Microchip USB2422 Hardware Design Checklist

1.0 Introduction

This document provides a hardware design checklist for the Microchip USB2422. These checklist items should be followed when utilizing the USB2422 in a new design. A summary of these items is provided in Section 9.0, "Hardware Checklist Summary," on page 15. Detailed information on these subjects can be found in the corresponding sections:

• General Considerations on page 1
• Power on page 1
• USB Signals on page 2
• USB Connectors on page 5
• Clock Circuit on page 9
• Power and Startup on page 10
• Configuration Options on page 12
• Hardware Checklist Summary on page 15

2.0 General Considerations

2.1 Required References

The USB2422 implementor should have the following documents on hand:

• USB2422 2-Port USB 2.0 Hi-Speed Hub Controller Data Sheet
• USB 2.0 Specification
• B1.2 Specification

2.2 Pin Check

Check the pinout of the part against the data sheet. Ensure all pins match the data sheet and are configured as inputs, outputs, or bidirectional for error checking.

2.3 Ground

The ground pins, GND, should be connected to the solid ground plane on the board. It is recommended that all ground connections be tied together to the same ground plane. Separate ground planes are not recommended.

2.4 USB-IF Compliant USB Connectors

USB-IF certified USB Connectors with a valid Test ID (TID) are required for all USB products to be compliant and pass USB-IF product certification.

3.0 Power

• The analog supplies (VDD33) are located on pins 1, 9, and 18. All these pins require a connection to a regulated 3.3V power plane.
• The VDD33 pins 1 and 18 each should include 0.1 µF capacitors to decouple the device. The capacitor size should be SMD_0603 or smaller.
• The VDD33 pin 9 should include 1.0 µF capacitors to decouple the device. The capacitor size should be SMD_0603 or smaller.
• Pin 10 (CRFILT) is a core regulator output and should connect to an external filter capacitor. A 1.0 µF capacitor is recommended. Do not power external circuitry from this regulator output.
• Pin 23 (PLLFILT) is a PLL regulator output and should connect to an external filter capacitor. A 0.1 µF capacitor is recommended. Do not power external circuitry from this regulator output.

The power and ground connections are shown in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1: Power and Ground Connections

A diagram shows the USB2422 connected to VDD33, PLLFILT, and ePAD with associated capacitors and resistors for power and ground connections.

4.0 USB Signals

4.1 USB PHY Interface

• USBDP_UP (pin 20): This pin is the positive (+) signal of the upstream USB2.0 differential pair. All necessary USB terminations and resistors are included in the internal IC. This pin can connect directly to the D+/DP pin of a USB Connector.
• USBDM_UP (pin 19): This pin is the negative (-) signal of the upstream USB2.0 differential pair. All necessary USB terminations and resistors are included in the internal IC. This pin can connect directly to the D-/DM pin of a USB Connector.
• USBDP_DN1 (pin 3): This pin is the positive (+) signal of the downstream port 1 USB2.0 differential pair. All necessary USB terminations and resistors are included in the internal IC. This pin can connect directly to the D+/DP pin of a USB Connector.
• USBDM_DN1 (pin 2): This pin is the negative (-) signal of the downstream port 1 USB2.0 differential pair. All necessary USB terminations and resistors are included in the internal IC. This pin can connect directly to the D-/DM pin of a USB Connector.
• USBDP_DN2 (pin 5): This pin is the positive (+) signal of the downstream port 2 USB2.0 differential pair. All necessary USB terminations and resistors are included in the internal IC. This pin can connect directly to the D+/DP pin of an embedded device or second tier hub either directly on the PCB or through a permanently attached USB cable/wiring harness. This should not be wired to a user-accessible USB port.
• USBDM_DN2 (pin 4): This pin is the negative (-) signal of the downstream port 2 USB2.0 differential pair. All necessary USB terminations and resistors are included in the internal IC. This pin can connect directly to the D+/DP pin of an embedded device or second tier hub either directly on the PCB or through a permanently attached USB cable/wiring harness. This should not be wired to a user-accessible USB port.

