The Austin E-Bike By Daymak

About Daymak

DAYMAK INC. is a developer, importer, and distributor of alternative energy and fuel-efficient vehicles. It operates a distribution network of 10 retail stores (two corporate-owned) and 50 dealers, primarily in Ontario. Daymak possesses expertise from concept to commercialization, covering design, testing, manufacturing, and sales. The company is developing its proprietary Daymak Drive™ Technology. For more information, please visit http://www.daymak.com.

Copyright 2008, Daymak Inc. All materials in this guide are the copyright property of Daymak, Inc. Reproduction requires written permission from Daymak.

Introduction

E-Bikes

Riding an electric bicycle is a convenient and economical way to travel, representing a natural progression in urban transportation. Using minimal electricity, e-bikes help reduce pollution and are very quiet. They are easy and often free to park, making them practical additions to the urban landscape. E-bikes are also inexpensive, typically requiring no registration, insurance, or license, and no parking charges. Compared to internal combustion engines, electric motors have fewer moving parts and require less maintenance. Your Daymak e-bike is the result of Daymak's experience and engineering expertise.

New Laws

Many provinces in Canada, US states, the UK, and European countries have introduced laws permitting electric motors to assist bicycles. Users should consult their local provincial or state government for specific regulations.

This Guide

The information in this guide may be subject to change without notice. For the latest information, please contact your local Daymak dealer or visit the Daymak website. Daymak has taken measures to ensure accuracy and completeness but welcomes any corrections.

Liability

Daymak does not assume liability for damages, loss of profits, or claims from third parties due to improper use of this product. Daymak is also not liable for damages resulting from service by a third party not certified by Daymak.

Bicycle Part Diagrams

Diagram 1: The Austin E-Bike

This diagram illustrates the various parts of the bicycle. Key components include: 1. Seat, 2. Rear Compartment, 3. Taillight, 4. Rear Mudguard/Fairing, 5. Rear Wheel, 6. Rear Shock Absorber, 7. Hub Motor, 8. Controller (inside), 9. Kickstand, 10. Battery (inside), 11. Battery Carrier (with lock), 12. Battery charger slot, 13. Front Shock Absorber, 14. Wheel Rims, 15. Tire, 16. Front Mud Guard, 17. Headlight, 18. On / Off key switch, 19. Handlebars, 20. Pedals, 21. Seat Compartment (spare battery). Many parts, especially electrical and mechanical systems, are not user-serviceable and require repair by trained professionals.

Diagram 2: The Handlebars and Controls

This diagram illustrates the control mechanism and display. Key components include: 1. Accelerator, 2. Front brake controller, 3. Rear brake controller, 4. Speedometer, 5. Horn, 6. Blinker lights, 7. Headlight Switch, 8. Battery indicator, 9. Power indicator.

Riding Instructions

This guide assumes you are familiar with riding a standard bicycle. Before riding an electric bicycle, ensure you are comfortable with controlling and balancing a normal bicycle.

⚠️ Caution: If you do not have cycling experience, an e-bike is too dangerous to ride. Do not begin learning to ride a bicycle using an e-bike.

Important Notes

• E-Bikes are Fast! E-bikes can travel at higher speeds than many bicycle riders are accustomed to. Use caution at all times, especially in mixed traffic, and consider driving and traveling conditions.
• Obey the Law. Follow all provincial and city traffic laws, including stop signs, careful turning, and defensive riding. An e-bike is a motorized vehicle, even if classed as a bicycle.
• Stay Sober. Never ride your bicycle while intoxicated. An e-bike travels faster than a normal bicycle, and you must remain in control.
• Share the Road. Be careful in mixed traffic. On bicycle paths or recreational trails, be polite and courteous. E-bikes are new, so other users may not know how to interact with them. E-bike riders act as "ambassadors" for this new transportation method.

Items to Carry with the E-Bike

It is advisable to carry the following items at all times:

• The charger, for recharging if the battery runs out.
• A 30 Amp Fuse, as a spare for the battery.
• A lock, to secure your e-bike when parked.
• A helmet, as required by safety laws.

