Table of Contents

1. Sources

1.1 Voltage Sources

• 1.1.1 Loaded Voltage Source in Practice
• 1.1.2 Power Output of a Voltage Source
• 1.1.3 Efficiency of a Voltage Source
• 1.1.4 Voltage Source Program

1.2 Current Sources

• 1.2.1 Application and Construction of Current Sources

1.3 Voltage/Current Source Transformation

2. Mobile Power Supply

2.1 Characteristics of Batteries and Accumulators

• 2.1.1 Nominal Voltage U_N
• 2.1.2 Open-Circuit Voltage U₀
• 2.1.3 Discharge Voltage U_E
• 2.1.4 Capacity C
• 2.1.5 Self-Discharge
• 2.1.6 Energy Density W

2.2 Batteries

• 2.2.1 Sizes and Capacity
• 2.2.2 Battery Types

2.3 Accumulators

• 2.3.1 Charging, Recharging
• 2.3.2 Charging Methods (Selection)
• 2.3.3 Discharging
• 2.3.4 Accumulator Voltage
• 2.3.5 End-of-Discharge Voltage
• 2.3.6 Charging Voltage
• 2.3.7 C-Rate
• 2.3.8 Nominal Capacity
• 2.3.9 Cycle
• 2.3.10 Efficiency
• 2.3.11 Operating Modes of Accumulators
• 2.3.12 Technologies
• 2.3.13 Planning and Multi-Cell Operation

2.4 Fuel Cells

2.5 Capacitors

• 2.5.1 Starting Capacitor
• 2.5.2 Discharge with Constant Resistance
• 2.5.3 Discharge with Constant Current
• 2.5.4 Discharge with Constant Power

2.6 Dynamo

3. Mains Supply

3.1 Power Supplies with Galvanic Isolation

3.2 Power Supplies Without Galvanic Isolation

• 3.2.1 Autotransformers
• 3.2.2 Power Supply via Series Resistor or Pre-Capacitor
• 3.2.3 DC Converter

3.3 Safety

• Protection Class I
• Protection Class II
• Protection Class III
• Fire Protection

3.4 Voltage Multipliers

• 3.4.1 Symmetrical Voltage Doubler (Delon-Greinacher Circuit)
• 3.4.2 Voltage Tripler (Witka Circuit)
• 3.4.3 Villard Circuit

4. Measurement Technology

4.1 Characteristics

• 4.1.1 Arithmetic Mean Value
• 4.1.2 Rectified Value
• 4.1.3 RMS Value (Quadratic Mean Value)
• 4.1.4 Peak Value
• 4.1.5 Peak Factor

4.2 Measuring Instruments

• 4.2.1 Measuring Instruments with Pointer or Digital Display
• 4.2.2 Oscilloscope

5. Voltage Stabilization and Voltage Regulation

5.1 Voltage Stabilization

• 5.1.1 Stabilization with Zener Diodes
• 5.1.2 Stabilization with Series Transistor

5.2 Constant Voltage Sources

• 5.2.1 Conventionally Constructed Voltage Regulators
• 5.2.2 Integrated Regulators

6. Loss Dissipation and Heat Dissipation

• 6.1 Determination of Loss Dissipation
• 6.2 Dissipation of Loss Power
• 6.3 Pulse Operation

7. Current Constants

7.1 Current Stabilization

7.2 Current Regulation

8. Switching Power Supplies

8.1 Switched Linear Regulators and Charge Pumps

• 8.1.1 Switched Linear Regulators
• 8.1.2 Charge Pumps

8.2 Switching Power Supplies with Inductance

• 8.2.1 Buck Converter
• 8.2.2 Boost Converter
• 8.2.3 Inverting Converter
• 8.2.4 Buck-Boost Converter
• 8.2.5 Control and Switching Circuit
• 8.2.6 Converter with Galvanic Isolation

8.3 Components for Use in Switching Power Supplies

• 8.3.1 Storage Chokes
• 8.3.2 Electrolytic Capacitors
• 8.3.2.1 Capacitors in the Input Circuit of Switching Power Supplies