Note: The polarity of any USB2.0 differential pair may be inverted intentionally either due to design constraints or to correct a design error using the Microchip PortSwap feature. This feature may be configured via SMBus/I²C configuration registers.

4.1.1 Disable Downstream Ports if Unused

If any downstream port of the USB2422 is unused, it should be disabled. This can be achieved through hub configuration (I²C) or through a port disable strap option.

4.2 USB Protection

The use of external protection circuitry may be required to provide additional ESD protection beyond what is included in the hub IC. These are generally grouped into three categories:

1. TVS protection diodes: ESD protection for IEC-61000-4-2 system level tests.
2. Application targeted protection ICs or galvanic isolation devices: DC overvoltage protection for short to battery protection.
3. Common-mode chokes: For EMI reduction.

The USB2422 can be used in conjunction with these types of devices, but it is important to understand the negative effect on USB signal integrity that these devices may have. Users must select components accordingly and follow the implementation guidelines from the manufacturer of these devices. They may also use the following general guidelines for implementing these devices:

• Select devices that are designed specifically for high-speed applications only. Based on the USB specification, a total of 5 pF is budgeted for connector, PCB traces, and protection circuitry.
• These devices should be placed as close to the USB connector as possible.
• Never branch the USB signals to reach protection devices. Always place the protection devices directly on top of the USB differential traces.
• The effectiveness of TVS devices depends heavily on effective grounding. Always ensure a very low impedance path to a large ground plane.
• Place TVS diodes on the same layer as the USB signal trace. Avoid vias or place vias behind the TVS device if possible.

Note: Microchip PHYBoost configuration options are available for compensating the negative effects of these devices. This feature may help overcome marginal failures. It is simplest to determine the appropriate setting using laboratory experiments, such as USB eye diagram tests, on physical hardware.

5.0 USB Connectors

5.1 Upstream Port VBUS and VBUS_DET

• The upstream port VBUS line must have no more than 10 µF of total capacitance connected.
• The VBUS_DET pin is used by the USB2422 to detect the presence of a USB host. The USB host can also toggle the state of VBUS at any time to force a soft Reset and reconnection of the USB2422.
• It is permissible to tie VBUS_DET directly to 3.3V. However, this is not recommended because the ability to force a Reset of the hub from the USB host VBUS toggling is lost.

The recommended implementation is shown in Figure 5-1. Note that the precise resistor values are not critical and alternate values may be selected as long as:

• The impedance from the VBUS pin of the USB connector to the VBUS_DET pin is sufficiently high-impedance to minimize pin leakage when VBUS is present before the Hub IC is powered on.
• A sufficient voltage level is present on the VBUS_DET for the full range of VBUS (4.5V – 5.5V).

Figure 5-1: Recommended Upstream Port VBUS and VBUS_DET Connections

A diagram illustrates the recommended connections for the upstream port VBUS and VBUS_DET, showing the USB connector, USB2422, and associated resistors and capacitors.

5.2 Downstream Port VBUS and PRTPWRx/OCSx_N

5.2.1 PRTPWRx

The PRTPWRx pin is an output pin which has the following states:

1. PORT OFF: PRTPWRx drives low. The PRTPWRx pin will only transition to the PORT ON state through a specific command from the USB host.
2. PORT ON: PRTPWRx drives low. The PRTPWRx pin will only transition to the PORT OFF state if:
   • An overcurrent event is sensed on OCSx_N pin.
   • A command from the USB host is received which instructs the hub to disable power.
   • The hub is reset or experiences a POR event.

To ensure minimal BOM cost and simplicity, select a port power controller device with a 3.3V logic level, active-high input. If a device which operates from a 5V logic level is selected, the PRTPWRx signal may need to be boosted using external logic. If a port power controller with active low input is selected, the PRTPWRx signal needs to be inverted using external logic.

5.2.2 OCSx_N

The OCSx_N pin is an input buffer which monitors overcurrent events. The pin includes an internal pull-up resistor to the 3.3V domain, so an external pull-up resistor is not required. The pin state is ignored when the port is in the PORT OFF state. When the port is in the PORT ON state, an overcurrent event is detected if the state of the pin is detected as low (below the VIL voltage). When an overcurrent event is detected, the port automatically moves to the PORT OFF state until the USB host can be notified of the overcurrent event.

