CISCO IOS XE 17 IP Aterese Tataiso ea Mosebelisi ea Tlhophiso

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP e fana ka litaelo tsa ho lokisa liaterese tsa IP ho lisebelisoa tsa Cisco IOS XE 17.x. E akaretsa ka bobeli aterese ea IPv4 le IPv6, hammoho le malebela a ho rarolla mathata le tlhahisoleseling mabapi le matamo a aterese a fetang a IP. Tataiso e ikemiselitse ho thusa basebelisi ho theha khokahano ea IP ho marang-rang ka ho abela liaterese tsa IP ho li-interfaces.

Litaelo tsa Tšebeliso ea Sehlahisoa

Khaolo ea 1: Ho lokisa liaterese tsa IPv4
Khaolo ena e fana ka tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le liaterese tsa IP, ho kenyelletsa le linomoro tsa binary, sebopeho sa aterese ea IP, lihlopha tsa aterese ea IP, subnetting ea marang-rang a IP, le mekhoa e mengata ea li-inter-domain routing. E boetse e hlalosa mokhoa oa ho lokisa liaterese tsa IP le ho theha khokahanyo ea IP ho marang-rang ka ho fana ka aterese ea IP ho sebopeho.

Khaolo ea 2: Malebela a ho rarolla mathata
Khaolo ena e fana ka malebela a ho rarolla mathata bakeng sa ho eketsa palo ea mabotho a IP a tšehetsoeng marang-rang a sebelisa liaterese tsa IP tsa bobeli. E boetse e akaretsa matamo a aterese a marang-rang a IP, ho kenyeletsoa lithibelo, melemo, le tlhophiso examples.

Khaolo ea 3: Kamoo Lihlopha tsa Liaterese tsa IP li Sebetsang Kateng
Khaolo ena e hlalosa kamoo matamo a aterese a marang-rang a sebetsanang le IP a sebetsang kateng 'me e fana ka litaelo tsa ho hlophisa le ho netefatsa sehlopha sa libaka tsa letamo. E kenyeletsa tlhophiso examplitšupiso tse ling le tse ling bakeng sa ho hlophisa matamo a aterese a fetang a IP.

Khaolo ea 4: Auto-IP
Khaolo ena e akaretsa Auto-IP, ho kenyelletsa le lintho tse hlokahalang, lithibelo, le tlhahisoleseling mabapi le Auto-IP. E fana ka ho fetaview ea Auto-IP, e hlalosa mohopolo oa sesebelisoa sa peo, mme e fana ka litaelo tsa ho hlophisa Auto-IP le ho rarolla likhohlano ka mokhoa oa Auto-Swap.

Khaolo ea 5: Ho Hlophisa Sesebelisoa sa Peo
Khaolo ena e shebane le ho hlophisa sesebelisoa sa peo bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea Auto-IP. E boetse e fana ka litaelo tsa ho hlophisa ts'ebetso ea Auto-IP ho li-interface tsa node bakeng sa ho kenyeletsoa lesale la Auto-IP. Mohlamplitšupiso tse ling le tse ling li kenyelelitsoe.

Khaolo ea 6: IPv6 Addressing
Khaolo ena e bua ka aterese ea IPv6 le khokahano ea mantlha. E akaretsa lithibelo, lifomate tsa aterese tsa IPv6, ponts'o ea aterese ea IPv6, sehlooho se nolofalitsoeng sa pakete ea IPv6, DNS ea IPv6, Cisco.
Tšehetso ea aterese ea Discovery Protocol IPv6, IPv6 prefix aggregation, IPv6 site multihoming, IPv6 data links, le li-protocol tse peli tsa IPv4 le IPv6. E boetse e fana ka litaelo tsa ho hlophisa aterese ea IPv6 le khokahanyo ea mantlha.

LBH

P: Morero oa tataiso ee ke ofe?
A: Sepheo sa tataiso ena ke ho fana ka litaelo tsa ho lokisa liaterese tsa IP ho lisebelisoa tsa Cisco IOS XE 17.x le ho theha khokahanyo ea IP ho marang-rang.

P: Na tataiso ee e akaretsa aterese ea IPv4 le IPv6 ka bobeli?
A: E, tataiso ena e akaretsa ka bobeli aterese ea IPv4 le IPv6.

P: Na ho na le malebela a ho rarolla mathata a kenyellelitsoeng?
A: E, tataiso e kenyelletsa malebela a ho rarolla mathata bakeng sa ho eketsa palo ea mabotho a IP a tšehetsoeng marang-rang le ho rarolla likhohlano tsa letamo la aterese ea IP.

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Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x
Qetello e Fetotsoe: 2023-07-20
Ntlo-kholo ea Amerika
Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000
800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 527-0883

Litaba

LIEKETSENG

SEBAKA
KAROLO EA I KHAOLO EA 1

Matshwao a Felletseng a Cisco a nang le Laesense ya Software ?
Selelekela lxix Selelekela lxix Bamameli le Bophara lxix Tumellano ea Sebopeho lxx Litumellano tsa Litokomane lxx Lipuisano, Litšebeletso, le Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng lxxi Maikutlo a Litokomane lxxii Tharollo ea Mathata lxxii
IPv4 Aterese 73
Ho lokisa liaterese tsa IPv4 1 Reference the Chapter Map mona 1 Tlhahisoleseding ka Liaterese tsa IP 1 Binary Numbering 1 IP Address Structure 3 IP Address Class 4 IP Network Subnetting 6 IP Network Address Assignments 7 Classless Inter-Domain Routing 10 Prefixes 10 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Liaterese tsa IP 10 Ho theha Khokahano ea IP ho Marang-rang ka ho Abela Aterese ea IP ho Sehokelo 10

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Litaba

KHAOLO EA 2

Malebela a ho rarolla mathata 11 Ho eketsa Palo ea IP Hosts e Tšehetsoeng ho Marang-rang ka ho Sebelisa IP ea Bobeli
Liaterese Malebela a 12 a Tharollo ea Mathata 13 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa Ka mor'a moo 13 Ho eketsa Palo ea IP Subnets tse Teng ka ho Lumella Tšebeliso ea IP Subnet Zero Malebela a 13 a Tharollo ea Mathata 14 Ho Hlalosa Sebopeho sa Li-Mask tsa Marang-rang 15 E Hlalosa Sebopeho seo Li-Netmasks li Hlahisang Khatiso ea Current15. Sebopeho seo Li-Netmasks li Hlahang ho Mola oa Motho ka Mong 15 Ho Sebelisa Li-interfaces tsa IP tse sa Baloang ho Point-to-Point WAN Interfaces ho Lekanya Palo ea liaterese tsa IP tse Hlokehang 16 IP Unnumbered Feature 16 Troubleshooting Tips 18 Ho sebelisa liaterese tsa IP tse nang le 31-Bit-Preto-Preto-Preto-li-prefixes ho. Ntlha ea WAN Interfaces ho Lekanya Palo ea Liaterese tsa IP tse Hlokehang 18 RFC 3021 18 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 21 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa liaterese tsa IP 21 Example Ho Theha Khokahano ea IP ho Marang-rang ka ho Abela Aterese ea IP ho Sehokelo 21 Example Ho eketsa Palo ea Mabotho a IP a Tšehetsoeng ho Marang-rang ka ho Sebelisa Liaterese tsa IP tsa Bobeli 21 Ex.ample Ho Sebelisa Li-interfaces tsa IP tse se nang linomoro ho Point-to-Point WAN Interfaces ho Lekanya Palo ea liaterese tsa IP tse Hlokehang 22 Ex.ample Ho sebelisa liaterese tsa IP tse nang le 31-Bit Prefixes ho Point-to-Point WAN Interfaces ho Lekanya Palo ea liaterese tsa IP tse Hlokehang 22 Ex.ample Ho eketsa Palo ea Li-subnets tsa IP tse Fumanehang ka ho Lumella Tšebeliso ea IP Subnet Zero 22 Moo u ka eang teng Latelang 23 Litšupiso tse ling 23 Boitsebiso ba Litšebeletso tsa Liaterese tsa IP 24
IP Overlapping Address Pools 27 Restrictions for IP Overlapping Address Pools 27 Information About IP Overlapping Address Pools 27 Benefits 27

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KHAOLO EA 3 KHAOLO EA 4

Kamoo Lihlopha tsa Liaterese tsa IP li Sebetsang Kateng 27 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Matamo a Liaterese a Phethahalang a IP 28
Ho lokisa le ho netefatsa Sehlopha sa Sebaka sa Letamo 28 Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa ho Hlophisa Matamo a Aterese a Pepetsana a IP 29
Hlalosa Pokello ea Liaterese tsa Sebaka e le Global Default Mechanism Example 29 Hlophisa Mekhahlelo e Mengata ea liaterese tsa IP ho Letamo le le leng Example Litšupiso tse 29 tse Eketsehileng 29 Tlhahisoleseding ea Sebopeho bakeng sa ho Lokisa Matamo a Aterese a Phethahalang a IP 30 Glossary 31
IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 33 Information About IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 33 IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support Overview 33 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 33 Ho nolofaletsa Polling ho Sebopeho sa Ethernet 33 Ho Lokisa Boholo ba Mohala le Pakete Rate bakeng sa Khetho ea IP ARP bakeng sa Li-interfaces tse sa Baloang 35 Ho netefatsa IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 35 Configuration Ex.amples for IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support 37 Example: Ho nolofaletsa Polling ho Ethernet Interface 37 Example: Ho Hlophisa Boholo ba Mela le Sekhahla sa Pakete bakeng sa Polling ea IP ARP bakeng sa Li-interfaces tse sa Baloang 37 Litšupiso tse ling 38 Tlhahisoleseding ea Boitsebiso bakeng sa Tšehetso ea Polling ea IP Unnumbered 38
Auto-IP 41 Prerequisites for Auto-IP 41 Restrictions for Auto-IP 42 Information About Auto-IP 42 Auto-IP Overview 42 Sesebediswa sa 44 Setlhophiso sa Auto-IP bakeng sa ho Kenya Sesebediswa ka hare ho Ring ya Auto-IP 45 Ho Tloswa ha Sesebediswa ho tswa ho Ring ea Auto-IP 47 Tharollo ea Likhohlano Ho Sebelisa Mokhoa oa ho Fetola Otho 48 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Auto-IP 49

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Litaba

KHAOLO EA 5
KAROLO EA II KHAOLO EA 6

Ho Hlophisa Sesebediswa sa Peo 49 Ho Hlophisa Tshebetso ea Auto-IP ho Li-interfaces tsa Node (bakeng sa ho kenyeletsoa ho Ring ea Auto-IP) 51 Ho netefatsa le ho rarolla mathata Auto-IP 53 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Auto-IP 55 Example: Ho Hlophisa Sesebediswa sa Peo 55 ExampLe: Ho lokisa Ts'ebetso ea Auto-IP ho Node Interfaces (bakeng sa ho kenyeletsoa ho Auto-IP
Ring) Litšupiso tse ling tse 55 bakeng sa Auto-IP 56 Litaba tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa Auto-IP 56
Zero Touch Auto-IP 59 Ho Fumana Lintlha tsa Sebopeho 59 Litlhokahalo tsa Zero Touch Auto-IP 59 Lithibelo bakeng sa Zero Touch Auto-IP 60 Tlhahisoleseding ka Zero Touch Auto-IP 60 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Zero Touch Auto-IP 62 Ho Amahanya Seva ea Auto-IP le an Autonomic Network 62 E nolofalletsang Boemo ba Boiketsetso ho Li-Port Ring tsa Auto-IP 64 Ho lokisa Seva ea Auto-IP le ho boloka Letamo la liaterese tsa IP ho Seva 65 Ho Lokisa Peo Port 66 Ho netefatsa le ho rarolla mathata a Zero Touch Auto-IP 67 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Zero Touch Auto-IP 70 Example: Ho amahanya Seva ea Auto-IP le Autonomic Network 70 Example: Ho nolofaletsa Auto Mode ho Auto-IP Ring Ports 70 ExampLe: Ho lokisa Seva ea Auto-IP le ho boloka Letamo la liaterese tsa IP ho Server 71 Ex.ample: Ho Hlophisa Seed Port 71 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Zero Touch Auto-IP 71 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa Auto-IP 72
IPv6 Aterese 73
Lithibelo tsa IPv6 tsa Aterese le Khokahano ea Motheo 75 Lithibelo Bakeng sa ho Kenngoe Liaterese tsa IPv6 le Khokahano ea Motheo 75 Litaba Mabapi le Liaterese tsa IPv6 le Khokahano ea Motheo

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KHAOLO EA 7 KHAOLO EA 8

IPv6 bakeng sa Cisco Software 75 E Khōlō ea IPv6 Aterese Sebaka bakeng sa Liaterese tse Ikhethang 76 IPv6 Liforomo tsa Aterese 76 IPv6 Aterese ea Output Display 77 Nolofalitsoeng IPv6 Pakete Header 78 DNS bakeng sa IPv6 81 Cisco Discovery Protocol IPv6 Address Support 82 IPv6 Prefix Aggregation 82 IPv6 Multi-Aggregation 82 IPv6 Data Link Li-IPv83 tse peli le IPv4 Protocol Stacks 6 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Liaterese tsa IPv83 le Khokahano ea Motheo
'Mapa oa Lebitso la moamoheli-ho-Aterese 86 E Hlahisang IPv6 Melaetsa e tsamaisang bocha 88 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Aterese ea IPv6 le Khokahano ea Motheo 89 Example: IPv6 Addressing le IPv6 Routing Configuration 89 Example: Tlhophiso ea Li-Dual-Protocol Stacks 89 ExampLe: Mappings ea Lebitso la Moamoheli-ho-Aterese Litšupiso tse 90 tsa Tlatsetso bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa IPv6: AAAA DNS Lookups 90 Lintlha mabapi le Liaterese tsa IPv6 le Khokahano ea Motheo 91
IPv6 Anycast Address 93 Information About IPv6 Anycast Address 93 IPv6 Type Type: Anycast 93 How to Configuring IPv6 Anycast Address 94 Configuring IPv6 Anycast Addressing 94 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa IPv6 Anycast Address 95 Example: Ho Hlophisa IPv6 Anycast Aterese 95 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 95 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IPv6 Anycast Address 96
IPv6 Switching: Cisco Express Forwarding Support 97

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Litaba

KHAOLO EA 9
KHAOLO EA 10 KHAOLO EA 11

Litlhoko tsa ho fetola IPv6: Cisco Express Forwarding 97 Information About IPv6 Switching: Cisco Express Forwarding Support 98
Cisco Express Forwarding for IPv6 98 How to Configuring IPv6 Switching: Cisco Express Forwarding Support 98
Ho Hlophisa Cisco Express Ho Fetisa 98 Configuration Examples bakeng sa IPv6 Switching: Cisco Express Forwarding Support 99
ExampLe: Cisco Express Forwarding Configuration 99 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 100 Tlhahisoleseding ea Sebopeho bakeng sa IPv6 Switching: Cisco Express Forwarding and Distributed Cisco Express
Tšehetso ea ho fetisa 101
Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding for IPv6 103 Prerequisites for Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding for IPv6 103 Information About Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding bakeng sa IPv6 104 Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding 104 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding U6 Configuration IPv104amples bakeng sa Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding bakeng sa IPv6 106 Example: Ho Hlophisa Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding bakeng sa IPv6 106 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 106 Tlhahisoleseding ea Karolo bakeng sa Phatlalatso ea Unicast Reverse bakeng sa IPv6 107
Litšebeletso tsa IPv6: AAAA DNS E Batla Boitsebiso ka IPv4 Transport 109 Mabapi le Litšebeletso tsa IPv6: AAAA DNS E batlana le IPv4 Transport 109 DNS bakeng sa IPv6 109 Litšupiso tse ling bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa IPv6: AAAA DNS Lookups 110 Lintlha tsa Litšebeletso tsa IPv6: AAAA DNS Lookups Lipalangoang 4
IPv6 MTU Path Discovery 113 Information About IPv6 MTU Path Discovery 113 IPv6 MTU Path Discovery 113 ICMP for IPv6 114 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IPv6 MTU Path Discovery 114 E nolofalletsang ho Tšoaea-Label ka Lipakete tse Tsoang ho 114 Sesebediswa.

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KHAOLO 12 KHAOLO 13 KHAOLO 14

Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa IPv6 MTU Path Discovery 115 Example: Hlahisa Lipalopalo tsa Sehokelo sa IPv6 115
Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 116 Litaba tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IPv6 MTU Path Discovery 117
ICMP bakeng sa IPv6 119 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le ICMP bakeng sa IPv6 119 ICMP bakeng sa IPv6 119 IPv6 Molaetsa oa Kopelo ea Baahelani 119 IPv6 Molaetsa oa Papatso oa Router 121 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng tsa IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Multicast Suppress 123 Feature Information bakeng sa IPv6 123 MP bakeng sa ICvXNUMX XNUMX
IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting 125 Information Mabapi le IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting 125 ICMP for IPv6 125 IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting 126 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting 126 Customizing IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting Configuration 126amples bakeng sa IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting 127 Example: IPv6 ICMP Rete Limiting Configuration 127 Example: Ho Hlahisa Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le ICMP Rate-Limited Counters 127 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 128 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IPv6 ICMP Rate Limiting 129
ICMP for IPv6 Redirect 131 Information Mabapi le ICMP for IPv6 Redirect 131 ICMP for IPv6 131 IPv6 Neighbor Redirect 132 Mokhoa oa ho Hlahisa IPv6 Redirect Melaetsa 133 Ho bonts'a IPv6 Redirect Melaetsa 133 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa ICMP bakeng sa IPv6 Tsamaisetsa hape 134 Example: Hlahisa Lipalopalo tsa Sehokelo sa IPv6 134 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 135

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KHAOLO 15 KHAOLO 16 KHAOLO 17

Lintlha tse mabapi le ICMP bakeng sa IPv6 Redirect 136
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Cache 137 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le IPv6 Static Cache Keno bakeng sa Nehelano ea Moahelani 137 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 137 Per-Interface Discovery Cache Limit 137 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Cache 138 Configuing a 138 Neighbour Discovery a 138 Neighbor Libor Ho sibolloa Moedi wa Cache ho Li-interface tsa Lisebelisoa Tsohle XNUMX Configuration Examples bakeng sa IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Cache 139 Example: Ho Hlophisa Moedi oa Cache ea Discovery ea Moahelani 139 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 139 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Cache 140
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Cache 143 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le IPv6 Static Cache Keno bakeng sa Nehelano ea Moahelani 143 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 143 Per-Interface Discovery Cache Limit 143 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Cache 144 Configuing a 144 Neighbour Discovery a 144 Neighbor Libor Ho sibolloa Moedi wa Cache ho Li-interface tsa Lisebelisoa Tsohle XNUMX Configuration Examples bakeng sa IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Cache 145 Example: Ho Hlophisa Moedi wa Cache ya Discovery ya Moahelani 145 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 145 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IPv6 Discovery ea Moahelani 146
IPv6 Default Router Preference 149 Information About IPv6 Default Router Preference 149 Default Router Preferences for Traffic Engineering 149 How to Configuring IPv6 Default Router Preference 150 Configuring the DRP Extension for Traffic Engineering 150 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Khetho ea Router ea IPv6 e Default 151 Example: IPv6 Default Router Preference 151 Litšupiso tse ling 151

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Litaba

KHAOLO EA 18
KHAOLO 19 KAROLO III KHAOLO 20

Tlhahisoleseding ka Sebopeho sa IPv6 Default Router Preference Preference 152
IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration 155 Information About IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration 155 IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration 155 Simplified Network Renumbering for IPv6 Hosts 155 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration 156 E nolofalletsa IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration 156 Configuration XNUMXamples bakeng sa IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration 157 Example: Hlahisa Lipalopalo tsa Sehokelo sa IPv6 157 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 157 Litaba tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration 158
IPv6 RFCs 161
Litšebeletso tsa Kopo ea IP 167
Ho Lokisa Ts'ebetso e Ntlafetseng ea Lintho 169 Lithibelo bakeng sa Ts'ebetso e Ntlafetseng ea 169 Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le Ts'ebetso e Ntlafetseng ea Ntho e Ntlafetseng 169 Moqapi oa Mokhoa o Ntlafetseng oa Ts'ebetso ea 169 Interface State Tracking 170 Scaled Route Metrics 171 IP SLA Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea 172 E Ntlafalitsoeng ea 172 Eventhan ject Tracking 172 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Ts'ebetso e Ntlafetseng ea Ntho 173 Ho Tracking the Line-Protocol State of an Interface 173 Tracking the IP-Routing State of an Interface 174 Tracking IP-Route Reachability 176 Tracking the Threshold of IP-Route Metrics 178 Tracking State of IP SLA Operation 180 Tracking the Reacability of IP SLAs IP Host 181 Configuring a Tracked List and Boolean Expression 182

