Monitor Audio Cinergy Series
Product Manual
Brand: Monitor Audio
Introduction
The Monitor Audio Cinergy Series was developed to create a new solution for premium home cinema, offering unparalleled installation versatility and uncompromising sound quality for the ultimate cinematic experience. Utilizing advanced audio technologies, superior isolation methods, and an installation-focused design, the Cinergy Series sets a new standard for home cinema audio.
Cinergy combines a legacy of audio and design passion, with integrity and care, to bring cinema perfection home. For additional assistance, videos, and other information, please refer to the Cinergy page on the Monitor Audio website.
Included Accessories
The following accessories are included with the Cinergy Series loudspeakers. Quantities vary by model.
Label | Description | Cinergy 100 Qty | Cinergy 200 Qty | Cinergy 300 Qty | Cinergy Sub15 Qty |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Isolator foot assembly | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
B | Large Head Screw | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
C | Isolator locator | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
D | Bracket isolator assembly | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
E | L shaped bracket | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
F | No 12 (5.5 mm) x 19 mm Screw | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
G | Washer | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
H | Isolation pads | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
I | On Wall/ Joining Bracket | 2 (Fitted) | 4 (Fitted) | 1 | 0 |
J | Port Bung | 2 (Fitted) | 1 (Fitted) | 1 | 0 |
K | Grille | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
L | Plinth | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
M | Spiked foot assembly | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
N | Plinth to cabinet screw (M10 x 40 mm) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
O | Isolation foot to plinth screw (M10 x 30 mm) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
P | Isolation foot to cabinet screw (M10 x 25 mm) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
Diagram: Illustrations of various accessories labeled A through P, including feet, screws, brackets, pads, bungs, grilles, plinths, and spiked feet.
Positioning and Planning
Before installing the Cinergy system, the site or room should be surveyed, considered, and designed. Planning loudspeaker locations early allows for easier installation and a more accurate, engaging listening experience.
Due to the high performance level achievable, room construction, materials, and acoustic treatments may need consideration. This is often addressed during the construction phase, but retrofit soundproofing is also possible.
Room acoustics are critical. Hard, flat surfaces can cause unwanted reflections, making the room sound too "lively" or creating an echo. Conversely, an over-damped room can sound dull. Achieving a balance between under- and over-damping is best done by strategically placing sound-deadening materials, often determined with room measuring equipment.
Amplifier Power Selection
To meet SPL (Sound Pressure Level) requirements, a calculation is needed to determine the appropriate amplifier output power based on the Main Listening Position (MLP) distance and desired SPL level. Three main SPL levels are targeted:
- Reference Level - 105 dB peaks: THX's ultimate sound reference, intended by directors for full dynamic range, from quiet whispers to loud explosions.
- Advanced Level - 102 dB peaks: Close to reference levels, offering almost complete dynamic range for an immersive experience.
- Experience Level - 99dB peaks: An elevated performance level, providing a fully immersive experience.
The graph below shows recommended amplifier power output for each speaker relative to MLP distance from the screen to achieve desired SPL levels.
Diagram: A line graph titled "Power Amplifier Requirement" plotting "Power Amplifier Output into 4 Ohms" on the Y-axis (0-1600W) against "Listening Distance (m)" on the X-axis (2.0-12.0m). Multiple lines represent recommended power for C100 (Experience, Advanced, Reference) and C200/C300 (Experience, Advanced, Reference) at different listening distances. Specific power ratings like 500W, 1000W, 1500W are indicated.
? NOTE: For THX Ultra Reference levels, a minimum of 2 Cinergy Sub15s and an IA750-2 amplifier must be used with the appropriate EQ profiles. Refer to page 8 for subwoofer quantity based on room size and MLP.
⚠️ IMPORTANT: Ensure the correct EQ preset is selected on the amplifier based on the number of Sub15s and amplifiers used.
Front Speaker Height
For front speakers, the tweeter height should be no more than +/-15 degrees relative to ear height at the MLP. This ensures optimal dispersion for the MLP and any additional seating rows.
Diagram: An illustration showing a speaker positioned relative to a seated person's ear height, with an arc indicating a +/- 15-degree range for tweeter placement.
