The Rome E-Bike by Daymak

About Daymak

DAYMAK INC. is a developer, importer, and distributor of alternative energy and fuel-efficient vehicles. It has a distribution network of 10 retail stores, two of which are corporate-owned, and 50 dealers primarily in Ontario. Daymak possesses the expertise and knowledge to go from "Concept" to "Commercialization" in all aspects, including designing, testing, manufacturing, and selling its products. The company is currently in the process of developing and launching its proprietary Daymak Drive™ Technology. For more information on the company, please visit www.daymak.com.

Copyright 2008, Daymak Inc. All materials in this guide are the copyright property of Daymak, Inc. Reproduction of these materials requires written permission from Daymak.

Introduction

E-Bikes

Riding an electric bicycle is a great way to get around town conveniently and cheaply. E-bikes represent a natural progression in the development of urban transportation. Using only small amounts of electricity, e-bikes have the potential to radically reduce the amount of pollution in our cities. They are also very quiet, contributing less to noise pollution. E-bikes are easy and usually free to park, making them unobtrusive and practical additions to the urban landscape.

E-bikes are also inexpensive. They currently require no registration, no insurance, and no license, and do not incur parking charges. Compared to internal combustion engines, electric vehicle motors have fewer moving parts and require less maintenance.

Your Daymak e-bike is the result of Daymak’s years of experience, the highly trained technical skills of its staff, and careful design work by its engineers. Daymak hopes you enjoy using this product and welcomes any feedback.

New Laws

Most Canadian provinces, many U.S. states, the United Kingdom, and many European countries have introduced laws permitting cyclists to use electric motors to assist regular bicycle operation. It is advised to check with your provincial or state government for local laws. The latter part of this manual provides a synopsis of common Canadian provincial regulations governing e-bikes.

This Guide

The information in this guide may be subject to change without notice. For the latest information, contact your local Daymak dealer or visit the Daymak website. Daymak has taken all possible measures to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information. However, if any information is found to be missing, incomplete, or incorrect, please do not hesitate to contact Daymak.

Liability

Daymak does not assume liability for damages, loss of profits, or claims from third parties due to improper use of this product. Daymak also does not assume liability for damages resulting from product issues caused by service performed by a third party not certified by Daymak.

Bicycle Part Diagrams

Diagram 1: The Rome E-Bike

This diagram illustrates the various parts of your bicycle. Please note that many of these parts are not user-serviceable and should be repaired only by trained professionals, especially the electrical systems and mechanical components.

Key Components: 1. Seat, 2. Rear Compartment (not shown), 3. Taillight, 4. Rear Mudguard/Fairing, 5. Rear Wheel, 6. Rear Shock Absorber, 7. Hub Motor, 8. Controller (inside), 9. Kickstand, 10. Battery (inside), 11. Battery Carrier (with lock), 12. Battery charger slot, 13. Front Shock Absorber, 14. Wheel Rims, 15. Tire, 16. Front Mud Guard, 17. Headlight, 18. On / Off key switch, 19. Handlebars, 20. Pedals, 21. Seat Compartment.

Diagram 2: The Handlebars and Controls

This diagram illustrates the various parts of the control mechanism and display. The diagram may not exactly show the features on the Rome e-bike but will parallel them.

Controls: 1. Accelerator, 2. Front brake controller, 3. Rear brake controller, 4. Speedometer, 5. Horn, 6. Blinker lights, 7. Headlight Switch, 8. Battery indicator, 9. Power indicator.

Riding Instructions

This guide assumes you already know how to ride a standard bicycle. Before riding an electric bicycle, ensure you are very familiar with controlling and balancing a normal bicycle.

Caution: If you do not have cycling experience, an e-bike is too dangerous to ride. Do not begin learning to ride a bicycle using an e-bike.

