CISCO IPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol User Guide
Kupeza Zambiri
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Zoletsa za IPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol
- Kuwona kwa MLD sikuthandizidwa. IPv6 multicast traffic imakhala ndi madzi osefukira ku Ethernet Flow Points (EFPs) kapena Trunk EFPs (TEFPs) yolumikizidwa ndi domain domain.
- Woyimira MLD sakuthandizidwa.
- Kwa RSP1A, njira zopitilira 1000 IPv6 zowulutsa zambiri sizimathandizidwa.
- Kwa RSP1B, zopitilira 2000 IPv6 zowulutsa zambiri sizimathandizidwa.
- Protocol ya IPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery sichirikizidwa pa gawo la ASR 900 RSP3.
Zambiri Za IPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol
IPv6 Multicast Overview
Gulu la IPv6 multicast ndi gulu la anthu olandila omwe akufuna kulandira mtundu wina wa data. Gulu ili liribe malire akuthupi kapena malo; olandila amatha kupezeka paliponse pa intaneti kapena pa intaneti iliyonse yachinsinsi. Olandira omwe ali ndi chidwi cholandira deta yomwe ikupita ku gulu linalake ayenera kulowa mgululi posayina chipangizo chapafupi. Kuzindikiritsa uku kumatheka ndi protocol ya MLD.
Zipangizo zimagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya MLD kudziwa ngati mamembala a gulu alipo kapena ayi pamagulu awo omwe amalumikizidwa mwachindunji. Othandizira amalowa m'magulu ambiri potumiza mauthenga a lipoti la MLD. Netiwekiyo imatumiza deta kwa olandila omwe angakhale opanda malire, pogwiritsa ntchito kopi imodzi yokha ya data ya multicast pa subnet iliyonse. IPv6 makamu omwe akufuna kulandira magalimotowa amadziwika kuti ndi mamembala amagulu.
Mapaketi operekedwa kwa mamembala amagulu amadziwika ndi adilesi imodzi yamagulu ambiri. Mapaketi a Multicast amaperekedwa ku gulu pogwiritsa ntchito kudalirika kwamphamvu, monga mapaketi a IPv6 unicast.
Malo opangira ma multicast amakhala ndi otumiza ndi olandila. Wolandira aliyense, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi membala wa gulu, akhoza kutumiza ku gulu. Komabe, ndi mamembala a gulu okha omwe amalandila uthengawo.
Adilesi yowulutsa zambiri imasankhidwira olandila mugulu lanyimbo zambiri.Otumiza amagwiritsa ntchito adilesi iyi ngati adilesi yopitira a datagram kuti ifike kwa onse agululo.
Umembala mu gulu la multicast ndi wamphamvu; olandira akhoza kujowina ndikuchoka nthawi iliyonse. Palibe malire pa malo kapena chiwerengero cha mamembala mu gulu la multicast. Wolandira alendo atha kukhala membala wamagulu angapo owulutsa nthawi imodzi. Momwe gulu la ma multicast limagwirira ntchito, nthawi yake, komanso umembala wake ukhoza kusiyana pakati pa gulu komanso nthawi ndi nthawi. Gulu lomwe lili ndi mamembala litha kukhala opanda zochita
IPv6 Multicast Routing Implementation
Pulogalamu ya Cisco imathandizira ma protocol otsatirawa kuti agwiritse ntchito IPv6 multicast routing:
- MLD imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida za IPv6 kuti ipeze omvera amtundu wanyinji pamalumikizidwe olumikizidwa mwachindunji. Pali mitundu iwiri ya MLD:
- Mtundu 1 wa MLD watengera mtundu 2 wa Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) ya IPv4.
- Mtundu 2 wa MLD watengera mtundu 3 wa IGMP wa IPv4.
