AL1698EV1 User Guide
230VAC Dimmable LED Driver
General Description
This demonstration board utilizes the AL1698 Buck-boost LED driver-converter with a single winding inductor, providing a cost-effective triac dimmable solution for offline high brightness LED applications. This user-friendly evaluation board allows users to quickly connect their different types of LED strings. The demonstration board can be easily modified to adjust the LED output current and the number of series-connected LEDs that are driven. A Bill of Materials (BOM), schematic, and layout are included, describing the parts used on this demonstration board along with measured performance characteristics. These materials can serve as a reference design.
Key Features
- Triac Dimmable
- Active PFC with power factor >0.9
- High efficiency >85%
- Single winding
- Low THD
- Good dimmer compatibility
- Low BOM cost
Applications
- Retrofit Bulb, Par Lamps
Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| AC Input Voltage | 198~264V |
| Output Power | 8.1W |
| LED Current | 100mA |
| LED Voltage | 81V |
| Power Factor | >0.9 |
| Efficiency | 85% |
| XYZ Dimension | 63.4 x 21 x 18mm |
| ROHS Compliance | Yes |
Evaluation Board
Figure 1: Top View
Description of Figure 1 (Top View): An image showing the top side of the AL1698EV1 evaluation board. Key components like inductors (L1, L2), capacitors (C1-C8), resistors (R1-R9), a rectifier bridge (BD1), a varistor (VR1), and the AL1698 IC (U1) are visible. Input terminals are labeled AC-L and AC-N, and output terminals are labeled LED+ and LED-.
Figure 2: Bottom View
Description of Figure 2 (Bottom View): An image showing the bottom side of the AL1698EV1 evaluation board. This side primarily shows the PCB traces and some smaller components or mounting points. The DIODES AL1698EV1 branding is visible.
Connection Instructions
- AC-L Input: White-Line
- AC-N Input: White-Neutral
- DC LED+ Output: LED+ (Red)
- DC LED- Output: LED- (Black)
Board Layouts
Figure 3: PCB Layout Top View
Description of Figure 3 (PCB Layout Top View): A diagram illustrating the physical layout of components on the top layer of the AL1698EV1 PCB. Dimensions are provided, showing the placement of inductors, capacitors, resistors, ICs, and connectors.
Figure 4: PCB Layout Bottom View
Description of Figure 4 (PCB Layout Bottom View): A diagram illustrating the physical layout of components and traces on the bottom layer of the AL1698EV1 PCB. Dimensions are provided, showing the routing of electrical connections and placement of some components.
Quick Start Guide
- Preset the isolated AC source to 230VAC.
- Ensure that the AC source is switched OFF or disconnected.
- Connect the anode wire of the LED string to the LED+ terminal of the evaluation board.
- Connect the cathode wire of the LED string to the LED- terminal of the evaluation board.
- Connect two AC line wires to the AC-L and AC-N terminals on the evaluation board.
- Ensure that the area around the board is clear and safe, and preferably that the board and LEDs are enclosed in a transparent safety cover.
- Turn on the main switch. The LED string should light up with LED.
DO NOT TOUCH THE BOARD, LEDs OR BARE WIRING.
Caution: The AL1698 is a non-isolated design. All terminals carry high voltage during operation!
Schematic
Figure 5: Schematic Circuit
Description of Figure 5 (Schematic Circuit): A circuit diagram illustrating the electrical connections of the AL1698EV1 evaluation board. It shows the AC input stage with filtering, a bridge rectifier, a power factor correction (PFC) circuit, the AL1698 IC controlling a buck-boost converter with a single winding inductor, and the LED output stage.
Transformer Design
Bobbin and Core
EE13 Vertical 5+5 pin
Transformer Parameters
- Primary Inductance (Pin8-Pin10, all other windings open): Lp=2.4mH, ±5%@1kHz
- Primary Winding Turns (Pin8-Pin10): NP=248Ts
- Varnish the complete assembly
Transformer Winding Construction Diagram
Diagram showing transformer winding construction details.
The diagram illustrates the winding of the primary coil (WD1). It specifies starting at Pin 8, winding 248 turns of 0.21mm wire, and finishing on Pin 10. It also indicates "Insulation" with "2 Layers of insulation tape".
