masitepe onsewa amatsimikizira kuti chipangizo cholondola chalumikizana ndi netiweki yolondola ya Thread, ndikuti network ya Thread yokha ndi yotetezeka motsutsana ndi zingwe zopanda zingwe ndi intaneti. Kuti mumve zambiri pa Mesh Commissioning Protocol, onani mafotokozedwe a Thread.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo Kutumiza ndi Zowonjezera Zamalonda mu Mulu 1.2
   • Kufotokozera kwa Thread 1.2 ndi Zowonjezera Zake Zamalonda tsopano zimalola maukonde okulirapo, monga omwe amafunikira mnyumba zamaofesi, nyumba zaboma, mahotela, kapena mitundu ina yanyumba zamafakitale kapena zamalonda. Chifukwa chothandizidwa bwino ndi subnetting, Thread Spec-ification 1.2 imalola mosavuta zida masauzande ambiri pakutumizidwa kumodzi, komwe kumatha kukhazikitsidwa pamanja, pawokha, komanso kudzera pazida zapamwamba zakutali.
   • Zowonjezera Zamalonda mu Thread 1.2 zimalola kutsimikizika kwakukulu, kujowina ma netiweki, kuyendayenda kwa subnet, ndi magwiridwe antchito potengera zidziwitso zodalirika mu Enterprise Domain. Kuti athe kutsimikizira kutsimikizika kwa zida ndikutsimikizira zidziwitso zovomerezeka, oyika makina atha kukhazikitsa Enterprise Certificate Authority kuti muchepetse kutumizira netiweki yayikulu. Izi zimathandiza okhazikitsa kukhazikitsa ndi kusunga maukonde popanda mwayi wolunjika ku zipangizo zapayekha komanso popanda kuyanjana kwachindunji ndi zipangizozi, pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yolembetsa yokha yotchedwa Autonomous Enrollment. Mosiyana ndi Thread 1.1, komwe kuphatikizika kwa passcode kwa chipangizo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira, Zowonjezera Zamalonda mu Thread 1.2 zithandizira kutsimikizika kotengera satifiketi. Netiweki yamabizinesi imatha kukhala ndi ma Thread Domain amodzi kapena angapo ndipo Thread Domain iliyonse imatha kukhazikitsidwa kuti iphatikize ma Thread network angapo.

Ntchito Layer

Thread ndi ma network network stack omwe ali ndi udindo wotumizira mauthenga pakati pa zida zosiyanasiyana mu Thread network yofotokozedwa mu gawo 2.2 Thread Network Architecture. Chithunzi chotsatira chikuwonetsa zigawo mu protocol ya Thread.