- IPv6 multicast ya mapulogalamu a Cisco amagwiritsa ntchito MLD version 2 ndi MLD version 1. MLD version 2 ndi yobwerera m'mbuyo-yogwirizana ndi MLD version 1 (yofotokozedwa mu RFC 2710). Othandizira omwe amathandizira mtundu 1 wa MLD okha amalumikizana ndi chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito mtundu 2 wa MLD. Ma LAN Osakanikirana okhala ndi MLD mtundu 1 ndi MLD mtundu 2 amalandila nawonso.
- PIM-SM imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa zida kuti athe kutsata mapaketi owulutsa ambiri omwe angatumize wina ndi mzake ndi ma LAN awo olumikizidwa mwachindunji.
- PIM in Source Specific Multicast (PIM-SSM) ndi yofanana ndi PIM-SM yokhala ndi kuthekera kowonjezera kufotokoza chidwi cholandira mapaketi kuchokera ku ma adilesi apadera (kapena kuchokera ku ma adilesi onse oyambira) kupita ku adilesi ya IP ya multicast.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa komwe MLD ndi PIM-SM zimagwira ntchito mkati mwa IPv6 multicast chilengedwe.
Chithunzi 1: IPv6 Multicast Routing Protocols Zothandizira IPv6
Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol ya IPv6
Kuyamba kukhazikitsa ma multicasting mu campus network, ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kufotokozera kaye omwe amalandira ma multicast. Protocol ya MLD imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida za IPv6 kuti adziwe kupezeka kwa omvera ambiri (mwachitsanzoample, ma node omwe akufuna kulandira mapaketi owulutsa ambiri) pamalumikizidwe awo omwe amalumikizidwa mwachindunji, ndikupeza maadiresi omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi ma node oyandikana nawo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira umembala wamagulu am'deralo komanso gwero lenileni lagulu. Protocol ya MLD imapereka njira yodziwongolera zokha ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ambiri pamaneti anu onse pogwiritsa ntchito ofunsa ndi makamu apadera. Kusiyana pakati pa ofunsa multicast ndi makamu ndi motere:
- A querier ndi chipangizo cha netiweki chomwe chimatumiza mauthenga kuti mudziwe kuti ndi zida ziti za netiweki zomwe zili mgulu lamtundu wanyinji.
- Wolandira ndi wolandira yemwe amatumiza lipoti kuti adziwitse wofunsa za umembala.
Gulu la ofunsa ndi olandira omwe amalandila ma data owulutsidwa mosiyanasiyana kuchokera kumalo omwewo amatchedwa gulu la multicast.
Ofunsa ndi makamu amagwiritsa ntchito malipoti a MLD kulowa ndikusiya magulu owulutsa ambiri ndikuyamba kulandira kuchuluka kwamagulu.
MLD imagwiritsa ntchito Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) kutumiza mauthenga ake. Mauthenga onse a MLD ndi olumikizana ndi am'deralo okhala ndi malire a 1, ndipo onse ali ndi njira yochenjeza. Njira yochenjeza ikutanthauza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mutu wa hop-by-hop.
MLD ili ndi mitundu itatu ya mauthenga:
- Kufunsa—Zambiri, zamagulu, ndi ma adilesi ambiri. Muuthenga wamafunso, gawo la ma adilesi ambiri limayikidwa ku 0 pomwe MLD itumiza funso wamba. Funso lalikulu limaphunzira kuti ndi ma adilesi amtundu wanji omwe ali ndi omvera pa ulalo wolumikizidwa
Mafunso okhudzana ndi gulu komanso ma adilesi ambiri ndi ofanana. Adiresi ya gulu ndi adilesi yowulutsa zambiri. - Lipoti—Mu uthenga wa lipoti, gawo la maadiresi owulutsa zambiri ndi la IPv6 maadiresi osiyanasiyana omwe wotumiza akumvetsera.
- Zachitika-Mu uthenga womwe wachitika, gawo la maadiresi ambiri ndi la IPv6 ma adilesi ambiri omwe gwero la uthenga wa MLD silikumveranso.
