The Rome E-Bike by Daymak

About Daymak

DAYMAK INC. is a developer, importer, and distributor of alternative energy and fuel-efficient vehicles. The company operates a distribution network of 10 retail stores, two of which are corporately owned, and 50 dealers primarily in Ontario. Daymak possesses the expertise and knowledge to manage product development from concept to commercialization, encompassing design, testing, manufacturing, and sales. The company is currently developing and launching its proprietary Daymak Drive™ Technology. For more information, please visit www.daymak.com.

Introduction

E-Bikes

Riding an electric bicycle is a convenient and affordable way to travel around town, representing a natural progression in urban transportation. E-bikes use minimal electricity, significantly reducing urban pollution and operating very quietly, thus not contributing to noise pollution. They are easy and often free to park, making them practical additions to the urban landscape. E-bikes are also inexpensive, typically requiring no registration, insurance, or license, and incurring no parking charges. Compared to internal combustion engines, electric motors have fewer moving parts and require less maintenance.

Your Daymak e-bike is the result of Daymak's years of experience, the highly trained technical skills of its staff, and careful design work by its engineers. Daymak hopes you enjoy using the product and welcomes feedback.

New Laws

Many Canadian provinces, U.S. states, the United Kingdom, and European countries have introduced laws permitting electric motors to assist bicycle operation. It is recommended to check with your provincial or state government for local laws. This manual includes a synopsis of common Canadian provincial regulations governing e-bikes.

This Guide

The information in this guide is subject to change without notice. For the latest information, contact your local Daymak dealer or visit the website. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and completeness, users are encouraged to report any missing, incomplete, or incorrect information.

Liability

Daymak is not liable for damages, loss of profits, or third-party claims arising from improper use of the product. Daymak is also not liable for damages resulting from service performed by unauthorized third parties.

Bicycle Part Diagrams

Diagram 1: The Rome E-Bike

An illustration of the Daymak Rome E-Bike, showing its overall design. Numbered callouts indicate the following parts: 1. Seat, 2. Rear Compartment (not shown), 3. Taillight, 4. Rear Mudguard/Fairing, 5. Rear Wheel, 6. Rear Shock Absorber, 7. Hub Motor, 8. Controller (inside), 9. Kickstand, 10. Battery (inside), 11. Battery Carrier (with lock), 12. Battery charger slot, 13. Front Shock Absorber, 14. Wheel Rims, 15. Tire, 16. Front Mud Guard, 17. Headlight, 18. On / Off key switch, 19. Handlebars, 20. Pedals, 21. Seat Compartment.

Diagram 2: The Handlebars and Controls

An illustration of the handlebar and control area of the e-bike. Numbered callouts indicate: 1. Accelerator, 2. Front brake controller, 3. Rear brake controller, 4. Speedometer, 5. Horn, 6. Blinker lights, 7. Headlight Switch, 8. Battery indicator, 9. Power indicator.

Riding Instructions

This guide assumes familiarity with riding a standard bicycle. Before riding an electric bicycle, ensure you are comfortable with controlling and balancing a regular bicycle.

⚠️ Caution: If you lack cycling experience, an e-bike is too dangerous. Do not use an e-bike to learn how to ride a bicycle.

Important Notes

• E-Bikes are Fast! E-bikes can reach higher speeds than many cyclists are accustomed to. Exercise caution at all times, especially in mixed traffic, and consider driving and traveling conditions.
• Obey the Law. Adhere to all provincial and city traffic laws, including obeying stop signs, checking for turns, and riding defensively. An e-bike is a motorized vehicle, even if classified as a bicycle, and must follow traffic laws.
• Stay Sober. Never ride while intoxicated. E-bikes can travel faster than normal bicycles, and maintaining control is essential.
• Share the Road. Be mindful in mixed traffic. On bicycle paths or recreational trails, be polite and courteous to other users. E-bikes are relatively new, and others may not be familiar with them. E-bike riders act as ambassadors for this mode of transportation.

Items to Carry with the E-Bike

It is advisable to carry the following items when riding your e-bike:

• The charger, for recharging the battery if power runs out.
• A lock, to secure your e-bike when parked.
• A helmet, as required by safety laws.

Inspecting your E-Bike

Always inspect your e-bike before riding to ensure safety features are operational. Routine inspections can prevent many accidents. As you become familiar with your e-bike, you will notice subtle changes in its feel. If any changes occur, have it examined by a professional. Listen for changes in sounds, as these may indicate mechanical or power issues.

