Microscope Introduction

Objective Lenses

The document displays a series of microscope objective lenses, each with specific magnification and numerical aperture (NA) ratings. These include:

Plan 2x/0.06
Plan 4x/0.10
Plan 10x/0.25
Plan 20x/0.50
Plan 40x/0.65
Plan 50x/0.95 oil
Plan 60x/0.80
Plan 100x/1.25 Oil

[Image Description: A row of cylindrical microscope objective lenses, each with a label indicating magnification (e.g., "Plan 2x/0.06", "Plan 4x/0.10", "Plan 10x/0.25", "Plan 20x/0.50", "Plan 40x/0.65", "Plan 50x/0.95 oil", "Plan 60x/0.80", "Plan 100x/1.25 Oil") and numerical aperture.]

Eyepieces and Field of View

In microscopy, "WF" on an eyepiece stands for "Wide Field." This signifies that the eyepiece offers a broader field of view compared to standard eyepieces, enabling a better overview of the specimen.

Eyepieces are typically marked with their magnification and field of view number, for example, "WF10x / 18 mm".

The "field of view" refers to the area visible through the microscope when looking straight ahead without moving the head. In the example "WF10x / 18 mm", the "18 mm" indicates the field of view number.

[Image Description: A close-up of a black microscope eyepiece labeled "WF10X 18 mm".]

Measuring the Field of View

The process involves using the diaphragm. The document shows two eyepieces for measurement:

An eyepiece with a diaphragm, marked "16 mm".
Another eyepiece with a diaphragm, marked "20 mm".

[Image Description: Two microscope eyepieces. The left one is labeled "16 mm" and shows a diaphragm. The right one is labeled "20 mm" and also shows a diaphragm.]

40X Electronic Eyepiece (Camera)

This electronic eyepiece functions as a camera for microscopes.

Usage Instructions:

To use with a PC: Install and use the "StrangeView" software.
To use with a cell phone: Connect it using a USB A to USB C adapter and the "Camera Viewer" software.

[Image Description: A set of components for a microscope camera eyepiece, including a black cap, a cylindrical adapter, and a USB cable.]

[Image Description: A small black USB adapter labeled "VCELINK".]

Eyepiece Installation and Magnification

[Image Description: A microscope with a black eyepiece inserted into the head.]

[Image Description: A microscope with a black eyepiece and a silver cylindrical Barlow lens attached.]

Total Magnification Calculation

The overall magnification of a microscope is calculated by multiplying the eyepiece magnification by the objective lens magnification:

Eyepiece Magnification x Objective Magnification = Overall Magnification

Examples:

10x Eyepiece + 4x Objective = 40x (10 x 4 = 40)
10x Eyepiece + 10x Objective = 100x (10 x 10 = 100)
10x Eyepiece + 40x Objective = 400x (10 x 40 = 400)

Magnification with a 2x Barlow Lens

When a 2x Barlow lens is used, the magnification is further increased:

Eyepiece Magnification x 2x Barlow Lens x Objective Magnification = Overall Magnification

Examples:

10x Eyepiece + 2x Barlow + 4x Objective = 80x (10 x 2 x 4 = 80)
10x Eyepiece + 2x Barlow + 10x Objective = 200x (10 x 2 x 10 = 200)
10x Eyepiece + 2x Barlow + 40x Objective = 800x (10 x 2 x 40 = 800)

Barlow Lenses (Extenders)

Barlow lenses are used to increase the magnification of a microscope system.

[Image Description: A silver cylindrical lens labeled "2X" with magnification markings (10, 20, 30, 40) and brand "Datyson".]

[Image Description: A silver cylindrical lens labeled "2X" with magnification markings (5, 10, 15, 20) and brand "Datyson", shown attached to another lens. The text indicates this is a 4x Barlow lens, with the instruction "Put the 2x long first".]

Focusing and Phone Holder

Focusing Procedure:

Begin by focusing with the 4x objective, then switch to the 10x objective for finer adjustment, and finally use the 40x objective for the sharpest focus.

APEXEL F002X Phone Holder

This phone holder is described as working very well and being easy to use. It features an adapter for 23.2 mm eyepieces.

[Image Description: A black metal phone holder with adjustable clamps, labeled "APEXEL".]

[Image Description: A black microscope eyepiece labeled "WF5X" and a separate circular adapter labeled "T-Adapter-23.2mm".]

Using Spacers

Spacers can be created using double-sided adhesive tape to adjust the height of microscope slides or components. The method involves cutting double-sided adhesive tape in half and attaching pieces of cardboard to the tape to improve grip and reduce slippage.

[Image Description: Several pieces of white double-sided adhesive tape, some with "3M 9448 Double Coated Tape" branding.]

[Image Description: Small, white rectangular pieces of cardboard, some numbered (1, 2, 3, 4).]

[Image Description: A microscope stage with a slide and several small, dark spacers placed under the slide holder.]

Magnification Tables

The following tables detail the total magnification achievable by combining different eyepieces, objectives, and Barlow lenses.

Table 1: Eyepiece Magnification x 5

Objective X	Barlow Lens
Objective X	1	2	4
1	5	10	20
2	10	20	40
4	20	40	80
10	50	100	200
20	100	200	400
40	200	400	800
50	250	500	1000
60	300	600	1200
100	500	1000	2000

Table 2: Eyepiece Magnification x 10

Objective X	Barlow Lens
Objective X	1	2	4
1	10	20	40
2	20	40	80
4	40	80	160
10	100	200	400
20	200	400	800
40	400	800	1600
50	500	1000	2000
60	600	1200	2400
100	1000	2000	4000

Table 3: Eyepiece Magnification x 12.5

Objective X	Barlow Lens
Objective X	1	2	4
1	12.5	25	50
2	25	50	100
4	50	100	200
10	125	250	500
20	250	500	1000
40	500	1000	2000
50	625	1250	2500
60	750	1500	3000
100	1250	2500	5000

Table 4: Eyepiece Magnification x 16

Objective X	Barlow Lens
Objective X	1	2	4
1	16	32	64
2	32	64	128
4	64	128	256
10	160	320	640
20	320	640	1280
40	640	1280	2560
50	800	1600	3200
60	960	1920	3840
100	1600	3200	6400

Table 5: Eyepiece Magnification x 20

Objective X	Barlow Lens
Objective X	1	2	4
1	20	40	80
2	40	80	160
4	80	160	320
10	200	400	800
20	400	800	1600
40	800	1600	3200
50	1000	2000	4000
60	1200	2400	4800
100	2000	4000	8000

Table 6: Eyepiece Magnification x 25

Objective X	Barlow Lens
Objective X	1	2	4
1	25	50	100
2	50	100	200
4	100	200	400
10	250	500	1000
20	500	1000	2000
40	1000	2000	4000
50	1250	2500	5000
60	1500	3000	6000
100	2500	5000	10000

Table 7: Eyepiece Magnification x 30

Objective X	Barlow Lens
Objective X	1	2	4
1	30	60	120
2	60	120	240
4	120	240	480
10	300	600	1200
20	600	1200	2400
40	1200	2400	4800
50	1500	3000	6000
60	1800	3600	7200
100	3000	6000	12000

Table 8: Eyepiece Magnification x 40

Objective X	Barlow Lens
Objective X	1	2	4
1	40	80	160
2	80	160	320
4	160	320	640
10	400	800	1600
20	800	1600	3200
40	1600	3200	6400
50	2000	4000	8000
60	2400	4800	9600
100	4000	8000	16000

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