Lipoti la MLD liyenera kutumizidwa ndi adilesi yovomerezeka ya IPv6, kapena adilesi yosadziwika (::), ngati mawonekedwe otumizira sanapezebe ulalo wovomerezeka wa adilesi yapafupi. Kutumiza malipoti ndi adilesi yosatchulidwa ndikololedwa kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito IPv6 multicast mu Neighbor Discovery Protocol.
Pakusintha kopanda malire, node imayenera kujowina magulu angapo a IPv6 multicast kuti athe kuzindikira ma adilesi obwereza (DAD). DAD isanachitike, adilesi yokhayo yomwe node yofotokozera ili ndi mawonekedwe otumizira ndi yoyeserera, yomwe singagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizana. Choncho, adilesi yosadziwika iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
MLD imati zotsatira za malipoti a umembala wa MLD 2 kapena MLD 1 zitha kuchepetsedwa padziko lonse lapansi kapena mawonekedwe. Mbali ya malire a gulu la MLD imapereka chitetezo ku kukana ntchito (DoS) chifukwa cha mapaketi a MLD. Malipoti a umembala opitilira malire omwe adakhazikitsidwa sanalowe mu cache ya MLD, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa umembalawo sikudzatumizidwa.
MLD imapereka chithandizo pakusefa kwamagwero. Kusefa kochokera kumalola node kufotokoza chidwi chomvera mapaketi okha kuchokera ku ma adilesi apadera (ofunikira ku supportSSM), kapena kuchokera ku ma adilesi onse kupatula ma adilesi apadera omwe amatumizidwa ku adilesi inayake yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pamene wolandira wogwiritsa ntchito mtundu 1 wa MLD atumiza uthenga wochoka, chipangizocho chiyenera kutumiza uthenga kuti utsimikizirenso kuti wolandirayo ndiye anali womaliza wa MLD mtundu 1 yemwe adalumikizana ndi gululo asanayime kutumiza magalimoto. Izi zimatenga pafupifupi 2 masekondi. "Leve latency" iyi iliponso mu mtundu 2 wa IGMP wa IPv4 multicast.
MLD Access Group
Magulu ofikira a MLD amapereka chiwongolero cha olandila mu zida za Cisco IPv6 multicast. Izi zimachepetsa mndandanda wamagulu omwe wolandila angalowe nawo, ndipo amalola kapena kukana komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kujowina matchanelo a SSM.
Momwe Mungasinthire IPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol
Kuthandizira IPv6 Multicast Routing
Kuti mutsegule IPv6 multicast routing, malizitsani izi:
Musanayambe
Choyamba muyenera kuyatsa IPv6 unicast routing pamalo onse a chipangizo chomwe mukufuna kuyatsa IPv6 multicast routing.
MFUNDO ZACHIDULE
- athe
- konza terminal
- ipv6 multicast-routing [vrf vrf-name]
- TSIRIZA
MFUNDO ZABWINO
| Lamulo kapena Ntchito | Cholinga | |
| Gawo 1 | athe | Imathandizira mawonekedwe amtundu wa EXEC. |
| ExampLe: Chipangizo> yambitsani |
|
|
| Gawo 2 | konza terminal ExampLe: Chipangizo # sinthani terminal |
Ikulowetsani masinthidwe apadziko lonse lapansi. |
| Gawo 3 | ipv6 multicast-routing [vrf vrf-name]
ExampLe: Chipangizo(config)# ipv6 multicast-routing |
Imayatsa ma mayendedwe owulutsa pamitundu yonse yolumikizidwa ndi IPv6 ndikupangitsa kutumiza kwa ma PIM ndi MLD pazida zonse zoyatsidwa.