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KHAOLO EA 21

Ho Hlophisa Lethathamo le Lekoang le Boima ba Boima 184 Ho Hlophisa Lethathamo le Lekoang le Peresentetage 185 Ho Hlophisa Lethathamo la Lipina Tse sa Feleng 187 Ho Hlophisa Tracking bakeng sa Mobile IP ApplicationsampLes bakeng sa Ts'ebetso e Matlafalitsoeng ea Ntho 189 Example: Interface Line Protocol 189 Example: Interface IP Routing 190 Example: IP-Route Reacability 190 Example: IP-Route Threshold Metric 191 Example: IP SLAs IP Host Tracking 191 Example: Polelo ea Boolean bakeng sa Lethathamo le Lahleloang 192 Example: Threshold Weight for a Track Tracking List 193 Example: Threshold Percencetage bakeng sa Lethathamo le Lebeletsoeng 193 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 194 Tlhahisoleseding ea Litšebetso bakeng sa Tracking e ntlafalitsoeng ea Object 195 Glossary 196
Ho lokisa Litšebeletso tsa IP 199 Boitsebiso ka Litšebeletso tsa IP 199 IP Source Routing 199 ICMP Overview 200 ICMP Melaetsa ea Phoso e sa fihlelleheng 200 ICMP Mask Reply Messages 201 ICMP Redirect Messages 201 Denial of Service Attack 201 Path MTU Discovery 202 Show and Hlakile Litaelo tsa IOS Sockets 203 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa DIPTE 203 Configuble IPS 203 Configuble IPOS Configuble 205 IPOS Configuring 206 IPOS Rate Limiting Maikutlo a mosebelisi 207 Ho beha MTU Packet Size XNUMX Ho Hlophisa IP Accounting ka NetFlow XNUMX Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa IP 212 ExampLe: Ho Sireletsa Marang-rang a Hao ho DOS Attacks 212

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KHAOLO EA 22

Example: Ho Hlophisa Li-Counter tsa ICMP tse ke keng tsa Finyelleha 212 Example: Ho beha MTU Packet Size 212 Example: Ho lokisa IP Accounting ka NetFlow 212 Ho netefatsa IP Accounting ka NetFlow 213 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng Bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa IP 214 Boitsebiso ba Litšebeletso tsa IP 215
Ho lokisa IPv4 Phakete ea Phatlalatso ea 217 Tlhahisoleseding ka IPv4 Phakete ea Phakete ea 217 IP Unicast Aterese 217 IP Broadcast Address 217 IP Network Broadcast 218 IP Directed 218 IP Directed Adresses 219 IP Multicast Addresss 219 IPD Multicast 220 CP4 IP220v220 Phatlalatso ea IP221v221 Phatlalatso ea IP222v222 Phakete ea Phatlalatso ea Phakete ea 222 ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea 223 Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea 225 Linomoro tsa Boema-kepe ba UDP 228 Aterese ea Phatlalatso ea IP ea kamehla 228 Thuto ea Phatlalatso ea UDP 228 Phakete ea Phatlalatso ea UDP Ho Fetisa 229 UDP Phakete ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso ea 230 ea Phatlalatso ea IP231 IP Broadcast Packet Handling 233 E nolofalletsa Phatlalatso ea IP Network 0.0.0.0 E nolofalletsa Phatlalatso e Tsamaisitsoeng ea IP Ntle le Lethathamo la phihlello 235 Ho Fetola Aterese ea Phatlalatso ea IP e sa Feleng bakeng sa Li-interfaces Tsohle ho XNUMX ho Routers Ntle le Memory Nonvolatile XNUMX

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KHAOLO EA 23 KHAOLO EA 24

Ho fetola Aterese ea Phatlalatso ea IP bakeng sa Li-interfaces Tsohle ho ea ho 0.0.0.0 ho li-Router tse nang le Nonvolatile Memory 235
Ho Fetola Aterese ea Phatlalatso ea IP ho Aterese efe kapa efe ea IP ho Li-interfaces tse le 'ngoe kapa tse ngata ho Router 236 e Lokisang Phakete ea Phatlalatso ea UDP Moroallo 237 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa IP Broadcast Packet Handling 239 Example: Ho nolofalletsa Phatlalatso e Tsamaisitsoeng ea IP ka Lethathamo la Phihlello 239 Example: Ho Lokisa Phakete ea Phatlalatso ea Phakete ea UDP ea Moroallo 240 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa WCCP-Configurable Router ID 240
Object Tracking: IPv6 Route Tracking 243 Restriction for Object Tracking: IPv6 Route Tracking 243 Information About Object Tracking: IPv6 Route Tracking 243 Object Tracking e Ntlafetseng le IPv6 Route Track 243 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Object Tracking: IPv6 Route Tracking the IPv244 an Interface 6 Tracking the Threshold of IPv244-Route Metrics 6 Tracking IPv245-Route Reachability 6 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Track Tracking: IPv6 Route Tracking 248 Example: Ho sala morao IPv6-Routing State of Interface 248 Example: Ho sala morao Moemo oa IPv6-Route Metrics 248 Example: Ho Track IPv6-Route Reacability 248 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng tsa Track Track ea Ntho: IPv6 Track Track 249 Lintlha mabapi le ho Latela Ntho: IPv6 Route Tracking 249
IPv6 Static Route Support for Object Tracking 251 Information About IPv6 Static Route Support for Object Tracking 251 IPv6 Static Route Support for Object Tracking Over.view 251 Kenyeletso ea Tafole ea Tsela ea 251 Mekhoa ea ho Kena ea Tafole ea 252 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Tšehetso ea Tsela e tsitsitseng ea IPv6 bakeng sa Track Track 252 Ho lokisa IPv6 Static Routing Support bakeng sa Tracking ea Ntho 252 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Tšehetso ea Tsela e tsitsitseng ea IPv6 bakeng sa Tracking ea Ntho 254 Example: IPv6 Static Route Object Tracking 254 Litšupiso tse ling tsa IPv6 Static Route Support bakeng sa Track Track 254

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Litaba

KHAOLO EA 25 KHAOLO EA 26

Lintlha tse mabapi le Tšehetso ea Tsela e tsitsitseng ea IPv6 bakeng sa Tracking ea Ntho 255
Ho lokisa Litlhoko tsa TCP 257 tsa TCP 257 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le Litšebeletso tsa TCP 257 TCP 257 Ho Thehoa ha Khokahano ea TCP 258 Nako ea Boiteko ba TCP 258 Kamohelo e Khethehileng ea TCP 259 TCP Nako St.amp 259 TCP Maximum Bala Size 259 TCP Path MTU Discovery 259 TCP Window Scaling 260 TCP Sliding Window 260 TCP Outgoing Queue Size 261 TCP MSS Adjustment 261 TCP Applications Enhancement 261 TCP Show Extension TCP262 MFC4022 Support TCP262 MFC262 IB262 IB262 Liphutheloana tsa 264 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa TCP 6 Ho Hlophisa Mekhahlelo ea Ts'ebetso ea TCP 265 Ho Hlophisa Boleng ba MSS le MTU bakeng sa Lipakete tsa Transient TCP SYN 266 Ho Hlophisa Boleng ba MSS bakeng sa IPvXNUMX Traffic XNUMX Netefatsa Mekhatlo ea Ts'ebetso ea TCP XNUMX Tlhophisoamples bakeng sa TCP 270 Example: Ho netefatsa Tlhophiso ea TCP ECN 270 Example: Ho lokisa TCP MSS Adjustment 272 Example: Ho lokisa TCP Kopo ea Ntlafatso ea Lifolakha 273 Example: Ho hlahisa liaterese ka Sebopeho sa IP 273 Litšupiso tse eketsehileng tsa 274 Boitsebiso ba TCP 275
Ho lokisa WCCP 279

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xiv

Litlhoko tsa WCCP 279 Lithibelo tsa WCCP 279 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le WCCP 281
WCCP Overview 281 Layer 2 Forwarding Redirection and Return 281 WCCP Mask Assignment 282 Hardware Acceleration 282 WCCPv1 Configuration 283 WCCPv2 Configuration 284 WCCPv2 Tšehetso ea Litšebeletso tse Ntle ho HTTP 285 WCCPv2 Tšehetso bakeng sa Multiple 285 WC2 WC5 Routers 285MD WC. Web Cache Packet Return 286 WCCPv2 Phatlalatso ea Moroalo 286 WCCP VRF Tšehetso 286 WCCP VRF Tunnel Interfaces 287 WCCP Bypass Packets 289 WCCP Litšebeletso tse Koetsoeng le Litšebeletso tse Bulehileng 289 WCCP Outbound ACL Hlahloba 290 WCCP Tropes Groups WCCP-290 All WCTWC Tropes 291 WC Internction WC 292 All Internction WCCP292 WC ubleshooting Malebela 292 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa WCCP 292 Ho Hlophisa WCCP 294 Ho Hlophisa Litšebeletso Tse Koetsoeng 296 Ho Ngolisa Router ho Aterese ea Multicast 297 Ho Sebelisa Manane a Phihlello bakeng sa Sehlopha sa Tšebeletso sa WCCP 299 Ho nolofalletsa WCCP Outbound ACL Check 300 Enabling WCCP Interoperability and WCCP Interoperability with Vering WC Interoperability with Vering WCM. 302 Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa WCCP 303 Example: Ho Fetola Phetolelo ea WCCP ho Router 303 Example: Ho Hlophisa Session 2 Kakaretso ea WCCPv304

Litaba

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xv

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 27 KHAOLO EA 28

Example: Ho Bea Lekunutu bakeng sa Router le Lienjine tsa Content 304 Example: Ho lokisa a Web Tšebeletso ea Cache 304 Example: Ho matha Tšebeletso ea Proxy e Reverse 304 Example: Ho Ngolisa Router ho Aterese ea Multicast 305 Example: Ho Sebelisa Manane a Phihlello 305 Example: WCCP Outbound ACL Check Configuration 305 Example: Netefatsa Litlhophiso tsa WCCP 306 Example: Ho nolofaletsa WCCP Tšebelisano le NAT 308 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 308 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa WCCP 309
WCCP-Configurable Router ID 315 Restrictions for WCCP–Configurable Router ID 315 Information Mabapi le WCCP–Configurable Router ID 315 WCCP–Configurable Router ID Overview 315 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa WCCP-Configurable Router ID 316 Ho Hlophisa ID e Ratoang ea WCCP Router ID 316 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa WCCP-Configurable Router ID 317 Example: Ho Hlophisa WCCP Router ID 317 E References e Eketsehileng bakeng sa WCCP–Configurable Router ID 317 Feature Information for WCCP–Configurable Router ID 318
WCCPv2–IPv6 Tšehetso Litlhoko tsa 319 Bakeng sa WCCPv2–IPv6 Tšehetso Lithibelo 319 bakeng sa WCCPv2–IPv6 Tšehetso 319 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le WCCPv2–IPv6 Tšehetso 320 WCCP Overview 320 Layer 2 Forwarding Redirection and Return 320 WCCP Mask Assignment 321 WCCP Hash Assignment 321 WCCPv2 Configuration 322 WCCPv2 Tšehetso ea Litšebeletso Tse Ling Ntle le HTTP 323 WCCPv2 Tšehetso bakeng sa Multiple Routers MD 323 WCCPv2 5 Security.

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xvi

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 29

WCCPv2 Web Cache Packet Return 323 WCCPv2 Phatlalatso ea Moroalo 324 WCCP VRF Support 324 IPv6 WCCP Tunnel Interface 324 WCCP Bypass Packets 327 WCCP Koetsoe Litšebeletso le Litšebeletso Tse Bulehileng 327 WCCP Outbound ACL Hlahloba 327 WCCP Lihlopheng Tsa Tšebeletso tsa WCCP–Chelete ea IDConguuter WCCP-328 Allview 329 WCCP Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 329 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Tšehetso ea WCCPv2–IPv6 330 Ho Hlophisa WCCPv2–IPv6 Session 330 ea Kakaretso ea Litšebeletso tsa WCCPv2–IPv6 332 Ho Ngolisa Routa ho Aterese ea Multicast bakeng sa WCCPv2 Access Lists–IP6 IPv333 Litšebeletso tsa IPv2 IPv6-IP335 IPv6 337 Ho nolofaletsa WCCP–IPv2 Outflow ACL Check 6 Verifying and monitoring WCCPv338–IPvXNUMX Configuration Settings XNUMX Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa WCCPv2–IPv6 Tšehetso 339 Example: Ho Hlophisa Seboka sa Kakaretso sa WCCPv2–IPv6 339 Example: WCCPv2–IPv6–Ho Beha Lekunutu bakeng sa Router le Lienjine tsa Content 339 Example: WCCPv2–IPv6–Ho lokisa a Web Tšebeletso ea Cache 339 Example: WCCPv2–IPv6–Ho Tlisa Tshebeletso ya Reverse Proxy 340 Example: WCCPv2–IPv6-Ho Ngolisa Router ho Aterese ea Multicast 340 Example: WCCPv2–IPv6–Ho Sebelisa Manane a Phihlello bakeng sa Sehlopha sa Tšebeletso sa WCCPv2 IPv6 340 Example: WCCPv2–IPv6–Ho Hlophisa ACL Check 341 Example: WCCPv2–IPv6–Ho netefatsa Litlhophiso tsa WCCP 341 Example: WCCPv2–IPv6–Cisco ASR 1000 Platform Specific Configuration 343 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 344 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa WCCPv2–IPv6 Support 344
WCCP with Generic GRE Support 347 Restrictions for WCCP with Generic GRE Support 347 Information About WCCP with Generic GRE Support 347

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xvii

Litaba

KAROLO EA IV KHAOLO EA 30
KHAOLO EA 31

WCCP e nang le Generic GRE Support 347 Cisco WAAS AppNav Tharollo 348 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa WCCP ka Generic GRE Support 348 Lokisa WCCP Redirection ka Generic GRE e Hlophisitsoeng ho Sesebediswa U Sebelisa Loopback
Interface 348 Lokisa WCCP Redirection ka Generic GRE e Hlophisitsoe ho Sesebediswa U Sebelisa 'Mele.
Sebopeho sa 351 Sebopeho Examples bakeng sa WCCP le Generic GRE Support 353
ExampLe: Lokisa WCCP Redirection ka Generic GRE e Hlophisitsoeng ho Sesebelisoa U sebelisa Sehokelo sa Loopback 353
ExampLe: Lokisa WCCP Redirection ka Generic GRE e Hlophisitsoeng ho Sesebelisoa U Sebelisa Sebopeho sa 'mele 354
Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa WCCP e nang le Generic GRE Support 355 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa WCCP ka Generic GRE Support 355
IP SLAs 357
IP SLAs Fetileview 359 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le IP SLAs 359 IP SLAs Technology Overview 359 Litumellano tsa Boemo ba Tšebeletso 360 Melemo ea IP SLAs Thibelo ea 361 bakeng sa IP SLAs 362 Tekanyo ea Ts'ebetso ea Marang-rang a Sebelisa IP SLAs 362 IP SLAs Responder le IP SLAs Control Protocol 363 Response Time Computation for IP SLAs 364 IP SLAs 364 IP SLAs SLAs 365 IP SLAs SLAs 365 MPLS VPN Awareness 365 History Statistics 366 Tlatsetso References XNUMX
Ho lokisa IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations 369 Prerequisites for IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations 369 Restrictions for IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations 369

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xviii

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 32 KHAOLO EA 33

Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations 370 IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operation 370
Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations 371 Configuring the IP SLAs Responder on the Destination Device 371 Configuring and schedule UDP Jitter Operation on the Source Device 372 Configuring a Basic UDP Jitter Operation on a Source Device 372 Jittering Operations UDP 374 Ho Rala Lits'ebetso tsa IP SLAs 377 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 379 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa Haufinyane 379
Ho netefatsa IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations 379 Configuration Examples bakeng sa IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations 382
Example: Ho Hlophisa UDP Jitter Operation 382 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations 383 Feature Information for IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations 383
IP SLAs Multicast Support 385 Prerequisites for IP SLAs Multicast Support 385 Restrictions for IP SLAs Multicast Support 385 Information About IP SLAs Multicast Support 386 Multicast UDP Jitter Operations 386 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IP SLAs Multicast Support 386 Configuring the IP SLAs Destination a Destination 386 Lethathamo la Likarabo tsa Multicast ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 387 Ho Hlophisa Multicast UDP Jitter Operations 389 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 393 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 394 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang 394 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa IP SLAs Multicast Support 395 Example: Multicast UDP Jitter Operation 395 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa IP SLAs Multicast Support 396 Tlhahisoleseding ea Boitsebiso bakeng sa Tšehetso ea Multicast IPSLA 396
Ho lokisa IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations for VoIP 399

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xix

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 34

Lithibelo tsa IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations for VoIP 399 Information About IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations for VoIP 400
The Calculated Planning Impairment Factor (ICPIF) 400 Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) 401 Voice Performance Monitoring Ho Sebelisa IP SLAs 401 Codec Simulation Ka har'a IP SLAs 402 The IP SLAs ICPIF Value 403 The IP SLAs MOS Value MOS bakeng sa IP SLAs DPLA Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IP SLAs VoIP 404 Ho Hlophisa Sekarabelo sa IP SLAs ho Sesebelisoa sa Sebaka sa 405 Ho Hlophisa le ho Hlophisa IP SLAs VoIP UDP Jitter Operation 405 Ho Rata IP SLAs Operations 406
Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 411 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang 411 Configuration Examples bakeng sa IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operations for VoIP 411 Example IP SLAs VoIP UDP Operation Configuration 411 Example IP SLAs VoIP UDP Operation Statistics Output 413 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 413 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs VoIP UDP Jitter Operations 415 Glossary 415
IP SLAs QFP Nako Stamping 417 Prerequisites for IP SLAs QFP Time Stamping 417 Lithibelo bakeng sa IP SLA QFP Nako Stamping 417 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le IP SLAs QFP Nako Stamping 418 IP SLAs UDP Jitter Operation 418 QFP Time Stamping 419 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IP SLAs QFP Nako Stamping 420 Ho Lokisa Sekarabelo sa IP SLAs ho Sesebelisoa sa Sebaka sa 420 Ho Lokisa le ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea UDP Jitter ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 421 Ho Lokisa Ts'ebetso ea Motheo ea UDP Jitter ka QFP Time St.amping 421 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea UPD Jitter ka QFP Time Stamping le Litšobotsi tse Eketsehileng 423 Ho Rala Litšebetso tsa IP SLAs 426 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 428

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xx

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 35

Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang 428 Configuration Examples bakeng sa IP SLAs QFP Nako Stamptse 429
ExampLe: Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea UDP ka QFP Time Stamping 429 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 429 Tlhahisoleseding ea Litšebetso bakeng sa IP SLAs QFP Nako Stamptse 430
Ho Hlophisa IP SLAs LSP Health Monitor Operations 431 Prerequisites for LSP Health Monitor Operations 431 Restrictions for LSP Health Monitor Operations 432 Information About LSP Health Monitor Operations 432 Melemo ea LSP Health Monitor 432 Kamoo LSP Health Monitor 432 Discover LSP Health434 Neiscover Device435SP436 Sebetsa Kateng Discovery 438 LSP Discovery Groups 438 IP SLAs LSP Ping le LSP Traceroute 439 Proactive Threshold Monitoring for LSP Health Monitor 440 Multioperation Schedules for LSP Health Monitor 440 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa LSP Health Monitor Operations LSP Health Monitor Operations LSP Health Monitor 440 Health Configuan LSP Configuan Lekola Ts'ebetso ntle le ho Fumana LSP ho Sesebelisoa sa PE 444 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea LSP Health Monitor ka LSP Discovery ho PE Device 448 Ho Rulahanya LSP Health Monitor Operations 449 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 449 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang 449 Ho Lokisa ka Matsoho ea PSP kapa ho Itlhophisa LSP. Operation 452 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 452 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa Haufinyane 453 Netefatso le Tharollo ea Lits'ebetso tsa LSP Health Monitor XNUMX Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa LSP Health Monitors 455 Example Ho Hlophisa le ho Netefatsa Molai wa Bophelo bo Botle wa LSP Ntle le Ho Fumana LSP 455 Example Ho Hlophisa le ho netefatsa LSP Health Monitor ka LSP Discovery 458 Example Ka bowena ho Lokisa IP SLAs LSP Ping Operation 461 Litšupiso tse ling 461

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xxi

Litaba

KHAOLO 36 KHAOLO 37 KHAOLO 38

Lintlha mabapi le Ts'ebetso ea LSP Health Monitor 463
IP SLAs bakeng sa MPLS Psuedo Wire ka VCCV 465 Lithibelo bakeng sa IP SLAs bakeng sa MPLS Pseudo Wire ka VCCV 465 Information Mabapi le IP SLAs bakeng sa MPLS Pseudo Wire ka VCCV 465 IP SLAs VCCV Operation 465 Proactive Threshold Monitoring for the LSP466 Health SLA How to the LSP467 Health bakeng sa MPLS Pseudo Wire ka VCCM 467 Ho Hlophisa le ho Hlophisa IP SLAs VCCV Ts'ebetso ea 470 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 470 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang XNUMX Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa IP SLAs bakeng sa MPLS Pseudo Wire ka VCCM 470 Example Ka letsoho Ho Hlophisa IP SLAs VCCV Ts'ebetso ea 470 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 471 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs bakeng sa MPLS PWE3 ka VCCM 472
Ho lokisa IP SLAs bakeng sa Metro-Ethernet 475 Prerequisites for IP SLAs for Metro-Ethernet 475 Restrictions for IP SLAs for Metro-Ethernet 475 Information About IP SLAs for Metro-Ethernet 476 IP SLAs Ethernet Operation Basics 476 How to Configure IP SLAs for Metro-Ethernet 477 Ho lokisa IP SLAs Auto Ethernet Ts'ebetso e nang le Endpoint Discovery ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 477 Ka letsoho Ho Lokisa IP SLAs Ethernet Ping kapa Ts'ebetso ea Jitter ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 479 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 482 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 483 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang Exfiguration 483amples bakeng sa IP SLAs bakeng sa Metro-Ethernet 484 Example IP SLAs Auto Ethernet Operation with Endpoint Discovery 484 Example Motho ka mong IP SLAs Ethernet Ping Operation 484 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng 485 Tlhahisoleseding ea Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs bakeng sa Metro-Ethernet 486
Ho lokisa IP SLAs Metro-Ethernet 3.0 (ITU-T Y.1731) Operations 487

