Renogy MPPT Tracer Series
Maximum Power Point Tracking Solar Charge Controller
Models: 20A | 30A | 40A
Manufacturer: Renogy
Address: 2775 E. Philadelphia St., Ontario, CA 91761
Phone: 1-800-330-8678
Important Safety Instructions
Please save these instructions. This manual contains important safety, installation, and operating instructions for the charge controller.
Symbols Used:
- WARNING: Indicates a potentially dangerous condition. Use extreme caution.
- CAUTION: Indicates a critical procedure for safe and proper operation.
- NOTE: Indicates a procedure or function important for safe and proper operation.
General Safety Information
- Read all instructions and cautions before installation.
- The controller has no serviceable parts; do not disassemble or attempt repair.
- Do not allow water to enter the controller.
- Ensure all connections are tight.
Charge Controller Safety
- NEVER connect the solar panel array without a battery connected first.
- Ensure input voltage does not exceed 100 VDC (or 150 VDC for Tracer-3215RN) to prevent damage. Verify Open Circuit Voltage (Voc).
- Do not exceed the rated current: 20A (Tracer-2210RN), 30A (Tracer-3215RN), or 40A (Tracer-4210RN). Verify Short Circuit Current (Isc).
Battery Safety
- Use only sealed lead-acid, flooded, or gel deep cycle batteries.
- Ensure adequate ventilation for explosive battery gases during charging.
- Wear eye protection when working with batteries.
- Read battery manuals before operation.
- Do not let battery terminals touch.
- Recycle batteries properly.
- Avoid over-charging and excessive gassing, which can damage battery plates. Review specific battery requirements.
- Equalization is for non-sealed/vented/flooded/wet cell lead-acid batteries only.
- Do NOT equalize sealed, VRLA, AGM, or Gel batteries unless permitted by the manufacturer.
WARNING: Connect battery terminals to the charge controller BEFORE connecting solar panels. NEVER connect solar panels until the battery is connected.
WARNING: Do NOT connect inverters or battery chargers to the load terminal.
WARNING: Once equalization is active, it will not exit this stage without adequate charging current from the solar panel. There should be NO load on the batteries during equalization.
General Information
The RENOGY MPPT series controller is designed for off-grid solar applications. It protects the battery from over-charging by solar modules and over-discharging by loads. The controller uses a smart tracking algorithm to maximize energy harvest from PV modules and charge the battery efficiently. The low voltage disconnect (LVD) function prevents over-discharging.
The MPPT charge controller optimizes the charging process for long battery life and improved system performance. It includes comprehensive self-diagnostics and electronic protection functions. An RJ45 interface allows communication with a Tracer meter for remote monitoring.
Key Features
- 12V / 24V auto recognition.
- Advanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology for optimal PV system use.
- Peak conversion efficiency up to 97%, tracking efficiency up to 99%.
- Fast I-V curve sweeping (seconds tracking speed).
- Automatic day/night recognition.
- Timer function (1-15 hours) for streetlight applications.
- Unique dual timer function for enhanced lighting system flexibility.
- Supports Sealed, Gel, and Flooded battery types.
- Automatic temperature compensation corrects charging and discharging parameters, improving battery life.
- Electronic protections: Overcharging, over-discharging, overload, and short circuit.
- Reverse polarity protection for solar module and battery connections.
- Excellent thermal design with natural air-cooling.
- RJ45 interface for optional MT-5 remote meter.
MPPT Technology
MPPT technology extracts maximum power from solar modules by tracking the array's maximum power point voltage (Vmp) under varying weather conditions, ensuring optimal energy harvest throughout the day.
Current Boost
MPPT controllers can 'boost' current in a solar system. Power (Watts) = Voltage (Volts) x Amperage (Amps). Assuming 100% efficiency (actual efficiency is 92-95%), Power In = Power Out. When the solar module's Vmp is higher than the battery voltage, the controller steps down the voltage and proportionally boosts the current to charge the battery efficiently. This stepped-down voltage is not wasted as heat, unlike in traditional controllers.