To ensure minimal BOM cost and simplicity, select a port power controller device with an active-low, open-drain fault indicator output. If a port power controller with active-high fault indicator output is selected, the OCSx_N signal needs to be inverted using external logic.

A typical VBUS port power control implementation is shown in Figure 5-2.

Figure 5-2: Downstream VBUS and PRTCTL1 Connections

A diagram shows the USB2422 connected to a Port Power Controller, which in turn connects to a USB Downstream Connector, illustrating VBUS and PRTCTL1 connections.

5.3 Downstream Port Type-C Support

USB2422 may be used with Type-C as the downstream port. This requires a Type-C port controller or combined port power controller and Type-C port controller. The USB2422 simply controls the Type-C port controller in same way it would control a standard Type-A port power controller. It does not require any kind of Type-C port status information from the Type-C port controller. The PRTPWRx signal should be connected to an enable pin on the Type-C controller, and the OCSx_N signal should connect to the fault indicator output of the port power controller.

If the Type-C controller and the port power controller are separate devices, the Type-C controller must control the enable pin of the port power controller. The PRTPWRx should not directly control the VBUS enable signal of the port power controller.

A Type-C controller may be configured to signal a 500 mA, 1.5A, or 3.0A port power capability. The selected port power controller should be sized accordingly.

A typical implementation is shown in Figure 5-3.

Figure 5-3: Downstream VBUS and PRTCTL1 Connections with a Type-C Port

A diagram illustrates the connections for downstream VBUS and PRTCTL1 with a Type-C port, showing the USB2422, Type-C Controller, and Port Power Controller.

5.4 GND and EARTH Recommendations

• The GND pins of the USB connector must be connected to the PCB with a low-impedance path directly to a large GND plane.
• The EARTH pins of the USB connector may be connected with one of these two ways:
  1. (Recommended) To GND through a resistor and capacitor in parallel. An RC filter can help to decouple and minimize EMI between a PCB and a USB cable.
  2. Directly to the GND plane.

The recommended implementation is shown in Figure 5-4.

Figure 5-4: Recommended USB Connector GND and Earth Connections

A diagram shows the recommended connections for USB connector GND and EARTH, including VBUS, D+, D-, GND, and EARTH pins with associated components.

6.0 Clock Circuit

6.1 Crystal and External Clock Connection

A 24.000 MHz (±350 ppm) reference clock is the source for the USB interface and for all other functions of the device. (See Figure 6-1.) For exact specifications and tolerances, refer to the latest revision of the USB2422 Data Sheet.

• XTALIN (pin 22) is the clock circuit input for the USB2422. This pin requires a capacitor to ground. One side of the crystal connects to this pin.
• XTALOUT (pin 21) is the clock circuit output for the USB2422. This pin requires a capacitor to ground. One side of the crystal connects to this pin.
• The crystal loading capacitor values are system dependent based on the total C₁ specifications of the crystal and the stray capacitance value. The PCB design, crystal, and layout contribute to the characteristics of this circuit. A commonly used formula for calculating the appropriate physical C₁ and C₂ capacitor values is:

CL = ((Cx1)(Cx2) / (Cx1 + Cx2))

Where: CL is the spec from the crystal data sheet, Cx1 = Cstray + C1, CX2 = Cstray + C2

Note: Cstray is the stray or parasitic capacitance due to PCB layout. It can be assumed to be very small, in the 1 pF to 2 pF range, and then verified by physical experiments in the lab if PCB simulation tools are not available.

Alternately, a 24.000 MHz, 1.2V to 3.3V clock oscillator may be used to provide the clock source for the USB2422. When using a single-ended clock source, XTALOUT (pin 21) should be left floating as a No Connect (NC).

Figure 6-1: Crystal and Oscillator Connections

Two diagrams show crystal and oscillator connections for the USB2422. One shows a crystal with capacitors C1 and C2 connected to XTALIN and XTALOUT. The other shows a 24 MHz oscillator connected to XTALIN, with XTALOUT left as NC.