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xxii

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 39 KHAOLO EA 40

Litlhoko tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ITU-T Y.1731 Ts'ebetso 487 Lithibelo bakeng sa IP SLAs Metro-Ethernet 3.0 (ITU-T Y.1731) 487 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IP SLAs Metro-Ethernet 3.0 (ITU-T Y.1731) Ts'ebetso 488
Ho Lokisa Ho lieha ha Dual-Ended Ethernet Delay kapa Delay Variation Operation 488 Ho Lokisa MEP ea Receiver ho The Destination Device 488 Configuring the Sender MEP on Source Router 491.
Ho Hlophisa Sender MEP bakeng sa Ho lieha ha Ethernet e le 'Ngoe kapa Ts'ebetso ea ho lieha ha Phapang 493 Ho Hlophisa Sender MEP bakeng sa E Leng-Ended Ethernet Frame Loss Ratio Operation 496 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 498 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa IP SLAs Metro-Ethernet 3.0 (ITU-T Y.1731) Operations 500 Example: Dual-Ended Ethernet Delay Operation 500 Example: Teeho ea Frame le Frame Delay Ditement Measurement Configuration 501 Example: Sender MEP for a Sing-Ended Ethernet Delay Operation 502 Example: Sender MEP for a Sing- Ended Ethernet Frame Loss Operation 503 Litšupiso tse eketsehileng bakeng sa IP SLAs Metro-Ethernet 3.0 (ITU-T Y.1731) Operations 504 Feature Information for IP SLAs Metro-Ethernet 3.0 (ITU-T Y.1731) Ts'ebetso ea 505
IPSLA Y1731 On-Demand and Concurrent Operations 507 Prerequisites for ITU-T Y.1731 Operations 507 Restrictions for IP SLAs Y.1731 On-Demand Operations 507 Information About IP SLAs Y.1731 On-Demand and Concurrent Operations508 Featured Operations Y1731 Featured Operations Y508 IP SLAs Y.1731 On-Demand Operations 509 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IP SLAs Y.509 Ts'ebetso e Batlang le e Tsoelang Pele 510 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso e Otlolohileng e Batlang ho Sender MEP 1731 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso e Referenced On-Demand Operation ho Sender MEP 510 Configuring IPXNUMX Operations Concurrent Y.XNUMX. a Sender MEP XNUMX Configuration Examples bakeng sa IP SLAs Y.1731 On-Demand and Concurrent Operations 511 Example: Ts'ebetso e batloang ka ho toba Mode 511 Example: Ts'ebetso e Batlang ka Mokhoa o Referenced 512 IP SLA Reconfiguration Scenarios 513 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa IP SLAs Y.1731 On-Demand and Concurrent Operations 514 Tlhahisoleseding ea Lintlha tsa IP SLAs Y.1731 On-Demand and Concurrent Operations 515
Ho lokisa IP SLAs UDP Echo Operations 517

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xxiii

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 41

Lithibelo bakeng sa IP SLAs UDP Echo Operations 517 Information About IP SLAs UDP Echo Operations 517
UDP Echo Operation 517 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IP SLAs UDP Echo Operations 518
Ho lokisa Sekarabelo sa IP SLAs ho Sesebelisoa sa Sebaka sa 518 Ho Lokisa Ts'ebetso ea UDP Echo ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 519.
Ho Lokisa Ts'ebetso ea Motheo ea UDP Echo ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 519 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea UDP Echo e nang le Litlhophiso tsa Boikhethelo ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 521 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 524 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 526 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang 526 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa IP SLAs UDP Echo Operations 526 Example Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea UDP Echo 526 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 527 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs UDP Echo Operation 527
Lokisa IP SLAs HTTPS Operations 529 Restrictions for IP SLAs HTTP Operations 529 Information About IP SLAs HTTPS Operations 529 HTTPS Operation 529 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IP SLAs HTTP Operations 530 Configure an HTTPS HTTP Operations HTTPS GET Operation on the Source HTTPS Operations on the Source GET Operation Sesebelisoa sa 530 Lokisa Ts'ebetso ea HTTPS GET ka Li-Parameters tsa Boikhethelo ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 530 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea HTTP RAW ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 531 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 532 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 533 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa Next 535 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa IP SLAs HTTPS Operations 535 Example ho Hlophisa HTTPS GET Operation 535 Example Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea HTTPS HEAD 536 Example Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea HTTP RAW Ka Seva ea Proxy 536 Example Configuring a HTTP RAW Operation with Authentication 536 Additional References 536

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xxiv

Litaba

KHAOLO 42 KHAOLO 43 KHAOLO 44

Lintlha tse mabapi le IP SLAs HTTP Operations 537
Ho lokisa IP SLAs TCP Connect Operations 539 Information Mabapi le IP SLAs TCP Connect Operation 539 TCP Connect Operation 539 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IP SLAs TCP Connect Operation 540 Ho lokisa IP SLAs Responder ho Destination Device 540 Configuring a TCP Connected a TCP Sesebelisoa sa 541 Lintho Tse Hlokahalang 541 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea Motheo ea TCP Connect ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 541 Ho Lokisa Ts'ebetso ea TCP Connect ka Litlhophiso tsa Boikhethelo ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 542 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 545 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 547 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang 547amples bakeng sa IP SLAs TCP Connect Operations 547 Example Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea TCP Connect 547 Litšupiso tse ling tsa 548 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs TCP Connect Operation 548
Ho Hlophisa Cisco IP SLAs ICMP Jitter Operations 551 Restrictions for IP SLAs ICMP Jitter Operations 551 Information About IP SLAs ICMP Jitter Operations 551 Melemo ea IP SLAs ICMP Jitter Operation 551 Statistics Mekan by IP Jitter SLAs IPSLAS Jitter Operations Ts'ebetso 552 Ho Rala Lits'ebetso tsa IP SLAs Malebela a 553 a Tharollo ea Mathata 553 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa Haufinyane 554 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 555 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs – ICMP Jitter Operation 555
Ho lokisa IP SLAs ICMP Echo Operations 557 Thibelo bakeng sa IP SLAs ICMP Echo Operations 557 Information About IP SLAs ICMP Echo Operations 557

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xxv

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 45 KHAOLO EA 46

ICMP Echo Operation 557 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IP SLAs ICMP Echo Operations 558
Ho Lokisa Ts'ebetso ea ICMP Echo 558 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea Motheo ea ICMP Echo ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 558 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea ICMP Echo ka Liparamente tsa Boikhethelo 559.
Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 563 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 565 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa Haufinyane 565
Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa IP SLAs ICMP Echo Operations 565 Example Ho lokisa ICMP Echo Operation 565
Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa IP SLAs ICMP Echo Operations 565 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs ICMP Echo Operations 566
Ho lokisa IP SLAs ICMP Path Echo Operations Lithibelo tsa 567 bakeng sa IP SLAs ICMP Path Echo Operations 567 Information About IP SLAs ICMP Path Echo Operations 567 ICMP Path Echo Operation 567 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IP SLAs ICMP Path Echo Operations ICMP Path Echo568 Operations ICMP Operations Sesebelisoa sa 568 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea Motheo ea ICMP Path Echo ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 568 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea ICMP Path Echo ka Litlhophiso tsa Boikhethelo ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 569 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 573 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 574 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang 575 Configurationamples bakeng sa IP SLAs ICMP Path Echo Operations 575 Example Ho Hlophisa ICMP Path Echo Operation 575 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa IP SLAs ICMP Echo Operations 576 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs ICMP Path Echo Operations 576
Ho lokisa IP SLAs ICMP Path Jitter Operations 579 Prerequisites for ICMP Path Jitter Operations 579 Restrictions for ICMP Path Jitter Operations 579 Information About IP SLAs ICMP Path Jitter Operations 580 ICMP Path Jitter Operation 580

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xxvi

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 47 KHAOLO EA 48

Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IP SLAs ICMP Path Jitter Operation 581 Ho Hlophisa Sekarabelo sa IP SLAs Sebakeng sa Sebaka sa 581 Ho Hlophisa ICMP Path Jitter Operation ho Mohloli oa Sesebelisoa 582 Ho Hlophisa Motheo oa ICMP Path Jitter Operation 582 MP583 Configuring an IC Parameter. Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 585 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 587 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa Haufinyane 587
Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa IP SLAs ICMP Path Jitter Operations 587 Example Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea Path Jitter 587
Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng 588 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs ICMP Path Jitter Operations 588
Ho lokisa IP SLAs FTP Operations 591 Restrictions for IP SLAs FTP Operations 591 Information About IP SLAs FTP Operations 591 FTP Operation 591 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IP SLAs FTP Operations 592 Confiring a FTP Operation on a Basic Source 592 Devicering 593 Device 594 Ho Lokisa Ts'ebetso ea FTP e nang le Litlhophiso tsa Boikhethelo ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 596 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 598 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 598 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang XNUMX Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa IP SLAs FTP Operations 598 ExampLe: Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea FTP 598 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 599 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa ho Hlophisa IP SLAs FTP Operations 600
Ho lokisa IP SLAs DNS Operations 601 Information About IP SLAs DNS Operations 601 DNS Operation 601 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IP SLAs DNS Operations 602 Ho lokisa IP SLAs DNS Ts'ebetso ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 602

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

xxvie

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 49 KHAOLO EA 50

Ho Lokisa Ts'ebetso ea Motheo ea DNS ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 602 Ho Hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea DNS e nang le Li-Parameters tsa Boikhethelo ho Sesebelisoa sa Mohloli 603 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 606 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 608 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang 608 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa IP SLAs DNS Operations 608 Example Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea DNS 608 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng tsa 608 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa ho Lokisa IP SLAs DNS Operation 609
Ts'ebetso ea IP ea DHCP e sebetsang 611 ea ts'ebetso ea IP ea DHCP ea RALS DHCP ka Litlhophiso tsa Boikhethelo 611 Ho hlophisa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 611 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathataamples bakeng sa IP SLAs DHCP Operations 617 Example Tlhophiso bakeng sa IP SLAs Ts'ebetso ea DHCP 617 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 618 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs Ts'ebetso ea DHCP 618
Ho lokisa IP SLAs Multioperation Scheduler 621 Restrictions for IP SLAs Multioperation Scheduler 621 Prerequisites for IP SLAs Multioperation Scheduler 621 Information Mabapi le IP SLAs Multioperation Scheduler 622 IP SLAs Multioperations Scheduler Multioperation Scheduler IPSLAS 622 s Kemiso ea Lits'ebetso tse ngata ka Ho Beakanya Nako e Tlase ho Feta Hangata 623

xxviii

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 51 KHAOLO EA 52

Kemiso ea Ts'ebetso e Mengata Ha Palo ea Ts'ebetso ea IP SLA e Kholo ho Feta Nako ea Kemiso ea 625.
IP SLAs Multiple Operations Scheduler le Nako ea Kemiso e Kholo ho Feta Hangata 626 IP SLAs Random Scheduler 628 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa IP SLAs Multioperation Scheduler 629 Ho hlophisa Multiple IP SLAs Operations 629 Ho nolofalletsa IP SLAs Operations SLAS 630 Multiple Operations SLAs IPS SLAS SLAS SLAS 631 Multiple Operations Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa IP SLAs Multioperation Scheduler 633 Example Ho Hlophisa Litšebetso tse ngata tsa IP SLAs 633 Example Ho nolofalletsa IP SLAs Random Scheduler 633 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng 634 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs Multioperation Scheduler 634
Ho lokisa Proactive Threshold Monitoring bakeng sa Ts'ebetso ea IP SLAs 637 Tlhahisoleseding mabapi le Proactive Threshold Monitoring 637 IP SLAs Reaction Configuration 637 Tšehetsoeng Liketso Tsa IP SLAs Ts'ebetso ea 637 IP SLAs Threshold Monitoring le Litsebiso 640 RTT Reactions Configuard 641 ho nahana ka Proactive Threshold Tlhokomelo ea 642 Configuration Examples bakeng sa Proactive Threshold Monitoring 644 Example Ho lokisa IP SLAs Rection Configuration 644 Example Ho netefatsa IP SLAs Reaction Configuration 645 Example Triggering SNMP Notifications 645 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 646 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs Proactive Threshold Monitoring 647
IP SLAs TWAMP Responder 649 Prerequisites for IP SLAs TWAMP Responder 649 lithibelo bakeng sa IP SLAs TWAMP Arabang 649 IP SLAs TWAMP Meaho ea 650 Protocol ea Tekanyo e sebetsang ea Mekhoa e Mebeli (TWAMP) 650

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xxix

Litaba

KAROLO YA V KHAOLO 53

IP SLAs TWAMP Responder 651 Lokisa IP SLAs TWAMP Mofani oa 651
Ho lokisa TWAMP Seva 651 Ho Hlophisa Sebonela-thuto sa Thuto 653 Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa IP SLAs TWAMP Arabang 654 IP SLAs TWAMP Araba v1.0 Example 654 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 654 Litaba tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP SLAs TWAMP Mofani oa 655
ARP 657
Aterese Resolution Protocol 659 Information Mabapi le Aterese Resolution Protocol 659 Layer 2 le Layer 3 addressing 659 Over.view ea Address Resolution Protocol 660 ARP Caching 661 Static and Dynamic Entries in the ARP Cache 662 Devices That Don't Use ARP 662 Inverse ARP 662 Reverse ARP 663 Proxy ARP 663 Serial Line Address Resolution Protocol 664 RP664NDP Security 664 Authorized RP665NDP Security ) Lintlafatso 665 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Aterese Resolution Protocol 666 E nolofalletsa Interface Encapsulation 667 Defining Static ARP Entries 668 Ho Beha Nako ea ho Felloa ke Nako bakeng sa Kenyelletso e Matla ho ARP Cache 670 Globally Disabling Proxy ARP 671RP on Clearing the Interface ARP 671 Configuring Security (ARP/NDP cache entries) Lintlafatso 672 Netefatsa ARP Configuration XNUMX Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Phatlalatso ea Resolution Protocol 674

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xxx

KAROLO YA VI KHAOLO 54

Example: Tlhophiso e tsitsitseng ea ho Kena ea ARP 674 Example: Tlhophiso ea Mofuta oa Encapsulation 674 ExampLe: Moemeli oa ARP Configuration 674 ExampLes: Ho hlakola Cache ea ARP 674 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 674 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa Protocol ea Resolution ea Aterese 675
DHCP 677
Ho lokisa Cisco IOS XE DHCP Server 679 Prerequisites for Configuring DHCP Server 679 Information About the Cisco IOS XE DHCP Server 680 Overview ea DHCP Server 680 Database Agents 680 Address Conflicts 680 DHCP Address Pool Conventions 680 DHCP Aterese Pool Selection 680 Address Bindings 681 Ping Packet Settings 681 DHCP Attribute Heritance 681 DHCP Aterese Aterese 82 Option DHCP 682 Option 82 Op683 Option 82 Option ACP 683 Tšebeliso Boemo ba Kabo ea Aterese ea DHCP U Sebelisa Khetho ea 684 685 DHCP Sehlopha sa Bokhoni 685 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Seva ea Cisco IOS XE DHCP 686 Ho Hlophisa Moemeli oa Boitsebiso ba DHCP Kapa Ho Thibela ho Lokoa ha Likhohlano 687 Ntle le Liaterese tsa IP tsa DHCP 687 DHCP Configuring 691 DHCP Configuring 696 Aterese ea DHCP696 ho nahana a Letamo la Aterese ea DHCP le Li-Subnets tsa Bobeli 698 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 700 Ho netefatsa DHCP Aterese Tokiso ea Letamo XNUMX Ho Hlophisa Litlamo tsa Manual XNUMX Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata XNUMX

Litaba

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xxxi

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 55

Ho Hlophisa DHCP Static Mapping 700 Ho Hlophisa Seva ea DHCP ho Bala Mongolo o tsitsitseng oa 'Mapa. File 702
Ho Itokisa Ts'ebetso ea Seva ea DHCP 704 Ho Hlophisa Sesebelisoa se Hole ho Lata Likhetho tsa Seva ea DHCP ho tsoa ho Seva e Bohareng ea DHCP 706.
Ho Hlophisa Seva e Bohareng ea DHCP ho Nchafatsa Likhetho tsa DHCP 706 Ho Hlophisa Sesebelisoa se Hole ho Lata Likhetho tsa DHCP 707 Ho Lokisa Kabo ea Aterese ea DHCP U Sebelisa Khetho ea 82 709 Lithibelo bakeng sa Kabo ea Aterese ea DHCP U Sebelisa Option 82 709 DHCP Enabling Option 82 Enabling Option 709 Alloung the DHCP 710 DHCP Litlhahiso tsa 710 tsa 711 tsa ho rarolla mathataamples bakeng sa Cisco IOS XE DHCP Server 715 Example: Ho lokisa DHCP Database Agent 715 Example: Ho sa kenyeletsoe liaterese tsa IP 715 Example: Ho lokisa Matamo a Aterese ea DHCP 715 Example: Ho hlophisa Letamo la Aterese la DHCP le Multiple Disjoint Subnets 717 Configuring Manual Bindings Ex.ample 719 Example: Ho Hlophisa Static Mapping 719 Ho tlisa Likhetho tsa DHCP Example 719 Ho Hlophisa Kabo ea Aterese ea DHCP U Sebelisa Khetho ea 82 Example 720 Ho Hlophisa Tsela e tsitsitseng ka Next-Hop e Fumanetsoeng ka Matla ka DHCP Example 721 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng 722 Tlhahisoleseding ea Tšobotsi ea Cisco IOS XE DHCP Server 723
Ho Hlophisa Motsamaisi oa Letamo la DHCP O Batlang 725 Litlhoko tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho Hlophisa Motsamaisi oa Letamo la Seva ea DHCP e U Batloang 725 Lithibelo Bakeng sa ho Hlophisa Motsamaisi oa Letamo la DHCP O Batlang 726 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le DHCP Server On-Demand726 Adress APOD Manager APOD Tsamaiso ea Ts'ebetso ea 726 Subnet Allocation Server Operation 728

xxxii

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

Litaba
Melemo ea ho Sebelisa ODAPs 728 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa DHCP Server On-Demature Pool Manager 729
Ho hlalosa DHCP ODAPs e le Global Default Mechanism 729 Defining DHCP ODAPs on Interface 729 Configuring the DHCP Pool as ODAP 730 Confiring ODAPs to Fumana Subnets Ka IPCP Negotiation 732 Configuring Configuring AAA 733 Configuring AAA 735 RAA XNUMX
ODAP AAA Profile 735 Ho Koala li-ODAPs 737 Ho netefatsa Ts'ebetso ea ODAP 737
Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 740 Tlhokomelo le ho Boloka ODAP 740 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Tšehetso ea Seva ea Kabelo ea DHCP ODAP 742 Ho Hlophisa Letamo la Lefatše ka Seva ea Kabo ea Subnet 742
Global Subnet Pools 742 Configuring a VRF Subnet Pool ka Subnet Allocation Server 743
VRF Subnet Pools 743 Ho Sebelisa ID ea VPN ho Lokisa Letamo la VRF Subnet ho Seva ea Kabo ea Subnet 744
VRF Pools and VPN IDs 744 Netefatsa Kabo ea Subnet le DHCP Bindings 747 Troubleshooting the DHCP ODAP Subnet Allocation Server 748 Configuration Ex.ampLes for DHCP Server On-Demand Pool Manager 749 E hlalosa DHCP ODAP e le Global Default Mechanism Ex.ample 749 Ho hlalosa DHCP ODAPs ho Interface Example 749 Ho lokisa Letamo la DHCP joalo ka ODAP Example 749 Ho lokisa Letamo la DHCP joalo ka ODAP bakeng sa Non-MPLS VPNs Ex.ample 752 Configuring AAA le RADIUS Example 752 Ho Hlophisa Letamo la Lefatše bakeng sa Seva ea Kabo ea Subnet Example 753 Ho Hlophisa Letamo la VRF bakeng sa Seva ea Kabo ea Subnet Example 753 Ho sebelisa ID ea VPN ho Lokisa Letamo la VRF ho Subnet Allocation Server Ex.ample 754 Netefatsa Tlhophiso ea Lehae ho Seva ea Kabo ea Subnet Example 754 Netefatsa Aterese ea Kabo ea Letamo la Litaba Example 754 Netefatsa Kabo ea Subnet le DHCP Bindings Example 755