Holding the Handlebars

Similar to a regular bicycle or gas scooter, place your fingers over the brake levers and wrap your thumbs around the handlegrips. This allows for easy brake activation by squeezing your hand, enabling quick stops. This is the safe method for controlling your electric bicycle.

Turning your E-Bike On and Off

To turn on your e-bike, insert the key into the ignition (located below the dashboard) and turn it to the right. The power indicator will light up, and the battery charge indicator will show the available battery power.

To turn off the e-bike, turn the key to the left and remove it.

⚠️ Warning: Activating the e-bike makes the electrical system live. Do not attempt to modify the e-bike (e.g., remove the battery or repair components) while it is activated. Turn the e-bike off and remove the key before accessing electrical components. The battery carries a significant electric charge and can cause injury if not handled with respect.

Accelerating and Decelerating

The throttle is located on the right-side handlebar grip. Turn the grip forward (away from you) to accelerate. To decelerate, release the grip (turn it towards you). Avoid over-rotating the accelerator, as this can damage the battery and electrical components.

⚠️ Warning: Do not activate the accelerator until you are seated and ready to move. The e-bike can easily escape control, potentially causing injury or damage.

Stopping

Your e-bike is equipped with front and rear brakes. The levers on the handlebars activate the brakes when pulled towards you. Using both brakes provides quicker stopping, while using one brake allows for a gentler stop.

ℹ️ Note: When the brakes are activated, the engine power automatically turns off until the brakes are released, ensuring a safe stop.

Safety Tips

• In wet weather, brakes may function less efficiently due to reduced friction. Slow down and allow more stopping room.
• Regularly check your brakes and brake pads. Brake pads wear down with use and will eventually need replacement.

Signalling

You can signal and warn others using sound and light signals.

The Horn

The e-bike has a horn. Press the horn button on the left handlebar to activate it.

Turning Signal Lights

Turn signal lights are activated by a switch on the left handlebar. Push left or right to indicate your turn direction. Press the middle of the button to turn them off.

ℹ️ Note: Turn signals emit an audible sound to alert others. This sound cannot be disabled independently of the visual signal.

Lights

The headlight and taillight improve safety in dark or night conditions. The switch is located on the left handlebar.

ℹ️ Note: Lights consume electricity, potentially reducing travel distance by about 5%.

Pedaling and Weather Riding

Pedaling

This e-bike is designed as a motor-assisted bicycle. While the motor can be used independently, pedaling in conjunction with the motor increases travel distance by assisting the motor and reducing battery draw.

Riding in Wet Weather

The e-bike is designed for wet conditions, but the rear motor can cause slipping at high speeds. Avoid high speeds in very wet conditions. Water can reduce brake efficiency; slow down and allow more stopping distance. Ensure water levels do not exceed the middle of the tire to prevent water from entering the motor, which can cause short-circuits and damage.

Riding in Cold Weather

The e-bike is designed for year-round use. However, in very cold conditions or snow/slush, the motor can get wet, and brakes may be less efficient. Below 10 degrees Celsius, battery performance decreases. While Lithium-Ion batteries perform better in temperature extremes, both types experience reduced performance. Cold temperatures may also necessitate earlier battery replacement.

Operating Instructions

Using the Rear Storage Compartment

The rear storage compartment is opened with the provided key. Turn the key to the right to open and to the left to lock. This compartment is suitable for storing the charger, cables, or a U-lock for security.

Opening the Seat Trunk

Insert the key into the ignition and turn it fully to the left. The seat will pop open. To close, ensure the locking mechanism is clear and push the seat down firmly until it clicks. The seat trunk will not open if occupied.

Parking and Locking your E-Bike

To park your e-bike:

1. Stop the e-bike and position it as desired.
2. Get off, ensuring the e-bike remains balanced.
3. Stand to the side and slightly behind the e-bike.
4. Hold the kickstand with one foot and grip the rear basket bracket.
5. Pull the back of the seat up and towards you; the e-bike will move backward, supported by the kickstand.
6. Lock the e-bike to a secure object through the rear wheel frame or a metal frame component.

⚠️ Warning: Do not let your e-bike drop or fall, as this can damage the exterior and internal components.

Maximum Load and Storage

Maximum Load

Do not exceed the e-bike's maximum load capacity (refer to technical specifications). Exceeding the load limit can reduce performance and damage shocks, the mechanism, the frame, or the motor.