7.0 Power and Startup

7.1 RBIAS Resistor

RBIAS (pin 24) on the USB2422 must connect to ground through a 12 kΩ resistor with a tolerance of 1.0%. This is used to set up critical bias currents for the internal circuitry. This should be placed as close to the IC pin as possible, and be given a dedicated, low-impedance path to a ground plane.

7.2 Board Power Supplies

7.2.1 Power Rise Time

• The power rail voltage and rise time should adhere to the supply rise time specifications defined in the USB2422 Data Sheet.
• If a monotonic or fast power rail rise cannot be assured, then the RESET_N signal should be controlled by a Reset supervisor and only released when the power rail has reached a stable level.

7.2.2 Current Capability

• It is important to size the 5V and 3.3V power rails appropriately. The 5V power supply must be capable of supplying sufficient power for all exposed USB ports concurrently without drooping below the minimum voltage permissible in the USB specifications:
  • 500 mA per-port for USB2 Ports if BC1.1 is not enabled on the port.
  • 1.5A per BC1.2-enabled port (if BC1.1 is enabled).
  • 1.5A or 3.0A per Type-C port (depending on the setting of the Type-C controller).
• The 3.3V power supply must be able to supply enough power to the USB hub IC. It is recommended that a 3.3V power rail be sized such that it is able to supply the maximum power consumption specification, as displayed in the USB2422 Data Sheet.

7.3 Reset Circuit

• RESET_N (pin 15) is an active-low reset input. This signal resets all logic and registers within the USB2422.
• A hardware Reset (RESET_N assertion) is not required following power-up. Please refer to the latest copy of the USB2422 Data Sheet for Reset timing requirements.

Figure 7-1 shows a recommended reset circuit for powering up the USB2422 when a Reset is triggered by the power supply. The values for the "R" resistor and "C" capacitor are not critical and may be adjusted based on individual system needs and preferences.

Figure 7-1: Reset Triggered by Power Supply

A diagram shows a reset circuit for the USB2422 triggered by the power supply, with VDDIO, a resistor, a capacitor, and the RESET_N pin.

Figure 7-2 details the recommended Reset circuit for applications where Reset is driven by an external CPU/MCU. The Reset out pin (RST_OUT_N) from the CPU/MCU provides the warm Reset after power-up. The values for the "R" resistor and “C” capacitor are not critical and may be adjusted based on individual system needs and preferences.

Figure 7-2: Reset Circuit Interface with CPU/MCU Reset Output

A diagram shows a reset circuit interface for the USB2422 with a CPU/MCU reset output, including VDDIO, a resistor, a capacitor, and the RESET_N pin connected to the CPU/MCU.

8.0 Configuration Options

• The USB2422 can be configured in one or 2 ways:
  • SMBus (via external MCU/SOC)
  • Hardware Resistor Straps (resistor pull-down/pull-up options)
• The hub must be configured completely via SMBus or hardware resistor straps. A combined or hybrid approach is not supported.

8.1 Configuration via MCU/SoC Memory

8.1.1 MCU/SOC Operation Summary

• By default, the USB2422 executes based on internal register defaults, and an external MCU/SoC device is not explicitly required. If settings which differ from the internal defaults are required by the application, an external MCU/SoC may be used to modify the register settings. Only the specific settings which have to be modified from the default need to be changed.
• The USB2422 supports only one address option: 010_1100b.

8.1.2 MCU/SOC Connection Diagrams

The recommended schematic connections for an MCU/SOC memory device are shown in Figure 8-1.

Figure 8-1: Recommended Connections if Configured via MCU/SOC

A diagram shows the recommended connections for configuring the USB2422 via an MCU/SOC, including SMBus data and clock lines, and other configuration pins.

8.1.3 Self-Powered/Bus-Powered Settings (Available via SMBus Configuration Only)

In a typical USB2422 application, the hub should be configured as self-powered, which is the default configuration setting. The following guidelines can be used to determine which setting to use:

1. If the entire system (hub included) is powered completely from the upstream USB connector's VBUS pin and the system is designed to operate using standard USB cabling and any standard USB host, then the hub system is bus-powered.
2. If the entire system (hub included) is always powered by a separate power connector, then the hub system is self-powered.
3. If the hub included is part of a larger embedded system with fixed cabling and a fixed USB host, then the hub system is most likely self-powered (even if all of the power is derived from the upstream USB connector's VBUS pin).