Important Notes

• E-Bikes are Fast! E-bikes travel at higher speeds than many bicycle riders are accustomed to. Use caution at all times, especially in mixed traffic, and always consider driving and traveling conditions.
• Obey the Law. Follow all provincial and city traffic laws, including obeying stop signs, checking carefully when turning, and riding defensively. An e-bike is a motorized vehicle, even if classed as a bicycle, and must adhere to traffic laws.
• Stay Sober. Never ride your bicycle while intoxicated. An e-bike travels faster than a normal bicycle, and you must always be in control.
• Share the Road. Be careful in mixed traffic. When on bicycle paths, near pedestrians, or on recreational trails, be polite and courteous. E-bikes are new in many cities, so other users may not be familiar with them. E-bike riders act as "ambassadors" for this new mode of transportation.

Items to Carry with the E-Bike

It is advisable to carry the following items at all times when riding your e-bike:

• The charger, to charge the bike if the battery power runs out.
• A lock, to secure your e-bike when parked.
• A helmet, as required by safety laws.

Inspecting your E-Bike

Always inspect your e-bike before riding to ensure its safety features are operating properly. Routine inspections can prevent many accidents.

Once comfortable with your e-bike, you will notice small changes in its feel. If anything changes between uses, ensure it is properly examined. Listen for changes in the e-bike's sounds, as mechanical or power issues may affect them.

Holding the Handlebars

As with a normal bicycle or gas scooter, place your fingers over the brake levers, wrapping your palms and thumbs around the handlegrips. This allows for easy brake activation by squeezing your hand, enabling quick stops. This is the safe method for controlling your electric bicycle.

Turning your E-Bike On and Off

To turn on your e-bike, insert the key into the "ignition" (located below the dashboard) and turn it to the right. The power indicator will light up, and the battery charge indicator will show the available battery power.

To turn off the e-bike, turn the key to the left and remove it.

Warning: When activated, the e-bike's electrical system becomes live. Do not attempt to modify the E-Bike (e.g., remove the battery or repair components) while it is activated. Turn the E-Bike off and remove the key before accessing any electrical components. The battery carries a significant electric charge and can cause injury if not handled properly.

Accelerating and Decelerating

The throttle is on the right-side hand grip. Turn the grip forward (away from you) to accelerate. To decelerate, release the grip (turn it towards you). Avoid over-rotating the accelerator, as this could damage the battery and electrical components.

Warning: Do not activate the accelerator until you are seated on the bicycle and ready to move. The e-bike can easily escape control, potentially causing injury to yourself or others, and may be damaged if dropped.

Stopping

Your e-bike has two sets of brakes: front and rear. The levers on the handlebars, left and right, activate the brakes. Pull the levers toward you to activate them.

You can use both brakes for quicker stops or one brake for a gentler stop, depending on your needs.

Note: When the brakes are activated, the engine power automatically turns off until the brakes are released, allowing for safe stopping.

Safety Tips

• When traveling in wet weather, water can reduce brake efficiency by decreasing friction between brake pads and wheels. Slow down and allow more room for stopping or slowing if necessary.
• It is advisable to have your brakes and brake pads checked regularly. Brake pads wear down with friction and will eventually need replacement.

Signalling

You can signal and warn other road users using both sound and light signals.

The Horn

The e-bike has a horn. The horn button is on the left handlebar. Simply press it to activate the horn.

Turning Signal Lights

Your e-bike has turn signal lights. The turn signal activator is on the left handlebar. Push it left or right to indicate your intended turn direction, and press the middle of the button to turn it off.

Note: The turn signals also emit an audible sound to alert others. This audible signal cannot be disabled without disabling the visual signal.

Lights

The headlight and taillight are useful for riding at night or in dark areas, significantly improving safety in mixed traffic. The switch is located on the left handlebar.

Note: The lights consume electricity and may reduce the maximum travel distance on a single charge by approximately 5%.

Pedaling

This e-bike is designed as a motor-assisted bicycle. You can use the motor independently, but pedaling alongside the motor is ideal. This increases your travel distance by assisting the motor and reducing electricity draw from the battery.

Riding in Wet Weather

Your e-bike is designed to function in wet conditions, such as rain. However, as the motor is on the rear wheel, slipping can occur at high speeds. If it is very wet, avoid high speeds.