Mid - Tweeter Array Orientation
The mid-tweeter array in all Cinergy loudspeakers can be rotated 90 degrees for horizontal mounting. This is done by loosening the bolt behind the array and rotating it. Tighten the bolt once positioned. The badge can also be rotated.
? NOTE: This adjustment must be carried out prior to installation.
Diagram: A three-step illustration showing the process of rotating the mid-tweeter array. Step 1: Loosening a bolt. Step 2: Rotating the array. Step 3: Tightening the bolt.
Mid - Tweeter Array Location (Cinergy 300 only)
If the installation height makes the mid-tweeter array too high or low for the MLP, it can be repositioned. This involves undoing the bolts behind the mid-tweeter array and the bass unit, disconnecting speaker cables, and swapping them into the new locations. Ensure correct speaker cables are reconnected (they are color-coded).
⚠️ NOTE: This adjustment must be carried out prior to installation.
Diagram: A five-step illustration showing the process of swapping the mid-tweeter array and bass unit on the Cinergy 300.
Acoustic Optimisation
Isolation
Cinergy products feature isolators designed to reduce vibration in connecting structures. The isolation feet consist of three layers: softer top and bottom layers sandwiching a harder middle layer. They are designed to fit M10 bolts or self-tapping screws. A circular cutout on the bottom layer accommodates a locator bung, which screws into a nogging or the floor, allowing the cabinet to be secured at the base without direct screwing into the structure, further minimizing vibration.
Each speaker includes bracket isolator assemblies with L-shaped brackets and bracket isolators (top two layers of isolation feet). Rubber washers help isolate screws from the metal bracket. These are used in stud work with the isolation feet to secure the speaker.
Isolation pads are also included and can be placed on the back or sides of cabinets for isolation, or used for a "Sound Wall" setup (see page 17).
Diagram: Illustrations showing the layered isolation feet and the locator bung. Also shows L-shaped brackets with isolators and rubber washers.
Port Bungs & EQ Profiles
Acoustic optimization for different use cases is achieved using port bungs and EQ profiles, available for Monitor Audio's Custom Installation Amplifiers. These can be downloaded from the product page on the website.
Installation Scenarios:
- Free Standing (Cinergy 300 only): Speaker positioned a short distance from walls.
- In Wall, Solid Baffle (all models): Speaker installed flush with the wall, with a hard baffle material (e.g., plasterboard), resulting in substantial bass boost.
- In Wall, Transparent Baffle (all models): Speaker installed into a structure, with an acoustically transparent material stretched over it. This is acoustically similar to free standing.
- On Wall (all models): Speaker installed onto or flush against a solid wall. This creates a bass boost and a reflection between the wall and speaker front, causing frequency response peaks and dips.
Diagram: A graph titled "Relative SPL (dB)" vs. "Frequency (Hz)" showing response curves for Free Standing, In Wall (Solid Baffle), In Wall (Transparent Baffle), and On Wall positions. A table below lists recommended Port Bung and EQ Profile settings for Cinergy 100, 200, and 300 models across these installation types.
Table Summary:
Model | Free Standing | In Wall (Solid Baffle) | In Wall (Transparent Baffle) | On Wall | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Port Bung | EQ Profile | Port Bung | EQ Profile | Port Bung | EQ Profile | Port Bung | EQ Profile | |
Cinergy 100 | N/A | N/A | Yes | C100 IW Solid Baffle | No | C100 IW Transparent Baffle | Yes | C100 On Wall |
Cinergy 200 | N/A | N/A | Yes | C200 IW Solid Baffle | No | C200 IW Transparent Baffle | Yes | C200 On Wall |
Cinergy 300 (Mid Pod Top) | No | C300 Free Standing | Yes | C300 IW Solid Baffle | No | C300 IW Transparent Baffle | N/A | N/A |
Cinergy 300 (Mid Pod Middle)* | No | C300 Free Standing | Yes | C300 IW Solid Baffle | No | C300 IW Transparent Baffle | N/A | N/A |
* The Cinergy 300 is voiced for the Mid Pod Top position. When the mid pod is in the middle, mid-ranges interact differently with bass drivers, and an optimized EQ profile is provided for the best sound.