The self-powered or bus-powered device settings do not impact the operation of the hub in any way. The settings only modify select USB descriptors which the USB host will use to budget power accordingly. Since a standard USB2.0 port is required to supply 500 mA to the downstream port, a self-powered hub and all of its downstream ports must continue to operate within that 500 mA budget. A USB host will typically limit the downstream ports of a self-powered hub to 100 mA. Any device connecting to a self-powered hub that needs more than 100 mA will be prevented from operating by the USB host.

The USB2422 also supports dynamic self-powered and bus-powered operation via the LOCAL_PWR control input pin. This feature must be enabled via SMBus configuration (DYNAMIC bit in CFG1 register). Once enabled, the LOCAL_PWR pin works as:

• 1.0: Self-Powered, and no downstream port power restrictions will be in place.
• 1: Bus-Powered - downstream port power restrictions will be enforced by the USB host.

The LOCAL_PWR cannot be changed dynamically. To change the mode of operation, the pin state must be changed, then the hub must be reset for the hub to communicate the new mode of operation descriptors to the USB host.

8.2 Configuration via Hardware Resistor Straps

Follow the schematic guidance in Figure 8-2 for strap configuration.

Figure 8-2: Recommended Connections if Configured via Strap Options

A diagram illustrates recommended connections for configuring the USB2422 via strap options, including Battery Charging Strap, Port 1 Disable Strap, Port 2 Disable Strap, and Non-Removable Port Settings.

8.2.1 Battery Charging Settings

The USB2422 hub includes built-in battery charging support compliant to Charging Downstream Port (CDP) mode of the BC1.1 USB Battery Charging Specification. This allows portable device charging up to 1.5A with operational USB data. The feature is available on Port 1 only. Port 2 does not support BC1.1 operation. The BC_EN1 strap setting is sampled once at startup. The configuration strap options are described in Table 8-1.

Table 8-1: BC_EN1 Configuration Strap Operation

Note 1: Dedicated Charging Port (DCP) is not supported as the mechanism for a single port to switch between CDP and DCP modes was not introduced until the BC1.2 specification was released.

8.2.2 Port Disable Straps

If using the port disable strap option, the USBDP_DNx and USBDM_DNx signals should be pulled high to 3.3V. This connection can be made directly to the 3.3V power net or through a pull-up resistor. The pins may also be shorted together to simplify the layout.

Note: Both USB D+ and D- signals must be pulled high to effectively disable the port. If only 1 pin is pulled to 3.3V, the port will not be disabled.

8.2.3 Non-Removable Port Settings

In a typical USB2422 application, downstream ports are routed to a user-accessible USB connector and hence the downstream port should be configured as a removable port.

The USB2422 has two configuration strap option pins, NON_REM[1:0], which can be used to set the non-removable configurations for Ports 1 and 2. (See Table 8-2.) These are located on pins 13 and 17. The strap setting is sampled once at startup. A configuration strap option must be selected if the hub is not configured via EEPROM or from an MCU/SOC via SMBus.

Note: The SUSP_IND/LOCAL_PWR/NON_REM0 operates in the following manner when EEPROM or SOC-based SMBus configuration is not present:

• During hub boot, the pin is sensed to determine the NON_REM0 setting.
• During hub runtime, the pin operates as an output which reflects the suspend state of the hub:
  • Output Low (0V): Hub is unconfigured (enumeration by the USB host is not complete) or in USB Suspend.
  • Output High (3.3V): Hub is configured (enumeration by the USB host is complete), and hub is active.

The LOCAL_PWR Output mode is not available. This pin function requires EEPROM or SOC-based SMBus configuration settings.