Inspecting your E-Bike

Always inspect your e-bike before riding to ensure safety features are operating properly. Many accidents can be avoided with routine inspections. Once comfortable, you will notice small changes in the bike's feel or sounds. If anything changes, have it properly examined. Listen for changes in sounds, as mechanical or power issues may affect them.

Operating Instructions

Holding the Handlebars

As with a normal bicycle or gas scooter, place your fingers over the brake levers, wrapping your palms and thumbs around the handlegrips. This allows for easy brake activation by squeezing your hand, essential for quick stops.

Turning your E-Bike On and Off

To turn on your e-bike, insert the key into the "ignition" (located below the dashboard) and turn it to the right. The power indicator will light up, and the battery charge indicator will show the available power. To turn off, turn the key to the left and remove it.

❗ Warning: When the e-bike is activated, the electrical system becomes live. Do not attempt to make changes (e.g., removing the battery or repairing components) while activated. Turn the e-bike off and remove the key before accessing electrical components. The battery carries a significant electric charge and can cause injury if not handled properly.

Accelerating and Decelerating

The throttle is on the right-side hand grip. Turn the grip forward (away from you) to accelerate. To decelerate, release the grip (turn it towards you). Do not over-rotate the accelerator, as this can damage the battery and electrical components.

❗ Warning: Do not activate the accelerator until you are seated and ready to accelerate. The e-bike can easily escape control, potentially causing injury or damage.

Stopping

Your e-bike has front and rear brakes, activated by levers on the handlebars. Pull the levers toward you to brake. Using both brakes stops more quickly; one brake allows a gentler stop.

? Note: When brakes are activated, engine power is automatically turned off until brakes are released, ensuring safe stopping.

Safety Tips for Stopping

• In wet weather, brakes may be less efficient due to reduced friction. Slow down and allow more stopping room.
• It is good practice to have your brakes and brake pads checked regularly, as pads wear down and require replacement over time.

Signalling

You can signal and warn other road users using sound and light signals.

The Horn

The e-bike has a horn. Press the button on the left handlebar to activate it.

Turning Signal Lights

Your e-bike has turn signal lights. Use the activator on the left handlebar (push left or right for direction, middle to turn off). The turn signals emit an audible noise to alert others.

Lights

The headlight and taillight improve safety when riding at night or in dark areas. The switch is on the left handlebar.

? Note: Lights consume electricity, potentially reducing travel distance by about 5% on a single charge.

Riding in Various Conditions

Pedaling

This e-bike is motor-assisted. Pedaling in conjunction with the motor increases travel distance and reduces battery electricity draw.

Riding in Wet Weather

The e-bike is designed for wet conditions, but the rear motor can cause slipping at high speeds. Avoid high speeds in very wet conditions. Brakes may be less efficient; slow down and allow more stopping room.

The Motor and Water

The e-bike is not designed to be immersed in water. Ensure the water level does not exceed the middle of the tire to prevent water from entering the motor. Water in the motor can cause short-circuits and damage electrical systems.

Riding in Cold Weather

The e-bike operates year-round. In very cold conditions, snow, or slush, the motor can get wet, and brakes may be less efficient. Below 10 degrees Celsius, battery performance decreases. While Lithium-Ion batteries perform better than Lead-Acid in temperature extremes, both are affected. Cold temperatures may necessitate earlier battery replacement.

Operating Instructions (Continued)

Using the Rear Storage Compartment

The rear storage compartment opens with the provided key (turn right). It is suitable for storing the charger, associated cables, or a U-lock for security. Lock the compartment by turning the key in the opposite direction.

Opening the Seat Trunk

? Note: The seat trunk houses the spare battery. Minimize storage use to avoid obstructing the battery.

To open the seat trunk, insert the key into the lock on the left side of the e-bike (just below the seat) and turn it all the way to the right. The seat will snap open and pop up. To close, ensure no obstructions and push the seat down firmly until it clicks. The seat trunk will not open if you are sitting on it.