Bill of Material
| # | Item | Description | Package | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | C1 | 33nF/400V, CL21, Pitch=7.5mm | Through-hole | 1 |
| 2 | C2 | 100nF/400V, CL21, Pitch=7.5mm | Through-hole | 1 |
| 3 | C3 | 47nF/400V, CL21, Pitch=7.5mm | Through-hole | 1 |
| 4 | C4 | Ceramic Cap, 0.1uF/25V,X7R | 0805 | 1 |
| 5 | C5 | E-Cap, 130°C,3.3uF/50V,5*9mm | Through-hole | 1 |
| 6 | C6 | Ceramic Cap, 0.47uF/25V,X7R | 0805 | 1 |
| 7 | C7 | E-Cap, 130°C, 100uF/100V,10*16mm | Through-hole | 1 |
| 8 | C8 | E-Cap, 130°C,4.7uF/100V, 5*9mm | Through-hole | 1 |
| 9 | BD1 | Rectifier Bridge,MB10S,0.8A/1KV,Diodes Inc | MBS | 1 |
| 10 | D1 | Fast Recovery Diode,US1J,1A/600V,Diodes Inc | SMA | 1 |
| 11 | D2 | Switching diode, 1N4148,Diodes Inc | SOD-123 | 1 |
| 12 | ZD1, ZD2 | DDZ9688,4.7V Zener, Diodes Inc | SOD-123 | 2 |
| 13 | VR1 | Varistor, 07D431 | Through-hole | 1 |
| 14 | RF1 | Fuse Resistor,51R, 5%, 1W | Through-hole | 1 |
| 15 | RF2 | Fuse Resistor,51R, 5%, 1W | Through-hole | 1 |
| 16 | R1 | Resistor, 4.7K, 5%, 1/8W | 0805 | 1 |
| 17 | R2 | SMD Resistor,390R, 5%, 1W | DIP | 1 |
| 18 | R3 | SMD Resistor,130K, 5%, 1/8W | 0805 | 1 |
| 19 | R4 | SMD Resistor, 11K, 5%, 1/8W | 0805 | 1 |
| 20 | R5 | SMD Resistor,3.9R, 1%, 1/8W | 0805 | 1 |
| 21 | R6 | SMD Resistor,4.3R, 1%, 1/8W | 0805 | 1 |
| 22 | R7 | SMD Resistor,100K, 5%, 1/4W | 1206 | 1 |
| 23 | R8 | SMD Resistor,10K, 5%, 1/8W | 0805 | 1 |
| 24 | R9 | SMD Resistor,4.7K, 5%, 1/8W | 0805 | 1 |
| 25 | RJ | SMD Resistor,0R, 5%, 1/4W | 1206 | 1 |
| 26 | L1 | Drum Inductor 4.7mH, 6*8mm | Through-hole | 1 |
| 27 | L2 | EE13, Vertical, 5+5pin,Single Winding,2.4mH | Through-hole | 1 |
| 28 | Q1 | N-MOS,DMG3420U, 20V/4A,Diodes Inc | SOT-23 | 1 |
| 29 | U1 | AL1698-20C,Diodes Dimmable IC | SOP-7 | 1 |
| Total | 30 | |||
Electrical Performance
Description of graphs showing electrical performance characteristics:
Efficiency vs Input Voltage: A line graph plotting efficiency percentage on the Y-axis against input voltage (Vac) on the X-axis, ranging from 190V to 270V. Efficiency is shown to be relatively stable, around 85%.
ILED vs Input Voltage: A line graph plotting LED current (ILED in mA) on the Y-axis against input voltage (Vac) on the X-axis. The LED current increases slightly with input voltage, from approximately 97mA to 107mA.
PF vs Input Voltage: A line graph plotting Power Factor (PF) on the Y-axis against input voltage (Vac) on the X-axis. The power factor decreases slightly with increasing input voltage, from approximately 0.96 to 0.89.
THD vs Input Voltage: A line graph plotting Total Harmonic Distortion (THD in %) on the Y-axis against input voltage (Vac) on the X-axis. THD increases with input voltage, from approximately 23% to 30%.
Dimming Test
Dimmer compatibility and dimming range
| Num | Dimmer Type | ILED(mA) | Dimming Percentage(%) | Flicker or not | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Max | Min | Max | |||
| 1 | Gira 030700 T 20-525W | 23.33 | 100.89 | 22.24 | 96.18 | No |
| 2 | PEHA D 80 433VL60-300W | 27.58 | 102.26 | 26.29 | 97.48 | No |
| 3 | Merten 5771-99 T 20-315W | 31.39 | 100.28 | 29.92 | 95.60 | No |
| 4 | ABB STD 50-3 L 60-500W | 27.25 | 102.73 | 25.98 | 97.93 | No |
| 5 | Busch Jaeger 6513U-102 T 40-420W | 27.00 | 103.16 | 25.74 | 98.34 | No |
| 6 | Busch Jaeger 6523U-LED L 2-100W | 11.98 | 99.46 | 11.42 | 94.81 | No |
| 7 | Berker 2875 L 60-600W | 16.16 | 101.89 | 15.41 | 97.13 | No |
| 8 | Legrand 775903 T 420W | 44.12 | 101.45 | 42.06 | 96.71 | No |
| 9 | Siemens 5TCB 284 T 20-525W | 23.15 | 103.81 | 22.07 | 98.96 | No |
| 10 | Gira 117600 U 50-420W | 33.68 | 101.10 | 32.11 | 96.38 | No |
| 11 | Busch-Jae 2247U L 500W | 3.96 | 102.65 | 3.78 | 97.86 | No |
| 12 | He T46 T 20-315W | 31.91 | 102.49 | 30.42 | 97.70 | No |
| 13 | Berker 2861 10 U50-420W | 32.99 | 102.04 | 31.45 | 97.27 | No |
| 14 | Jung 254 UDIE1 U50-420W | 33.48 | 100.98 | 31.92 | 96.26 | No |
| 15 | Everflourish EFM700DC T 25-150W | 30.18 | 98.78 | 28.77 | 94.17 | No |
| 16 | IKEA E0902-DIM L25-150W | 10.45 | 102.67 | 9.96 | 97.87 | No |
| 17 | Busch-Jaeger 2200 L60-400W | 26.40 | 99.59 | 25.17 | 94.94 | No |