Disconnecting the Circuit Breaker

To disconnect power from the battery, follow these steps:

1. Open the seat compartment.
2. Locate the circuit breaker switch.
3. Activate the switch to disable power.

Long-Term Storage of your E-Bike

For long-term storage, disconnect the circuit breaker to prevent accidental activation. The circuit breaker is located within the battery case, between the battery and the controller. Refer to the 'Battery' section for maintenance during storage.

The Battery

Handle your e-bike's electrical systems with respect. The dashboard includes a battery charge indicator.

Battery Power

The battery charge indicator on the dashboard shows the current battery level. Charge the e-bike if the power has dropped significantly.

Distance and Power

The battery typically provides a range of 35 to 50 km per charge. Range is affected by rider weight, wind resistance, driving habits, terrain (hills), and tire pressure.

Saving Power

To conserve electricity on longer rides:

• Coasting: Utilize momentum on downhill or flat surfaces without drawing motor power.
• Stopping and Starting: Minimize stop-and-go movements, as starting from a standstill consumes more power.
• Weight: Remove unnecessary weight from the bike to reduce motor load.
• Air Pressure: Ensure tires have proper air pressure to reduce drag and increase efficiency.
• Head and Tail Lights: Turn off lights when safe to do so, as they can reduce travel distance by approximately 5%.
• Pedaling: Assist acceleration from a stop by pedaling.

Charging your E-Bike

To charge your e-bike, you will need:

• The provided charger.
• A 110V household electrical outlet.

⚠️ Charger Warning: Only use the charger supplied with your e-bike. Using an incompatible charger can irreparably damage the e-bike's battery and electrical systems, and may cause injury.

Charging Steps:

1. Turn off the e-bike and remove the key from the ignition.
2. Plug the charger's female end into the e-bike's charging slot (located on the outside casing, below the seat).
3. Plug the charger's male end into a 110V household electrical outlet or a compatible generator.
4. Allow the e-bike to charge for 3-8 hours.
5. Disconnect the charger when the LED light turns green, indicating a full charge.

ℹ️ Note: If the charger's LED light remains red for over 14 hours and the battery becomes very hot, the battery or charger may need replacement. Stop charging immediately and consult your Daymak dealer.

Battery Care

Follow these suggestions for optimal battery performance and lifespan:

• Charge it: Charge your battery immediately after riding.
• Full Charge: Avoid storing the battery completely depleted. This significantly reduces lifespan and can cause damage.
• Keep it Charged: When storing, charge the battery occasionally (e.g., once every 21 days) to prevent power loss.
• Storage Conditions: Store the battery on a flat, cool, dry surface. Avoid temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius for extended periods.

⚠️ Warning: DO NOT place your Lead-Acid battery on concrete. Concrete drains battery power and neutralizes the lead-acid, potentially causing loss of storage capacity.

Cold Weather and your Battery

Below 10 degrees Celsius, battery performance decreases. While Lithium-Ion batteries are more resilient, both types experience reduced performance in extreme cold. Repeated riding in cold temperatures may shorten battery life.

Handling the Battery

The battery contains significant electrical power. Handle it with caution and respect to avoid serious injury.

⚠️ WARNING! Follow these instructions closely and handle your battery with care.

• Lift and carry the battery with care. Never drop it, as a damaged case can leak contents.
• Never puncture or open the battery case. Contents are dangerous and may cause injury. Seek immediate help if a battery is leaking.
• Do not touch both metal poles on the battery box simultaneously, as this can cause a short-circuit, injury, or damage to the e-bike's electrical systems.
• Do not handle the battery or yourself if wet. Water conducts electricity and can cause electric shock.

Replacement and Disposal

A lead-acid battery typically needs replacement after approximately 300 charges, while a lithium-ion battery lasts about 1500 charges. Reduced charge capacity indicates the need for replacement. Contact your local Daymak dealer for a new battery. Dispose of old batteries at a municipal recycling facility or consult your Daymak dealer.

⚠️ Warning: Ensure you replace the battery with an identical or very similar model. Changing battery format or power levels requires advanced electrical knowledge and can cause irreparable damage if done improperly. Using the wrong battery type will void your warranty.