IPv6 multicast routing imayimitsidwa mwachisawawa pamene IPv6 unicast routing yayatsidwa. Pazida zina, IPv6 ma multicast routing ayeneranso kuyatsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito IPv6 unicast routing.
|
| Gawo 4 | TSIRIZA ExampLe: Chipangizo(config)# mapeto |
Imatuluka kupita ku EXEC mode. |
Kusintha MLD pa Chiyankhulo
Kuti musinthe MLD pa mawonekedwe, malizitsani izi:
MFUNDO ZACHIDULE
- athe
- konza terminal
- IPv6 mld malire a boma nambala
- ipv6 md [vrf dzina vrf] ssm-map yambitsani
- mawonekedwe nambala yamtundu
- ipv6 mld kupeza-gulu kupeza-mndandanda-dzina
- ipv6 mld static-gulu [gulu-adiresi] [[kuphatikiza| kupatula] {gwero-adilesi | gwero-mndandanda [acl]}
- ipv6 mld funso-max-yankho-nthawi masekondi
- ipv6 mld query-timeout masekondi
- ipv6 mld query-interval masekondi
- IPv6 mld malire nambala [kupatula mwayi-mndandanda]
- TSIRIZA
MFUNDO ZABWINO
| Lamulo kapena Ntchito | Cholinga | |
| Gawo 1 | athe ExampLe: Chipangizo> yambitsani |
Imathandizira mawonekedwe amtundu wa EXEC.
|
| Gawo 2 | konza terminal ExampLe: Chipangizo # sinthani terminal |
Ikulowetsani masinthidwe apadziko lonse lapansi. |
| Gawo 3 | IPv6 mld malire a boma nambala ExampLe: Chipangizo(config)# ipv6 mld boma-malire 300 |
Imakhazikitsa malire pa kuchuluka kwa mayiko a MLD chifukwa cha malipoti a umembala wa MLD padziko lonse lapansi.
Malipoti a umembala omwe adatumizidwa pambuyo poti malire adapitilira sanalowe mu cache ya MLD ndipo kuchuluka kwa malipoti owonjezera umembala sikutumizidwa.
|
| Gawo 4 | ipv6 md [vrf dzina vrf] ssm-map yambitsani ExampLe: Chipangizo(config)# ipv6 mld ssm-map yambitsani |
Imayatsa mawonekedwe a mamapu a Source Specific Multicast (SSM) pamagulu omwe ali mumtundu wokhazikika wa SSM.
|
| Gawo 5 | mawonekedwe nambala yamtundu ExampLe: Chipangizo(config)# mawonekedwe GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 |
Imatchula mtundu wa mawonekedwe ndi nambala, ndikuyika chipangizocho mumachitidwe osinthika. |
| Gawo 6 | ipv6 mld kupeza-gulu kupeza-mndandanda-dzina ExampLe: Chipangizo(config-if)# ipv6 access-list acc-grp-1 |
Amalola wogwiritsa ntchito IPv6 multicast wolandila wolandila.
|
| Gawo 7 | ipv6 mld static-gulu [gulu-adiresi] [[kuphatikiza|kupatula] {gwero-adilesi | gwero-mndandanda [acl]} ExampLe: Chipangizo(config-ngati)# ipv6 mld static-group ff04::10 ikuphatikiza 100::1 |
Kupititsa patsogolo magalimoto a gulu la multicast pa mawonekedwe osankhidwa ndikupangitsa mawonekedwe kukhala ngati ojowina MLD alipo pa mawonekedwe.
|
|
||
| Gawo 8 | ipv6 mld query-max-response-time seconds ExampLe: Chipangizo(config-ngati)# ipv6 mld query-max-response-time 20 |
Imakonza nthawi yochuluka yoyankhidwa yomwe imalengezedwa muzofunso za MLD.
|
| Gawo 9 | ipv6 mld query-timeout masekondi ExampLe: Chipangizo(config-if)# ipv6 mld query-timeout 130 |
Imakonza mtengo wanthawi yomaliza chipangizocho chisanayambe kukhala chofunsira mawonekedwe.
|
| Gawo 10 | ipv6 mld query-interval masekondi ExampLe: Chipangizo(config-if)# ipv6 mld query-interval 60 |
Imakonza pafupipafupi pomwe pulogalamu ya Cisco IOS XE imatumiza mauthenga afunso a MLD.