Various EQ profiles are available for download on the specific Custom Installation Amplifier page on the Monitor Audio website. An appendix for other brand amplifiers is at the rear of the manual.
Subwoofers
The Cinergy Sub15, a sealed box design, requires an EQ profile for optimal performance. It is tuned, tested, and THX certified to work with the Monitor Audio IA750-2 amplifier, offering different EQ profiles for various use cases and subwoofer configurations.
⚠️ NOTE: For Cinergy Sub15 to meet certified THX standards, the IA750-2 amplifier must be used.
The Cinergy Sub15 is a high-output, compact 15" subwoofer designed for easy room placement. The intention is to install multiple subwoofers to control room modes and leverage placement flexibility. The chart below suggests the minimum number of subwoofers recommended based on listening distance and room size. If your room size is borderline, it's recommended to use more subwoofers.
Running subwoofers at their limits should be avoided to prevent distortion; more subwoofers can increase the system's dynamic ability. This chart assumes the room volume is appropriate for the listening distance; larger rooms may require more subwoofers to drive the entire room air volume.
As a THX Ultra certified subwoofer, a single unit can power a room up to 85m³ with a maximum listening distance of 3.6m. However, for reference levels and highest performance, at least two subwoofers are recommended.
Using multiple subwoofers in arrangements that cancel room modes (e.g., one halfway along each wall, requiring four) can result in a flatter low-frequency response across all seating positions. This may reduce output by approximately 6dB, as areas previously affected by room modes might not receive as much bass, potentially making the MLP up to 6dB quieter depending on room mode placement.
EQ profiles for the Cinergy Sub15 and its partnering amplifier are available for download from the Monitor Audio website. An appendix covers third-party amplifiers.
Table: Number of Cinergy Sub15's for a given MLP Distance from Screen
MLP Distance (m) | Number of Cinergy Sub15's | ||
---|---|---|---|
Experience (109dB) | Advanced (112dB) | Reference (115dB) | |
2.0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
2.5 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
3.0 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
3.5 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
4.0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
4.5 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
5.0 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
5.5 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
6.0 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
6.5 | 4 | 8 | 16 |
7.0 | 4 | 8 | 16 |
Installation
Cinergy 100 & Cinergy 200
The Cinergy 100 and Cinergy 200 can be mounted directly onto a wall (retrofit) or fitted into a wall between studs. They can also be mounted vertically within standard 400mm center studs or horizontally, which may require custom stud work. The installation principles for horizontal and vertical mounting are the same.
In Wall Installation
⚠️ IMPORTANT: When installing within the framework, the speaker must sit on noggings (horizontal braces between studs). Position these so the tweeter aligns with ear height at the MLP.
⚠️ IMPORTANT: If fitting horizontally, the mid-tweeter array must be rotated 90 degrees prior to installation by releasing the bolt behind it. Locators ensure correct orientation, and the badge can also be rotated.
Diagram: Illustrations showing horizontal and vertical in-wall mounting configurations for Cinergy 100 and Cinergy 200 speakers within wall studs.
Installation Steps (Cinergy 100 & 200):
- Using the Locator Bung Template, mark screw hole positions on the nogging for the locators. Templates are provided for horizontal and vertical installations, with different fixing points marked for grille use.
- Fix the locators (C) to the nogging using wood screws (not supplied). Minimum No8 x 30 mm screws are recommended.
- Fit the isolator feet (A) to the bottom of the cabinet using the supplied 4.5 x 25 mm large head screws (B).
- If space allows, fit the supplied isolation pads (H) to the sides of the cabinets to isolate them from the studs.
- Fix the L-shaped brackets (E) to the top of the cabinet using the supplied No12 x 19 mm screws (F) and washers (G). Do not tighten them fully yet.
- Connect the speaker cables to the terminals. ⚠️ IMPORTANT: If bi-wiring or bi-amping, remove the links between the terminals.
- Sit the speaker on the locators.
- Position the bracket isolator (D) between the L-shaped bracket and the stud, securing it with a washer (G) and a standard screw (minimum No8 x 30 mm - not supplied).