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

xxiii

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 56 KHAOLO EA 57

Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 755 Tlhahisoleseding ea Sebopeho bakeng sa Seva ea DHCP e Batlang Aterese Motsamaisi oa Letamo 757 Glossary 758
IPv6 Access Services: DHCPv6 Relay Agent 761 DHCPv6 Relay Agent 761 DHCPv6 Relay Agent Notification for Prefix Delegation 763 DHCPv6 Relay Options: Remote ID for Ethernet Interfaces 763 DHCPv6 Relay Options: Reload Relay Agent Notification for Prefix Delegation 763 DHCPv6 Relay Options: Remote ID for Ethernet Interfaces 764 DHCPv6 Relay Options: Relay Relay Agent Notification for Prefix Delegation 6 DHCPv764 Relay Options: Remote ID for Ethernet Interfaces 6 DHCPv764 Relay Options: Relay Relay Agent Notification for Prefix Delegation XNUMX DHCPvXNUMX Relay Options: Remote ID for Ethernet Interfaces XNUMX DHCPvXNUMX Relay Options: Relay Relay Agent Reload to Persistent Interface XNUMX Relay ID XNUMX Litšebeletso tsa phihlello : DHCPvXNUMX Relay Agent XNUMX Configuring the DHCPvXNUMX Relay Agent XNUMX Configuration Examples bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Phihlello ea IPv6: DHCPv6 Relay Agent 765 Example: Ho Hlophisa DHCPv6 Relay Agent 765 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 766 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Phihlello ea IPv6: DHCPv6 Relay Agent 766
DHCP Relay Server ID Override and Link Selection Option 82 Suboptions 769 Restrictions for DHCP Relay Server ID Override and Link Selection Option 82 Suboptions 769 Information About DHCP Relay Server ID Override and Link Selection Option 82 Suboptions 770 Server ID Subride770 Subop770 DHCP Subop82 Link Relay Server ID Override and Link Selection Option 770 Suboptions Feature Design 772 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Tšehetso bakeng sa DHCP Relay ID Override le Link Selection Suboptions 82 Ho lokisa DHCP Relay Agent ho Kenya DHCP Server Override le Link Selection Suboptions ho Option772 Configuration XNUMX ExampLes bakeng sa DHCP Relay Server ID Override le Link Selection Option 82 Suboptions 774 ExampLe: DHCP Relay Server ID Override and Link Selection Option 82 Suboptions 774 Additional References for DHCP Relay Server ID Override and Link Selection Option 82 Suboptions 775 Feature Information for DHCP Relay Server ID Override and Link Selection Option 82 Suboptions 776 Glossary

xxxiv

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 58 KHAOLO EA 59

DHCP Server RADIUS Proxy 777 Prerequisites for DHCP Server RADIUS Proxy 777 Restrictions for DHCP Server RADIUS Proxy 777 Information About DHCP Server RADIUS Proxy 777 DHCP RADIUS Proxy Overview 777 DHCP Server RADIUS Proxy Architecture 778 DHCP Server le RADIUS Translations 779 RADIUS Profiles for DHCP Server RADIUS Proxy 780 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa DHCP Server RADIUS Proxy 780 Configuring the DHCP Server for RADIUS-based Authorization 780 Monitoring le Ho Boloka DHCP Server 786 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa DHCP Server Radius Proxy 787 Configuring the DHCP Server Example 787 E hlophisa RADIUS Profiles Example 788 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 788 Thuso ea Setekheniki 789 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa DHCP Server RADIUS Proxy 789 Glossary 789
Ho lokisa Cisco IOS XE DHCP Client 791 Information Information for the Cisco IOS XE DHCP Client 791 Information Mabapi le DHCP Client 792 DHCP Client Operation 792 DHCP Client Overview 793 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Moreki oa DHCP 794 Ho Hlophisa Client ea DHCP 794 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 795 Lokisa Sebaka sa Tsamaiso 795 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa DHCP Client 796 Configuring the DHCP Client Example 796 Ho Customize DHCP Client Configuration Example 797 Example: Ho hlophisa Client ea DHCP ho Mokhoa oa Unicast 798 Litšupiso tse ling 799

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xxxv

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 60 KHAOLO EA 61

Thuso ea Theknoloji 800
Ho Hlophisa Litšebeletso tsa DHCP bakeng sa Accounting le Tšireletseho 801 Litlhoko tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho Lokisa Litšebeletso tsa DHCP bakeng sa Accounting le Tšireletseho 801 Lintlha Mabapi le Litšebeletso tsa DHCP tsa Accounting le Tšireletso 801 DHCP Operation in Public Wireless LANs 801 Bofokoli ba Tšireletso ho Public Wireless LANs 802 DHCP Over Services for Security and Accountingview 802 DHCP Lease Limits 802 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Litšebeletso tsa DHCP bakeng sa Accounting le Tšireletseho 803 Configuring AAA le RADIUS bakeng sa DHCP Accounting 803 Troubleshooting Tips 805 Configuring DHCP Accounting 806 Verifying DHCP Accounting 807 Table Ecuring 808 Table Securing 809 DHCP Securing 809 Securing Troupsu ARP811 XNUMX Ho beakanya moeli oa khiro oa DHCP ho Laola Palo ea Ba ngolisitseng ho Interface XNUMX Troubleshooting Tips XNUMX Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa DHCP Services for Accounting and Security 811 Example: Ho lokisa AAA le RADIUS bakeng sa DHCP Accounting 811 Example: Ho lokisa DHCP Accounting 811 Example: Ho netefatsa DHCP Accounting 812 Example: Configuring a DHCP Lease Limit 813 Additional References 813 Technical Assistance 814 Feature Information for DHCP Services for Accounting and Security 814
ISSU le SSO–DHCP Teboho e Phahameng Likarolo 817 Litlhoko tsa Pele bakeng sa DHCP Fumaneho e Phahameng 817 Lithibelo bakeng sa DHCP Fumaneha e Phahameng 818 Lintlha Mabapi le Teboho e Phahameng ea DHCP 818 ISSU 818 SSO 818 ISSU le SSO–DHCP Server 818

xxvi

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 62 KHAOLO EA 63

Relay ea ISSU le SSO–DHCP ho Sehokahanyi se Seng sa Linomoro 819 ISSU le SSO–DHCP Proxy Client 820 ISSU le SSO–DHCP ODAP Client le Server 821 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa DHCP Ho Fumana Boemo bo Phahameng 822 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa DHCP Boteng bo Phahameng 822 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 822 Litaba tsa DHCP tse Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa Likarolo 824 Glossary 824
DHCPv6 Relay le Server – MPLS VPN Support 827 Information About DHCPv6 Relay and Server – MPLS VPN Support 827 DHCPv6 Server and Relay–MPLS VPN Support 827 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa DHCPv6 Relay le Server – MPLS VPN Support 828 Configuring a VRF-Aware for Relay and Relay MPLS VPN Support 828 Ho Hlophisa VRF-Aware Relay 828 Ho Hlophisa VRF-Aware Server 829 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa DHCPv6 Server - MPLS VPN Support 830 Example: Ho lokisa VRF-Aware Relay 830 Example: Ho Hlophisa Seva ea VRF-Aware 830 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 831 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa DHCPv6 Relay le Seva - MPLS VPN Support 832
Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le Litšebeletso tsa Phihlello ea IPv6: DHCPv6 Relay Agent 833 DHCPv6 Relay Agent 833 DHCPv6 Relay Agent Notification for Prefix Delegation 835 DHCPv6 Relay Options: Remote ID for Ethernet Interfaces 835 DHCPv6 Relay Options: Relay Relay Agent 835 DHCP6 Relay Interface 836 IPv6 Litšebeletso tsa ho kena: DHCPv6 Relay Agent 836 E lokisa DHCPv6 Relay Agent 836 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Phihlello ea IPv6: DHCPv6 Relay Agent 837 Example: Ho Hlophisa DHCPv6 Relay Agent 837 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 838 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Phihlello ea IPv6: DHCPv6 Relay Agent 838

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

xxvii

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 64 KHAOLO EA 65

IPv6 Access Services: Stateless DHCPv6 841 Information About IPv6 Access Services: Stateless DHCPv6 841 Information Refresh Server Option 841 SIP Server Options 841 SNTP Server Option 841 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IPv6 Access Services: Stateless DHCPv6 842 Configuring the Stateless DHCPv6 Server Configuring CPv842 State Configuring 6 Ho Hlophisa DHCPv842 Client 6 E nolofalletsang Ts'ebetso ea Lipakete ka Likhetho tsa Hlooho ea Mohloli oa Routing 843 Ho Lata Likhetho tsa Seva tsa DHCPv844 tse se nang Naha 6 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Phihlello ea IPv6: DHCPv6 849 Example: Ho Hlophisa Mosebetsi oa Naha oa DHCPv6 849 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 849 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Phihlello ea IPv6: Stateless DHCPv6 850
IPv6 Access Services: DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation 853 Information Mabapi le IPv6 Access Services: DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation 853 DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation 853 Configuring Node Without Prefix delegation 854 Client and Server Identification 854 Rapid Commit 854 Serv6 setšoantšo sa IPv854 Access Litšebeletso: DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation 6 Configuring the DHCPv858 Server Function 6 Configuring the DHCPv858 Configuration Pool 6 Configuring a Binding Database Agent for the Server Function 858 Configuring the DHCPv860 Client Function 6 Binding CP861 Demant CP tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Phihlello ea IPv6: DHCPv6 Prefix Moifo 862 Example: Ho lokisa DHCPv6 Server Function 862 Example: Ho lokisa DHCPv6 Configuration Pool 863 ExampLe: Ho lokisa DHCPv6 Client Function 864

xxviii

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 66 KHAOLO EA 67

Example: Ho Hlophisa Moemeli oa Database bakeng sa Mosebetsi oa Seva 865 Example: Ho Bontša Tlhahisoleseding ea Seva ea DHCP le Moreki ho Sehokahanyi 865 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 866 Lintlha tsa Litšebeletso tsa Litšebeletso tsa Phihlello ea IPv6: DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation 867
Asymmetric Lease for DHCPv6 Relay Prefix Delegation 869 Restrictions for Asymmetric Lease for DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation 869 Information about Asymmetric Lease for DHCPv6 Relay Prefix Delegation 869 DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation with Asymmetric TPD Lease 870 Option 1 Option T2 le Maemo a Tlamahang hape 872 Configuring Asymmetric Lease 873 Configuring Asymmetric Lease on Interface 878 Configuring Asymmetric Lease in Global Configuration Mode 878 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Asymmetric Lease 879 Example: Configuring the Asymmetric Lease on an Interface 879 Verifying the Configuration 880 DHCPv6 Short Lease Performance Scaling 881 Feature Information for Asymmetric Lease for DHCPv6 Relay Prefix Delegation 881
Tlhophiso Examples for DHCP for IPv6 Broadband 883 Information About DHCP for IPv6 Broadband 883 Prefix Delegation 883 Accounting Start and Stop Messages 883 Ho Lokolloa ka Qetello ea Tlamang 883 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa DHCP bakeng sa IPv6 Broadband 884 Ho nolofalletsa ho Qala le ho Romela Molaetsa o Ikemetseng oa Stop884 Litlamo 885 Configuration Examples bakeng sa DHCP bakeng sa IPv6 Broadband 886 Example: Ho nolofalletsa ho Romela Accounting Qala le ho Emisa Melaetsa 886 Example: Tlhophiso ea Selelekela se Ajoang ho Letamo la Lehae 886 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 886 Lintlha tsa Litšebetso bakeng sa DHCP bakeng sa IPv6 Broadband 887

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

xxxx

Litaba

KHAOLO 68 KHAOLO 69 KHAOLO 70

DHCPv6 Server Stateless Autoconfiguration 889 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le DHCPv6 Server Stateless Autoconfiguration 889 DHCPv6 Server Stateless Autoconfiguration 889 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa DHCPv6 Server Stateless Autoconfiguration 890 Configuring the Stateless DHCPv6 Server Developing890Stateless DHCPServer6 ho sebelisa Likhetho tsa Header 892 Configuration Examples bakeng sa DHCPv6 Server Stateless Autoconfiguration 894 Example: Ho Hlophisa Mosebetsi oa Naha oa DHCPv6 894 Litšupiso tse ling bakeng sa DHCP Overview 895 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa DHCPv6 Server Stateless Autoconfiguration 896
DHCP Server MIB 897 Litlhoko tse hlokahalang bakeng sa DHCP Server MIB 897 Lintlha Mabapi le Seva ea DHCP MIB 897 SNMP Overview 897 DHCP Server Trap Notifications 898 Tables and Objects in the DHCP Server MIB 898 How to Nuble DHCP Trap Notifications 902 Configuring the Router to Rome SNMP Trap Notifications Mabapi le DHCP 902 Troubleshooting Tips 903 Configurationamples bakeng sa DHCP Server MIB 904 DHCP MIB–Secondary Subnet Trap Example 904 DHCP Server MIB–Aterese Pool Trap Example 905 DHCP Server MIB–Lease Limit Violation Trap Example 905 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 905 Litaba tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa DHCP Server MIB 906
Asymmetric Lease for DHCPv4 Relay 909 Restrictions for Asymmetric Lease for DHCPv4 Relay 909 Information about Asymmetric Lease for DHCPv4 Relay 909 DHCPv4 IP Assignment with Asymmetric Lease 910 Derivation of Short Lease T1′ le 2 T910's

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xl

Litaba

KAROLO YA VII KHAOLO 71

Ho Nchafatsa le ho Tlama Maemo hape 910 SSO le Ts'ehetso ea ISSU 913 Ho Lokisa Lease ea Asymmetric bakeng sa DHCPv4 Relay 913 Ho Lokisa Asymmetric Lease ho Sehokahanyi sa DHCPv4 Relay 914 Ho Lokisa Asymmetric Lease ho Global Configuration Mode bakeng sa Global Configuration Configuration DHCP4amples bakeng sa Asymmetric Lease bakeng sa DHCPv4 Relay 915 ExampLe: Ho Lokisa Asymmetric Lease ho Sehokelo bakeng sa DHCPv4 Relay 915 Ex.ample: Ho Hlophisa Asymmetric Lease in Global Configuration Mode bakeng sa DHCPv4 Relay 916 Ho netefatsa Boitsebiso ba Litlhophiso tsa 916 bakeng sa Asymmetric Lease bakeng sa DHCPv4 Relay 917
DNS 919
Ho lokisa DNS 921 Prerequisites bakeng sa ho Lokisa Lintlha tsa DNS 921 Mabapi le DNS 921 DNS Overview 921 DNS Views 923 E thibetsoe View Sebelisa Lipotso tse Tsoang ho Associated VRF 923 Parameters bakeng sa ho Rarolla Lipotso tsa DNS tse Hlatsoeng ka Hare 924 Parameters bakeng sa ho Fetisa Lipotso tsa DNS tse Kenang 924 DNS View Manane a 925 DNS Mabitso Lihlopha 926 DNS View Lihlopha tsa 927 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Mabitso a Limmapa tsa DNS 927 ho Liaterese tsa IP 927 Ho Thibela Lipotso tsa DNS bakeng sa Liaterese tsa ISO CLNS 929 Ho netefatsa DNS 930 Ho Hlalosa DNS View 931 E netefatsa DNS Views 934 Ho hlalosa DNS View Lethathamo la 935 ho fetola DNS View Lenane la 936 Ho kenyelletsa Setho ho DNS View Lethathamo le se le ntse le sebelisoa 936 Ho Fetola Taelo ea Litho tsa DNS View Lethathamo le Se Le ntse le Sebelisa 938

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xli

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 72 KHAOLO EA 73

Ho totobatsa DNS ea kamehla View Lenane la Seva ea DNS ea Sesebelisoa sa 939 se Hlalosang DNS View Lethathamo la Sebopeho sa Sesebelisoa sa 940 se Hlalosang Sehokelo sa Mohloli ho Fetisa Lipotso tsa DNS 941 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa DNS 942 Example: Ho theha Lethathamo la Domain le Mabitso a Mang a Sebaka 942 ExampLe: Ho etsa 'mapa oa Mabitso a Moamoheli ho Liaterese tsa IP 942 Example: Customizing DNS 943 ExampLe: Arola DNS View Mananeo a hlophisitsoeng ka mefuta e fapaneng View-sebelisa Lithibelo 943 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa ho Lokisa Lintlha tsa DNS 944 bakeng sa ho Lokisa DNS 945
VRF-Aware DNS 947 Information About VRF-Aware DNS 947 Domain Name System 947 VRF Mapping le VRF-Aware DNS 948 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa VRF-Aware DNS 948 Ho Hlalosa Lethathamo la VRF le Ho Abela Lebitso la Server ho Nolofatsa VRF-Aware DNS 948 Mapping -Mabitso a Khethehileng a Hostnames to IP Address 949 Configuring a Static Entry in a VRF-Specific Name Cache 950 Ho netefatsa Menyalo ea Cache ea Lebitso ho Lethathamo la VRF 951 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa VRF-Aware DNS 952 Example: VRF-Specific Name Server Configuration 952 Example: VRF-Specific Domain Name List Configuration 952 VRF-Specific Domain Name Configuration Example 953 VRF-Specific IP Host Configuration Example 953 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 953 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa VRF-Aware DNS 954
Local Area Service Discovery Gateway 955 Information About Service Discovery Gateway 955 Phatlalatso ea Phatlalatso Kabo bocha le Katoloso ea Tšebeletsoview 956 Beha Likhetho tsa Sefe ho Atolosa Litšebeletso ho Li-subnets 957 Eketsa Litšebeletso ho Li-subnets 959

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xlii

Litaba

KAROLO YA VIII KHAOLO 74

Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Li-Filters tsa Ts'ebeletso 961 Likhetho tsa Setha bakeng sa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebeletso 961 Ho Sebelisa Litlhopha tsa Ts'ebeletso ea Ts'ebeletso le ho Hlophisa Mekhahlelo ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebeletso 963 Ho Sebelisa Litlhopha tsa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebeletso bakeng sa Sehokelo 965 Ho theha Boemo ba Ts'ebeletso 966
Netefatsa le ho rarolla mathata a Ts'ebeletso ea Discovery Gateway 968 Configuration Examples bakeng sa Service Discovery Gateway 970
Example: Ho Seta Likhetho tsa Sefe bakeng sa Discovery ea Tšebeletso 970 ExampLe: Ho Sebelisa Lisefe tsa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebeletso le ho Hlophisa Mekhahlelo ea Phano ea Ts'ebeletso 970 Ex.ampLe: Ho Sebelisa Lisefe tsa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebeletso bakeng sa Interface 970 Example: Ho Beha Likhetho tse ngata tsa ho Fumana Litšebeletso tse ngata 970 Example: Ho theha Setsi sa Ts'ebeletso 972 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Service Discovery Gateway 972 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa Service Discovery Gateway 973
NAT 975
Ho lokisa NAT bakeng sa Tlhokomelo ea Aterese ea IP 977 Litlhoko tsa ho Lokisa NAT bakeng sa Tlhokomelo ea Liaterese tsa IP 977 Manane a phihlello a 977 NAT Litlhoko tsa 978 Lithibelo tsa ho Hlophisa NAT bakeng sa Tlhokomelo ea Aterese ea IP 978 Tlhahisoleseding mabapi le ho Hlophisa NAT bakeng sa Tlhokomelo ea Aterese ea IP bakeng sa Tlhokomelo ea Aterese ea IP ea 980 ho Configuring NAT NAT e Sebetsa 980 Ts'ebeliso ea Mefuta ea NAT 981 ea NAT 981 NAT ea Liaterese tse ka Hare le Ka Ntle 981 Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Hare-kahare ea Mohloli 982 Ho Tlama ha Liaterese Tsa Lefatše 982 Liaterese Phetolelo ea Li-Network Overlapping Networks 984 TCP Load Distribution for NAT 985 Static IP Address SupportUS 986 RADI

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xliii

Litaba

Ho hana-Tšebeletso ho Hlaseloa Livaerase le Liboko tse 987 tse Lebisitseng NAT 987 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa NAT bakeng sa Paballo ea Aterese ea IP 988 Ho Lokisa Liaterese tsa Mohloli o ka Hare 988
Ho Hlophisa Phetolelo e Tsitsitseng ea Liaterese tsa ka Hare 988 Ho Hlophisa Phetolelo e Matla ea Liaterese Tsa Hare 990 Ho Hlophisa Aterese e Tšoanang ea Lefatše bakeng sa Static NAT le PAT 992 Ho Sebelisa NAT ho Lumella Basebelisi ba ka Hare ho Kena Marang-rang Nako ea Nako ea ho Tlatseha ho Lokisoa 993 Ho Lumella Marang-rang a Phethahalang ho Buisana ka NAT 994 Ho Hlophisa Phetolelo e tsitsitseng ea Marang-rang a Overlapping 995 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang 995 Configuring Server TCP Load Balancing 997 Noble Route Maps in Inside Interfaces 997-Inside Interfaces NAT Route999-Service Ho lokisa NAT ea Liaterese tsa IP tsa Kantle 999 Feela 1001 Ho lokisa boemo ba NAT ka hare ho Server Feature 1002 Reenabling RTSP ho NAT Router 1003 Configuring Support for Users with Static IP Addresss 1005 Configuring the Rate Limiting NAT Translation Feature By Exfiguring 1006 NAT Feature Feature 1006 Configuring 1008 NAT Configuringamples bakeng sa ho Hlophisa NAT bakeng sa Paballo ea Aterese ea IP 1011 Example: Ho Hlophisa Phetolelo e tsitsitseng ea liaterese tse ka Hare tsa Mohloli 1011 Example: Ho Hlophisa Phetolelo e Matla ea Liaterese tsa Mohloli o ka Hare 1012 Example: Ho Sebelisa NAT ho Lumella Basebelisi ba ka Hare ho Fumana Inthanete 1012 Example: Ho lumella Marang-rang a Phethahalang ho Buisana ka ho Sebelisa NAT 1013 Example: Ho Hlophisa Phetolelo e tsitsitseng ea Marang-rang a Overlapping 1013 Example: Ho Hlophisa Phetolelo e Matla ea Marang-rang a Overlapping 1013 Example: Ho lokisa Tekanyo ea Moroalo oa Seva ea TCP 1013 Example: Ho nolofaletsa Limmapa tsa Route ho Li-interfaces tse ka Hare 1014 Example: Ho nolofaletsa limmapa tsa NAT Route ka ntle ho ea ka hare ho Tšehetso 1014 ExampLe: Ho lokisa NAT ea Liaterese tsa Kantle tsa IP Ke 1014 feela