Diagram Description: A graph showing Current vs. Voltage for a 12V system, illustrating the Maximum Power Point (Vmp) and the typical battery voltage range (10-17V). Another graph shows Power vs. Voltage, highlighting the Maximum Power Point and the operating range of traditional controllers.
Limiting Effectiveness
Increased environmental temperature reduces the operating voltage (Vmp) of solar modules, potentially limiting power generation. MPPT technology remains effective, but performance may decrease. Using modules with higher nominal voltage can help maintain current boost even with voltage drops due to temperature.
Four Charging Stages
The MPPT charge controllers utilize a 4-stage battery charging algorithm: Bulk Charge, Boost Charge, Float Charge, and Equalization.
- Bulk Charge: Constant current charging using 100% of available solar power.
- Boost Charge: Constant voltage absorption stage to prevent battery heating and gassing. Default duration is 120 minutes, customizable.
- Float Charge: Reduced voltage to maintain a full battery charge, offsetting self-consumption. If load current exceeds charge current, the controller reverts to Bulk charging.
- Equalization: Periodic overcharging (every 28 days) to stir electrolyte, balance voltage, and complete chemical reactions in specific battery types (non-sealed lead-acid).
Diagram Description: A graph illustrating the four charging stages (Night, Bulk Charge, Boost, Float, Night) over time, showing voltage levels.
WARNING: Equalization may increase battery voltage, potentially damaging sensitive DC loads. Ensure load input voltage is higher than the equalization set point voltage.
WARNING: Over-charging or prolonged equalization can damage batteries. Review specific battery requirements.
WARNING: No load should be connected during equalization.
Optional Components
The MPPT 20A/40ACC is shipped without additional components. An optional Renogy MT-5 Tracer Meter is available for monitoring solar system status and error indications, especially when the controller is not easily accessible. It includes a 6.5 ft cable and mounting frame.
Image Description: A Renogy MT-5 Tracer Meter, a compact device with a display screen and four buttons (Set, Up, Down, Enter), connected to a cable with an RJ45 connector.
Identification of Parts
Diagram Description: A front view of the MPPT charge controller with numbered indicators pointing to key parts. Also shown are side views of 30A/40A MPPT and 20A MPPT controllers with an RJ45 port indicated.
- 1. Charging LED Indicator
- 2. Battery Status LED indicator
- 3. Local Temperature Sensor (for ambient temperature compensation)
- 4. Setting LED Indicators (Work Mode, Timers, Battery Selection)
- 5. LCD Display (shows load and work mode status)
- 6. Set Button (adjust parameters, cycle settings, turn load On/Off)
- 7. RJ45 port for MT-5 Tracer (optional accessory)
Installation
Recommended Tools: Flathead Screwdriver, Multi-Meter.
WARNING: Connect battery terminal wires to the charge controller FIRST, then connect the solar panel(s). NEVER connect solar panels before the battery.
WARNING: Do NOT connect inverters or battery chargers into the load terminal.
CAUTION: Do not over-torque screw terminals to avoid damaging the wire holder.
CAUTION: Refer to technical specifications for maximum wire sizes and amperage ratings.
Image Description: A diagram showing the correct connection sequence: Battery connected to the charge controller first, then solar panels. A crossed-out diagram indicates incorrect connections like inverters or battery chargers to the load terminal.
Diagram Description: Step-by-step illustrations for connecting wires to the charge controller terminals (PV Terminal, Battery Terminal, Load Terminal).
Diagram Description: Illustrations for connecting solar panels, including series and parallel configurations, and connecting the MT-5 Tracer meter.
Mounting Recommendations
WARNING: Never install the controller in a sealed enclosure with flooded batteries due to explosion risk from gas accumulation.
- Choose Mounting Location: Mount on a vertical surface protected from direct sunlight, high temperatures, and water. Ensure good ventilation.