Chithunzi 12.1. Zigawo za Thread Protocol

• Tanthauzo lokhazikika la gawo la pulogalamuyo ndi "gawo lodziwikiratu lomwe limatanthawuza ma protocol omwe amagawana nawo komanso njira zolumikizirana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe amalandila pamanetiweki" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_layer). Mwachidule, gawo la ntchito ndi "chilankhulidwe cha zida," mwachitsanzoample, momwe chosinthira chimayankhulira ndi babu. Pogwiritsa ntchito matanthauzo awa, gawo la pulogalamu kulibe mu Thread. Makasitomala amamanga gawo logwiritsira ntchito potengera kuthekera kwa Thread stack ndi zomwe akufuna. Ngakhale Thread siyimapereka gawo lazofunsira, imapereka ntchito zoyambira:
• Mauthenga a UDP
  UDP imapereka njira yotumizira mauthenga pogwiritsa ntchito nambala ya doko ya 16-bit ndi adilesi ya IPv6. UDP ndi njira yosavuta kuposa TCP ndipo ili ndi kulumikizana kochepa pamutu (mwachitsanzoample, UDP simakhazikitsa mauthenga osunga moyo). Chotsatira chake, UDP imathandizira mauthenga ofulumira, okwera kwambiri komanso amachepetsa bajeti yonse ya mphamvu ya ntchito. UDP ilinso ndi malo ang'onoang'ono a code kuposa TCP, omwe amasiya kung'anima komwe kulipo pa chip kuti agwiritse ntchito.
• Mauthenga ambiri
  Ulusi umapereka kuthekera kofalitsa mauthenga, ndiko kuti, kutumiza uthenga womwewo ku ma node angapo pa network ya Thread. Mul-ticast imalola njira yolumikizira yolumikizirana ndi ma node oyandikana nawo, ma routers, ndi netiweki yonse ya Thread yokhala ndi ma adilesi wamba a IPv6.
• Masanjidwe ogwiritsira ntchito ntchito za IP
  Ulusi umalola kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo za mapulogalamu monga UDP ndi CoAP kulola zida kuti zizilumikizana molumikizana pa intaneti. Magawo osakhala a IP adzafunika kusintha kuti agwire ntchito pa Thread. (Onani RFC 7252 kuti mudziwe zambiri za CoAP.)
  • Silicon Labs OpenThread SDK imaphatikizapo zotsatirazi sampmapulogalamu omwe amapezekanso kuchokera ku OpenThread GitHub re-pository:• ot-cli-ftd
  • ot-cli-mtd
  • ot-rcp (yogwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi OpenThread Border Router)
• Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa mawonekedwe a Thread network. Kuphatikiza apo, Silicon Labs OpenThread SDK imaperekanso chipangizo chogona sample app (sleepy-demo-ftd and sleepy-demo-mtd), yomwe imasonyeza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mawonekedwe a Silicon Labs power manager kuti apange chipangizo chochepa cha mphamvu. Pomaliza, ot-ble-dmp sample application ikuwonetsa momwe mungapangire pulogalamu yosinthika ya multiprotocol pogwiritsa ntchito OpenThread ndi stack ya Bluetooth ya Silicon Labs. Onani QSG170: OpenThread Quick-Start Guide kuti mumve zambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi exampndi ntchito mu Simplicity Studio 5.

Masitepe Otsatira

• Silicon Labs OpenThread SDK imaphatikizapo malo ochezera a OpenThread ovomerezeka ndi s.ample mapulogalamu omwe amawonetsa ma network oyambira ndi machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito. Makasitomala akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito sample mapulogalamu kuti adziwe bwino ndi Thread ambiri komanso ma Silicon Labs omwe amapereka makamaka. Ntchito iliyonse imawonetsa momwe zida zimapangidwira ndikujowina maukonde, komanso momwe mauthenga amatumizidwira ndikulandilidwa. Mapulogalamuwa amapezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mutatsitsa Simplicity Studio 5 ndi Silicon Labs OpenThread SDK. Simplicity Studio 5 imaphatikizapo kuthandizira pakupanga mapulogalamu (Project Configurator) ndikusintha maukonde ndi mauthenga osanjikiza (Network Analyzer) mu Thread yomwe imapereka chidziwitso chowonjezera pakugwira ntchito kwa ma Thread network. Kuti mumve zambiri, onani QSG170: OpenThread Quick-Start Guide.
• Kuti mumve zambiri za OpenThread Border Routers onani AN1256: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Silicon Labs RCP yokhala ndi OpenThread Border Rout-er. Kuti mudziwe zambiri pakupanga Thread 1.3.0 sample mapulogalamu onani AN1372: Kukonza Mapulogalamu a OpenThread a Thread 1.3.