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xliv

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 75

Example: Ho Hlophisa Tšehetso bakeng sa Basebelisi ba nang le Liaterese tsa IP tse tsitsitseng 1014 Example: Ho lokisa NAT Static IP Support 1014 ExampLe: Ho theha RADIUS Profile bakeng sa NAT Static IP Support 1014
ExampLe: Ho Hlophisa Sekhahla se Fokolang Sekhahla sa NAT sa Phetolelo 1015 Example: Ho beha Moedi wa Global NAT Rate 1015 ExampLe: Ho Beha Meeli ea Sekhahla sa NAT bakeng sa Boemo bo khethehileng ba VRF 1015 Ex.ample: Ho Beha Meeli ea Lebelo la NAT bakeng sa Liketsahalo Tsohle tsa VRF 1015 Example: Ho Beha Meeli ea Lebelo la NAT bakeng sa Manane a Taolo ea Phihlelo 1016 ExampLe: Ho Beha Meeli ea Sekhahla sa NAT bakeng sa Aterese ea IP 1016
Moo u ka eang teng Litlhahiso tse ling tsa 1016 bakeng sa ho Lokisa NAT bakeng sa Paballo ea Aterese ea IP 1016
Ho sebelisa Li-Gateways-Level Gateways ka NAT 1019 Prerequisites bakeng sa ho Sebelisa Melemo ea Boemo ba Kopo ka NAT 1019 Lithibelo tsa ho Sebelisa Li-Gateways-Level Gateways le NAT 1020 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le Ho Sebelisa Li-Gate-Level Gateways le NAT 1020 IPsec 1020 Melemo ea ho Hlophisa 1021 NAT1021 IPsec ea Lentsoe le Multimedia IPsec Marang-rang 323 NAT Tšehetso ea H.2 v1021 RAS 323 NAT Support bakeng sa H.3 v4 le v2 ka v1022 Compatibility Mode 245 NAT H.1022 Tunneling Support 1022 NAT Tšehetso ea Skinny Client Control Protocol 1022 NAT Tšehetso ea SCCP4 Fragment1023 ea NAT Tšehetso ea SCCP1024 Fragment1024 1024 Ho fetisetsa 1025 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Liheke tsa Boemo ba Kopo ka NAT 1026 Ho Hlophisa IPsec Ka NAT 1027 Ho Hlophisa IPsec ESP Ka NAT 1027 Ho Nolofatsa Sebaka sa Preserve Port 1028 E nolofalletsang SPI Matching ho NAT Device XNUMX E nolofalletsang Endpoint SPI XNUMX Multiple Enabling SPI XNUMX Support NAT SPIXNUMX Ho lokisa NAT Pakeng tsa IP Phone le Cisco CallManager XNUMX Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa ho Sebelisa Liheke tsa Boemo ba Kopo ka NAT 1029

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xlv

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 76 KHAOLO EA 77

Example: Ho Hlalosa Boema-kepe bakeng sa Phetolelo ea NAT 1029 Example: Ho nolofalletsa Port Preserve Port 1029 Example Ho nolofalletsa SPI Matching 1029 Example: Ho nolofalletsa SPI Matching ho Endpoints 1029 Example: Ho nolofalletsa Tšehetso ea MultiPart SDP bakeng sa NAT 1030 ExampLe: Ho Hlalosa Boema-kepe bakeng sa Phetolelo ea NAT 1030 Moo u ka eang teng Litlhahiso tse ling tse 1030 tsa ho Sebelisa Li-Gateways-Level Gateways tse nang le NAT 1030 Tlhahisoleseding ea Sebopeho bakeng sa ho Sebelisa Li-Gate-Level Gateways le NAT 1031
Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Sehlopha sa Carrier 1035 Restrictions for Carrier Grade Network Address Translation 1035 Tlhahisoleseding e Mabapi le Carrier Grade Network Address Translation 1036 Carrier Grade NAT Overview 1036 Carrier Grade NAT Support for Broadband Access Aggregation 1037 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Carrier Grade Network Address Translation 1037 Configuring Static Carrier Grade NAT 1037 Configuring Dynamic Carrier Grade NAT 1040 Configuring Dynamic Port Address Grade 1042 Adress Carrier Grade 1044 Crrier Carrier Destination XNUMX (CGN) Mokhoa oa XNUMX Configuration Examples for Carrier Grade Network Address Translation 1045 Example: Ho Hlophisa Static Carrier Grade NAT 1045 Example: Ho lokisa Sehlopha sa Dynamic Carrier NAT 1045 Example: Ho Hlophisa Dynamic Port Address Kereiting ea NAT 1046 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Kereiti ea Carrier Grade Network 1046 Feature Information for Carrier Grade Network Address Translation 1047
Static NAT Mapping with HSRP 1049 Prerequisites for Static NAT Mapping with HSRP 1049 Restrictions for Static NAT Mapping with HSRP 1049 Information About Static NAT Mapping with HSRP 1050 Static Mapping Support with HSRP for High Availability Feature Overview Qeto ea Aterese ea 1050 le ARP 1050 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa 'Mapa oa NAT o tsitsitseng ka HSRP 1051

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xlvi

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 78 KHAOLO EA 79

Ho lokisa NAT Static Mapping Support bakeng sa HSRP 1051 Ho Nolofatsa HSRP ho NAT Interface 1051 E nolofalletsang NAT e tsitsitseng bakeng sa HSRP 1053
Tlhophiso Example bakeng sa Static NAT Mapping le HSRP 1054 Example: Ho lokisa Static NAT sebakeng sa HSRP 1054
Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Static NAT Mapping le HSRP 1055 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa Static NAT Mapping le HSRP 1056
VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT Mapping with HSRP 1057 Prerequisites for VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT Mapping with HSRP 1057 Restrictions for VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT Mapping with HSRP 1057 Information About VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT Mapping with HSRP 1058 Mapping with HSRP XNUMX Fetileview 1058 Address Resolution with ARP 1058 How to Configuring VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT Mapping with HSRP 1059 E nolofalletsa HSRP bakeng sa VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT 1059 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT Mapping le HSRP 1062 Example: Ho nolofalletsa HSRP bakeng sa VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT 1062 Ho netefatsa HSRP bakeng sa VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT 1063 Litšupiso tse ling VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT Mapping with HSRP 1065 Feature Information for VRF-Aware Dynamic NAT Mapping with HSRP 1065
Ho Hlophisa Stateful Interchassis Redundancy 1067 Prerequisites for Stateful Interchassis Redundancy 1067 Restrictions for Stateful Interchassis Redundancy 1067 Information About Stateful Interchassis Redundancy 1068 Stateful Interchassis Redundancy Overview 1068 Stateful Interchassis Redundancy Operation 1069 Associations with Firewalls and NAT 1070 LAN-LAN Topology 1070 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Stateful Interchassis Redundancy 1071 Configuring the Control Interface Protocol 1071 Configuring a Redundancy Group 1073 Interface Configuic1076

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xlvii

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 80 KHAOLO EA 81

Ho lokisa NAT ka Stateful Interchassis Redundancy 1077 Taolo le Tlhokomelo ea Stateful Interchassis Redundancy 1078 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Stateful Interchassis Redundancy 1080 Example: Ho lokisa Sehokelo sa Taolo ea 1080 Example: Ho Hlophisa Sehlopha sa ho Hloka Mosebetsi 1080 Example: Ho Hlophisa Sehokelo sa Sephethephethe sa Redundant 1080 Example: Ho Hlophisa NAT le Stateful Interchassis Redundancy 1081 Tlatsetso Litšupiso bakeng sa Stateful Interchassis Redundancy 1081
'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe ho Sebelisa Encapsulation 1083 Tlhahisoleseding ea Sebopeho bakeng sa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe ho Sebelisa Encapsulation 1083 Lithibelo tsa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Port Ho Sebelisa Lintlha tsa Encapsulation 1084 Mabapi le 'Mapa oa Aterese le Port Ho Sebelisa Encapsulation 1084 Mapping ea Aterese le Port Using Encapsulation 1084 Joang ho Configure 'Mapa oa Boema-kepe o Sebelisa Encapsulation 1084 Ho Hlophisa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe o Sebelisa Encapsulation 1084 Ho netefatsa 'mapa oa Aterese le Port ho Sebelisa Encapsulation Configuration 1086 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe Ho Sebelisa Encapsulation 1087 ExampLe: 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe o Sebelisang Encapsulation 1087 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe o Sebelisa Encapsulation 1088.
Interchassis Asymmetric Routing Support for Zone-based Firewall le NAT 1091 Restrictions for Interchassis Asymmetric Routing Support for Zone-based Firewall le NAT 1091 Information Mabapi le Interchassis Asymmetric Routing Support for Zone-based Firewall le NAT 1092 Over Asymme.view 1092 Asymmetric Routing Support in Firewalls 1094 Asymmetric Routing in NAT 1094 Asymmetric Routing in a WAN-LAN Topology 1095 VRF-Aware Asymmetric Routing in Zone-Based Firewalls 1095 VRF-Aware Asymmetric Routing to NATcharm Asymmetric Routing in NATcha ne- Thehiloe Firewall le NAT 1096 Configuring a Redundancy Application Group le Redundancy Group Protocol 1096 Configuring Data, Control, and Asymmetric Routing Interfaces 1096 Configuring a Redundant Interface Identifier and Asymmetric Routing on Interface 1098.

xlviii

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 82 KHAOLO EA 83

Ho Lokisa Phetolelo e Matla ea ka Hare ho Mohloli ka Asymmetric Routing 1101 Configuration Ex.amples for Interchassis Asymmetric Routing Support for Zone-based Firewall le
NAT 1104 Example: Ho Hlophisa Sehlopha sa Kopo ea Khaello ea Boipheliso le Sehlopha sa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso 1104 Example: Ho lokisa Data, Control, le Asymmetric Routing Interfaces 1104 ExampLe: Ho Hlophisa Sets'oants'o sa Sehokelo sa Redundant le Routing ea Asymmetric ho Interface 1105 Ex.ample: Ho Hlophisa Phetolelo e Matla ka hare ho Mohloli ka Asymmetric Routing 1105 ExampLe: Ho lokisa VRF-Aware NAT bakeng sa WAN-WAN Topology le Symmetric Routing
Box-to-Box Redundancy 1105 ExampLe: Ho Hlophisa Asymmetric Routing le VRF 1108 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Interchassis Asymmetric Routing Support bakeng sa Zone-Based Firewall le NAT 1108 Feature Information for Interchassis Asymmetric Routing Support for Zone-based Firewall le NAT 1109
VRF-Aware NAT bakeng sa WAN-WAN Topology with Symmetric Routing Box-to-Box Redundancy 1111 Restrictions for VRF-Aware NAT for WAN-WAN Topology with Symmetric Routing Box-to-Box Redundancy 1111 Information About VRF-Aware NAT for WAN-WAN Topology with Symmetric Routing Box-to-Box Redundancy 1112 VRF-Aware Box-to-Box Tšehetso e Phahameng ea Boteng ba 1112 Stateful Interchassis Redundancy Overview 1112 Stateful Interchassis Redundancy Operation ho NAT 1112 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa VRF-Aware NAT bakeng sa WAN-WAN Topology le Symmetric Routing Box-to-Box Redundancy 1114 Configuration Examples bakeng sa VRF-Aware NAT bakeng sa WAN-WAN Topology le Symmetric Routing Box-to-Box Redundancy 1114 Example: Configuring VRF-Aware NAT for WAN-WAN Topology with Symmetric Routing Box-to-Box Redundancy 1114 E eketsehileng References for VRF-Aware NAT for WAN-WAN Topology with Symmetric Routing Box-to-Box Redundancy 1117 Feature Information for VRF-Aware NAT ea WAN-WAN Topology e nang le Symmetric Routing Box-to-Box Redundancy 1118
Ho kopanya NAT le MPLS VPNs 1119 Litlhokahalo tsa ho Kopanya NAT le MPLS VPNs 1119 Lithibelo tsa ho Kopanya NAT le MPLS VPNs 1119

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x xlix

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 84

Tlhahisoleseding mabapi le Ho Kopanya NAT le MPLS VPNs 1120 Melemo ea Khokahano ea NAT le MPLS VPNs 1120 Likhetho tsa Ts'ebetsong tsa ho Kopanya Nat le MPLS VPNs 1120 Scenarios bakeng sa ho Kenyelletsa NAT ho PE Router 1120.
Mokhoa oa ho kopanya NAT le MPLS VPNs 1121 Configuring Inside Dynamic NAT le MPLS VPNs 1121 Configuring Inside Static NAT le MPLS VPNs 1123 Configuring Outside Dynamic NAT with MPLS VPNs 1124 Configuring Outside Static NAT with MPLS1125 VPNs XNUMX
Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa Ho kopanya NAT le MPLS VPNs 1127 Configuring Inside Dynamic NAT le MPLS VPNs Ex.ample 1127 Configuring Inside Static NAT with MPLS VPNs Example 1127 Ho Hlophisa Outside Dynamic NAT ka MPLS VPNs Example 1128 Configuring Outside Static NAT with MPLS VPNs Example 1128
Moo u ka eang teng Litlhahiso tse ling tse 1128 tsa ho kopanya NAT le MPLS VPNs 1129 Tlhahisoleseding ea Tšobotsi ea ho Kopanya NAT le MPLS VPNs 1129
Tlhokomelo le Tlhokomelo Litlhoko tsa NAT 1131 bakeng sa ho Hlokomela le ho Boloka Lithibelo tsa NAT 1131 bakeng sa ho Hlokomela le ho Boloka Lintlha tsa NAT 1131 Mabapi le ho Hlokomela le ho Boloka Litaba tsa NAT 1131 NAT Display 1131 Phetolelo Kenyelletso 1131 NAT 1132 Statistical 1133 Lintlha tsa NAT 1133 1133 Mokhoa oa ho beha leihlo le ho Boloka NAT 1134 e Bontša Tlhahisoleseding ea Phetolelo ea NAT XNUMX Ho Hlakola Menyeho ea NAT Pele Nako ea Nako XNUMX Examples bakeng sa ho Hlokomela le ho Boloka NAT 1136 Example: Ho Hlakola Liphetolelo tsa UDP NAT 1136 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Tlhokomelo le Tlhokomelo ea NAT 1136 Litaba tsa Tlhokomelo le ho Boloka NAT 1137

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.xl

Litaba

KHAOLO 85 KHAOLO 86 KHAOLO 87

Tlhahisoleseding ka NAT 44 Pool Exhaustion Alerts 1139 Defite Thresholds for Address Pool 1139 Thresholds Apping for Father Address Pools 1139 Prerequisites for NAT 44 Pool Exhaustion Alerts 1140 Restrictions for NAT 44 Pool Exhaustion1140 How Pool Exhaustion44 lets Work 1140 Tlatsetso Litšupiso bakeng sa NAT 44 Pool Exhaustion Alerts 1140 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa NAT 44 Letamo la Exhaustion Alerts 1141
Ho nolofaletsa ho rema lifate ka lebelo le phahameng la NAT ho ea ka VRF 1143 Tlhahisoleseding e Mabapi le ho Nolofatsa ho Rengoa ha Nat ka lebelo le phahameng ho latela VRF 1143 ho Rengoa ka Lebelo le Phahameng bakeng sa NAT 1143 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa ho Nolofatsa ho Rengoa ha Nat ka lebelo le phahameng ho latela VRF 1144 Ho Nolofaletsa ho Rema ho Holimo ka Lebelo le Lebelo la Phetolelo ea NAT1144 -Speed Logging of NAT Translations 1146 Configuration Examples bakeng sa ho Nolofatsa ho Rema Mereho e Phahameng ea NAT ka VRF 1147 Example: Ho Thusa Ho Rema ka Lebelo le Lebelo la Liphetolelo tsa NAT 1147 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa ho Nolofatsa ho Rema ho Holimo ha NAT ka lebelo le phahameng ho latela VRF 1147 Tlhahisoleseding ea Karolo bakeng sa ho Nolofatsa ho Rengoa ha Nat ka Lebelo le Lebelo ho VRF 1148
Stateless Network Address Translation 64 1149 Restrictions for Stateless Network Address Translation 64 1149 Restrictions for Stateless Network Address Translation 64 1150 Information About Stateless Network Address Translation 64 1150 Fragmentation of IP Dataglipheleu ho IPv6 le IPv4 Networks 1150 Phetolelo ea ICMP bakeng sa Stateless NAT64 Phetolelo 1150 IPv4-Translatable IPv6 Address 1150 Prefixes Format 1151 Ts'ehetsoeng Stateless NAT64 Scenarios 1151 Multiple Prefixes Support bakeng sa Stateless NAT64 IPP ho Phetolelo ea IPv1152 ho IPv4 6 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Naha e se Nang Naha 1152 64 Ho Hlophisa Marang-rang a Routing bakeng sa Puisano e se nang Naha ea NAT1153 64

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x li

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 88

Ho Hlophisa Li-Prefixes tse ngata bakeng sa Phetolelo e se nang Naha ea NAT64 1155 Ho Hlokomela le ho Boloka Stateless NAT64 Routing Network 1158 Ho lokisa VRF bakeng sa Stateless NAT64 Translation 1161 Configuration Ex.amples for Stateless Network Address Translation 64 1164 Example Ho Hlophisa Marang-rang a Tsamaiso bakeng sa Phetolelo e se nang Naha ea NAT64 1164 Example: Configuring Multiple Prefixes for Stateless NAT64 Translation 1164 Tlatsetso References for Stateless Network Address Translation 64 1165 Glossary 1165
Stateful Network Address Translation 64 1167 Prerequisites for Configuring Stateful State Address Address Translation 64 1167 Restrictions for Configuring Stateful Address Address Translation 64 1167 Information About Stateful Address Address Translation 64 1168 Stateful Network Address Translation 64 1168 Prefixes Format for Stateful Network Address 64v1169 Phetolelo ea Naha ea IP. ho-IPv4 Phallo ea Phakete 6 Stateful IPv1169-to-IPv6 Packet Flow 4 IP Packet Filtering 1170 Phapang lipakeng tsa NAT1170 ea Naha le Naha e se nang Naha NAT64 64 Ho Rengoa ka Lebelo le Phahameng bakeng sa NAT1170 64 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa1171 Loaping 64 Kopo e Phahameng- NATRFLe 1172 TPLe 64 Ts'ebeliso e Phahameng ea NATRF Gateway Support 1174 FTP64 NAT ALG Intrabox High Availability Support 1174 Stateful NAT64–Intrachassis Redundancy 1175 Asymmetric Routing Support bakeng sa NAT64 1176 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Aterese ea Naha e Phetolelo ea Netweke 64 1176 Configuring Static Configuing Network64 Translation of Static Stateful Network1176 Translation 64 Ho hlophisa Matla Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Boema-kepe Lithibelo tse hlakileng tsa NAT1178 64 bakeng sa ho Nolofatsa Phetoho ea Aterese ea Marang-rang u sebelisa VRF 1181 Configuring VRF Aware Stateful NAT1184 with Carrier Grade NAT 64 Verifying VRF Aware Stateful NAT1184 with Carrier Grade NAT (CGN) 64 1187 Monitoring64 Routeng1188 Stateful MonitoringXNUMX MonitoringXNUMX Stateful Configure NATXNUMXamples bakeng sa Stateful Network Address Translation 64 1190

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lii

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 89 KHAOLO EA 90

Example: Ho Hlophisa Static Stateful Address Address Translation 64 1190 Example: Ho Hlophisa Dynamic Stateful Address Address Translation 64 1190 Example: Ho Hlophisa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Boema-kepe bo Matla NAT64 1190 Example: Ho Hlophisa Tšehetso ea Asymmetric Routing bakeng sa NAT64 1191 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Naha ea Marang-rang 64 1193 Litaba tsa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Naha ea Netweke 64 1194 Glossary 1196
Stateful Network Address Translation 64 Interchassis Redundancy 1199 Restrictions for Stateful Network Address Translation 64 Interchassis Redundancy 1199 Information About Stateful Network Address Translation 64 Interchassis Redundancy 1199 Stateful Interchassis Redundancy Opereishene 1199 Active/Active Failover 1201Lan-Active Failover 1201 LAN 1202 undancy Lihlopha bakeng sa Stateful NAT64 1202 Phetolelo Filtering 1202 FTP64 Application-Level Gateway Support 1203 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Stateful Network Translation 64 Interchassis Redundancy 1204 Configuring Redundancy Group Protocols 1204 Configuring Redundancy Groups for Active/Standby Groups for Active/Standby Sharing1205 Sharing Group Active1206 ing 64 Configuring Sebopeho sa Sephethephethe bakeng sa Naha ea Naha ea NAT1209 Interchassis Redundancy 64 Ho Hlophisa Static Stateful NAT1210 bakeng sa Interchassis Redundancy XNUMX Configuration Ex.amples for Stateful Network Address Translation 64 Interchassis Redundancy 1213 Example: Ho Hlophisa Melaetsa ea Sehlopha sa Redundancy 1213 Example: Ho Hlophisa Lihlopheng Tsa Bohloka bakeng sa Kabelo ea Meroalo e Sehlahisoang / E Emeng 1213 Example: Ho Hlophisa Lihlopha tsa ho Hloka Meroalo bakeng sa Karolelano ea Moroalo o Sehlahisoa 1214 Example: Ho Hlophisa Sehokelo sa Sephethephethe bakeng sa Naha ea Naha ea NAT64 Interchassis Redundancy 1214 Litšupiso tse ling 1215
Khokahano Pakeng tsa IPv4 le IPv6 Baamoheli ba Sebelisang Naha ea Naha ea NAT 46 1217 Litaba tsa Khokahano Pakeng tsa IPv4 le IPv6 Baamoheli ba Sebelisa Lithibelo tsa NAT 46 1217 tse se nang Naha bakeng sa NAT 46 1217