Table 8-2: NON_REM[1:0] Settings

The following guidelines can be used to determine which setting to use:

1. If the port is routed to a user-accessible USB connector, it is removable.
2. If the port is routed to a permanently attached an embedded USB device on the same PCB or non-user-accessible wiring or cable harness, it is non-removable.
3. The removable and non-removable device settings do not have any impact on the hub's operations in any way. The settings only modify selected USB descriptors which the USB host may use to understand if a port is a user-accessible port, or if the device is a permanently attached device. Under standard operating conditions, the USB host may or may not modify its operations based on this information. Certain USB compliance tests are impacted by this setting, so designs required to undergo USB-compliance testing and certification must have correct configuration settings.

9.0 Hardware Checklist Summary

Table 9-1: Hardware Design Checklist

Appendix A: Revision History

Table A-1: Revision History

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China - Beijing
Tel: 86-10-8569-7000

China - Chengdu
Tel: 86-28-8665-5511

China - Chongqing
Tel: 86-23-8980-9588

China - Dongguan
Tel: 86-769-8702-9880

China - Guangzhou
Tel: 86-20-8755-8029

China - Hangzhou
Tel: 86-571-8792-8115

China - Hong Kong SAR
Tel: 852-2943-5100

China - Nanjing
Tel: 86-25-8473-2460

China - Qingdao
Tel: 86-532-8502-7355

China - Shanghai
Tel: 86-21-3326-8000

China - Shenyang
Tel: 86-24-2334-2829

China - Shenzhen
Tel: 86-755-8864-2200

China - Suzhou
Tel: 86-186-6233-1526

China - Wuhan
Tel: 86-27-5980-5300

China - Xian
Tel: 86-29-8833-7252

China - Xiamen
Tel: 86-592-2388138

China - Zhuhai
Tel: 86-756-3210040

ASIA/PACIFIC

India - Bangalore
Tel: 91-80-3090-4444

India - New Delhi
Tel: 91-11-4160-8631

India - Pune
Tel: 91-20-4121-0141

Japan - Osaka
Tel: 81-6-6152-7160

Japan - Tokyo
Tel: 81-3-6880-3770

Korea - Daegu
Tel: 82-53-744-4301

Korea - Seoul
Tel: 82-2-554-7200

Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur
Tel: 60-3-7651-7906

Malaysia - Penang
Tel: 60-4-227-8870

Philippines - Manila
Tel: 63-2-634-9065

Singapore
Tel: 65-6334-8870

Taiwan - Hsin Chu
Tel: 886-3-577-8366

Taiwan - Kaohsiung
Tel: 886-7-213-7830

Taiwan - Taipei
Tel: 886-2-2508-8600

Thailand - Bangkok
Tel: 66-2-694-1351

Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh
Tel: 84-28-5448-2100

EUROPE

Austria - Wels
Tel: 43-7242-2244-39
Fax: 43-7242-2244-393

Denmark - Copenhagen
Tel: 45-4485-5910
Fax: 45-4485-2829

Finland - Espoo
Tel: 358-9-4520-820

France - Paris
Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20
Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79

Germany - Garching
Tel: 49-8931-9700

Germany - Haan
Tel: 49-2129-3766400

Germany - Heilbronn
Tel: 49-7131-72400

Germany - Karlsruhe
Tel: 49-721-625370

Germany - Munich
Tel: 49-89-627-144-0
Fax: 49-89-627-144-44

Germany - Rosenheim
Tel: 49-8031-354-560

Israel - Ra'anana
Tel: 972-9-744-7705

Italy - Milan
Tel: 39-0331-742611
Fax: 39-0331-466781

Italy - Padova
Tel: 39-049-7625286

Netherlands - Drunen
Tel: 31-416-690399
Fax: 31-416-690340

Norway - Trondheim
Tel: 47-7288-4388

Poland - Warsaw
Tel: 48-22-3325737

Romania - Bucharest
Tel: 40-21-407-87-50

Spain - Madrid
Tel: 34-91-708-08-90
Fax: 34-91-708-08-91

Sweden - Gothenberg
Tel: 46-31-704-60-40

Sweden - Stockholm
Tel: 46-8-5090-4654

UK - Wokingham
Tel: 44-118-921-5800
Fax: 44-118-921-5820