- Check for Clearance: Allow at least 6 inches (150 mm) clearance above and below the controller for ventilation and wire routing.
- Mark Holes
- Drill Holes
- Secure the charge controller.
Diagram Description: An illustration showing the charge controller mounted vertically with arrows indicating airflow (cool air below, warm air above), emphasizing the required 6-inch (150mm) clearance.
Operation
The controller powers on automatically when the battery is connected. The LCD display shows Mode & Timer 1, Timer 2, and Battery Type Information. Cycle through displays by pressing the orange Set button. A red LED indicates the highlighted mode.
NOTE: The timer functions are optional and only affect loads connected to the load terminal.
Diagram Description: An illustration showing the front panel of the charge controller with LED indicators and the LCD display.
Adjusting Parameters
To adjust a parameter: Navigate to the desired LED indicator, then press and hold the orange Set button for over 5 seconds until the number in the Work Mode display flashes. Press the Set button repeatedly to cycle through numbers. The setting takes effect when the number stops flashing.
Load Work Mode Setting
The MPPT Charge Controller features a programmable dual timer for the load terminal, allowing users to control when loads turn on/off. Each numerical indicator corresponds to a specific timer function.
There are four Load Control Settings:
- Dusk to Dawn (T1: #0): Load turns ON at night (when PV voltage drops below NTTV) and OFF during the day (when PV voltage rises above DTTV). Includes a 10-minute delay for both transitions. Only Timer 1 supports this mode; Timer 2 is disabled.
- Load ON + Timer (T1 & T2: #1-15): Load turns ON after sunset (with a 10-minute delay) for a duration set by Timer 1 (1-15 hours). Turns OFF after sunrise (with a 10-minute delay). Timer 2 can control a second ON period before sunrise if Timer 1's duration ends before sunrise. The timer functions based on the first threshold reached (DTTV or NTTV).
- Test Mode (T1: #16): Similar to Dusk to Dawn but without the 10-minute delay, allowing faster testing. Only Timer 1 supports this mode; Timer 2 is disabled.
- Manual Mode (T1: #17): Disables timer functions. The load can be manually turned ON or OFF using the orange Set button. Only Timer 1 supports this mode; Timer 2 is disabled.
CAUTION: Be mindful of maximum load current ratings to prevent damage.
NOTE: The load terminal is powered by the battery bank, not directly from the solar panels.
NOTE: Except for Manual Mode, timer functions require a connected PV array.
Diagram Description: A graphical representation of the dual timer function, showing Light ON/OFF states relative to Sunset, Timer 1 duration, Midnight, Timer 2 duration, and Sunrise.
Timing Parameters Table
| Timer 1 | Digital Display | Timer 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Disable | N | Disable |
| Dusk To Dawn | 0 | ----- |
| Load on 1 hour AFTER sunset | 1 | Load on 1 hour BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 2 hours AFTER sunset | 2 | Load on 2 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 3 hours AFTER sunset | 3 | Load on 3 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 4 hours AFTER sunset | 4 | Load on 4 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 5 hours AFTER sunset | 5 | Load on 5 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 6 hours AFTER sunset | 6 | Load on 6 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 7 hours AFTER sunset | 7 | Load on 7 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 8 hours AFTER sunset | 8 | Load on 8 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 9 hours AFTER sunset | 9 | Load on 9 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 10 hours AFTER sunset | 10 | Load on 10 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 11 hours AFTER sunset | 11 | Load on 11 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 12 hours AFTER sunset | 12 | Load on 12 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 13 hours AFTER sunset | 13 | Load on 13 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 14 hours AFTER sunset | 14 | Load on 14 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Load on 15 hours AFTER sunset | 15 | Load on 15 hours BEFORE sunrise |
| Test Mode | 16 | ------ |
| Manual Mode | 17 | ------ |
Battery Type Setting
To adjust the battery type: Navigate to the desired LED indicator, press and hold the orange Set button for over 5 seconds until the number in the Work Mode display flashes. Press the Set button repeatedly to cycle through numbers. The setting takes effect when the number stops flashing.
| Battery Type | Digital Display |
|---|---|
| Sealed Lead Acid | 1 |
| Gel | 2 |
| Flooded | 3 |
LED Indications
Diagram Description: Illustrations of the LED indicators (PV, BATT, TEMP) and the Work Mode indicators (Mode & Timer 1, Timer 2, Batt Type) with corresponding symbols.