Parking and Locking your E-Bike

When parking your e-bike:

1. Stop the e-bike and position it as desired.
2. Get off the e-bike, ensuring it remains balanced.
3. Stand to the side and slightly to the rear of the e-bike.
4. Hold the kickstand with one foot and grip the rear basket bracket (made of metal).
5. Pull the back of the seat up and towards you; the e-bike will move backward onto the kickstand.
6. Lock your e-bike to a secure object (e.g., bicycle post) through the rear wheel frame or a metal frame component.

❗ Warning: Do not let your e-bike drop or fall. The exterior and internal components can be damaged.

Maximum Load and Storage

Maximum Load

Do not exceed the e-bike's maximum load capacity (specified in Technical Data). Exceeding the maximum load will reduce performance and can damage shocks, the mechanism, the frame, or the motor.

Disconnecting the Circuit Breaker

To block all power from the battery (useful for storage or servicing), open the seat compartment, locate the circuit breaker switch, and activate it.

Long-Term Storage of your E-Bike

For long-term storage, disconnect the circuit breaker. This prevents accidental activation and makes it impossible to start the e-bike even with the key. The circuit breaker is located between the battery and the controller, accessible via the battery case.

? Note: Refer to "The Battery" section for battery maintenance during storage.

The Battery

Your Austin e-bike has two lead-acid batteries; the spare is stored in the seat compartment. Always treat your e-bike's electrical systems with respect.

Battery Power

The dashboard includes a battery charge indicator. When the e-bike is activated, the needle shows the available battery power. If the power has dropped significantly, charge your e-bike.

Distance and Power

Each battery provides a range of 35 to 50 km before recharging. Factors affecting range include rider weight, wind resistance, riding habits, hills, and tire pressure.

Saving Power

To conserve electricity on longer rides:

• Coasting: Use momentum downhill or on flat surfaces without motor power.
• Stopping and Starting: Minimize stop-and-go movements, as starting from a full stop uses more power.
• Weight: Remove unnecessary weight from the bike to reduce motor load.
• Air Pressure: Ensure tires have proper air pressure to reduce drag and increase efficiency.
• Head and Tail Lights: Turn off lights when safe to conserve power (may reduce range by ~5%).
• Pedaling: Pedal when accelerating from a stop to assist the motor.

Battery Management

Switching Between the Main and Spare Batteries

Your e-bike has two batteries for extended travel distance. The main battery is in the compartment between the seat and steering column; the spare is in the seat compartment.

To switch to the spare battery:

1. Turn off your e-bike and remove the key.
2. Open the seat compartment.
3. Identify and remove the main battery input plug.
4. Plug in the spare battery plug.
5. Close the compartment and restart your e-bike.

Charging your E-Bike

Charging requires the supplied chargers and one or two 110V household electrical outlets.

? Charger Warning: Use only supplied chargers. Chargers with non-identical specifications can irreparably damage your e-bike's battery and electrical systems, and may cause injury.

Charging Both Batteries at the Same Time

The e-bike can only charge one battery at a time. To charge both simultaneously, at least one battery must be removed and charged separately. Options include:

• Charging both batteries sequentially through the e-bike.
• Charging one through the e-bike and one separately.
• Charging both batteries without the e-bike.

Charging through the E-Bike

Only the battery connected to the power supply will charge. The other battery will not charge.

Procedure:

1. Turn off the e-bike and remove the key from the "ignition".
2. Plug the female end of the charger cable into the e-bike's charging slot (located on the outside casing, in front of and just underneath the seat).
3. Plug the male end of the charger power cable into a 110V wall socket or a portable generator providing 110V current.
4. Allow the battery to charge for 3-8 hours. A musical tune indicates charging has started.
5. Disconnect the charger when the LED light is green (battery fully charged).

To charge the second battery, wait until the first is done, switch batteries (as shown in "Switching Between the Main and Spare Batteries"), and repeat the charging process.

? Note: If the charger's LED status light does not change from red to green for over 14 hours, or if the battery is very hot, stop charging and contact your Daymak dealer immediately. The battery or charger may need replacing.

Charging the Battery on its Own

If you have removed a battery to charge it away from the e-bike:

1. Follow instructions to remove the battery from its compartment.
2. Plug the female end of the charger cable into the charging slot on the battery.
3. Plug the male end of the charger power cable into a 110V wall socket or generator.
4. Allow the battery to charge for 3-8 hours. Disconnect when the charger LED is green.

? Battery Care Caution: Follow all instructions concerning battery handling found under "Battery Care".

? Note: If the charger's LED status light does not change from red to green for over 14 hours, or if the battery is very hot, stop charging and contact your Daymak dealer immediately. The battery or charger may need replacing.

? Heat Warning: Charging batteries produce heat. Do not cover the battery while charging to allow heat to escape. Overheating can cause serious damage. Do not touch a very hot battery until it has cooled sufficiently.

The Battery Fuse

A fuse prevents over-use and power surges from affecting the e-bike's electrical systems. It is located on the main battery where the power cable attaches. It is a standard 30 amp fuse.

If the fuse is blown, all electrical input to the e-bike will cease, and the battery will not recharge (though the charger light may show green). To replace the fuse:

1. Turn off the e-bike.
2. Remove the battery.
3. Remove the fuse case (near the battery plug) by turning it clockwise.
4. Remove the old fuse and replace it with a new 30A cylindrical fuse (check the old fuse for specific measurements).
5. Replace the battery.
6. Restart the e-bike.

? Note: It is a good idea to always carry a spare 30 A fuse.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

? Note: Many parts are not user-serviceable and should be repaired by trained professionals, especially electrical and mechanical components. Alteration of these components voids the warranty.

Tire Pressure

Maintain appropriate tire pressure for optimal performance and to prevent damage. Pressure drops in cold weather and increases in warm weather.

To add air to your tires:

1. Identify the recommended pressure on the tire sidewall.
2. Locate the air valve on the inner surface of the tire rim.
3. Remove the valve cap and place it securely.
4. Place the nozzle end of an air pump over the valve.
5. Pump air, being careful not to exceed the recommended pressure.
6. Remove the pump nozzle carefully to minimize air loss.
7. Replace the valve cap.

? Note: Maintaining proper air pressure allows for greater travel distance on a single charge, as the motor works less.

Replacing Flat Tires

Replacing e-bike tire tubes is more complex than on regular bicycles, requiring proper tools, skill, and patience. The front wheel is easier to service than the rear, which is connected to the hub motor and other mechanical parts. Attempting to change a flat rear tire without familiarity with the rear motor's components can cause serious problems. Contact your Daymak dealer for specific instructions or to have tubes replaced.

The Brakes

The drum brakes are a critical safety feature. Test them regularly. Contact your Daymak dealer if stopping power decreases or brakes feel loose. Brake pads require replacement typically after 1-1.5 years, and brake cables may need tension adjustment. Self-servicing requires extensive drum brake experience.

Adjusting the Brake Cable Tension

To adjust tension, locate the wing nut on the drum brake mechanism:

1. Locate the wing nut on the drum brake.
2. Turn the wing nut clockwise to tighten the brakes.
3. Turn the wing nut counter-clockwise to loosen the brakes.
4. Adjust tension until the drum brakes provide proper safety but allow the wheel to move freely when not engaged.

❗ Warning: Your brakes are critical. Do not excessively loosen them. Insufficient tightness will cause brake failure.

Servicing the Battery

Consult the "The Battery" section for information on servicing or handling your battery.

The Motor

Do not service the motor yourself. It is a complex and finely tuned mechanism requiring significant expertise. Bring the e-bike to your Daymak dealer for service. Suggested maintenance is every 100 running hours.

The Chain

Ensure the chain is well-oiled and lubricated for proper function. Like any bicycle, it requires maintenance.

Shock Absorbers and Comfort

If the ride feels bumpier than usual, check tire pressure first, as low pressure can cause discomfort. If the problem persists, take your e-bike to your Daymak dealer for servicing.

Bringing in your E-Bike for Service

Do not attempt to service electronic or mechanical parts unless you are absolutely sure of what you are doing and have a solid understanding of electrical and mechanical equipment.

If your e-bike is not performing properly, disconnect the circuit breaker and bring it to your local Daymak dealer. Do not store the e-bike without disconnecting the circuit breaker.

