Understanding Tire Markings and Maintenance

Tire Sidewall Markings Explained

Tire sidewalls contain a wealth of information crucial for understanding tire specifications and ensuring proper use. Key markings include:

1. P: Indicates the tire is for passenger vehicles. This is not always present.
2. Tire Width: The measurement in millimeters from one sidewall to the other (e.g., 205 mm).
3. Aspect Ratio (Profile): The ratio of the tire's sidewall height to its width, expressed as a percentage. For example, a 50 aspect ratio on a 205 mm wide tire means a sidewall height of 102 mm.
4. R: Denotes a Radial construction.
5. Rim Diameter: The diameter of the wheel rim in inches.
6. Load Index: Indicates the maximum load the tire can support. This is not always shown.
7. Speed Rating: Denotes the maximum speed capability of the tire for continuous operation. Refer to page 262 for a detailed speed index chart.
8. Manufacturer Information: Standard factory information for recalls and checks, often including manufacturer, place of production, and date of manufacture (last four digits of the DOT code). For example, 5111 indicates the 51st week of 2011.
9. M+S / M/S: Indicates suitability for mud and snow conditions.
10. Construction Details: Information on the number of plies in the tread and sidewall, indicating the materials used in the tire's construction.
11. Treadwear: An indicator of the tire's wear resistance. A higher number signifies longer tread life.
12. Traction: Evaluates the tire's braking effectiveness on wet surfaces. Graded from AA (best) to C (worst).
13. Maximum Load: The maximum weight the tire can carry.
14. Temperature Rating: Indicates the tire's heat resistance, graded A (best) to C. This rating applies to properly inflated tires used within their speed and load limits.
15. Maximum Tire Pressure: This pressure is for reference and not for normal driving.

Load and Speed Index Tables

Speed Ratings:

Speed Index:

Tire Care and Maintenance

Proper tire care is essential for safety and longevity.

• Do not drive on damaged, excessively worn, or improperly inflated tires.
• Avoid exposing tires to automotive fluids, which can cause damage.
• Prevent wheelspin, as it can damage tire structure and lead to failure. If wheelspin is unavoidable in conditions like deep snow, limit speed to 50 km/h (30 mph).
• Do not exceed the maximum pressure indicated on the tire sidewall.
• Regular Checks: Inspect tires for damage, wear, and deformation weekly, and before long journeys. If unsure, consult a tire repair shop or authorized Land Rover service center.
• Cold Tires: Always check tire pressure when tires are cold. Pressure can increase significantly when tires are hot.
• Temperature Effects: If the vehicle is in high temperatures, do not reduce tire pressure. Allow tires to cool before checking.
• Recommended Pressures: Refer to the sticker in the driver's door jamb for recommended tire pressures based on load.
• TPMS: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) will alert you to low tire pressure. If the system fault light illuminates, consult the vehicle manual or a service center.

Tire Pressure Adjustment Procedure

Follow these steps for checking and adjusting tire pressure:

1. Remove the valve cap.
2. Connect the tire pressure gauge or pump to the valve.
3. Read the pressure and inflate if necessary.
4. Remove the gauge and reattach for an accurate reading.
5. If pressure is too high, release air by pressing the valve core. Re-check pressure.
6. Repeat until the desired pressure is achieved.
7. Replace the valve cap.

Valve Stems: Ensure valve caps are securely tightened to prevent water and dirt ingress. Check for leaks.

Punctured Tires

Do not drive on a punctured tire, even if it appears inflated. Replace the tire or seek professional assistance immediately.

Tire Replacement

• When replacing tires, use tires of the same type and, if possible, the same brand and tread pattern.
• Ensure new tires meet or exceed the original equipment (OE) load index and speed rating specifications. Consult your dealer if unsure.
• Do not rotate tires on the vehicle unless specified by Land Rover.
• If using non-Land Rover recommended tires, follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully.

Tire Aging

Tires degrade over time due to UV exposure, temperature extremes, and load. It is recommended to replace tires every six years, or sooner if signs of aging are present.

Winter Tire Usage

• Winter tires are often legally required in certain regions during winter months.
• M+S rated tires are generally suitable for winter conditions.
• Special winter tires may offer optimal grip in severe winter conditions but may have lower speed ratings. Always adhere to the speed limits for winter tires.
• When using special winter tires, wheel size may need to be changed. Replace all four wheels if necessary.

Snow Chains

• Snow chains are used for enhanced traction in snow and ice.
• Use chains only in conditions of packed snow or ice.
• Observe speed limits when using snow chains (typically 50 km/h or 30 mph).
• Do not install snow chains on temporary spare tires.
• Use only Land Rover-approved snow chains to prevent vehicle damage.
• Ensure chains are installed correctly and do not damage tires or the vehicle.
• Chain types may vary by wheel diameter (19-22 inches). Follow manufacturer instructions for proper installation.

Tire Declaration (India)

Imported tires comply with Indian standards (BIS) and Central Motor Vehicles Rules (CMVR) 1989, matching OE specifications for Land Rover vehicles sold in India.