In wet weather, water can reduce brake efficiency by decreasing friction between brake pads and wheels. Slow down and allow more stopping room.

The Motor and Water

Your e-bike is not designed to be immersed in water. Ensure water levels do not exceed the middle of the tire to prevent water from entering the motor. Water in the motor can cause short-circuits and damage electrical systems.

Riding in Cold Weather

Your e-bike is designed for year-round operation. However, in very cold conditions or with snow/slush, the motor can get wet, and brakes may function less efficiently, similar to wet weather conditions. Below 10 degrees Celsius, battery performance decreases. While Lithium-Ion batteries perform better than Lead-Acid batteries in temperature extremes, both experience reduced performance in cold.

Riding in cold temperatures may also require earlier battery replacement.

Operating Instructions

Using the Rear Storage Compartment

The rear storage compartment is opened with the key provided. Insert the key and turn it right to open. Turn the key in the opposite direction to lock. This compartment can store the charger and cables, or a U-lock for security. It is ideally suited for these purposes.

Opening the Seat Trunk

To open the seat trunk, insert the key into the "ignition" and turn it fully to the left. The seat will pop open.

To close the seat trunk, ensure nothing obstructs the locking mechanism (like items in the storage compartment) and push the seat down firmly. A "click" indicates it is properly closed.

Note: The seat trunk will not open if you are sitting on it.

Parking and Locking your E-Bike

To park your e-bike:

1. Stop the e-bike and position it as desired.
2. Get off the e-bike, ensuring it remains balanced.
3. Stand to the side and slightly to the rear of the e-bike.
4. Hold the kickstand with one foot and grip the e-bike by the rear basket bracket (made of metal to support the weight).
5. Pull the back of the seat up and towards you. The e-bike will move backward, with the kickstand holding it in place.
6. Lock your e-bike to a post or secure object through the rear wheel frame or a metal frame component.

Warning: Do not let your e-bike drop or fall, as the exterior and internal components may be damaged.

Maximum Load

Do not exceed the e-bike's maximum load capabilities, listed in the technical specifications. Exceeding the maximum load will reduce performance, potentially damage shocks, the mechanism, the frame, and could cause the motor to work too aggressively, possibly burning it out.

Disconnecting the Circuit Breaker

Disconnecting the circuit breaker blocks all power from the battery to the e-bike. This is useful for storing the e-bike or if it is damaged and needs servicing.

To disable the circuit breaker:

1. Open the seat compartment.
2. Locate the circuit breaker switch (it should be obvious).
3. Activate the switch to disable power to the e-bike.

Long-Term Storage of your E-Bike

For long-term storage, disconnect the circuit breaker. This prevents accidental activation and makes it impossible to activate the e-bike, even with the key. The circuit breaker is found by opening the battery case, between the battery and the controller.

Note: Refer to the "Your Battery" section for battery maintenance instructions during storage.

The Battery

This section details essential information about the battery powering your e-bike. Always treat the e-bike's electrical systems with respect.

Battery Power

The dashboard features a battery charge indicator. When the e-bike is activated, the needle indicates the current battery power. If the power has dropped significantly, charge your e-bike.

Distance and Power

Your battery has a capacity to travel between 35 to 50 km before recharging. Battery performance depends on variables such as rider weight, wind resistance, driving habits, hills, and tire air pressure.

Saving Power

For long-distance travel, conserve electricity with better driving habits:

• Coasting: On downhills or flat surfaces, use momentum to coast without drawing motor power.
• Stopping and Starting: Avoid frequent stop-and-go movements, as the motor uses more power when starting from a standstill.
• Weight: Remove unnecessary weight from the bike to reduce the motor's power draw.
• Air Pressure: Ensure tires have proper air pressure. Correct pressure reduces drag and increases vehicle efficiency.
• Head and Tail Lights: Turn off lights when safe to conserve power. Lights can reduce travel distance by about 5%.
• Pedaling: Consider pedaling when accelerating from a stop to assist the motor.

Charging your E-Bike

Charging your e-bike is a simple process. You will need:

• The charger supplied with your e-bike.
• A 110V household electrical outlet.