|
| Gawo 11 | ipv6 mld malire nambala [kupatula mndandanda wofikira]
ExampLe: Chipangizo(config-ngati)# ipv6 mld malire 100 |
Imakhazikitsa malire pa kuchuluka kwa mayiko a MLD chifukwa cha malipoti a umembala wa MLD pamawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse. Malipoti a umembala omwe adatumizidwa pambuyo poti malire adapitilira sanalowe mu cache ya MLD, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malipoti owonjezera umembala sikutumizidwa.
Malire a mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse amagwira ntchito mopanda wina ndi mnzake ndipo amatha kuyika malire okhazikika. Umembala umanyalanyazidwa ngati udutsa malire a mawonekedwe kapena malire adziko lonse lapansi. Ngati simukukhazikitsa mawu osakira ndi mkangano, maiko onse a MLD amawerengedwa kumalire osungidwa a cache pa mawonekedwe. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu osakira-mndandanda ndi mkangano kuti musaphatikize magulu ena kapena matchanelo kuti asawerengere malire a kache a MLD. Lipoti la umembala wa MLD limawerengedwa motsutsana ndi malire a mawonekedwe aliwonse ngati liloledwa ndi mwayi wotalikirapo |
Kuletsa MLD Device-Side Processing
Wogwiritsa atha kungofuna mawonekedwe odziwika kuti achite IPv6 multicast motero akufuna kuzimitsa makina a MLD mbali ya chipangizo pa mawonekedwe omwe atchulidwa. Kuti mulepheretse kukonza mbali ya chipangizo cha MLD, malizitsani izi:
MFUNDO ZACHIDULE
- athe
- konza terminal
- mawonekedwe nambala yamtundu
- palibe ipv6 mld rauta
ZABWINO MFUNDO
| Lamulo kapena Ntchito | Cholinga | |
| Gawo 1 | athe ExampLe: Chipangizo> yambitsani |
Imathandizira mawonekedwe amtundu wa EXEC.
|
| Gawo 2 | konza terminal ExampLe: Chipangizo # sinthani terminal |
Ikulowetsani masinthidwe apadziko lonse lapansi. |
| Gawo 3 | mawonekedwe nambala yamtundu ExampLe: Chipangizo(config)# mawonekedwe GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 |
Imatchula mtundu wa mawonekedwe ndi nambala, ndikuyika chipangizocho mumachitidwe osinthika. |
| Gawo 4 | palibe ipv6 mld rauta ExampLe: Chipangizo(config-ngati)# palibe ipv6 mld rauta |
Imayimitsa kukonza kwa chipangizo cha MLD pamawonekedwe osankhidwa. |
Kukhazikitsanso Ma Counter a Magalimoto a MLD
Kuti mukonzenso zowerengera za traffic za MLD, malizitsani izi:
MFUNDO ZACHIDULE
- athe
- bwino ipv6 mld [vrf dzina vrf] magalimoto
ZABWINO MFUNDO
| Lamulo kapena Ntchito | Cholinga | |
| Gawo 1 | athe ExampLe: Chipangizo> yambitsani |
Imathandizira mawonekedwe amtundu wa EXEC.
|
| Gawo 2 | bwino ipv6 mld [vrf dzina vrf] magalimoto ExampLe: Chipangizo # tsegulani traffic ipv6 mld |
Imakonzanso zowerengera zonse zamtundu wa MLD.
|
Kuchotsa ma MLD Interface Counters
Kuti muchotse zowerengera za MLD, malizitsani izi:
MFUNDO ZACHIDULE
- athe
- bwino ipv6 mld [vrf dzina vrf] zowerengera mawonekedwe-mtundu
ZABWINO MFUNDO
| Lamulo kapena Ntchito | Cholinga | |
| Gawo 1 | athe ExampLe: Chipangizo> yambitsani |
Imathandizira mawonekedwe amtundu wa EXEC.
|
| Gawo 2 | bwino ipv6 mld [vrf dzina vrf] zowerengera mawonekedwe-mtundu | Imachotsa zowerengera za MLD. |
| ExampLe: Chipangizo # chomveka bwino ipv6 mld zowerengera GigabitEthernet1/0/0 |
|
Kuchotsa Magulu a MLD
Kuti muchotse zambiri zokhudzana ndi MLD pa IPv6 multicast routing table, malizitsani izi:
MFUNDO ZACHIDULE
- athe
- konza terminal
- izi ipv6 [icmp] mld magulu {* | gulu-pachiyambi | gulu [gwero]} [vrf {dzina vrf | zonse}]
- TSIRIZA
ZABWINO MFUNDO
| Lamulo kapena Ntchito | Cholinga | |
| Gawo 1 | athe ExampLe: Chipangizo> yambitsani |
Imathandizira mawonekedwe amtundu wa EXEC.
|
| Gawo 2 | konza terminal ExampLe: Chipangizo # sinthani terminal |
Ikulowetsani masinthidwe apadziko lonse lapansi. |
| Gawo 3 | izi ipv6 [icmp] mld magulu {* | gulu-pachiyambi | gulu [gwero]} [vrf {dzina vrf | zonse}]
ExampLe: Chipangizo (config)# bwino ipv6 mld magulu * |
Imachotsa zambiri zamagulu a MLD.
|
Kutsimikizira IPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol
- Gwiritsani ntchito onetsani magulu a ipv6 mld [ulalo-kwawo] [dzina-gulu | gulu-adiresi] [chiyankhulo-mtundu mawonekedwe-nambala] [zambiri | poyera] lamula kuti muwonetse magulu owulutsa ambiri omwe alumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi chipangizocho ndipo adaphunziridwa kudzera ku MLD:
rauta # onetsani gulu la ipv6 mld
| Adilesi ya Gulu Logwirizana la MLD |
Chiyankhulo |
Uptime Itha |
| F08::1 | Gi0/4/4 | 00:10:22 00:04:19 |
- Gwiritsani ntchito onetsani ipv6 mfib [vrf dzina vrf] [zonse | linkscope | mawu | | gulu-adresi-dzina | ipv6-prefix/prefix-length | gwero-dzina | mawonekedwe | udindo | mwachidule] lamulo wonetsani zolowa ndi zolumikizira mu IPv6 Multicast Forwarding Information Base (MFIB).
Example ikuwonetsa zolowera ndi zolumikizirana mu MFIB yotchulidwa ndi adilesi yagulu ya FF08:1::1:
Router # onetsani ipv6 mfib ff08::1
- Gwiritsani ntchito onetsani mawonekedwe a ipv6 mld [nambala yamtundu] lamulo kuti muwonetse zambiri zokhudzana ndi ma multicast a
Zotsatirazi ndi sample output kuchokera ku chiwonetsero ipv6 mld mawonekedwe lamulo la mawonekedwe a Gigabit Ethernet 0/4/4:
Router# chiwonetsero cha ipv6 mld gigabitethernet 0/4/4
- Gwiritsani ntchito sonyeza ipv6 mld [vrf dzina vrf] magalimoto lamula kuti muwonetse zowerengera za traffic za MLD:
Router # wonetsani ipv6 mld traffic
- Gwiritsani ntchito onetsani ipv6 mnjira [vrf dzina vrf] [ulalo-kwawo | | [dzina la gulu | adilesi ya gulu [gwero-adilesi | gwero-dzina] ] ] lamula kuti muwonetse zomwe zili patsamba la PIM topology:
Router # onetsani ipv6 mroute ff08::1
Zolemba / Zothandizira
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CISCO IPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol [pdf] Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito IPv6, Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol, Listener Discovery Protocol, Multicast Discovery Protocol, Discovery Protocol, Protocol |