Technical Data

Basic Statistics

Dimensions: Wheel Size: 3.0" x 16, Body Size: 169 x 41 x 109 cm, Seat Height: 75 cm (29")

Weight: 44 kg without battery, 80 kg with battery

Loading Capacity: Standard: 75 kg, Maximum: 100 kg

Speed and Mileage: Max. Speed: 32 km/h, Max. Mileage: 55-60 km

Electrical System Statistics

Motor Statistics

Rated Power: 500W, Voltage: 48V, Rated rolled speed: 200 RPM, Working efficiency: 70-80%, Torque: 32-55 Nm, Max. Climbing Angle: 20 Degrees

Controller Statistics

Model: D-125, Input voltage: 48V, Low Protective Voltage: >43.5V, Excess Current Protection: <17A

Charger Statistics

Charger Input: AC 100 – 240V, Standard Input voltage: 110V +/- 10%, Output: DC 48V, BM-online, Charger output voltage: 43.8 +/- 10%, 50Hz, Power Rated: 80W, Voltage Charge: 43.2 – 44.2V, Charge Current: 2.5A +/- 0.02A, Charge Time: 3-6 hours

Battery Statistics

Type: Sealed Lead Acid Battery, Rated Voltage: 48V, Rated Power: 20AH, Battery Life: 300 charges, Number: 4 battery units in series, Dimensions: 17cm x 9.8cm x 11cm, Weight: 6 kg each, total 24 kg, Standard Capacity: 12V x 17 AH, Rated Total Capacity: 500Wh

Wiring Diagram

A schematic illustrating the electrical system. It shows connections between the AC 220V/110V Charger, Battery (with a 2A fuse), Controller, Hub Motor, Accelerator, and Brakes (which cut off power). A 20A fuse is shown between the battery and the controller. The diagram indicates the flow of power and control signals.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

ℹ️ Note: Many parts are not user-serviceable and require professional repair, especially electrical and mechanical components. Altering these components voids the warranty.

Tire Pressure

Maintain correct tire pressure for optimal performance and to prevent damage. Cold weather lowers pressure, while warm weather increases it. To add air:

1. Check the tire sidewall for the recommended pressure.
2. Locate the air valve on the inner rim.
3. Remove the valve cap.
4. Attach the air pump nozzle to the valve.
5. Inflate the tire to the recommended pressure, avoiding over-inflation.
6. Remove the pump nozzle carefully.
7. Replace the valve cap.

ℹ️ Note: Proper tire pressure allows for greater travel distance by reducing motor workload.

Replacing Flat Tires

Replacing flat tire tubes is more complex on e-bikes than regular bicycles, requiring tools, skill, and patience. The front wheel is easier to service than the rear wheel, which is connected to the hub motor and other mechanical parts. If you are unfamiliar with the rear motor components, attempting a rear tire change can cause serious problems. Contact your Daymak dealer for instructions or assistance with tire replacement.

The Brakes

The drum and hydraulic brakes are critical safety features. Test them regularly. If stopping power decreases or brakes feel loose, consult your Daymak dealer. Brakes may require servicing, such as pad replacement (typically after 1-1.5 years) or cable tension adjustment.

Self-servicing brakes requires extensive experience with drum and hydraulic systems. Do not attempt if unsure.

Adjusting the Brake Cable Tension

To adjust drum brake cable tension:

1. Locate the wing nut on the drum brake.
2. Turn clockwise to tighten, counter-clockwise to loosen.
3. Adjust until brakes provide adequate stopping power but allow the wheel to spin freely when not engaged.

⚠️ Warning: Ensure brakes are sufficiently tight. Loose brakes can fail, preventing proper stopping.

Servicing the Battery

Refer to "The Battery" section for battery servicing information.

Battery Fuse, Motor, Chain, and Shock Absorbers

The Battery Fuse

A fuse protects the e-bike's electrical systems from over-use and power surges. It is located on the battery where the power cable attaches.

Total Loss of Power

If the fuse blows, all electrical input ceases, and the battery will not recharge, even if the charger light shows green. To replace the fuse:

1. Turn off the e-bike.
2. Remove the battery.
3. Turn the fuse case clockwise to remove it.
4. Replace the old fuse with a new 30A cylindrical fuse (check the old fuse for specifications).
5. Replace the battery.
6. Restart the e-bike.

ℹ️ Note: It is advisable to carry a spare 30A fuse.

The Motor

Do not service the motor yourself. Bring the e-bike to your Daymak dealer for service, as motor repair requires significant expertise. Suggested maintenance is every 100 running hours.

The Chain

Ensure the chain is well-oiled and lubricated for proper function.

Shock Absorbers and Comfort

If the ride feels bumpier than usual, check tire pressure first, as low pressure can affect comfort. If the problem persists, take your e-bike to your Daymak dealer for servicing.