Charger Warning: Only use the charger supplied with your e-bike. Using a charger with different specifications could irreparably damage the e-bike's battery and electrical systems, and may cause injury.

To charge your e-bike:

1. Turn off the e-bike and remove the key from the "ignition".
2. Plug the female end of the charger cable into the charging slot on the e-bike (located on the outside casing, in front of and just underneath the seat).
3. Plug the male end of the charger power cable into a 110V household electrical outlet or a portable generator providing 110V current.
4. Allow the e-bike to charge for 3-8 hours.
5. Disconnect the charger when the LED light turns green, indicating the battery is fully charged.

Note: If the charger's LED status light remains red for an extended period (over 14 hours) and the battery becomes very hot, the battery or charger may need replacement. Stop charging immediately and bring both to your Daymak dealer. Do not attempt to charge the battery further.

Battery Care

Follow these suggestions for optimal battery performance. Failure to do so may reduce the battery's ability to hold a charge and necessitate earlier replacement.

• Charge it: Charge your battery immediately after riding.
• Full Charge: Do not allow the battery to run down completely and then store it without a charge. This significantly reduces its lifespan and can cause damage.
• Keep it Charged: When storing the battery, charge it occasionally to prevent its power supply from depleting. Charging once every 21 days should be sufficient.
• Storage Conditions: Store the battery on a flat, cool, dry surface. Avoid letting the battery temperature drop below 10 degrees Celsius for extended periods.

Warning: DO NOT place your battery on concrete. Concrete drains battery power and neutralizes the lithium compound. Storing the battery on concrete for extended periods will likely result in power loss and inability to store electricity.

Cold Weather and your Battery

Below 10 degrees Celsius, the battery performs less effectively than in warmer temperatures. While Lithium-Ion batteries handle temperature extremes better than Lead-Acid batteries, both experience reduced performance in cold. Repeated riding in cold temperatures may also lead to earlier battery replacement.

Handling the Battery

The battery contains significant electrical power. Use caution and respect when handling it. Failure to follow these instructions can result in serious injury.

WARNING! Follow these instructions closely and handle your battery with care.

• Always lift and carry the battery with care. Never drop the battery. If the case is damaged, contents may leak.
• Never puncture or open the battery case. Contents are dangerous and can cause injury. Seek immediate help if a battery leaks.
• Do not touch the two metal poles on the battery box simultaneously. This can cause a short-circuit, injure you or others, and cause serious damage to the e-bike's electrical systems. Your battery contains significant electrical power.
• Do not handle your battery if you or the battery are wet. Water conducts electricity well, potentially causing an electrical shock and injury.

Replacement and Disposal

A lithium-ion battery typically needs replacement after approximately 1500 charges. When replacement is needed, you will notice a reduced charge capacity.

Contact your local Daymak dealer to purchase a new battery.

Dispose of used batteries at a proper municipal battery recycling facility. If none is available, contact your local Daymak dealer.

Warning: Ensure you replace the battery with an identical or very similar model. Changing battery format or power levels requires advanced knowledge of electrical systems. Improper changes can cause immediate and irreparable damage to electronic controllers and electrical systems. Be absolutely certain of your actions before replacing the battery with a different type. Using the wrong type of battery will void your warranty.

Technical Data

This section provides the technical specifications for your e-bike.

The Motor and Wheel Assembly

The Rome e-bike features a 500 Watt magnetic DC brushless motor on the rear wheel hub. This motor offers excellent low-end torque and high efficiency. It is very quiet but does produce some noise. The rear hub also includes speed reduction gear and a speed-free clutch.

The Freewheel

The wheels have freewheels, meaning the drive train is not fixedly geared. This allows you to turn off the engine when coasting or traveling downhill, and the e-bike will continue moving without slowing. This feature enables faster speeds when coasting, moving downhill, or with the wind, and conserves electrical power by allowing the motor to rest.

The Controller

Daymak pioneered intelligent component control in e-bikes. The "D-Drive" technology is the "brain" of your e-bike, enabling faster acceleration, climbing steeper hills, and energy saving. Future versions may allow for other recharging methods like solar or wind power.

The electronic controller is located under the seat assembly. It efficiently regulates speed and electronic functions, allowing stepless speed adjustment, motor shut-off when brakes are applied, low voltage protection, and fuses to prevent excess current damage.

The Governor

A key component of the controller is the Governor, which regulates the e-bike's speed. It prevents the motor from assisting riders when the e-bike's speed exceeds 32 km per hour.

Note: The governor's primary function is to ensure efficient motor operation. If it malfunctions, the e-bike's mileage and performance will be significantly reduced. Disabling the governor voids the warranty and may damage the controller.

This speed limitation of 32 km per hour is a government regulation. Exceeding this speed via motor power alone is illegal in Canada and may result in fines or penalties, unless the vehicle is insured for liability, registered, and the rider is licensed.

The Brakes

Front Brakes

The front brakes on your Rome e-bike are Hydraulic Disc Brakes, providing a solid, firm friction-grip when activated. They offer excellent control for scooters and e-bikes of this size. While heavier than other brake types, this is compensated by the Rome's lighter frame.

Rear Brakes

The rear brakes are drum brakes, similar to those on gas scooters and motorcycles. They offer fine stopping and control. This tested technology requires periodic servicing and tension adjustment.

Unlike normal bicycle brakes that clamp externally, drum brakes clamp internally. When activated, tension increases, engaging the clamps for effective stopping.

The brakes are contained within a sealed unit and are finely adjusted and fitted.

The Chain and Pedals

The pedals connect to the rear wheel via the chain, providing a human-powered "drive train." The pedals are integral to the e-bike and are not removable.

Shock Absorbers

Your Rome e-bike is equipped with Monoshock shock absorbers that absorb energy from bumps and dips. While resilient, sharp shocks or drops from 15 cm or more can damage them. Replacing them is complex and time-consuming, so exercise caution with drops from greater heights.

Basic Statistics

Dimensions: Wheel Size: 3.0" x 16; Body Size: 169 x 41 x 109 cm; Seat Height: 75 cm (29").

Weight: 44 kg without battery; 50 kg with battery.

Loading Capacity: Standard: 75 kg; Maximum: 100 kg.

Speed and Mileage: Max. Speed: 32 km/h; Max. Mileage: 55-60 km.

Electrical System Statistics

Motor Statistics

Rated Power: 500W; Voltage: 48V; Rated rolled speed: 200 RPM; Working efficiency: 70-80%; Torque: 32-55 Nm; Max. Climbing Angle: 20 Degrees.

Controller Statistics

Model: D-125; Input voltage: 48V; Low Protective Voltage: >43.5V; Excess Current Protection: <17A.

Charger Statistics

Charger Input: AC 100 – 240V; Standard Input voltage: 110V +/- 10%; Output: DC 48V, BM-online; Charger output voltage: 43.8 +/- 10%, 50Hz; Power Rated: 80W; Voltage Charge: 43.2 – 44.2V; Charge Current: 2.5A +/- 0.02A; Charge Time: 3-6 hours.

Battery Statistics

Type: Lithium Ion; Rated Voltage: 48V; Rated Power: 20AH; Battery Life: 1500 charges; Weight: 6 kg; Standard Capacity: 12V x 17 AH; Rated Total Capacity: 500Wh.

Wiring Diagram

The wiring diagram illustrates the electrical connections within the e-bike. It shows the flow from the AC charger (220V/110V) through fuses (2A, 20A) to the Battery, Controller, and Hub Motor. An Accelerator and Switch are also depicted, along with the Brakes, which cut power when activated.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

This section outlines common problems and their solutions. Many parts are not user-serviceable and require professional repair, especially electrical and mechanical components. Altering these components voids the warranty.

Tire Pressure

Maintain proper tire air pressure for optimal e-bike performance and to prevent damage. Cold weather lowers pressure, while warm weather increases it.

To adjust tire pressure:

1. Check the tire rim for the recommended pressure.
2. Locate the air valve on the tire rim.
3. Remove the valve cap and place it securely.
4. Place an air pump nozzle over the valve.
5. Inflate the tire carefully to the recommended pressure.
6. Remove the pump nozzle without losing significant air.
7. Replace the valve cap.

Note: Proper tire pressure reduces the motor's workload, extending travel distance per charge.

Replacing Flat Tires

Replacing flat tire tubes is more complex on e-bikes than regular bicycles, requiring proper tools, skill, and patience.

The front wheel is easier to service than the rear wheel, which is connected to the hub motor and other mechanical parts. Attempting to change a rear flat tire without familiarity with these components can cause serious problems.

Contact your Daymak dealer for specific instructions on safely removing and replacing wheels and tubes. It may be easier and safer to have this service performed by a Daymak dealer.

The Brakes

The drum and hydraulic brakes on your Rome e-bike are critical safety features. Test them regularly. If brakes lose stopping power or feel loose, consult your Daymak dealer.

Brakes may require periodic servicing, including brake pad replacement (typically after 1-1.5 years, depending on use) and brake cable tension adjustment.

Brake servicing should only be performed by individuals with extensive experience in drum and hydraulic brakes.

Adjusting the Brake Cable Tension

To adjust drum brake cable tension:

1. Locate the wing nut on the drum brake.
2. To tighten, turn the wing nut clockwise.
3. To loosen, turn the wing nut counter-clockwise.
4. Adjust tension so brakes provide proper safety but allow the wheel to move freely when disengaged.

Warning: Do not excessively loosen drum brakes. Insufficiently tight brakes will fail, preventing the e-bike from stopping properly.

Servicing the Battery

Consult the "The Battery" section for information on servicing or handling your battery.

The Battery Fuse

A fuse protects the e-bike's electrical systems from over-use and power surges. It is located on the battery where the power cable attaches.

Total Loss of Power

If the fuse blows, all electrical input to the e-bike will cease, and it will not recharge. The charger light may still show "green" indicating a full charge.

To replace the fuse:

1. Turn off the e-bike.
2. Remove the battery.
3. Remove the fuse case (near the battery plug) by turning it clockwise.
4. Replace the old fuse with a new 30A cylindrical fuse (check the old fuse for specifications).
5. Replace the battery.
6. Restart the e-bike.

Note: It is advisable to carry a spare 30A fuse.

The Motor

Do not service the motor yourself. Bring the e-bike to your Daymak dealer for service. The motor is a complex, fine-tuned mechanism requiring significant expertise for repair. Suggested maintenance is every 100 running hours.

The Chain

Ensure the e-bike chain is well-oiled and lubricated. Like any bicycle, it requires maintenance for proper function.

Shock Absorbers and Comfort

If your ride feels bumpier than usual and you suspect shock absorber issues, check tire air pressure first, as low pressure can cause discomfort. If the problem persists, take your e-bike to your Daymak dealer for servicing.

Bringing in your E-Bike for Service

Do not attempt to service electronic or mechanical parts unless you are certain of your actions and have a solid understanding of electrical and mechanical equipment.

If your e-bike is not performing properly, disconnect the circuit breaker and bring it to your local Daymak dealer. Do not store the e-bike without disconnecting the circuit breaker.

Liability: Daymak is not responsible for damage or injuries resulting from errors due to improperly serviced parts.

E-Bikes and Canadian Law

British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Yukon

Currently, eight Canadian jurisdictions have legalized power-assisted bicycles for public road use, treating them as conventional bicycles, not motor vehicles. This means no insurance, registration, or licenses are required, provided e-bike technical specifications meet certain parameters. Rules are similar across provinces with minor variations. Consult your local ministry or department of transportation for guidelines.

New Ontario Regulations

Ontario is piloting a program to determine e-bike regulations. The pilot program ends in 2009, after which decisions on e-bike road use will be made. Due to the program's novelty and unfamiliarity even to law enforcement, a synopsis of regulations is provided. These rules are similar to those in other Canadian provinces.