- Tighten the L-shaped bracket screws (F) that fix it to the cabinet.
On Wall Installation
Diagram: Illustrations showing marking fixing points on a wall for horizontal and vertical on-wall mounting of Cinergy 100 and Cinergy 200 speakers.
- Using the provided template, mark the fixing points on the wall. This can be horizontal or vertical; two fixing points are needed, but four can be used.
- Drill holes appropriate to the wall construction and fixing method. Fixings are not supplied. Use appropriate screws (not provided), screwing them into the wall/plugs so the screw head protrudes by 10 mm.
- Fit the isolation pads (H) to the back of the cabinet. All pads can be used, or cut for optimum isolation. Recommended positions are illustrated.
- Connect the speaker cables to the terminals and hook the loudspeaker onto the screws. ⚠️ IMPORTANT: If bi-wiring or bi-amping, remove the links between the terminals.
Cinergy 300
The Cinergy 300 can be installed within stud work or free-standing. A plinth is available for improved stability when free-standing. It can also be raised within stud work to ear level, sitting on a raised platform and secured at the top with L-shaped brackets.
Isolation feet can be used with the plinth or directly into the cabinet bottom. Spiked feet are available for carpeted floors.
In Wall Installation (Cinergy 300)
⚠️ IMPORTANT: Depending on MLP height, the mid-tweeter array assembly and bass unit can be swapped over prior to installation. Undo the bolt behind each unit, disconnect cables, and swap them. Ensure correct speaker cables are reconnected (they are color-coded).
? NOTE: Depending on the floor type, isolators or spiked feet can be used. Spikes can screw directly into the cabinet or plinth. If using isolating feet, use isolator locators (C) screwed into the floor/platform first, using the template for correct positioning. Screws are not supplied; use appropriate fixings for the floor type.
- Fit the isolator feet (A) to the bottom of the cabinet using the supplied M10 x 25 mm screws (P). ⚠️ IMPORTANT: Do not walk the cabinet on the feet; lift it into position to avoid damage.
- Fix the L-shaped brackets (E) to the top of the cabinet using the supplied No12 x 19 mm screws (F) and washer (G). Do not tighten fully. ? NOTE: The Cinergy 300 has no pilot holes; use a 3 mm drill bit to create them for bracket securing.
- Connect the speaker cables to the terminals. ⚠️ IMPORTANT: If bi-wiring or bi-amping, remove the links between the terminals.
- Position the loudspeaker on locators. ⚠️ IMPORTANT: Do not walk the cabinet on the feet; lift it into position. ⚠️ IMPORTANT: Due to weight, a 2-person lift is recommended.
- Position the bracket isolator (D) between the L-shaped bracket and stud, securing with a washer (G) and a standard screw (minimum No8 x 30 mm - not supplied).
- Tighten the L-shaped bracket screws (F) that fix it to the cabinet.
Free Standing (Cinergy 300)
When free-standing, the plinth (L) should be fitted. Use either isolator feet (A) or spikes (J) depending on installation. The plinth attaches to the cabinet using M10 x 40 mm (N) bolts, and isolators attach to the plinth using M10 x 30 mm bolts (O).
Diagram: Illustrations showing the plinth fitted to the Cinergy 300 cabinet with isolator feet or spiked feet.
It is possible to screw the Cinergy 300 directly into the floor using the isolator feet. Position the speaker and use a long self-tapping screw (not supplied) through the plinth and foot into the floor.
Cinergy Sub15
The subwoofer should be installed directly on the floor using isolation feet and locators. It will not fit within standard stud widths.
- If using isolating feet, use isolator locators (C) screwed into the floor first, using the template for correct positioning. Screws are not supplied; use appropriate fixings for the floor type.
- Fix the isolating feet (A) to the bottom of the cabinet using the supplied M10 x 25 mm screws (P).
- Fix the L-shaped brackets (E) to the top of the cabinet using the supplied No12 x 19 mm screws (F). Do not tighten fully. ? NOTE: The Cinergy Sub15 has no pilot holes; use a 3 mm drill bit to create them for bracket securing.
- Connect the speaker cables to the terminals.