Chodzikanira

• Silicon Labs ikufuna kupatsa makasitomala zolembedwa zaposachedwa, zolondola, komanso zakuya za zotumphukira zonse ndi ma module omwe amapezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito makina ndi mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kapena akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za Silicon Labs. Deta yodziwika bwino, ma module ndi zotumphukira zomwe zilipo, kukula kwa kukumbukira ndi ma adilesi okumbukira zimatanthawuza ku chipangizo chilichonse, ndipo "Zomwe zimaperekedwa" zimatha kusiyanasiyana m'magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana. Ntchito exampzomwe zafotokozedwa apa ndi zongowonetsera chabe. Silicon Labs ili ndi ufulu wosintha popanda kudziwitsanso zambiri zamalonda, mawonekedwe, ndi mafotokozedwe apa, ndipo sapereka zitsimikizo zakulondola kapena kukwanira kwa zomwe zikuphatikizidwazo. Popanda chidziwitso choyambirira, Silicon Labs ikhoza kusintha firmware yazinthu panthawi yopanga chifukwa cha chitetezo kapena kudalirika. Zosintha zotere sizingasinthe mawonekedwe kapena magwiridwe antchito. Ma Silicon Labs sadzakhala ndi mlandu pazotsatira zakugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa pachikalatachi. Chikalatachi sichikutanthauza kapena kupereka chilolezo chopanga kapena kupanga mabwalo aliwonse ophatikizika. Zogulitsazo sizinapangidwe kapena kuloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa zida zilizonse za FDA Class III, mapulogalamu omwe kuvomerezedwa ndi FDA kumafunikira kapena Life Support Systems popanda chilolezo cholembedwa cha
• Silicon Labs. "Moyo Wothandizira Moyo" ndi chinthu chilichonse kapena dongosolo lililonse lothandizira kapena kuthandizira moyo ndi / kapena thanzi, zomwe, ngati zitalephera, zikhoza kuyembekezera kuvulala kwakukulu kapena imfa. Zogulitsa za Silicon Labs sizinapangidwe kapena kuloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zankhondo. Zogulitsa za Silicon Labs sizidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zowononga anthu ambiri kuphatikiza (koma osati) zida za nyukiliya, zachilengedwe kapena mankhwala, kapena zida zoponya zomwe zimatha kutumiza zida zotere. Silicon Labs imakana zitsimikizo zonse zodziwika bwino ndipo sizikhala ndi mlandu kapena kuvulala kapena kuwonongeka kulikonse kokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu cha Silicon Labs pakugwiritsa ntchito kosaloledwa. Zindikirani: Izi zitha kukhala ndi mawu okhumudwitsa omwe tsopano ndi otha kutha. Silicon Labs ikusintha mawuwa ndi chilankhulo chophatikiza kulikonse komwe kungatheke. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, pitani www.silabs.com/about-us/inclusive-lexicon-project

Chidziwitso cha Chizindikiro

• Silicon Laboratories Inc.®, Silicon Laboratories®, Silicon Labs®, SiLabs® ndi Silicon Labs logo®, Bluegiga®, Bluegiga Logo®, EFM®, EFM32®, EFR, Ember®, Energy Micro, logo ya Energy Micro ndi zosakaniza zake. , “ma microcontrollers ochezeka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi”, Redpine Signals®, WiSeConnect , n-Link, EZLink®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, Gecko®, Gecko OS, Gecko OS Studio, Precision32®, Simplicity Studio®, Telegesis, the Telegesis Logo®, USBXpress® , Zentri, logo ya Zentri ndi Zentri DMS, Z-Wave®, ndi zina ndi zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zolembetsedwa za
• Silicon Labs. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 ndi THUMB ndi zizindikiro kapena zizindikilo zolembetsedwa za ARM Holdings. Keil ndi chizindikiro cholembetsedwa cha ARM Limited. Wi-Fi ndi chizindikiro cholembetsedwa cha
• Wi-Fi Alliance. Zina zonse kapena mayina amtundu omwe atchulidwa pano ndi zilembo za omwe ali nawo.
  • Silicon Laboratories Inc. 400 West Cesar Chavez Austin, TX 78701 USA
  • www.silabs.com

Zolemba / Zothandizira

SILICON LABS UG103.11 Thread Basics Software [pdf] Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito UG103.11 Thread Fundamentals Software, UG103.11, Thread Fundamentals Software, Fundamentals Software, Software

Maumboni

• Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito