CISCO IPv6 Multicast Mai Sauraron Gano Protocol Jagoran Mai Amfani
Neman Bayanin Siffar
Sakin software naku maiyuwa baya goyan bayan duk fasalulluka da aka rubuta a cikin wannan tsarin. Don sabon kogo da bayanin fasali, duba Kayan Aikin Neman Bug da bayanin kula don dandamali da sakin software. Don nemo bayanai game da fasalulluka da aka rubuta a cikin wannan ƙa'idar, da kuma ganin jerin abubuwan da aka fitar waɗanda ake tallafawa kowane fasali, duba teburin bayanin fasalin a ƙarshen wannan rukunin.
Yi amfani da Cisco Feature Navigator don nemo bayani game da tallafin dandamali da tallafin hoton software na Cisco. Don samun damar Cisco Feature Navigator, je zuwa www.cisco.com/go/cfn. Ba a buƙatar asusu akan Cisco.com.
Ƙuntatawa don Protocol na Gano Mai Sauraron Multicast IPv6
- Ba a tallafawa snooping MLD. IPV6 multicast zirga-zirga an ambaliya zuwa duk Ethernet Flow Points (EFPs) ko Trunk EFPs (TEFPs) masu alaƙa da yankin gada.
- Ba a tallafawa wakili na MLD.
- Don RSP1A, fiye da 1000 IPV6 hanyoyin multicast ba su da tallafi.
- Don RSP1B, fiye da 2000 IPV6 hanyoyin watsa labarai da yawa ba su da tallafi.
- IPV6 Multicast Listener Discovery protocol bashi da tallafi akan tsarin ASR 900 RSP3.
Bayani Game da IPV6 Multicast Mai Sauraron Gano Protocol
IPv6 Multicast Overview
Ƙungiyar multicast IPv6 ƙungiyar masu karɓa ce ta sabani waɗanda ke son karɓar takamaiman rafin bayanai. Wannan rukunin ba shi da iyakoki na zahiri ko na yanki; Ana iya samun masu karɓa a ko'ina a Intanet ko a kowace hanyar sadarwa mai zaman kanta. Masu karɓa waɗanda ke da sha'awar karɓar bayanan da ke gudana zuwa wata ƙungiya dole ne su shiga ƙungiyar ta hanyar sigina na'urar ta gida. Ana samun wannan siginar tare da ka'idar MLD.
Na'urori suna amfani da ka'idar MLD don koyo ko membobin ƙungiya suna nan ko a'a akan rukunin gidajen yanar gizon su kai tsaye. Mai watsa shiri suna haɗa ƙungiyoyin multicast ta aika saƙonnin rahoton MLD. Sa'an nan hanyar sadarwar ta ba da bayanai zuwa ƙimayar adadin masu karɓa mara iyaka, ta yin amfani da kwafi ɗaya kawai na bayanan multicast akan kowane gidan yanar gizo. IPV6 runduna waɗanda ke son karɓar zirga-zirga ana san su da membobin rukuni.
Ana gano fakitin da aka kai wa membobin ƙungiya ta adireshin rukunin multicast guda ɗaya. Ana isar da fakitin multicast zuwa ƙungiya ta amfani da ingantaccen ƙoƙari, kamar fakitin unicast na IPv6.
Yanayin multicast ya ƙunshi masu aikawa da masu karɓa. Duk mai masaukin baki, ba tare da la’akari da ko memba ne na ƙungiya ba, zai iya aikawa zuwa ƙungiya. Duk da haka, membobin ƙungiya ne kawai ke karɓar saƙon.
Ana zaɓar adireshin multicast don masu karɓa a cikin rukunin multicast. Masu aikawa suna amfani da wannan adireshin azaman adireshin da aka nufa.tagram don isa ga duk membobin kungiyar.
Kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar multicast yana da ƙarfi; runduna za su iya shiga da fita a kowane lokaci. Babu ƙuntatawa akan wuri ko adadin membobi a cikin rukunin multicast. Mai watsa shiri na iya zama memba na ƙungiyar multicast fiye da ɗaya a lokaci guda. Yadda ƙungiyar multicast ke aiki, tsawon sa, da membobinta na iya bambanta daga rukuni zuwa rukuni kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Ƙungiyar da ke da mambobi ƙila ba ta da wani aiki
IPV6 Multicast Roting Aiwatar
Software na Cisco yana goyan bayan ka'idoji masu zuwa don aiwatar da hanyar jigilar multicast IPv6:
- Ana amfani da MLD ta na'urorin IPv6 don gano masu sauraron multicast akan hanyoyin haɗin kai kai tsaye. Akwai nau'ikan MLD guda biyu:
- Sigar MLD 1 ta dogara ne akan sigar 2 na Tsarin Gudanar da Rukunin Intanet (IGMP) don IPV4.
- Sigar MLD 2 ta dogara ne akan sigar 3 na IGMP don IPv4.
- IPV6 multicast don software na Cisco yana amfani da nau'in MLD 2 da MLD nau'in 1. MLD sigar 2 ta dace da baya-dace da MLD sigar 1 (wanda aka kwatanta a cikin RFC 2710). Runduna waɗanda ke goyan bayan nau'in MLD 1 kawai suna yin hulɗa tare da na'urar da ke aiki da nau'in MLD 2. Haɗaɗɗen LANs tare da nau'in MLD 1 da MLD sigar 2 runduna suma ana tallafawa.
- Ana amfani da PIM-SM tsakanin na'urori ta yadda za su iya bin diddigin fakitin multicast don turawa juna da kuma zuwa ga LAN da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye.
- PIM a Source Specific Multicast (PIM-SSM) yayi kama da PIM-SM tare da ƙarin ikon bayar da rahoton sha'awar karɓar fakiti daga takamaiman adiresoshin tushe (ko daga duka sai takamaiman adiresoshin tushen) zuwa adireshin multicast na IP.
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna inda MLD da PIM-SM ke aiki a cikin yanayin multicast na IPv6.
Hoto 1: IPv6 Multicast Routing Protocols Support for IPv6
Protocol Gano Mai Sauraron Multicast don IPv6
Don fara aiwatar da multicasting a cikin camphanyar sadarwar mu, masu amfani dole ne su fara ayyana wanda ke karɓar multicast. Ana amfani da ƙa'idar MLD ta na'urorin IPv6 don gano kasancewar masu sauraron multicast (misaliample, nodes waɗanda ke son karɓar fakitin multicast) akan hanyoyin haɗin kai kai tsaye, da kuma gano musamman waɗanne adiresoshin multicast ɗin ke da sha'awar waɗannan nodes na makwabta. Ana amfani da shi don gano ƙungiyar gida da takamaiman memba na ƙungiyar tushen tushe. Ka'idar MLD tana ba da hanya don sarrafawa ta atomatik da iyakance kwararar zirga-zirgar sifofin multicast a cikin hanyar sadarwar ku tare da amfani da na'urori na musamman na multicast da runduna. Bambanci tsakanin masu tambaya na multicast da runduna shine kamar haka:
- Querier wata na'ura ce ta hanyar sadarwa wacce ke aika saƙonnin tambaya don gano waɗanne na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa membobi ne na ƙungiyar da aka bayar.
- Mai watsa shiri mai karɓa ne wanda ke aika saƙon rahoto don sanar da mai neman zama memba.
Saitin masu tambaya da runduna waɗanda ke karɓar rafukan bayanai masu yawa daga tushe ɗaya ana kiran ƙungiyar multicast.
Masu tambaya da runduna suna amfani da rahotannin MLD don shiga da barin ƙungiyoyi masu yawa da kuma fara karɓar zirga-zirgar rukuni.
MLD tana amfani da ka'idar saƙon saƙon Intanet (ICMP) don ɗaukar saƙon sa. Duk saƙonnin MLD haɗin gwiwa-na gida ne tare da iyakar hop na 1, kuma dukkansu suna da saita zaɓin faɗakarwa. Zaɓin faɗakarwa yana nuna aiwatar da taken zaɓi na hop-by-hop.
MLD yana da nau'ikan saƙonni uku:
- Tambaya — Gabaɗaya, ƙayyadaddun rukuni, da takamaiman adireshi da yawa. A cikin saƙon tambaya, an saita filin adireshin multicast zuwa 0 lokacin da MLD ke aika tambaya ta gaba ɗaya. Tambayar gabaɗaya ta koya waɗanne adiresoshin multicast ke da masu sauraro akan hanyar haɗin gwiwa
Takamaiman rukuni-rukuni da takamaiman-adireshin multicast iri ɗaya ne. Adireshin rukuni shine adireshin multicast. - Rahoton-A cikin saƙon rahoto, filin adireshin multicast shine na takamaiman adireshin multicast IPv6 wanda mai aikawa ke sauraro.
- Anyi-A cikin saƙon da aka yi, filin adireshin multicast shine na takamaiman adireshin multicast IPv6 wanda tushen saƙon MLD ba ya sauraron.
Dole ne a aika da rahoton MLD tare da ingantaccen adireshin hanyar haɗin yanar gizo na IPv6-na gida, ko adireshin da ba a fayyace ba (::), idan mahaɗin aika bai riga ya sami ingantaccen adireshin mahaɗin-gida ba. Ana ba da izinin aika rahotanni tare da adireshin da ba a bayyana ba don tallafawa amfani da multicast na IPv6 a cikin Yarjejeniyar Ganowar Maƙwabta.
Don saitin kai-da-kai mara jiha, ana buƙatar kumburi don haɗa ƙungiyoyin multicast IPv6 da yawa don aiwatar da gano adireshin kwafi (DAD). Kafin DAD, adireshi ɗaya tilo da kumburin rahoton ke da shi don keɓancewar aika aika shi ne na ɗan lokaci, wanda ba za a iya amfani da shi don sadarwa ba. Don haka, dole ne a yi amfani da adireshin da ba a bayyana ba.
MLD ya bayyana cewa sakamakon MLD sigar 2 ko MLD sigar 1 rahotannin zama membobin za a iya iyakance su a duniya ko ta hanyar mu'amala. Siffar ƙayyadaddun ƙungiyar MLD tana ba da kariya daga hana hare-haren sabis (DoS) waɗanda fakitin MLD suka haifar. Ba a shigar da rahotannin membobinsu fiye da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai a cikin ma'ajin MLD, kuma ba za a ƙaddamar da zirga-zirgar waɗannan rahotan membobin da suka wuce gona da iri ba.
MLD yana ba da tallafi don tace tushe. Tace tushen tushe yana ba da damar kumburi don ba da rahoton sha'awar sauraron fakiti kawai daga takamaiman adireshi na tushe (wanda ake buƙata don tallafawa SSM), ko daga duk adireshi ban da takamaiman adireshin tushen da aka aika zuwa wani adireshin multicast.
Lokacin da mai watsa shiri da ke amfani da sigar MLD 1 ya aika saƙon hutu, na'urar tana buƙatar aika saƙonnin tambaya don sake tabbatar da cewa wannan rundunar ita ce rundunar MLD version 1 ta ƙarshe da ta shiga ƙungiyar kafin ta daina tura zirga-zirga. Wannan aikin yana ɗaukar kusan daƙiƙa 2. Wannan “latency bar” kuma yana nan a cikin IGMP sigar 2 don multicast IPv4.
MLD Access Group
Ƙungiyoyin shiga MLD suna ba da ikon samun damar mai karɓa a cikin na'urori masu yawa na Cisco IPV6. Wannan fasalin yana iyakance jerin ƙungiyoyin da mai karɓa zai iya shiga, kuma yana ba da izini ko hana hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don shiga tashoshi na SSM.
Yadda ake Sanya IPV6 Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol
Ƙaddamar da IPV6 Multicast Roting
Don ba da damar hanyar sadarwar multicast na IPv6, kammala matakai masu zuwa:
Kafin ka fara
Dole ne ka fara ba da damar iPV6 unicast routing akan duk musaya na na'urar da kake son ba da damar iPV6 multicast routing a kai.
TAKAITACCEN MATAKAN
- ba da damar
- saita tasha
- ipv6 multicast-routing [vrf vrf-name]
- karshen
BAYANIN MATAKI
| Umurni ko Aiki | Manufar | |
| Mataki na 1 | ba da damar | Yana kunna yanayin EXEC mai gata. |
| Exampda: Na'ura> kunna |
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| Mataki na 2 | saita tasha Exampda: Na'ura# saita tashar tashar |
Yana shiga yanayin sanyi na duniya. |
| Mataki na 3 | ipv6 multicast-routing [vrf vrf-name]
Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita) # ipv6 multicast-routing |
Yana ba da damar sarrafa simintin multicast akan duk musaya masu kunna IPv6 kuma yana ba da damar isar da saƙon multicast don PIM da MLD akan duk mu'amalar na'urar da aka kunna.
IPv6 multicast routing an kashe ta tsohuwa lokacin da aka kunna IPv6 unicast routing. A kan wasu na'urori, dole ne kuma a kunna hanyar turawa ta IPv6 multicast don amfani da hanyar iPv6 unicast.
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| Mataki na 4 | karshen Exampda: Na'ura(config)# ƙare |
Fita zuwa yanayin EXEC mai gata. |
Keɓance MLD akan Interface
Don keɓance MLD akan ma'amala, kammala matakai masu zuwa:
TAKAITACCEN MATAKAN
- ba da damar
- saita tasha
- ipv6 mld iyaka jihar lamba
- ipv6 ml [vrf vrf-suna] ssm-map kunna
- dubawa lambar lamba
- ipv6 mld damar-ƙungiyar damar-jerin-suna
- ipv6 mld a tsaye-ƙungiyar [adireshin rukuni] [[hada da| ware] {tushen-adireshi | tushen-list [acl]}
- ipv6 mld tambaya-max-lokacin amsawa seconds
- ipv6 mld tambaya-lokacin ƙarewa seconds
- ipv6 mld tambaya-tazara seconds
- ipv6 mld iyaka lamba [sai dai jerin damar shiga]
- karshen
BAYANIN MATAKI
| Umurni ko Aiki | Manufar | |
| Mataki na 1 | ba da damar Exampda: Na'ura> kunna |
Yana kunna yanayin EXEC mai gata.
|
| Mataki na 2 | saita tasha Exampda: Na'ura# saita tashar tashar |
Yana shiga yanayin sanyi na duniya. |
| Mataki na 3 | ipv6 mld iyaka jihar lamba Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita) # ipv6 mld-limit 300 |
Yana saita iyaka akan adadin jahohin MLD sakamakon rahotannin zama membobin MLD akan tsarin duniya.
Ba a shigar da rahotannin zama membobin da aka aika bayan an ƙetare iyakokin da aka tsara a cikin ma'ajin MLD kuma ba a ƙaddamar da zirga-zirgar rahotan membobin da suka wuce gona da iri.
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| Mataki na 4 | ipv6 ml [vrf vrf-suna] ssm-map kunna Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita) # ipv6 mld ssm-map kunna |
Yana ba da damar fasalin taswirar Taswirar Taswirar Taswirar Source Specific (SSM) don ƙungiyoyi a cikin kewayon SSM da aka saita.
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| Mataki na 5 | dubawa lambar lamba Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita) # dubawa GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 |
Yana ƙayyade nau'in dubawa da lamba, kuma yana sanya na'urar cikin yanayin daidaitawa. |
| Mataki na 6 | ipv6 mld damar-ƙungiyar damar-jerin-suna Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita-idan) # ipv6 access-jerin acc-grp-1 |
Yana ba mai amfani damar yin IPV6 ikon samun dama ga mai karɓar multicast.
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| Mataki na 7 | ipv6 mld a tsaye-ƙungiyar [adireshin rukuni] [[hada da|ware] {tushen-adireshi | tushen-list [acl]} Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita-idan) # ipv6 mld static-group ff04 :: 10 sun haɗa da 100 :: 1 |
A tsaye yana tura zirga-zirga don ƙungiyar multicast zuwa ƙayyadaddun dubawa kuma yana haifar da keɓancewa don nuna hali kamar mai haɗin MLD yana nan akan abin dubawa.
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| Mataki na 8 | ipv6 mld tambaya-max-amsa-lokaci-lokaci Exampda: Na'ura(saifi-idan)# ipv6 mld tambaya-max-response-time 20 |
Yana saita matsakaicin lokacin amsawa da aka tallata a cikin tambayoyin MLD.
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| Mataki na 9 | ipv6 mld tambaya-lokacin ƙarewa Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita-idan) # ipv6 mld tambaya-lokaci 130 |
Yana saita ƙimar ƙarewar lokaci kafin na'urar ta ɗauka azaman mai neman abin dubawa.
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| Mataki na 10 | ipv6 mld tambaya-tazara seconds Exampda: Na'urar (saifi-idan) # ipv6 mld tambaya-tazara 60 |
Yana saita mitar inda software ɗin Cisco IOS XE ke aika saƙonnin tambayar mai masaukin baki MLD.
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| Mataki na 11 | lambar iyaka ipv6 mld [sai dai-jerin shiga]
Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita-idan) # ipv6 mld iyaka 100 |
Yana saita iyaka akan adadin jahohin MLD sakamakon rahotannin zama membobin MLD akan kowane ma'amala. Ba a shigar da rahotannin zama membobin da aka aika bayan an ƙetare iyakokin da aka tsara a cikin ma'ajin MLD, kuma ba a ƙaddamar da zirga-zirgar rahotan membobin da suka wuce gona da iri.
Iyakokin mu'amala da kowane tsarin suna aiki da kansu ba tare da izini ba kuma suna iya tilasta ƙayyadaddun iyakoki daban-daban. An yi watsi da ƙasar memba idan ta wuce ko dai iyakar mu'amala ko ta duniya. Idan baku saita kalmar maɓalli-jerin shiga sai dai da gardama, duk jihohin MLD ana ƙidaya su zuwa ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ma'ajin akan mahaɗa. Yi amfani da kalmar maɓalli na jeri banda samun dama da mahawara don keɓance takamaiman ƙungiyoyi ko tashoshi daga ƙidaya zuwa iyakar cache MLD. Ana ƙidaya rahoton zama memba na MLD akan iyakar mu'amalar mu'amala idan aka ba shi izini ta hanyar tsawaita damar shiga |
Kashe MLD Na'urar-Ganya Sarrafa
Mai amfani zai iya son ƙayyadaddun musaya don yin multicast na IPv6 don haka yana son kashe sarrafa na'urar-gefen na'urar MLD akan ƙayyadadden mu'amala. Don musaki sarrafa na'urar-gefen na'urar, kammala matakai masu zuwa:
TAKAITACCEN MATAKAN
- ba da damar
- saita tasha
- dubawa lambar lamba
- babu ipv6 mld na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa
BAYANI MATAKI
| Umurni ko Aiki | Manufar | |
| Mataki na 1 | ba da damar Exampda: Na'ura> kunna |
Yana kunna yanayin EXEC mai gata.
|
| Mataki na 2 | saita tasha Exampda: Na'ura# saita tashar tashar |
Yana shiga yanayin sanyi na duniya. |
| Mataki na 3 | dubawa lambar lamba Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita) # dubawa GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 |
Yana ƙayyade nau'in dubawa da lamba, kuma yana sanya na'urar cikin yanayin daidaitawa. |
| Mataki na 4 | babu ipv6 mld na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita-idan) # babu ipv6 mld na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa |
Yana hana sarrafa na'urar-gefen na'urar MLD akan ƙayyadaddun mu'amala. |
Sake saitin MLD Traffic Counters
Don sake saita kididdigar zirga-zirgar MLD, kammala matakan da ke biyowa:
TAKAITACCEN MATAKAN
- ba da damar
- ipv6 mld [vrf vrf-suna] zirga-zirga
BAYANI MATAKI
| Umurni ko Aiki | Manufar | |
| Mataki na 1 | ba da damar Exampda: Na'ura> kunna |
Yana kunna yanayin EXEC mai gata.
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| Mataki na 2 | ipv6 mld [vrf vrf-suna] zirga-zirga Exampda: Na'ura# share zirga-zirgar iPV6 mld |
Yana sake saita duk masu lissafin zirga-zirgar MLD.
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Share MLD Interface Counters
Don share ƙididdiga ta MLD, cika matakai masu zuwa:
TAKAITACCEN MATAKAN
- ba da damar
- ipv6 mld [vrf vrf-suna] counters nau'in dubawa
BAYANI MATAKI
| Umurni ko Aiki | Manufar | |
| Mataki na 1 | ba da damar Exampda: Na'ura> kunna |
Yana kunna yanayin EXEC mai gata.
|
| Mataki na 2 | ipv6 mld [vrf vrf-suna] counters nau'in dubawa | Yana share ma'aunin mu'amalar MLD. |
| Exampda: Na'ura# share iPV6 mld kirga GigabitEthernet1/0/0 |
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Ana share ƙungiyoyin MLD
Don share bayanan da ke da alaƙa da MLD a cikin tebur ɗin jigilar multicast na IPv6, kammala matakan masu zuwa:
TAKAITACCEN MATAKAN
- ba da damar
- saita tasha
- bayyana iPV6 [icmp] mld kungiyoyin {* | rukuni-prefix | rukuni [tushe]} [vrf {vrf-suna | duka}]
- karshen
BAYANI MATAKI
| Umurni ko Aiki | Manufar | |
| Mataki na 1 | ba da damar Exampda: Na'ura> kunna |
Yana kunna yanayin EXEC mai gata.
|
| Mataki na 2 | saita tasha Exampda: Na'ura# saita tashar tashar |
Yana shiga yanayin sanyi na duniya. |
| Mataki na 3 | bayyana iPV6 [icmp] mld kungiyoyin {* | rukuni-prefix | rukuni [tushe]} [vrf {vrf-suna | duka}]
Exampda: Na'ura (daidaita) # share ƙungiyoyin ipv6 mld * |
Yana share bayanan ƙungiyoyin MLD.
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Tabbatar da Ka'idar Gano Mai Sauraron Multicast IPv6
- Yi amfani da nuna ipv6 mld kungiyoyin [mahada-na gida] [sunan rukuni | group-address] [interface-type interface-lambar] [daki-daki | bayyane] umarni don nuna ƙungiyoyin multicast waɗanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa na'urar kuma waɗanda aka koya ta MLD:
Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa# nuna kungiyar ipv6 mld
| Adireshin Ƙungiya mai Haɗin MLD |
Interface |
Uptime ya ƙare |
| FF08:: 1 | Gi 0/4/4 | 00:10:22 00:04:19 |
- Yi amfani da nuna ipv6 mfb [vrf vrf-suna] [duka | linkscope | magana | sunan rukuni-adireshi | ipv6-prefix/tsawon prefix | tushen-adireshin-suna | dubawa | matsayi | taƙaitawa] umarni yana nuna shigarwar aikawa da musaya a cikin IPV6 Multicast Forwarding Information Base (MFIB).
Mai zuwa example yana nuna shigarwar isarwa da mu'amala a cikin MFIB da aka kayyade tare da adireshin rukuni na FF08: 1:: 1:
Mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa # nuna ipv6 mfib ff08 :: 1
- Yi amfani da nuna iPV6 mld dubawa [lambar lamba] umarni don nuna bayanan da suka danganci multicast game da wani
Mai zuwa shine sample fitarwa daga nuna ipv6 mld dubawa umarnin don Gigabit Ethernet interface 0/4/4:
Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa # nuna ipv6 mld interface gigabitethernet 0/4/4
- Yi amfani da nuna iPV6 mld [vrf vrf-suna] zirga-zirga umarnin don nuna masu lissafin zirga-zirgar MLD:
Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa # nuna iPV6 mld zirga-zirga
- Yi amfani da nuna iPV6 moute [vrf vrf-suna] [mahada-na gida | [sunan rukuni | adireshin rukuni [source-address | source-name]]] umarni don nuna bayanin a cikin teburin PIM topology:
Mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa # nuna ipv6 mroute ff08 :: 1
Takardu / Albarkatu
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CISCO IPv6 Multicast Mai Sauraron Gano Protocol [pdf] Jagorar mai amfani IPv6, Multicast Discovery Protocol, Mai Sauraro Protocol, Multicast Discovery Protocol, Discovery Protocol, Protocol |