Bringing in your E-Bike for Service

Do not attempt to service electronic or mechanical parts unless you are confident in your understanding of electrical and mechanical equipment. If the e-bike is not performing correctly, disconnect the circuit breaker and bring it to your local Daymak dealer. Do not store the e-bike without disconnecting the circuit breaker.

Liability: Daymak is not responsible for damage or injuries resulting from errors due to improperly serviced parts.

E-Bikes and Canadian Law

Jurisdictions Legalizing E-Bikes

Eight Canadian jurisdictions (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Yukon Territory) have legalized power-assisted bicycles for public road use, treating them as conventional bicycles, not motor vehicles. This means no insurance, registration, or licenses are required, provided e-bike technical specifications meet certain parameters.

New Ontario Regulations

Ontario was running a pilot program (ending in 2009) to determine e-bike regulations. The rules are generally similar to other Canadian provinces. It is recommended to keep a copy of this bulletin handy when traveling, to show to traffic authorities if unfamiliar with e-bike regulations.

Definition of an E-Bike

An e-bike is a bicycle with a battery-powered electric motor (not exceeding 500 watts) that assists the rider up to 32 km/h. It can also be ridden like a standard bicycle. Power assistance makes pedaling easier, increases distance, aids hill climbing, and improves riding against the wind. E-bikes are similar to conventional bicycles in size, weight, speed, and required skills, provided they meet the Motor Vehicle Safety Act requirements.

Traveling by E-Bike

E-bikes can be ridden anywhere bicycles are permitted, including paths where municipal by-laws allow bicycles. However, they are prohibited on controlled-access highways (e.g., 400 series highways, Queen Elizabeth Way) and municipal roads where bicycles are banned by by-laws (e.g., some sidewalks).

Who Can Ride an E-Bike

Anyone 16 years of age or older, wearing an approved bicycle helmet at all times, can ride an e-bike.

Specific Riding Requirements

General Requirements

Power-assisted bicycles are treated as bicycles, meaning:

• No driver's license is required.
• No written test is required.
• No vehicle registration or license plate is required.
• No motor vehicle liability insurance is required.
• Operators must be 16 years of age or older.
• All persons must wear an approved bicycle helmet.
• Only e-bikes conforming to federal Motor Vehicle Safety Act regulations and labeled as "power-assisted bicycles" are eligible for pilot programs.

Equipment

A power-assisted bicycle (e-bike) must have:

• Steering handlebars and pedals.
• A design primarily for muscular propulsion, with no more than three wheels.
• An electric motor with a power output of 500W or less, incapable of propelling the cycle at 32 km/h or greater on level ground without pedaling.
• A label indicating it is a "Power-Assisted Bicycle".

Safety Equipment

E-bikes require the same safety equipment as bicycles under the Highway Traffic Act:

• Proper lights.
• Proper brakes.
• Proper bell.

Bicycle Helmets

Wearing an approved bicycle helmet is mandatory for all e-bike operators, with no age exemptions.

Fines and Penalties

Violations of road rules and equipment standards applicable to bicyclists also apply to e-bike riders. Offences related to pilot programs (e.g., riding under 16 or without a helmet) may incur higher fines, ranging from $250 to $2,500.

Drinking and Driving

Operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated is a Criminal Code offense. While an e-bike might be considered a "motor vehicle" under the Criminal Code, this pilot regulation treats it as a bicycle under the Highway Traffic Act, meaning penalties for impaired driving under that act may not apply. However, impaired driving charges under the Criminal Code could still be laid.

TPS Training Bulletin

This bulletin addresses inquiries from officers and the public regarding the definition of a Power Assisted Bicycle (e-bike), noting potential confusion.

According to Ontario Regulation 473/06, an e-bike meeting the definition is not considered a motor vehicle under the Highway Traffic Act and is treated as a bicycle. Persons 16 years and older wearing a helmet may ride an e-bike on the highway without a driver's license, permit, or insurance.

Key requirements for an e-bike designation include being "capable of being propelled by muscular power" and bearing a permanent manufacturer's label stating it is a "power assisted bicycle". Pedals must be attached and functional during operation.

O. Reg 473 references federal Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations for definitions.

Contact Information:
Rick Line, TC 4365,
TPS Training & Education Unit,
Traffic & Provincial Statutes Section,
C.O. Bick College,
4620 Finch Ave. E.,
Scarborough, On, M1S-4G2
Ph: 416-808-4877

"Committed to Lifelong Learning"