Charge Indicator
- Solid: Battery is charging.
- No light: Not charging.
- Flashing: Battery is over-voltage.
Battery Indicator
- Solid: Battery Normal.
- Flashing: Battery is Full.
- Solid: Battery is under-voltage.
- Solid: Battery is over-discharged.
- Flashing: Load is over-current or short-circuited.
Work Mode Display Errors
Diagram Description: Displays showing error codes 'P' and 'C' on the Work Mode digital display.
- 'P' Display: PV input current exceeds the maximum rating. The array remains disconnected until voltage is safe.
- 'C' Display: PV input current exceeds the maximum rating. The array remains as is until a solution is implemented.
NOTE: The PV's open circuit voltage (Voc) exceeding the maximum rating will cause the array to remain disconnected until Voc is at a safe rating.
System Status Troubleshooting
| Charge Indicator | Troubleshoot |
|---|---|
| Off during daylight | Ensure PV wires are correctly and tightly secured. Use a multimeter to verify correct pole connections. |
| Flashing Green | Use a multimeter to check battery voltage; ensure it's within controller specifications. NEVER disconnect battery without disconnecting solar panels first. |
| Battery Indicator | Troubleshoot |
|---|---|
| Solid orange light | Disconnect loads. Allow PV modules to charge the battery bank. Monitor battery voltage with a multimeter. |
| Solid Red | Controller has cut off battery output. Ensure no excessive loads and allow sufficient charging time and sunlight. Monitor readings with a multimeter. |
| Flashing Red Light | System overload or short-circuit. Overload: Check load draw with a multimeter; limit loads if possible. Disconnect all loads and reconnect gradually. Short-circuit: First occurrence: controller cuts off for 10 seconds, then resumes. Second occurrence: controller does not reboot automatically; press the orange button to resume. |
| Work Mode Display | Troubleshoot |
|---|---|
| The letter "C" | Controller registers overcurrent from solar modules. Check solar panel specifications against controller ratings (Voc and Isc) using a multimeter. |
| The letter "P" | Controller registers overcurrent from solar panels. Panels remain disconnected until voltage is safe. Verify panel specifications (Voc and Isc) do not exceed controller ratings using a multimeter. |
Maintenance
WARNING: Risk of Electric Shock! Turn off all power before touching terminals.
Recommended maintenance tasks:
- Ensure controller is mounted in a clean, dry, ventilated area.
- Check wiring for damage or wear.
- Tighten all terminals and inspect connections for looseness, breakage, or burn marks.
- Verify LCD and LED readings are consistent; take corrective action if needed.
- Inspect terminals for corrosion, insulation damage, high temperature, or burn/discoloration marks.
Fusing
Fusing is recommended for connections between panels and controller, and controller and battery, for safety. Always use the recommended wire gauge size.
Table Description: NEC Maximum Current for different Copper Wire Sizes (AWG 16 to 0).
Fuse from Controller to Battery
Fuse Rating = Current Rating of Charge Controller (e.g., 30A MPPT CC requires a 30A fuse).
Fuse from Solar Panel(s) to Controller
Use a sizing factor of 1.56.
- Series Connection: Total Amperage = Isc * 1.56. Fuse = minimum of (Isc * 1.56 * 1.56). Example: For 5.75A Isc panels, Total Amperage = 5.75A * 1.56 = 8.97A. Fuse = minimum of 8.97A = 9A fuse.