- Position the loudspeaker on locators. ⚠️ IMPORTANT: Do not walk the cabinet on the feet; lift it into position to avoid damage. ⚠️ IMPORTANT: Due to weight, a 2-person lift is recommended.
- Position the bracket isolator (D) between the L-shaped bracket and stud, securing with a washer (G) and a standard screw (minimum No8 x 30 mm - not supplied).
- Tighten the L-shaped screws (F) that fix it to the cabinet.
Sound Wall
Cinergy 300 and Cinergy Sub15 can be installed together to create a "Sound Wall." This typically involves 3 x Cinergy 300s (left, centre, right) and 4 x Cinergy Sub15s.
Installation (Sound Wall)
The system should be installed within a framework standing on isolation feet, ensuring all speakers and subwoofers are at the same height. They can be installed directly on the floor or on a raised plinth to bring mid-tweeter arrays to ear height. The plinth must support the total weight of the setup (3 x Cinergy 300 and 4 x Cinergy Sub15s).
When positioned side-by-side, the Cinergy 300 and Subs should be joined using supplied plates. Subs should also be joined to the wall using L-shaped brackets, and Cinergy 300s to the stud work.
If speakers are separated by stud work to widen the soundstage or accommodate a larger screen, L-shaped brackets should anchor the loudspeakers to the stud work and/or wall. Flat wall plates can also be used.
Diagram: Illustrations showing the "Sound Wall" configuration with multiple Cinergy 300 speakers and Sub15s installed within a wall framework.
Appendix
3rd Party Amplifier EQ Profiles
Guidance for equalizing Cinergy products with third-party amplifiers is provided below.
Cinergy 100 On Wall EQ
Centre Frequency | Q | Gain (dB) |
---|---|---|
260 Hz | 2.5 | 3 |
600 Hz | 2 | -2.5 |
900 Hz | 3 | 2 |
1330 Hz | 4 | -4 |
Cinergy 200 On Wall EQ
Centre Frequency | Q | Gain (dB) |
---|---|---|
300 Hz | 1.5 | 4 |
600 Hz | 2 | -1 |
Cinergy 300 In Wall (MPT) EQ
Centre Frequency | Q | Gain (dB) |
---|---|---|
150 Hz | 0.8 | -2.5 |
740 Hz | 1.2 | 1.5 |
1800 Hz | 2 | -0.5 |
Cinergy 300 In Wall (MPM) EQ
Centre Frequency | Q | Gain (dB) |
---|---|---|
190 Hz | 1.8 | -3 |
800 Hz | 1.2 | 3 |
The Cinema Designer
The Cinema Designer is a powerful tool from Monitor Audio that details the Cinergy loudspeakers, enabling users to design the ultimate home cinema system. It can be used for room design, acoustic treatment requirements, and speaker configurations and layouts.
Warranty
Monitor Audio Ltd offers a Lifetime Warranty on selected Custom Installation speaker range products. This applies to the first end-user purchaser buying from an authorized Monitor Audio Dealer/Distributor. Monitor Audio guarantees products against defective workmanship and materials for their lifetime. At its discretion, Monitor Audio will repair or replace the product using new or refurbished parts. Monitor Audio's liability will not exceed the purchase price.
The Lifetime Warranty is applicable only if the system is installed by a Monitor Audio Group certified professional. Proof of purchase, installation, and maintenance agreement may be required.