| 18 | Jung 1254 UDE U50-420W | 0.00 | 100.46 | 0.00 | 95.77 | No |
| 19 | Gira 030200/I01 L60-600W | 0.00 | 100.69 | 0.00 | 95.99 | No |
| 20 | ELSO ATD315 T40-315W | 27.44 | 102.82 | 26.16 | 98.02 | No |
| 21 | IKEA EED100PRS | 0.00 | 100.46 | 0.00 | 95.77 | No |
| 22 | IKEA EED200LRS(W) | 0.00 | 100.69 | 0.00 | 95.99 | No |
| 23 | IKEA EED200BRS | 2.00 | 101.12 | 1.91 | 96.40 | No |
| 24 | IKEA EED200LRS(B) | 0.00 | 97.63 | 0.00 | 93.07 | No |
Dimming Curve
LED Current vs Conduction Angle
Description of the graph "LED Current vs Conduction Angle": A line graph showing the relationship between the conductance angle (in degrees) on the X-axis and the related output current percentage on the Y-axis. The data is for Vin=230Vac/50Hz with the IKEA EED200BRS dimmer. The curve shows a near-linear increase in LED current as the conductance angle increases.
Functional Waveform
LED Current Ripple
Description of the "LED Current Ripple" waveform: An oscilloscope screenshot showing the LED current (green trace) and output voltage (blue trace) under Vin=230VAC. The LED current shows a ripple of 7.8mA. The measurement parameters are displayed.
Start-up Time
Description of the "Start-up Time" waveform: An oscilloscope screenshot showing the LED output voltage and current during startup under Vin=198VAC. The start-up time is measured to be 175ms. Measurement parameters are displayed.
Waveforms
IC VDRAIN Waveform
Description of the "IC VDRAIN Waveform": An oscilloscope screenshot showing the VDS (drain-source) voltage of the internal MOSFET within the IC. The waveform is a high-frequency switching pattern, with a maximum voltage of 504V observed at Vin=264VAC. The measurement parameters are displayed.
Output Diode VR Waveform
Description of the "Output Diode VR Waveform": An oscilloscope screenshot showing the reverse voltage across the output diode. The waveform indicates a peak reverse voltage of 514V at Vin=264VAC. The measurement parameters are displayed.
LED Open Protection
Description of the "LED Open Protection" waveform: An oscilloscope screenshot demonstrating the behavior of the circuit when an LED string is open-circuited. It shows multiple traces representing V_DRAIN, R-VCC, B-Vout, and G-ILED under Vin=230VAC. The protection mechanism is indicated by the signal behavior.
LED Short Protection
Description of the "LED Short Protection" waveform: An oscilloscope screenshot demonstrating the behavior of the circuit when the LED string is short-circuited. It shows multiple traces representing V_DRAIN, R-VCC, B-Vout, and G-ILED under Vin=230VAC. The protection mechanism is indicated by the signal behavior.
Thermal Test
Top
Description of the "Top" thermal image: A thermal image of the top side of the evaluation board after 30 minutes of burn-in at Vin=230VAC/50Hz. The image shows a temperature distribution with a maximum temperature of 53.1°C and a minimum of 26.5°C, with a scale indicating temperatures from 25.0°C to 55.0°C. The date and time are 08/30/2018, 17:28:39.
Bottom
Description of the "Bottom" thermal image: A thermal image of the bottom side of the evaluation board after 30 minutes of burn-in at Vin=230VAC/50Hz. The image shows a temperature distribution with a maximum temperature of 55.4°C and a minimum of 26.8°C, with a scale indicating temperatures from 25.0°C to 57.0°C. The date and time are 08/30/2018, 17:27:38.
EMI Conduction Test
Line Terminal
Description of the "Line Terminal" EMI Conduction Test: A graph showing the conducted emissions on the line terminal for Vin=230VAC/50Hz, with a margin of >10dB. The graph displays frequency on the X-axis and signal level (dBμV) on the Y-axis, with limit lines and measured peaks/averages. A table lists the measured frequencies, levels, and delta limits.
Neutral Terminal
Description of the "Neutral Terminal" EMI Conduction Test: A graph showing the conducted emissions on the neutral terminal for Vin=230VAC/50Hz, with a margin of >7dB. The graph displays frequency on the X-axis and signal level (dBμV) on the Y-axis, with limit lines and measured peaks/averages. A table lists the measured frequencies, levels, and delta limits.
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