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x liii

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 91 KHAOLO EA 92

Boitsebiso ka NAT 46 1218 Overview ea NAT 46 1218 Scalability ho NAT 46 1218 NAT 46 Prefix 1218
Ho hlophisa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Marang-rang 46 1219 Ho netefatsa NAT 46 Configuration 1221
'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe ka Ho Sebelisa Phetolelo ea 1223 Lithibelo tsa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe ho Sebelisa Phetolelo ea 1223 Litaba Mabapi le 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe ka Ho Sebelisa Phetoleloview 1223 MAP-T Melao ea Mapping 1224 MAP-T Address Formats 1225 Packet Forwarding in MAP-T Customer Edge Devices 1225 Packet Forwarding in Border Routers 1226 ICMP/ICMPv6 Header Translation for MAP-T 1226 Path Framement 1227 Discovery in MAP-T MTU 1227 Discovery ho Hlophisa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe U Sebelisa Phetolelo 1227 Ho Lokisa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe ka Ho Sebelisa Phetolelo ea XNUMX Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa 'Mapa oa Liaterese le Boema-kepe ka Ho Sebelisa Phetolelo 1229 Example: Ho Hlophisa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe o Sebelisa Phetolelo 1229 Example: MAP-T Deployment Scenario 1229 Tlatsetso ea Litšupiso bakeng sa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe Ho Sebelisa Phetolelo ea 1230 Tlhahisoleseding ea Karolo bakeng sa 'Mapa oa Aterese le Boema-kepe Ho Sebelisa Phetolelo 1231 Glossary 1231
Thibela Menyeho ea Cache ea Phallo ho NAT le NAT64 1233 Lithibelo Bakeng sa Ho Thibela Kenyelletso ea Cache ea Phallo ho NAT le NAT64 1233 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le Ho Thibela Kenyeletso ea Cache ea Phallo ho NAT le NAT64 1234 Ho Thibela Kenyeletso ea Flow Cache Ho Fetisisaview 1234 Mokhoa oa ho Thibela Kenyelletso ea Cache ea Phallo ho NAT le NAT64 1235 Ho Thibela Kenyelletso ea Cache ea Phallo ho Dynamic NAT 1235 Ho thibela Menehelo ea Cache ea Phallo ho Static NAT64 1237 Ho thibela Kenyeletso ea Cache ea Phallo ho Static CGN 1239

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x liv

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 93 KHAOLO EA 94

Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa Ho thibela Kenyelletso ea Cache ea Phallo ho NAT le NAT64 1241 Example: Ho thibela Kenyelletso ea Cache ea Phallo ho Dynamic NAT 1241 Example: Ho thibela Menehelo ea Cache ea Phallo ho Static NAT64 1241 ExampLe: Ho thibela Kenyelletso ea Cache ea Phallo ho Static CGN 1241
Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa ho Thibela Kenyelletso ea Cache ea Phallo ho NAT le NAT64 1242 Tlhahisoleseding ea Sebopeho bakeng sa Ho Thibela Menehelo ea Cache ea Phallo ho NAT le NAT64 1243
Tšehetso ea ho Kopanya Liaterese tse Kopantsoeng ho NAT 1245 Lithibelo bakeng sa Tšehetso ea ho Kopanya Liaterese tse Kopantsoeng ho NAT 1245 Tlhahisoleseding ka Tšehetso ea ho Kopanya Liaterese tse Kopantsoeng ho NAT 1246view 1246 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Tšehetso ea ho Kopanya Liaterese tse Peane-Aterese 1247 Ho Lokisa Tšehetso ea ho Kopanya Liaterese tse Kopantsoeng ho NAT 1247 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Tšehetso ea ho Kopanya Liaterese Tse Peane Bakeng sa Letamo la NAT 1249 Ho Hlophisa Tšehetso ea Pool e Kopantsoeng Bakeng sa 1249 NATXNUMXamples bakeng sa Tšehetso ea ho Kopanya Liaterese tse Kopantsoeng ho NAT 1251 Example: Ho Hlophisa Tšehetso ea Pooling ea Aterese e Kopantsoeng ho NAT 1251 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Tšehetso e Kopantsoeng ea Liaterese tse Kopantsoeng ho NAT 1252 Boitsebiso ba Tšobotsi bakeng sa Tšehetso e Kopantsoeng-Aterese ho NAT 1252
Litlhoko tsa ho Logging le Port Block Allocation 1253 Prerequisites for Bulk Logging and Port Block Allocation 1253 Restrictions for Bulk Logging and Port Block Allocation 1253 Information About Logging Bulk and Port Block Allocation 1254 Bulk Logging and Port Block Allocation Overview 1254 Port Size in Bulk Logging and Port Block Allocation 1254 High-Speed Logging in Bulk Logging and Port Block Allocation 1255 How to Configuring Bulk Logging and Port Block Allocation 1256 Configuring Bulk Logging and Port-Block Allocation 1256 Configuration Examples bakeng sa Ho Rema Mereko ka Bongata le Kabo ea Boema-kepe 1258 Example: Configuring Bulk Logging and Port Block Allocation 1258 Verifying Bulk Logging and Port Block Allocation 1259 Additional References for Bulk Logging and Port Block Allocation 1260

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lv

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 95 KHAOLO EA 96

Tšehetso ea MSRPC ALG bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1261 Prerequisites bakeng sa Tšehetso ea MSRPC ALG bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1261 Lithibelo bakeng sa MSRPC ALG Tšehetso bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1261 Information Mabapi le Tšehetso ea MSRPC ALG Firewall le NAT 1262 Application-Level Gateways PC SRwall1262 ALG1262 MSRwall 1262 MSRwa1263 MSRwa1263 MSRPC ALG ho NAT 1264 MSRPC Stateful Parser 4 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Ts'ehetso ea MSRPC ALG bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1264 Ho Hlophisa 'Mapa oa Sehlopha sa 1265 MSRPC le 'Mapa oa Leano 1267 Ho Hlophisa Sebaka sa Sebaka le ho Hokela MSRPC Leano la Tšehetso ea MSRPC v 1268 Ts'ehetso ea MSRPC ea MSRPC SRXNUMX ea Ts'ehetso ea MSRPC SRPC XNUMX. vTCP Support bakeng sa MSRPC ALG XNUMX Configuration Examples bakeng sa Tšehetso ea MSRPC ALG bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1268 Example: Ho Hlophisa 'Mapa oa Sehlopha sa 4 oa MSRPC le 'Mapa oa Leano 1268 Example: Ho Hlophisa Sehlopha sa Libaka le ho Hokela 'Mapa oa Leano la MSRPC 1269 Example: Ho nolofaletsa vTCP Tšehetso bakeng sa MSRPC ALG 1269 ExampLe: Ho thibela Ts'ehetso ea vTCP bakeng sa MSRPC ALG 1269 Litaba tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa Tšehetso ea MSRPC ALG bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1269
Tšehetso ea Sun RPC ALG bakeng sa Li-firewalls le NAT 1271 Lithibelo bakeng sa Tšehetso ea Sun RPC ALG bakeng sa Li-firewalls le NAT 1271 Information Mabapi le Sun RPC ALG Tšehetso ea Li-firewalls le NAT 1271 Application-Level Gateways 1271 Sun RPC 1272 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Sun RPC ALGT Support bakeng sa Li-firewalls le NAT 1272 1273 Configuring the Firewall for the Sun RPC ALG 4 Configuring a Layer 1273 Class Map for a Firewall Policy 7 Configuring a Layer 1274 Class Map for a Firewall Policy 1275 Configuring a Sun RPC Firewall Policy Map 7 Policy Emahanyang le Layer 4 'Mapa oa Leano la 1276 Ho Theha Libaka tsa Tšireletso le Lipara tsa Libaka le ho Hokela 'Mapa oa Leano sebakeng sa Paramente ea 1277.

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lvi

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 97 KHAOLO EA 98

Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa Tšehetso ea Sun RPC ALG bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1280 Example: Ho Hlophisa 'Mapa oa Sehlopha sa 4 bakeng sa Leano la Firewall 1280 Example: Ho Hlophisa 'Mapa oa Sehlopha sa 7 bakeng sa Leano la Firewall 1280 Example: Ho lokisa 'mapa oa Leano la Sun RPC Firewall 1280 Example: Ho hokela 'Mapa oa Leano la Lera 7 ho Lera 4 Leano la Mapa 1280 Example: Ho theha libaka tsa ts'ireletso le lipara tsa libaka le ho hokela 'mapa oa maano ho Zone Pair 1280 Ex.ampLe: Ho lokisa Firewall bakeng sa Sun RPC ALG 1281
Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Tšehetso ea Sun RPC ALG bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1282 Feature Information bakeng sa Sun RPC ALG Support bakeng sa Li-firewall le NAT 1283
vTCP for ALG Support 1285 Prerequisites for vTCP for ALG Support 1285 Restrictions for vTCP for ALG Support 1285 Information About vTCP for ALG Support 1286 Overview ea vTCP bakeng sa ALG Support 1286 vTCP e nang le NAT le Firewall ALGs 1286 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa vTCP bakeng sa Tšehetso ea ALG 1286 E nolofalletsa RTSP ho Bula vTCP 1287 Malebela a Tharollo ea Mathata 1290 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa vTCP bakeng sa ALG Support 1290 Example RTSP Configuration 1290 Litlhahiso tse ling bakeng sa vTCP bakeng sa ALG Support 1291
ALG–H.323 vTCP e nang le Tšehetso ea Boteng bo Phahameng bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1293 Restrictions for ALG–H.323 vTCP le High Availability Support bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1293 Information Mabapi le ALG–H.323 vTCP e nang le Tšehetso e Phahameng ea Boteng ba Firewall le NAT 1294 Application. -Level Gateways 1294 Basic H.323 ALG Support 1294 Overview ea vTCP bakeng sa ALG Support 1295 vTCP e nang le NAT le Firewall ALGs 1295 Overview ea ALG–H.323 vTCP e nang le Tšehetso ea Boteng bo Phahameng 1295 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa ALG–H.323 vTCP ka Tšehetso ea Boteng bo Phahameng bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1296 Configuring ALG-H.323 vTCP ka Tšehetso ea Boteng bo Phahameng bakeng sa NAT 1296

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lvii

Litaba

Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa ALG–H.323 vTCP e nang le Tšehetso ea Boteng bo Phahameng bakeng sa Firewall le NAT 1298 Ex.ample: Configuring ALG-H.323 vTCP with High Availability Support bakeng sa NAT 1298
Litšupiso tse ling bakeng sa ALG-H.323 vTCP e nang le Tšehetso e Phahameng ea Boteng ba Firewall le NAT 1299 Feature Information bakeng sa ALG–H.323 vTCP e nang le Tšehetso e Phahameng ea Boteng ba Firewall le NAT 1299

KHAOLO EA 99

SIP ALG Hardening bakeng sa NAT le Firewall 1301 Restrictioning for SIP ALG Hardening for NAT and Firewall 1301 Information About SIP ALG Hardening for NAT and Firewall 1302 SIP Overview 1302 Application-Level Gateways 1302 SIP ALG Local Database Management 1302 SIP ALG Via Header Support 1303 SIP ALG Method Logging Support 1303 SIP ALG PRACK Tšehetso ea Phallo ea Pitso 1303 SIP ALG Record-Route Header Support 1304 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa ALGT le ho Hlophisa SIP 1304 E nolofaletsa NAT bakeng sa Tšehetso ea SIP 1304 E nolofalletsa Tlhahlobo ea SIP 1305 Ho Hlophisa Sebaka sa Sebaka le ho hokela 'mapa oa Leano la SIP 1306 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa SIP ALG Hardening bakeng sa NAT le Firewall 1309 Example: Ho nolofalletsa NAT bakeng sa Tšehetso ea SIP 1309 Example: Ho nolofalletsa SIP Tlhahlobo 1309 Example: Ho Hlophisa Zone Pair le Ho Hokela Mmapa oa Leano la SIP 1309 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa SIP ALG Hardening bakeng sa NAT le Firewall 1309 Tlhahisoleseding ea Karolo bakeng sa SIP ALG Hardening bakeng sa NAT le Firewall 1310

KHAOLO EA 100

SIP ALG Resilience to DoS Attacks 1311 Information About SIP ALG Resilience to DoS Attacks 1311 SIP ALG Resilience to DoS Attacks Feedview 1311 SIP ALG Dynamic Blacklist 1312 SIP ALG Lock Limit 1312 SIP ALG Timers 1312 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa SIP ALG Resilience ho DoS Attacks 1313

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lviii

Litaba

Ho lokisa SIP ALG Resilience ho DoS Attacks 1313 Ho netefatsa SIP ALG Resilience to DoS Attacks 1314 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa SIP ALG Resilience to DoS Attacks 1317 Example: Ho lokisa SIP ALG Resilience ho DoS Attacks 1317 Litšupiso tse eketsehileng bakeng sa SIP ALG Resilience ho DoS Attacks 1317

KHAOLO EA 101

Tšehetso ea Match-in-VRF bakeng sa Lithibelo tsa NAT 1319 bakeng sa Tšehetso ea Match-in-VRF bakeng sa Boitsebiso ba NAT 1319 Mabapi le Tšehetso ea Match-in-VRF bakeng sa Tšehetso ea NAT 1319 Match-in-VRF bakeng sa NAT 1319 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Tšehetso ea Match-in-VRF bakeng sa NAT 1321 Configuring Static NAT with Match-in-VRF 1321 Configuring Dynamic NAT with Match-in-VRF 1322 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Tšehetso ea Match-in-VRF bakeng sa NAT 1325 Example: Ho lokisa Static NAT ka Match-in-VRF 1325 Example: Ho Hlophisa Dynamic NAT le Match-in-VRF 1325 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Static NAT Mapping ka HSRP 1325 Lintlha Tse ka Sehloohong bakeng sa Tšehetso ea Match-in-VRF bakeng sa NAT 1326

KHAOLO EA 102

Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le Stateless Static NAT 1327 NAT Mappings le Phetolelo 1327 Lithibelo bakeng sa Stateless Static Network Address Translation 1328 Configuring Stateless Static NAT 1328 Configuring Stateless Static Inside and Out NAT 1328 Configuring Stateless Static NAT Static Static Forwarding NAT1329 Static State Forwarding NAT1330 Static State Forwarding 1331 Stateless NAT 1332 Static T ka VRF 1334 Configuring Stateless Static NAT with Static Stateless Static NAT Port Forwarding XNUMX Configuring Static Stateful NAT with Static Stateless NAT in Redundant Device XNUMX Ex.ampLe: Ho Hlophisa Litaba tsa Static tse se nang Naha tsa NAT 1335 bakeng sa Statless Static NAT 1336

KHAOLO EA 103

IP Multicast Dynamic NAT 1337 Lithibelo bakeng sa IP Multicast Dynamic NAT 1337

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lix

Litaba

Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le IP Multicast Dynamic NAT 1338 Kamoo NAT e Sebetsang 1338 Tšebeliso ea NAT 1338 NAT ea Ka hare le Kantle ho Liaterese 1338 Phetolelo e Matla ea Liaterese 1339
Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa IP Multicast Dynamic NAT 1340 Configuring IP Multicast Dynamic NAT 1340
Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa IP Multicast Dynamic NAT 1342 ExampLe: Ho hlophisa IP Multicast Dynamic NAT 1342
Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng 1343 Litaba tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IP Multicast Dynamic NAT 1344

KHAOLO EA 104

Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Boema-kepe ba 1345 Lithibelo bakeng sa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Boema-kepe ba PPTP 1345 Litaba Mabapi le Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Boema-kepe ba PPTP 1345 PPTP ALG Support Overview 1345 Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa PPTP Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Boema-kepe 1346 Ho lokisa PPTP ALG bakeng sa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Port 1346 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa PPTP Port Address Translation 1348 Example: Ho lokisa PPTP ALG bakeng sa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Boema-kepe 1348 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Boema-kepe ba PPTP 1348 Litaba tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa Phetolelo ea Aterese ea Boema-kepe 1349

KHAOLO EA 105

NPTv6 Support 1351 Information About NPTv6 support 1351 Melemo ea ho Sebelisa NPTv6 1351 Restrictions for NPTv6 support 1352 IPv6 Prefix Format 1352 NPTv6 Translation Inside to Outside Network 1352 NPTv6 Translation Outside to1352 Confix Network 6 1352 Sebelisa Maemo bakeng sa tšehetso ea NPTv1353 6 Tlatsetso Litšupiso tsa NPTv1354 tšehetso 6

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lx

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 106

NAT Stick Overview 1357 Litlhokahalo tsa ho Hlophisa Lithibelo tsa NAT Stick 1357 bakeng sa ho Hlophisa Stick 1357 Tlhahisoleseding ka ho Hlophisa NAT Stick 1357 Configuring NAT Stick 1357 Netefatsa Nat Stick Configuration 1358 NAT Stick Configuration Ex.ample 1358

KAROLO EA BORARO KHAOLO EA 107

NHRP 1359
Ho Hlophisa Boitsebiso ba NHRP 1361 Mabapi le NHRP 1361 Kamoo NHRP le NBMA Networks li Sebelisanang ka Tsona likarolo tsa DMVPN le NHRP 1361 Spoke Refresh Mechanism for Spoke-to-Spoke Tunnels 1362 Process Switching 1362 CEF Switching 1364 How to Configuring NHRP 1364 Configuring a GRE Tunnel for Multipoint Operation 1364 E nolofalletsa NHRP ho Static Adresse IPtoring 1365 IPtoring Adresse IPtoring 1366 Seteishene sa 1366 Se Hlophisa Ka Potlako ho Seva e Tlang ea Hop 1366 E Fetola Bolelele ba Nako Liaterese tsa NBMA li Phatlalalitsoe E le E Leng 1367 E Hlalosa NHRP Authentiation String 1367 Configuring NHRP Server-Only Mode 1368 Controlling the Triggering of NHRP1369 1371 Ho hlohlelletsa NHRP ho Motheo oa Pakete ea Pakete 1372

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lxi

Litaba

Ho Tlisa NHRP E Thehiloe ho Litsela Tsa Sephethephethe 1378 Ho Fetola Sekhahla sa Ho Tlisa SVCs 1378 Ho Fetola Sampling Nako Period le Sampling Rate 1380 Ho Sebelisa Litefiso tsa Tlhōlisano le Teardown libakeng tse khethehileng 1381
Ho Laola NHRP Packet Rate 1382 Suppressing Forward and Reverse Record Options 1383 E Hlalosa NHRP Responder IP Address 1384 Ho Hlakola NHRP Cache 1385 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa NHRP 1386 Physical Network Designs for Logical NBMA Examples 1386 Ho Sebelisa Litefiso tsa NHRP ho Libakeng Tse Kgethehileng Example 1388 NHRP ho Multipoint Tunnel Example 1389 Bontša NHRP ExampLes 1389 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng 1391 Tlhahisoleseding ea Sebopeho bakeng sa ho Hlophisa NHRP 1392

KHAOLO EA 108

Lintlafatso tsa Phetoho ea Shortcut bakeng sa NHRP ho DMVPN Networks 1393 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le Lintlafatso tsa Phetoho ea Shortcut bakeng sa NHRP 1393 DMVPN Phase 3 Networks Overview 1393 Melemo ea NHRP Shortcut Switching Enhancements 1394 NHRP as a Route Source 1394 Next Hop Overrides 1395 NHRP Route Watch Infrastructure 1396 NHRP Purge Request Reply 1396 Mokhoa oa ho Lokisa Shortcut Enang 1396 NHRP Shortcut ENHRP 1397 ho kena ka Sebopeho sa 1398 Configuration Examples bakeng sa Lintlafatso tsa Shortcut Switching bakeng sa NHRP 1399 Configuring NHRP Shortcut Switching Example 1399 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng 1403 Tlhahisoleseding ea Tšobotsi bakeng sa Lintlafatso tsa Phetoho ea Shortcut bakeng sa NHRP ho DMVPN Networks 1404

KAROLO YA X

Easy Virtual Network 1407

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lxii

Litaba

KHAOLO EA 109

Fetileview ea Easy Virtual Network 1409 Prerequisites for Configuring EVN 1409 Restrictions for EVN 1409 Information About EVN 1410 Benefits of EVN 1410 Virtual Network Tags Fana ka Path Isolation 1411 Virtual Network Tag 1413 vnet Global 1413 Edge Interfaces and EVN Trunk Interfaces 1414 Identifying Trunk Interfaces in Display Output 1415 Single IP Address on Trunk Interfaces 1415 Kamano Pakeng Tsa VRFs E hlalosoang le VRFs Running on a Trunk Interface 1416 Routes 1416 Rovware 1417 ProtoVware 1417 sekete Phallang ka a Virtual Network 1419 Command Heritance on EVN Trunk Interfaces 1419 Overriding Command Inheritance Virtual Network Interface Mode XNUMX Example: Overriding Taelo Lefa 1419 Example: Ho nolofaletsa Tšobotsi ho vnet Global Feela 1420 Ho Tlosa Lintho Tse Fetang Pele le ho Tsosolosa Melao-motheo e Ruiloeng ho EVN Trunk 1420 Ho Etsa qeto ea Haeba ho se na Mofuta oa Taelo o Hlahang ho Tlhophiso. File 1421 EXEC Commands Routing Context 1421 EVN Compatibility with VRF-Lite 1422 Multiaddress Family VRF Structure 1423 QoS Functionality with EVN 1423 Commands Eo Melao ea Tsona e ka Ruoang Kapa e Fetisitsoeng ke Virtual Network ho Interface Reference 1423 E eketsehileng 1427view ea Easy Virtual Network 1428