Specifications
Specification | Cinergy 100 | Cinergy 200 | Cinergy 300 | Cinergy Sub15 |
---|---|---|---|---|
THX Certification | THX® Certified Ultra | THX® Certified Ultra | THX® Certified Ultra | THX® Certified Ultra (with 2 x Cinergy Sub15's) |
System Format | 3 Way | 3 Way | 3 Way | N/A |
Sensitivity (2.83 Vrms @ 1 M) | 89 dB | 90 dB | 90 dB | 86 dB @ 100 Hz |
Maximum Linear SPL**** (@1 m, free space) | Continuous 103 dB, Peak 116 dB | Continuous 109 dB, Peak 122 dB | Continuous 109 dB, Peak 122 dB | Continuous 109 dB, Peak 120 dB |
Power Handling (R.M.S) | Continuous 200 W, Peak* 800 W | Continuous 350 W, Peak* 1400 W | Continuous 350 W, Peak* 1400 W | Continuous 600 W, Peak* 1500 W (Band limited***) |
Nominal Impedance | 4 Ohms | 4 Ohms | 4 Ohms | 4 Ohms |
Minimum Impedance (20 Hz - 20 kHz) | 3.8 Ohms | 3.8 Ohms | 3.8 Ohms | 4 Ohms |
Recommended Low Frequency Crossover Frequency | 80 - 100 Hz (High Pass) | 80 - 100 Hz (High Pass) | 40 - 80 Hz (High Pass) | 40 - 100 Hz (Low Pass) |
Recommended Amp Requirements (R.M.S) | 100 - 800 W (IA125-4 or IA750-2) | 200 - 1400 W (IA125-4 or IA750-2) | 200 - 1400 W (IA125-4 or IA750-2) | Must be used with IA750-2 or 750-4 running C Sub Profile |
Bass Alignment | Ported** | Ported** | Ported** | Sealed |
Port Tuning Frequency | 67 Hz** | 47 Hz** | 38 Hz** | N/A |
LF Extension, In Wall, With Port Bungs (-6 dB) | 48 Hz | 47 Hz | 42 Hz | N/A |
LF Extension, In Free Space, No Port Bungs (-6 dB) | 65 Hz | 47 Hz | 42 Hz | 17 Hz (IA750-2) |
HF Extension (-6 dB) | >30 kHz | >30 kHz | >30 kHz | N/A |
Drive Unit Complement | 1 x 8" RDT Driver 1 x 2.5" C-CAM Driver 1 x MPD Transducer | 2 x 8" RDT Driver 2 x 2.5" C-CAM Driver 1 x MPD Transducer | 2 x 8" RDT Driver 2 x 2.5" C-CAM Driver 1 x MPD Transducer | 1 x 15" Ultra high Excursion C-CAM Driver |
External Dimensions (Cabinet Only) (H x W x D) | 460 x 350 x 160 mm 18 1/8 x 13 3/4 x 6 5/16 inch | 904 x 300 x 160 mm 35 9/16 x 11 13/16 x 6 5/16 inch | 1080 x 300 x 240 mm 42 1/2 x 11 13/16 x 9 7/16 inch | 540 x 540 x 280 mm 21 1/4 x 21 1/4 x 11 inch |
External Dimensions (Inc Grille) (H x W x D) | 460 x 350 x 174.1 mm 18 1/8 x 13 3/4 x 6 7/8 inch | 904 x 300 x 173.6 mm 35 9/16 x 11 13/16 x 6 13/16 inch | 1080 x 300 x 253.6 mm 42 1/2 x 11 13/16 x 10 inch | N/A |
Max External Dimensions (Inc all Fittings) (H x W x D) | 460 x 350 x 174.1 mm 18 1/8 x 13 3/4 x 6 7/8 inch | 904 x 300 x 173.6 mm 35 9/16 x 11 13/16 x 6 13/16 inch | 1132 x 438 x 253.6 mm 44 9/16 x 17 1/4 x 10 inch | 567 x 540 x 280 mm 22 5/16 x 21 1/4 x 11 inch |
Product Weight | 18.4 Kg 40 lb 8 oz | 30 Kg 66 lb | 40.4 Kg 88 lb 14 oz | 38.5 Kg 84 lb 12 oz |
* Calculated from a peak voltage, this is not a true power figure but useful for comparisons.
** When used in an In-Wall or On-Wall configuration, it is recommended to use the fitted port bungs to control bass output, effectively making the product a sealed box.
*** Band limited with Low pass at 200 Hz; should only be used with IA750-2 and the correct speaker profile.
**** Tested with a music-like noise signal with distortion and power compression remaining below audible limits.
THX® Certified Loudspeakers. THX® and the THX® Logo are the property of THX® Ltd., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Contact Information
Monitor Audio
24 Brook Road
Rayleigh, Essex
SS6 7XJ
England
T: +44 (0)1268 740580
E: info@monitoraudio.com
W: monitoraudio.com
©Monitor Audio Ltd. V2-2023
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