It is recommended to print the "TPS Training Bulletin" at the end of this manual and keep it accessible. If stopped by traffic authorities unfamiliar with e-bikes, presenting this bulletin should allow you to continue.

Definition of an E-Bike

An e-bike is a bicycle with an added battery-powered electric motor not exceeding 500 watts, assisting the cyclist up to 32 km/h. It can also be ridden like a regular bicycle without power assist. Power assistance makes pedaling easier, increases distance, aids in climbing hills, and improves riding against the wind. In terms of size, weight, speed, and required skills, e-bikes are similar to conventional bicycles. A power-assisted bicycle is synonymous with an e-bike, provided it meets the Motor Vehicle Safety Act requirements.

Traveling by E-Bike

Power-assisted bicycles can travel anywhere bicycles are permitted, including trails and paths where municipal by-laws allow. They are prohibited on controlled-access highways (e.g., 400 series highways, Queen Elizabeth Way) and municipal roads where bicycles are banned, including sidewalks.

Who Can Ride an E-Bike

Anyone 16 years of age or older, wearing an approved bicycle helmet at all times while operating an e-bike, can ride one.

Specific Riding Requirements

Power-assisted bicycles are treated as bicycles, meaning:

• No driver's license is required.
• No written test is required.
• No vehicle registration or license plate is required.
• No motor vehicle liability insurance is required.
• Operators must be 16 years of age or older.
• All persons must wear an approved bicycle helmet.
• Only electric bicycles conforming to federal Motor Vehicle Safety Act regulations and labeled as "power-assisted bicycle" are eligible for the pilot program.

Equipment

A power-assisted bicycle (e-bike) must:

• Have steering handlebars and pedals.
• Be designed for propulsion primarily by muscular power and travel on not more than three wheels.
• Have an electric motor with a power output rating of 500W or less, incapable of propelling the cycle at 32 km/h or greater on level ground without pedaling.
• Bear a label indicating it is a "Power-Assisted Bicycle".

Safety Equipment

Power-assisted bicycles require the same safety equipment as bicycles under the Highway Traffic Act:

• Proper lights.
• Proper brakes.
• Proper bell.

Bicycle Helmets

Anyone operating an e-bike must wear an approved bicycle helmet; there are no age exemptions.

Fines and Penalties

Standard fines for violating road rules and equipment standards apply to e-bike drivers. However, offenses related to the pilot program (e.g., riding under 16 or without a helmet) may incur higher fines, ranging from $250 to $2,500.

Drinking and Driving

Drinking and driving a motor vehicle is a Criminal Code offense. The definition of "motor vehicle" in the Criminal Code of Canada includes an e-bike. Operating an e-bike while intoxicated could lead to impaired driving charges, subject to Criminal Code penalties (fines, jail time, driving prohibition). However, under pilot regulations, an e-bike is not considered a motor vehicle under the Highway Traffic Act, so penalties for impaired driving under that Act would not apply.

TPS Training Bulletin

Attention Traffic and Training Sergeants:

Recent inquiries from officers and the public reveal confusion regarding the definition of a Power Assisted Bicycle (e-bike). According to Ontario Regulation 473/06, an e-bike meeting the definition is not considered a motor vehicle under the Highway Traffic Act and is treated as a bicycle. Persons 16 years and older wearing a bicycle helmet (as per subsection 104(2.1) of the HTA) may ride a power-assisted bicycle on the highway. No driver's license, permit, or insurance is required.

Key requirements for an e-bike to be designated a "power assisted bicycle" are that it "is capable of being propelled by muscular power" and bears a permanent manufacturer's label stating it is a power assisted bicycle. Pedals must be attached and functional while the e-bike is operated on the road.

O. Reg 473 refers to federal Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations for definitions.

Contact Information:

Rick Line, TC 4365,
TPS Training & Education Unit,
Traffic & Provincial Statutes Section,
C.O. Bick College,
4620 Finch Ave. E.,
Scarborough, On, M1S-4G2
Ph: 416-808-4877
"Committed to Lifelong Learning"