KHAOLO EA 110

Ho Hlophisa Easy Virtual Network 1429 Prerequisites for Configuring EVN 1429 How to Configure EVN 1429 Configuring an Easy Virtual Network Trunk Interface 1429

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lxiii

Litaba

Ho nolofalletsa Sehlopha sa li-VRF holim'a Trunk Interface 1434 Configuring EVN Edge Interface 1436
Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa se Latelang 1437 Netefatsa Litlhophiso tsa EVN 1437 Configuration Examples bakeng sa ho Lokisa EVN 1438 Example: Virtual Networks Sebelisa OSPF le marangrang Commands 1438 Example: Virtual Networks Sebelisa OSPF le ip ospf vnet sebakeng Taelo 1439 Example: Taelo ea Lefa le Mokhoa oa Sebopeho sa Virtual Network li Feta holim'a EIGRP
Tikoloho 1439 Example: Taelo ea Lefa le Mokhoa oa Sebopeho sa Virtual Network li Feta ho Multicast
Tikoloho 1442 Example: EVN Ho Sebelisa IP Multicast 1443 Litlhahiso Tse Eketsehileng 1444 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa ho Hlophisa Easy Virtual Network 1445

KHAOLO EA 111

Easy Virtual Network Management le Troubleshooting 1447 Prerequisites for EVN Management and Troubleshooting 1447 Information About EVN Management and Troubleshooting 1447 Routing Context for EXEC Mode Fokotsa Pheta-phetolelo ea VRF 1447 Output of traceroute VoRF Command Indicates Tag 1448 Debug Output Filtering Per VRF 1448 CISCO-VRF-MIB 1449 Mokhoa oa ho Laola le ho Rarolla mathata EVN 1449 Ho Bea Moemo oa Tsamaiso bakeng sa Mokhoa oa EXEC ho Specific VRF 1449 E nolofalletsa Phatlalatso ea Debug bakeng sa VRFs Setting Context SN1450MP SN2 MP1451 Virtual SN3 1452 Moelelo bakeng sa Virtual Networks 1453 Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng 1454 Boitsebiso ba Sebopeho bakeng sa Tsamaiso ea EVN le Tharollo ea Mathata XNUMX

KHAOLO EA 112

Configuring Easy Virtual Network Shared Services 1455 Prerequisites for Virtual IP Network Shared Services 1455 Restrictions for Virtual IP Network Shared Services 1455 Information About Easy Virtual Network Shared Services 1456

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lxiv

Litaba

Litšebeletso tse Abelanoeng ho Easy Virtual Network 1456 Easy Virtual Network Shared Services E Bonolo ho feta VRF-Lite 1456 Route Replication Process in Easy Virtual Network 1456
Moo ho ka Kenyeletsoang Replication Replication 1457 Route Replication Behavior for Easy Virtual Network 1457 Route Preference Rules After Route Replication in Easy Virtual Network 1458 How to Share Services Using Easy Virtual Network 1458 Configuring Route Replication to Share Services in Easy Virtual Network 1458
Example 1464 Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa E latelang 1464 Configuring Redistribution to Share Services in Easy Virtual Network 1465 Configuration Ex.ample bakeng sa Easy Virtual Network Shared Services 1467 Example: Easy Virtual Network Route Replication and Route Redistribution in a Multicast Environment 1467 Additional References 1473 Feature Information for Easy Virtual Network Shared Services 1474

KAROLO EA XI KHAOLO EA 113

Ho bua le ho arohana le ho kopanya hape 1475
Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1477 Restrictions for Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1477 Performance Impact 1477 VFR Configuration 1478 Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1478 VFR Ho fumanoa ha Fragment Attacks 1478 VFR Outfit 1478 Disabled VFR1479 Lokisa Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1480 Configuring VFR 1480 E nolofalletsang VFR Manually on Outbound Interface Traffic 1480 Malebela a Tharollo ya Mathata 1481 Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1482 ExampLe: Ho lokisa VFR ho Outbound Interface Traffic 1482

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lxv

Litaba

Litlhahiso tse Eketsehileng bakeng sa Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1483 Lintlha tsa Boitsebiso bakeng sa Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1484

KHAOLO EA 114

IPv6 Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1485 Tlhahisoleseding Mabapi le IPv6 Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1485 IPv6 Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1485 Mokhoa oa ho kenya tšebetsong IPv6 Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1485 Configuring IPv6 Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1485 Configuration XNUMXample bakeng sa IPv6 Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1487 Example: Ho Hlophisa IPv6 Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1487 Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng 1487 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa IPv6 Virtual Fragmentation Reassembly 1488

KHAOLO EA 115

GRE Fragment le Ressembly Performance Tuning 1489 Lithibelo bakeng sa GRE Fragment le Ressembly 1489 Tlhahisoleseding e Mabapi le GRE Fragment le Reassembly 1489 Fragmenty and Reassembly 1489 Out of Order Packet Processing 1490 Mokhoa oa ho Sebelisa GRE Fragment le Reassembly 1490 Reassembly1490Reassembly XNUMX Reassembly XNUMX Tlhophiso Examples bakeng sa GRE Fragment le Reassembly 1492 Example: Ho Hlophisa Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng tsa GFR 1492 bakeng sa GRE Fragment le Reassembly 1492 Lintlha tsa Sebopeho bakeng sa GRE Fragment le Reassembly 1493

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lxvi

TSEBISO LE TSEBISO MABAPI LE LIHLAHISO TSA BUKANA ENA LI TLA FETOHA KA NTLE HO TSEBISO. LIPOLELO TSOHLE, TSEBISO, LE LIKHOTHATSO TSA BUKANA ENA HO lumeloa HORE LI NEPAHETSE EMPA LI HLAHISITSOA KA NTLE HO TIISETSO EA MOFUTA OFE KA FEELA, KA POTSO KAPA TSE BONANG. BASEBELISI BA TLAMEHA HO NKA BOIKARABELO KA FELELE BAKENG SA HO SEBELISA LIHLAHISO LE FEELA.
LAesense YA SOFTWARE LE TIISETSO E LE EDILWENG BAKENG SA SEHLAHISO SE TLEHANG LI BEITSWE KA PAKETENG YA TSEBISO E ROMELETSWENG LE SEHLAHISO MME E KENYELETSOE MONA KA TŠEBELETSO ENA. HAEBA O SA KHOKE HO FUMANA LAesense ea SOFTWARE KAPA TIISETSO E LE EDILENG, IKOPANENG LE MOEMETSI OA HAO WA CISCO HO BA LE KOPIRI.
Ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha Cisco ha TCP header compression ke ho ikamahanya le lenaneo le ntshetswang pele ke Univesithi ya California, Berkeley (UCB) e le karolo ya phetolelo ya UCB ya setjhaba ya tsamaiso ya UNIX. Litokelo tsohle li sirelelitsoe. Copyright © 1981, Regents ea Univesithi ea California.
HO SA THABE TIISETSO E 'NGOE KA MONA, TOKOMANE TSOHLE FILES LE SOFTWARE TSA BAFEBI ENA BA FUMANA “JOALOKAHA HO LE ” KA MOLAO OHLE. CISCO LE BATHO BA BITSO KA HOLIMO BA IKOKOLA LITIISETSO TSOHLE, TSE HLAHANG KAPA TSE BONANG, HO kenyeletsoa, ntle le moedi, TSEO TSA THEKISO, HO SEBELETSA MORERO O KHETHEHILENG LE HO SE TLOHLOE KAPA KAPA TSE TSOANG HO TSOHLE, HO TSAMAISA TŠEBELETSO, HO TSAMAISA TŠEBELETSO.
HA HO TSOHLE CISCO KAPA BATHEPI BA EO BA TLA IKOLA MOLATO MABAPI LE LITšenyo life kapa life tse sa tsitsang, tse KHETHEHILENG, LITLHAKISO, KAPA TSA TSHOhanyetso, ho kenyeletsoa, ntle le meeli, liphaello tse lahlehileng kapa tahlehelo kapa tšenyo ea data e hlahang ts'ebelisong kapa ts'ebetsong. KAPA BATHEPI BA YONA BA ELETSISITSOE KA MOKGWA OA TSAMAISO E JALO.
Liaterese life kapa life tsa Internet Protocol (IP) le linomoro tsa mohala tse sebelisitsoeng tokomaneng ena ha lia rereloa ho ba liaterese le linomoro tsa mohala tsa nnete. Examples, tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea taelo, litšoantšo tsa topology tsa marang-rang, le lipalo tse ling tse kenyellelitsoeng tokomaneng li bontšoa ka sepheo sa litšoantšo feela. Tšebeliso efe kapa efe ea liaterese tsa 'nete tsa IP kapa linomoro tsa mohala tse hlahang litšoantšong ke ntho e sa reroang ebile e etsahetse ka tšohanyetso.
Likopi tsohle tse hatisitsoeng le likopi tse bonolo tsa tokomane ena li nkoa li sa laolehe. Sheba beshene ea hajoale ea inthaneteng bakeng sa mofuta oa moraorao.
Cisco e na le liofisi tse fetang 200 lefatšeng ka bophara. Liaterese le linomoro tsa mohala li thathamisitsoe ho Cisco websaete ho www.cisco.com/go/offices.
Litokomane tse behiloeng bakeng sa sehlahisoa sena li leka ka matla ho sebelisa puo e se nang leeme. Bakeng sa morero oa litokomane tsena, ho se be le leeme ho hlalosoa e le puo e sa boleleng khethollo e ipapisitseng le lilemo, kholofalo, bong, boitsebahatso ba morabe, boitsebahatso ba morabe, maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate, maemo a moruo sechabeng, le liphapano. Mekhelo e kanna ea ba teng litokomaneng ka lebaka la puo e thatafalitsoeng ka har'a likhokahano tsa komporo ea sehlahisoa, puo e sebelisoang ho ipapisitse le litokomane tsa maemo, kapa puo e sebelisoang ke sehlahisoa sa batho ba bang.
Cisco le logo ea Cisco ke matšoao a khoebo kapa matšoao a ngolisitsoeng a Cisco le/kapa mafapha a eona a US le linaheng tse ling. Ho view lethathamo la matšoao a khoebo a Cisco, e ea ho sena URL: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/about/legal/trademarks.html. Matshwao a kgwebo a batho ba bang a boletsweng ke thepa ya beng ba ona. Tšebeliso ea lentsoe molekane ha e bolele kamano ea tšebelisano pakeng tsa Cisco le k'hamphani efe kapa efe. (1721R)
© 2022 Cisco Systems, Inc. Litokelo tsohle li sirelelitsoe.

Selelekela

Selelekela sena se hlalosa bamameli, tlhophiso, le litumellano tsa tokomane ena. E boetse e fana ka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le mokhoa oa ho fumana litokomane tse ling. Selelekela sena se kenyelletsa likarolo tse latelang:
· Selelekela, leqepheng la lxix · Bamameli le Bophara, leqepheng la lxix · Tumellano ea Sebopeho, leqepheng la lxx · Likopano tsa Litokomane, leqepheng la lxx · Lipuisano, Litšebeletso, le Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng, leqepheng la lxxi · Maikutlo a Litokomane, leqepheng la lxxii · Tharollo ea Mathata, leqepheng la lxxii
Selelekela sena se hlalosa bamameli, tlhophiso, le litumellano tsa tokomane ena. E boetse e fana ka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le mokhoa oa ho fumana litokomane tse ling. Selelekela sena se kenyelletsa likarolo tse latelang:

Bamameli le Bophara
Tokomane ena e etselitsoe motho ea ikarabellang bakeng sa ho hlophisa router ea hau ea Cisco Enterprise. Tokomane ena e reretsoe haholo batho ba latelang:
· Bareki ba nang le semelo sa marang-rang sa tekheniki le boiphihlelo.
· Batsamaisi ba sistimi ba tloaelaneng le metheo ea ts'ebetso ea marang-rang e thehiloeng ho router empa e kanna eaba ha ba tsebe software ea Cisco IOS.
· Batsamaisi ba tsamaiso ba nang le boikarabelo ba ho kenya le ho lokisa lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsa marang-rang, le ba tloaelaneng le software ea Cisco IOS.

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lxix

Feature Compatibility

Selelekela

Feature Compatibility
Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka software ea Cisco IOS XE, ho kenyeletsoa likarolo tse fumanehang sesebelisoa sa hau joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ho litataiso tsa tlhophiso, bona sete ea litokomane tsa router tse amehang.
Ho netefatsa tšehetso bakeng sa likarolo tse itseng, sebelisa sesebelisoa sa Cisco Feature Navigator. Sesebelisoa sena se u nolofalletsa ho tseba litšoantšo tsa software tsa Cisco IOS XE tse tšehetsang tokollo e itseng ea software, sete ea likarolo, kapa sethala.

Likopano tsa Litokomane

Setšoantšo sena se sebelisa mekhoa e latelang:

Kopano

Tlhaloso

^ kapa Ctrl

Matšoao a ^ le Ctrl a emela konopo ea Taolo. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, motsoako oa senotlolo ^D kapa Ctrl-D o bolela ho tšoara konopo ea Control ha o ntse o tobetsa konopo ea D. Linotlolo li bonts'itsoe ka litlhaku tse kholo empa ha li utloe bohloko.

khoele

Khoele ke sehlopha sa litlhaku tse sa qotsitsoeng tse bontšitsoeng ka mongolo o tšekaletseng. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, ha u beha khoele ea sechaba sa SNMP sechabeng, u se ke ua sebelisa matšoao a qotso ho potoloha khoele kapa khoele e tla kenyelletsa matšoao a qotso.

Litlhaloso tsa syntax tsa taelo li sebelisa litloaelo tse latelang:

Kopano

Tlhaloso

sebete

Mongolo o motenya o supa litaelo le mantsoe a bohlokoa ao u

kenya hantle joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe.

mongolo o tšekaletseng

Mongolo o ngotsoeng ka mongolo o tšekaletseng o bontša likhang tseo u fanang ka tsona ka boleng.

[x]

Masakaneng a sekwere a kentse ntho eo u ka e khethang (lentsoe la bohlokoa

kapa khang).

Mola o otlolohileng o bontša khetho ka har'a khetho

kapa sete e hlokahalang ea mantsoe a sehlooho kapa likhang.

[x | y]

Masakana a sekwere a koahetseng mantsoe a sehlooho kapa likhang tse arotsoeng ka mola o emeng li bontša khetho ea boikhethelo.

{x | y}

Litšepe tse koahetseng mantsoe a sehlooho kapa likhang tse arotsoeng ka mola o otlolohileng li bontša khetho e hlokahalang.

Li-sete tse behiloeng tsa li-square brackets kapa li-brace li bonts'a khetho ea boikhethelo kapa e hlokahalang ka har'a likarolo tsa boikhethelo kapa tse hlokahalang. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, sheba tafole e latelang.

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lxx

Selelekela

Lipuisano, Litšebeletso, le Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng

Kopano [x {y | z}] Exampre sebelise litumellano tse latelang: Kopano
skrine e matla ea skrine
<> !
[]

Tlhaloso
Li-braces le mola o otlolohileng ka har'a masakaneng a sekwere li bontša khetho e hlokahalang ka har'a ntho eo u ka e khethang.
Tlhaloso
Examplintlha tse ling tse hlahang skrineng li setiloe ho Courier font.
Examplintlha tsa mongolo tseo u tlamehang ho li kenya li setiloe ka mongolo o motenya oa Courier.
Li-angle brackets li kenya mongolo o sa hatisoang skrineng, joalo ka li-password.
Lekhalo le qalong ea mola le bontša mola oa tlhaloso. Lintlha tsa mohoo li boetse li hlahisoa ke software ea Cisco IOS XE bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse itseng.
Li-brackets tse sekwere li kenyelletsa likarabo tsa kamehla ho litaelo tsa sistimi.

Tlhokomeliso Ho bolela hore 'mali e be hlokolosi. Boemong bona, o ka etsa ho hong ho ka bakang tšenyo ea lisebelisoa kapa tahlehelo ea data.

Note Ho bolela 'mali ho ela hloko. Lintlha li na le litlhahiso tse thusang kapa litšupiso tsa lisebelisoa tse kanna tsa se be teng bukeng ena.
Lipuisano, Litšebeletso, le Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng
· Ho fumana lintlha tse nakong, tse nepahetseng ho tsoa ho Cisco, ingolise ho Cisco Profile Motsamaisi. · Ho fumana tšusumetso ea khoebo eo u e batlang ka mahlale a bohlokoa, etela Cisco Services. · Ho fana ka kopo ea tšebeletso, etela Cisco Support. · Ho fumana le ho bala lits'ebetso tse bolokehileng, tse netefalitsoeng tsa maemo a khoebo, lihlahisoa, litharollo le lits'ebeletso, etela
Cisco Marketplace. · Ho fumana marang-rang a akaretsang, lithupelo le litlotla tsa setifikeiti, etela Cisco Press. · Ho fumana lintlha tsa tiisetso bakeng sa sehlahisoa se itseng kapa lelapa la sehlahisoa, kena Cisco Warranty Finder.

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lxxi

Documentation Feedback

Selelekela

Cisco Bug Search Tool Cisco Bug Search Tool (BST) ke web-sesebelisoa se thehiloeng se sebetsang e le monyako oa tsamaiso ea Cisco bug tracking e bolokang lethathamo le felletseng la mefokolo le bofokoli ho lihlahisoa tsa Cisco le software. BST e u fa lintlha tse felletseng mabapi le lihlahisoa le software ea hau.
Documentation Feedback
Ho fana ka maikutlo mabapi le litokomane tsa tekheniki tsa Cisco, sebelisa foromo ea maikutlo e fumanehang fenstereng e nepahetseng ea tokomane e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea inthanete.
Ho batle phoso
Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling ea morao-rao, e felletseng ea tharollo ea mathata, bona Cisco TAC websaete ho https://www.cisco.com/en/US/support/index.html. Eya ho Lihlahisoa ka Sehlopha ebe u khetha sehlahisoa sa hau lenaneng, kapa u kenye lebitso la sehlahisoa sa hau. Sheba tlas'a Troubleshoot and Alerts ho fumana lintlha tsa bothata boo u nang le bona.

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x lxxii

KE P A R T
IPv4 Aterese
· Ho lokisa liaterese tsa IPv4, leqepheng la 1 · IP Overlapping Address Pools, leqepheng la 27 · IP Unnumbered Ethernet Polling Support, leqepheng la 33 · Auto-IP, leqepheng la 41 · Zero Touch Auto-IP, leqepheng la 59

1 KHAOLO
Ho lokisa liaterese tsa IPv4
Khaolo ena e na le tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le, le litaelo tsa ho lokisa liaterese tsa IPv4 ho li-interface tseo e leng karolo ea mochine oa marang-rang.
Hlokomela Litšupiso tsohle tse ling tsa liaterese tsa IPv4 tokomaneng ena li sebelisa IP feela sengolong, eseng IPv4. · Sheba 'Mapa oa Khaolo mona, leqepheng la 1 · Tlhahisoleseding ka Liaterese tsa IP, leqepheng la 1 · Mokhoa oa ho Hlophisa Liaterese tsa IP, leqepheng la 10 · Configuration Ex.amples bakeng sa liaterese tsa IP, leqepheng la 21 · Moo U ka eang Ka mor'a moo, leqepheng la 23 · Litšupiso tse Eketsehileng, leqepheng la 23 · Boitsebiso ba Litšebeletso Bakeng sa Liaterese tsa IP, leqepheng la 24
Sheba 'Mapa oa Khaolo mona
Boitsebiso ka Liaterese tsa IP
Binary Nomoro
Liaterese tsa IP li bolelele ba li-bits tse 32. Li-bits tse 32 li arotsoe ka li-octet tse 'nè (8-bits). Kutloisiso ea mantlha ea linomoro tsa binary e thusa haholo haeba u tla laola liaterese tsa IP marang-rang hobane liphetoho tsa boleng ba li-bits tse 32 li bonts'a aterese e fapaneng ea marang-rang ea IP kapa aterese ea moamoheli oa IP. Boleng ba binary bo emeloa ke palo (0 kapa 1) sebakeng se seng le se seng se atolosoa ke palo 2 ho matla a boemo ba palo ka tatellano, ho qala ka 0 le ho eketseha ho isa ho 7, ho sebetsa ka ho le letona ho ea ho le letšehali. Setšoantšo se ka tlase ke example ea nomoro ea binary ea linomoro tse 8.
Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x 1

Binary Nomoro Setšoantšo sa 1: Example ea Binary Nomoro ea linomoro tse 8

IPv4 Aterese

Setšoantšo se ka tlase se fana ka phetoho ea linomoro tsa binary ho isa ho 0 ho isa ho 134.
Setšoantšo sa 2: Phetoho ea Binary ho isa ho Decimal bakeng sa 0 ho isa ho 134

Setšoantšo se ka tlase se fana ka phetoho ea linomoro tsa binary ho isa ho 135 ho isa ho 255.
Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x 2

IPv4 Aterese Setšoantšo sa 3: Phetoho ea Binary ho isa ho Decimal bakeng sa 135 ho isa ho 255

Sebopeho sa Aterese ea IP

Sebopeho sa Aterese ea IP
Aterese ea moamoheli oa IP e supa sesebelisoa seo lipakete tsa IP li ka romelloang ho sona. Aterese ea marang-rang ea IP e supa karolo e itseng ea marang-rang eo moamoheli a le mong kapa ho feta a ka hokelang ho eona. Tse latelang ke litšobotsi tsa liaterese tsa IP:
· Liaterese tsa IP li bolelele ba likotoana tse 32
* Liaterese tsa IP li arotsoe ka likarolo tse 'ne tsa byte e le' ngoe (octet) ka 'ngoe
· Liaterese tsa IP hangata li ngoloa ka mokhoa o tsejoang e le desimali e nang le matheba

Tafole e ka tlase e bontša ba bang ba peleamptse ling tsa liaterese tsa IP.
Lethathamo la 1: Examplikarolo tsa liaterese tsa IP

Liaterese tsa IP ho Liaterese tsa IP tse Matheba a Matheba ho Binary

10.34.216.75

00001010.00100010.11011000.01001011

172.16.89.34

10101100.00010000.01011001.00100010

192.168.100.4

11000000.10101000.01100100.00000100

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x 3

Lihlopha tsa Aterese tsa IP

IPv4 Aterese

Hlokomela Liaterese tsa IP tse lethathamong le ka holimo li tsoa ho RFC 1918, Kabo ea Aterese bakeng sa Marang-rang a Poraefete . Liaterese tsena tsa IP ha li khonehe Marang-rang. Li reretsoe ho sebelisoa marang-rang a ikemetseng. Bakeng sa boitsebiso bo eketsehileng ka RFC1918, bona http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1918.txt.
Liaterese tsa IP li arotsoe hape ka likarolo tse peli tse tsejoang e le marang-rang le moamoheli. Karohano e finyelloa ka mefuta e fapaneng ea liaterese tsa IP ho lihlopha. Bakeng sa boitsebiso bo eketsehileng bona RFC 791 Internet Protocol ho http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0791.txt.