Liability: Daymak will not be held responsible for damage or injuries resulting from errors in improperly serviced parts.

E-Bikes and Canadian Law

Jurisdictions

Eight Canadian jurisdictions (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Yukon Territory) have legalized power-assisted bicycles for public road use, treating them as conventional bicycles, not motor vehicles. They typically do not require insurance, registration, or licenses, provided they meet specific technical parameters. Rules are similar across provinces; consult local transportation departments for guidelines.

New Ontario Regulations

Ontario is running a pilot program (ending in 2009) to determine the future of e-bikes on its roads. The rules are similar to those in other Canadian provinces. Keep the "TPS Training Bulletin" handy when traveling; it can be shown to traffic authorities unfamiliar with e-bike regulations.

Definition of an E-Bike

An e-bike is a bicycle with an added battery-powered electric motor (not exceeding 500 watts) that can assist the cyclist up to 32 km/h. It can also be ridden like a standard bicycle without power assist. It is similar to a conventional bicycle in size, weight, and required skills, and must meet the requirements of the Motor Vehicle Safety Act.

Traveling by E-Bike

Power-assisted bicycles can travel anywhere bicycles are permitted. They are allowed on trails and paths where municipal by-laws permit bicycles. They are not allowed on controlled-access highways (e.g., 400 series highways) or sidewalks where bicycles are banned.

Who Can Ride an E-Bike

Anyone 16 years of age or older wearing an approved bicycle helmet at all times may ride an e-bike.

Specific Riding Requirements

Power-assisted bicycles are treated as bicycles. This means:

• No driver's license is required.
• No written test is required.
• No vehicle registration or license plate is required.
• No motor vehicle liability insurance is required.
• Operators must be 16 years of age and older.
• All persons are required to wear an approved bicycle helmet.
• Only electric bicycles conforming to federal Motor Vehicle Safety Act regulations and labeled as "power-assisted bicycle" are eligible for the pilot program.

Equipment

A power-assisted bicycle (e-bike):

• Has steering handlebars and is equipped with pedals.
• Is designed to be propelled primarily by muscular power and to travel on not more than three wheels.
• Has a motor with a power output rating of 500W or less, incapable of propelling the cycle at 32km/h or greater on level ground without pedaling.
• Must bear a label indicating it is a "Power-Assisted Bicycle".

Safety Equipment

Power-assisted bicycles require the same safety equipment as bicycles under the Highway Traffic Act: proper lights, proper brakes, and a proper bell.

Bicycle Helmets

Anyone operating an e-bike must wear an approved bicycle helmet. There are no age exemptions.

Fines and Penalties

Standard fines for bicyclists apply. Offenses directly related to the pilot program (e.g., riding under 16 or without a helmet) are subject to higher fines for pilot projects, ranging from $250 to $2,500.

Drinking and Driving

Drinking and driving a motor vehicle is a Criminal Code offense. While an intoxicated e-bike operator could potentially be charged under the Criminal Code definition of "motor vehicle," under pilot regulations, an e-bike is not considered a motor vehicle under the Highway Traffic Act, so penalties for impaired driving under that act do not apply.

TPS Training Bulletin

This bulletin addresses inquiries from officers and the public regarding e-bikes, noting confusion over the definition of a Power Assisted Bicycle (e-bike). According to Ontario Regulation 473/06, an e-bike meeting the definition is not deemed a motor vehicle under the Highway Traffic Act and is treated as a bicycle. Persons 16 years and older wearing a helmet may ride a power-assisted bicycle on the highway without a driver's license, permit, or insurance. Key requirements for designation as a "power assisted bicycle" include the capability of being propelled by muscular power and bearing a permanent manufacturer's label stating it is a power assisted bicycle. Pedals must be attached and functional when operated on the road. O. Reg 473 refers to federal Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations for a definition.

Contact Information:

Rick Line, TC 4365,
TPS Training & Education Unit,
Traffic & Provincial Statutes Section,
C.O. Bick College,
4620 Finch Ave. E.,
Scarborough, On, M1S-4G2
Ph: 416-808-4877
"Committed to Lifelong Learning"