- Parallel Connection: Total Amperage = (Isc1 + Isc2) * 1.56. Fuse = minimum of (Total Amperage * 1.56). Example: For two 5.75A Isc panels, Total Amperage = (5.75A + 5.75A) * 1.56 = 11.5A * 1.56 = 17.94A. Fuse = minimum of 17.94A = 18A fuse.
Technical Specifications
Electrical Parameters
| Model | Tracer-2210RN | Tracer-3215RN | Tracer-4210RN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal system voltage | 12V/24V Auto Recognition | ||
| Rated Battery Current | 20A | 30A | 40A |
| Rated Load Current | 20A | 20A | 20A |
| Max. Battery Voltage | 32V | ||
| Max Solar Input Voltage | 100 VDC | 150 VDC | 100 VDC |
| Max. Solar Input (12V) | 200W | 300W | 400W |
| Max. Solar Input (24V) | 400W | 600W | 800W |
| Self-Consumption | ≤ 10 mA (24V) | ||
| Temp. Compensation | -5mV/°C/2V | ||
| Communication | TTL232 / 8pin RJ45 | ||
| Threshold Voltage | NTTV: 5V @ 12V; x2/24V DTTV: 6V @ 12V; x2/24V |
Mechanical Parameters
| Model | Tracer-2210RN | Tracer-3215RN | Tracer-4210RN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Dimension | 169 x 118 x 83 mm (6.65 x 4.65 x 3.28 in.) | 242 x 169 x 91 mm (9.45 x 6.65 x 3.58 in) | 240 x 169 x 91 mm (9.45 x 6.65 x 3.58 in) |
| Mounting Holes | 160 x 80 mm (6.29 x 3.15 in) | 180 x 160 mm (7.08 x 6.29 in) | 180 x 160 mm (7.08 x 6.29 in) |
| Max Terminal Size | 10 mm² / 8 AWG | 25 mm² / 4 AWG | 25 mm² / 4 AWG |
| Net Weight | 1.04 kg (2.3 lb) | 2.54 kg (5.6 lb) | 2.54 kg (5.6 lb) |
Environment Parameters
| Parameter | Tracer-2210RN | Tracer-3215RN | Tracer-4210RN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Working Temperature | -35°C to +55°C | ||
| Storage Temperature | -35°C to +80°C | ||
| Humidity | 10% to 90% NC | ||
| Enclosure | IP30 |
Dimensions
Diagram Description: Technical drawings showing the dimensions of the 20A 2210RN, 30A 3215RN, and 40A 4210RN models. Dimensions are provided in inches.
Wiring Diagrams
The following diagrams illustrate typical wiring configurations for 100W, 200W, 300W, and 400W solar arrays with a 12V battery bank.
Diagram Description: A wiring diagram for a 100W solar panel connected to a charge controller and a 12V battery bank, including fuse and tray cable.
Diagram Description: A wiring diagram for a 200W solar array (two panels in series) connected to a charge controller and a 12V battery bank, including fuses and adapter kits.
Diagram Description: A wiring diagram for a 200W solar array (two panels in parallel) connected to a charge controller and a 12V battery bank, including MC4 branch connectors, fuses, and adapter kits.
Diagram Description: A wiring diagram for a 300W solar array (three panels in series) connected to a charge controller and a 12V battery bank, including fuses and adapter kits.
Diagram Description: A wiring diagram for a 300W solar array (three panels in parallel) connected to a charge controller and a 12V battery bank, including MC4 branch connectors, fuses, and adapter kits.
Diagram Description: A wiring diagram for a 400W solar array (four panels in series) connected to a charge controller and a 12V battery bank, including fuses and adapter kits.
Diagram Description: A wiring diagram for a 400W solar array (four panels in parallel) connected to a charge controller and a 12V battery bank, including MC4 branch connectors, fuses, and adapter kits.