Lihlopha tsa Aterese tsa IP
E le ho fana ka sebopeho se itseng ka tsela eo liaterese tsa IP li abeloang ka eona, liaterese tsa IP li hlophisoa ka lihlopha. Sehlopha se seng le se seng se na le mefuta e mengata ea liaterese tsa IP. Lethathamo la liaterese tsa IP sehlopheng ka seng le khethoa ke palo ea li-bits tse abetsoeng karolo ea marang-rang ea aterese ea IP ea 32-bit. Palo ea li-bits tse fanoeng karolong ea marang-rang e emeloa ke mask a ngotsoeng ka li-decimal tse nang le matheba kapa ka khutsufatso / n moo n = lipalo tsa likotoana tsa mask.
Tafole e ka tlase e thathamisa mefuta ea liaterese tsa IP ho latela sehlopha le limaske tse amanang le sehlopha ka seng. Linomoro tse ngotsoeng ka mongolo o motenya li bontša karolo ea marang-rang ea aterese ea IP bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng. Linomoro tse setseng lia fumaneha bakeng sa liaterese tsa IP tsa moamoheli. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, IP address 10.90.45.1 e nang le mask a 255.0.0.0 e arotsoe ho kena atereseng ea IP ea marang-rang ea 10.0.0.0 le aterese ea IP ea 0.90.45.1.
Lethathamo la 2: Mekhahlelo ea Aterese ea IP ka Sehlopha se nang le Li-Mask

Sehlopha

Range

A (lethathamo/mask ka desimali e nang le matheba) 0 .0.0.0 ho isa ho 127.0.0.0/8 (255.0.0.0)

A (range in binary)

00000000 .00000000.00000000.00000000 ho01111111.00000000.00000000.00000000.

A (mask ka binary)

11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000/8

B (lethathamo/mask ka desimali e nang le matheba) 128 .0.0.0 ho isa ho 191.255.0.0/16 (255.255.0.0)

B (range in binary)

10000000 .00000000.00000000.00000000 ho10111111.11111111.00000000.00000000.

B (mask ka binary)

11111111 .11111111.00000000.00000000/16

C (range/mask ka decimal matheba) 192 .0.0.0 ho 223.255.255.0/24 (255.255.255.0)

C (range in binary)

11000000 .00000000.00000000.00000000 ho11011111.11111111.11111111.00000000.

C (mask ka binary)

11111111.11111111.11111111.0000000/24

D1 (range/mask ka decimal matheba) 224 .0.0.0 ho 239.255.255.255/32 (255.255.255.255)

D (range in binary)

11100000 .00000000.00000000.00000000 ho11101111.11111111.11111111.11111111.

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x 4

IPv4 Aterese

Lihlopha tsa Aterese tsa IP

Sehlopha

Range

D (mask ka binary)

11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111/32

E2 (range/mask ka decimal matheba) 240 .0.0.0 ho 255.255.255.255/32 (255.255.255.255)

E (range in binary)

11110000 .00000000.00000000.00000000 ho11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111.

E (mask ka binary)

11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111/32

1 Liaterese tsa IP tsa Sehlopha sa 2 li boloketsoe lits'ebetso tsa multicast. XNUMX Liaterese tsa IP tsa Sehlopha sa E li boloketsoe sephethephethe sa khaso.

Hlokomela Liaterese tse ling tsa IP methating ena li boloketsoe ts'ebeliso e khethehileng. Bakeng sa boitsebiso bo eketsehileng sheba RFC 3330, Liaterese tsa IP tsa Tšebeliso e Khethehileng, ho http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3330.txt.
Ha nomoro e oelang ka har'a mask a marang-rang e fetoha ho tloha ho 1 ho ea ho 0 kapa 0 ho ea ho 1 aterese ea marang-rang e fetoloa. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, haeba u fetola 10101100.00010000.01011001.00100010/16 ho 10101100.00110000.01011001.00100010/16 u fetotse aterese ea marang-rang ho tloha 172.16.89.34/16 ho tloha ho 172.48.89.34 / 16 XNUMX.
Ha nomoro e oelang ka ntle ho mask a marang-rang e fetoha ho tloha ho 1 ho ea ho 0 kapa 0 ho ea ho 1 aterese ea moamoheli e fetoloa. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, haeba u fetola 10101100.00010000.01011001.00100010/16 ho 10101100.00010000.01011001.00100011/16 u fetotse aterese ea moamoheli ho tloha 172.16.89.34/16 ho tloha 172.16.89.35/16 XNUMX.
Sehlopha se seng le se seng sa liaterese tsa IP se tšehetsa mefuta e itseng ea liaterese tsa marang-rang a IP le liaterese tsa IP. Lethathamo la liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa IP tse fumanehang bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng li khethoa ka foromo ea 2 ho ea ho palo ea li-bits tse fumanehang. Tabeng ea liaterese tsa sehlopha sa A, boleng ba karolo ea pele ho octet ea 1 (joalokaha ho bontšitsoe tafoleng e ka holimo) e tsitsitse ho 0. Sena se siea li-bits tse 7 bakeng sa ho theha liaterese tse eketsehileng tsa marang-rang. Ka hona ho na le liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa 128 IP tse fumanehang bakeng sa sehlopha sa A (27 = 128).
Palo ea liaterese tsa IP tse fumanehang bakeng sa sehlopha sa liaterese tsa IP li khethoa ke foromo ea 2 ho matla a palo ea li-bits tse fumanehang ho tlosa 2. Ho na le li-bits tse 24 tse fumanehang sehlopheng sa A liaterese tsa IP. Ka hona ho na le liaterese tsa IP tsa 16,777,214 tse fumanehang bakeng sa sehlopha sa A ((224) - 2 = 16,777,214)).

Hlokomela The 2 e tlositsoe hobane ho na le liaterese tse 2 tsa IP tse ke keng tsa sebelisoa bakeng sa moamoheli. Aterese ea bohle ba 0 e ke ke ea sebelisoa hobane e tšoana le aterese ea marang-rang. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, 10.0.0.0 e ke ke ea ba aterese ea marang-rang ea IP le aterese ea moamoheli oa IP. Aterese ea All 1 ke aterese ea khaso e sebelisoang ho fihlela baamoheli bohle marang-rang. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, le IP datagpheleu e lebisitsoeng ho 10.255.255.255 e tla amoheloa ke moamoheli e mong le e mong ho marang-rang 10.0.0.0.

Tafole e ka tlase e bonts'a marang-rang le liaterese tsa moamoheli tse fumanehang bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng sa aterese ea IP.
Letlapa la 3: Liaterese tsa Marang-rang le tsa Moamoheli Li fumaneha bakeng sa Sehlopha se seng le se seng sa Aterese ea IP

Liaterese tsa Sehlopha sa Marang-rang Liaterese tsa Moamoheli

A 128

16,777,214

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x 5

IP Network Subnetting

IPv4 Aterese

Liaterese tsa Sehlopha sa Marang-rang Liaterese tsa Moamoheli

B 16,3843

65534

C 2,097,1524

254

3 Ke li-bits tse 14 feela tse fumanehang bakeng sa liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa sehlopha sa B IP hobane li-bits tsa pele tse 2 li tsitsitse ho 10 joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo la 2 .
4 Ke li-bits tse 21 feela tse fumanehang bakeng sa liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa sehlopha sa C IP hobane li-bits tsa pele tse 3 li tsitsitse ho 110 joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo la 2 .

IP Network Subnetting
Karohano e sa reroang ea marang-rang le li-host bits litlelaseng tsa liaterese tsa IP ho felletse ka kabo e sa sebetseng ea sebaka sa IP. Bakeng sa mohlalaampLeha ho le joalo, haeba marang-rang a hau a na le likarolo tse 16 tse arohaneng u tla hloka liaterese tsa marang-rang tse 16 tsa IP. Haeba u sebelisa liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa 16 B IP, u tla khona ho ts'ehetsa batho ba 65,534 karolong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea 'mele. Palo eohle ea liaterese tsa IP tse tšehetsoeng ke 1,048,544 (16 * 65,534 = 1,048,544). Litheknoloji tse fokolang haholo tsa marang-rang li ka fihla ho ba le mabotho a 65,534 karolong e le 'ngoe ea marang-rang. Likhamphani tse fokolang haholo li hloka liaterese tsa IP tsa 1,048,544. Bothata bona bo ne bo hloka hore ho hlahisoe leano le lecha le lumelletseng ho aroloa ha liaterese tsa marang-rang a IP ka lihlopha tse nyane tsa liaterese tsa IP subnetwork. Leano lena le tsejoa e le subnetting.
Haeba marang-rang a hau a na le likarolo tse 16 tse arohaneng, o tla hloka liaterese tse 16 tsa marang-rang a IP. Sena se ka etsoa ka aterese ea IP ea sehlopha sa B. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, qala ka aterese ea IP ea sehlopha sa B ea 172.16.0.0 u ka boloka li-bits tse 4 ho tloha ho octet ea boraro e le li-subnet bits. Sena se u fa liaterese tsa IP tse 16 tsa subnet 24 = 16. Tafole e ka tlase e bontša li-subnets tsa IP bakeng sa 172.16.0.0/20.
Lethathamo la 4: Examples ea IP Subnet liaterese sebelisa 172.16.0.0/20

Nomoro ea Liaterese tsa IP tsa Subnet ho Liaterese tse Matheba tsa Decimal IP ho Binary

172.16.0.0

10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000

172.16.16.0

10101100.00010000.00010000.00000000

172.16.32.0

10101100.00010000.00100000.00000000

172.16.48.0

10101100.00010000.00110000.00000000

172.16.64.0

10101100.00010000.01000000.00000000

172.16.80.0

10101100.00010000.01010000.00000000

172.16.96.0

10101100.00010000.01100000.00000000

172.16.112.0

10101100.00010000.01110000.00000000

172.16.128.0

10101100.00010000.10000000.00000000

172.16.144.0

10101100.00010000.10010000.00000000

172.16.160.0

10101100.00010000.10100000.00000000

172.16.176.0

10101100.00010000.10110000.00000000

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x 6

IPv4 Aterese

Likabelo tsa aterese ea marang-rang ea IP

Nomoro ea Liaterese tsa IP tsa Subnet ho Liaterese tse Matheba tsa Decimal IP ho Binary

172.16.192.0

10101100.00010000.11000000.00000000

172.16.208.0

10101100.00010000.11010000.00000000

172.16.224.0

10101100.00010000.11100000.00000000

172.16.240.0

10101100.00010000.11110000.00000000

5 Subnet ea pele e nang le likaroloana tsohle tsa subnet e behiloeng ho 0 e bitsoa subnet 0 . Ha e khethollehe ho tsoa ho aterese ea marang-rang mme e tlameha ho sebelisoa ka hloko.
Ha digit e oelang ka har'a subnetwork (subnet) mask e fetoha ho tloha ho 1 ho ea ho 0 kapa 0 ho ea ho 1 aterese ea subnetwork e fetoloa. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, haeba u fetola 10101100.00010000.01011001.00100010/20 ho 10101100.00010000.01111001.00100010/20 u fetotse aterese ea marang-rang ho tloha 172.16.89.34/20 ho tloha ho 172.16.121.34 / 20 XNUMX.
Ha digit e oelang ka ntle ho subnet mask e fetoha ho tloha ho 1 ho ea ho 0 kapa 0 ho ea ho 1 aterese ea moamoheli ea fetoloa. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, haeba u fetola 10101100.00010000.01011001.00100010/20 ho 10101100.00010000.01011001.00100011/20 u fetotse aterese ea moamoheli ho tloha 172.16.89.34/20 ho tloha 172.16.89.35/20 XNUMX.

Timesaver Ho qoba ho etsa lipalo tsa marang-rang a IP, subnetwork, le lipalo tse amohelang batho, sebelisa e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa mahala tsa IP tse fumanehang Marang-rang.
Batho ba bang ba ferekana ka mantsoe a aterese ea marang-rang le liaterese tsa subnet kapa subnetwork le hore na ba li sebelise neng. Ka kutloisiso e akaretsang lentsoe aterese ea marang-rang e bolela "aterese ea IP eo li-routers li e sebelisang ho tsamaisa sephethephethe ho ea karolong e itseng ea marang-rang e le hore motho ea reretsoeng ho ea sebakeng sa IP ho karolo eo a ka e fumana". Ka hona, lebitso la aterese ea marang-rang le ka sebetsa ho liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa IP tse sa kenngoeng le tse kentsoeng ka tlase. Ha o na le mathata a ho rarolla mathata ka ho fetisa sephethephethe ho tloha ho router ho ea atereseng e itseng ea marang-rang ea IP eo ha e le hantle e leng aterese ea marang-rang ea subnetted, e ka thusa ho bua ka ho toba haholoanyane ka ho bua ka aterese ea marang-rang e le aterese ea marang-rang a marang-rang hobane mekhoa e meng ea tsamaiso e sebetsana le papatso. litsela tsa marang-rang tsa subnet ka ho fapana le litsela tsa marang-rang. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, boits'oaro bo sa feleng bakeng sa RIP v2 ke ho akaretsa liaterese tsa marang-rang a subnet hore e hokahane le liaterese tsa bona tsa marang-rang tseo e seng tsa subnetted (172.16.32.0/24 e phatlalatsoa ke RIP v2 joalo ka 172.16.0.0/16) ha u romella liapdeite tsa marang-rang ho li-routers tse ling. Ka hona, li-routers tse ling li kanna tsa ba le tsebo ea liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa IP marang-rang, empa eseng liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa IP.
Keletso Lereo lena sebaka sa aterese ea IP ka linako tse ling le sebelisoa ho bua ka mefuta e mengata ea liaterese tsa IP. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, "Re tlameha ho fana ka aterese e ncha ea marang-rang a IP ho marang-rang a rona hobane re sebelisitse liaterese tsohle tse teng tsa IP sebakeng sa hona joale sa aterese ea IP".
Likabelo tsa aterese ea marang-rang ea IP
Li-routers li boloka tlaleho ea liaterese tsa marang-rang a IP ho utloisisa marang-rang a IP topology (mohlala oa 3 oa mohlala oa OSI) oa marang-rang ho netefatsa hore sephethephethe sa IP se ka tsamaisoa hantle. E le hore li-routers li utloisise

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x 7

Likabelo tsa aterese ea marang-rang ea IP

IPv4 Aterese

topology ea marang-rang (IP), karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea marang-rang ea 'mele e arohaneng le karolo leha e le efe ea marang-rang ka router e tlameha ho ba le aterese e ikhethang ea marang-rang a IP.
Setšoantšo se ka tlase se bontša example ea marang-rang a bonolo a nang le liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa IP tse hlophisitsoeng hantle. Tafole ea litsamaiso ho R1 e shebahala joalo ka tafole e ka tlase.
Lethathamo la 5: Tafole ea Tsamaiso bakeng sa Marang-rang a Hlophisitsoeng Hantle

Sesebelisoa sa Ethernet0

Sesebelisoa sa Ethernet1

172.31.32.0/24 (E hoketswe) 172.31.16.0/24 (E hoketswe)

Setšoantšo sa 4: Netweke e hlophisitsoeng hantle

Setšoantšo se ka tlase se bontša example ea marang-rang a bonolo a nang le liaterese tsa marang-rang tsa IP tse hlophisitsoeng hampe. Tafole ea litsamaiso ho R1 e shebahala joalo ka tafole e ka tlase. Haeba PC e nang le aterese ea IP 172.31.32.3 e leka ho romela sephethephethe sa IP ho PC ka aterese ea IP 172.31.32.54, router R1 e sitoa ho fumana hore na ke sebopeho sefe seo PC e nang le aterese ea IP 172.31.32.54 e hokahaneng ho sona.
Letlapa la 6: Tafole ea Routing ho Router R1 bakeng sa Marang-rang a Hlophisitsoeng ka mokhoa o Fosahetseng (Ex.ampSetšoantšo sa 1)

Ethernet 0

Ethernet 1

172.31.32.0/24 (E hoketswe) 172.31.32.0/24 (E hoketswe)

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x 8

IPv4 Aterese Setšoantšo sa 5: Marang-rang a Hlophisitsoeng Hantle (ExampSetšoantšo sa 1)

Likabelo tsa aterese ea marang-rang ea IP

Ho thusa ho thibela liphoso joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong se ka holimo, lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tse thehiloeng ho Cisco IOS li ke ke tsa u lumella hore u lokise aterese e tšoanang ea marang-rang a IP ho li-interfaces tse peli kapa ho feta ho router ha IP routing e nolofalitsoe.
Tsela e le 'ngoe feela ea ho thibela phoso e bontšitsoeng setšoantšong se ka tlase, moo 172.16.31.0/24 e sebelisoang ho R2 le R3, ke ho ba le litokomane tse nepahetseng haholo tsa marang-rang tse bontšang moo u faneng ka liaterese tsa marang-rang a IP.
Letlapa la 7: Tafole ea Routing ho Router R1 bakeng sa Marang-rang a Hlophisitsoeng ka mokhoa o Fosahetseng (Ex.ampSetšoantšo sa 2)

Ethernet 0

Lethathamo la 0

172.16.32.0/24 (Hokahane) 192.168.100.4/29 (Hokahane) 172.16.31.0/24 RIP

Lethathamo la 1
192.168.100.8/29 (Hokahane) 172.16.31.0/24 RIP

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x 9

Classless Inter-Domain Routing Figure 6: Incorrectly Configured Network (Ex.ampSetšoantšo sa 2)

IPv4 Aterese

Bakeng sa tlhaloso e feletseng ea ho tsamaisa IP, bona karolo ea "Related Documents" bakeng sa lethathamo la litokomane tse amanang le IP routing.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Ka lebaka la keketseho e tsoelang pele ea tšebeliso ea inthanete le mefokolo ea hore na liaterese tsa IP li ka abeloa joang ho sebelisoa sebopeho sa sehlopha se bontšitsoeng tafoleng e ka holimo, ho ne ho hlokahala mokhoa o bonolo haholoanyane oa ho aba liaterese tsa IP. Mokhoa o mocha o ngotsoe ho RFC 1519 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): Kabelo ea Aterese le Leano la Aggregation. CIDR e lumella batsamaisi ba marang-rang ho sebelisa limaske tse sa reroang ho liaterese tsa IP ho theha moralo oa aterese oa IP o fihlelang litlhoko tsa marang-rang ao ba a tsamaisang.
Bakeng sa lintlha tse ling ka CIDR, sheba RFC 1519 ho http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1519.txt.

Li-prefixes

Lentsoe prefix hangata le sebelisoa ho bolela palo ea likaroloana tsa aterese ea marang-rang ea IP tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho aha

Litokomane / Lisebelisoa

CISCO IOS XE 17 IP Aterese Tlhophiso [pdf] Bukana ea Mosebelisi
IOS XE 17 IP Adressing Configuration, IOS XE 17, IP Adressing Configuration, Adressing Configuration, Configuration

Litšupiso

Bukana ea Mosebelisi

CISCO IOS XE 17 IP Aterese Tlhophiso

Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Aterese ea IP, Cisco IOS XE 17.x

Tlhahisoleseding ya Sehlahiswa

Litaelo tsa Tšebeliso ea Sehlahisoa

LBH

IPv4 Aterese

Li-prefixes

Litokomane / Lisebelisoa

Litšupiso

Tlohela maikutlo

Hlakola karabo